El orden bellista. Purismo idiomático e intervención gráfica en la prensa temprana de Buenos Aires (1801-1830); The bellista order. Idiomatic purism and graphic intervention in the early periodical press of Buenos Aires (1801-1830) Pas, Hernán Francisco Considerando a la prensa como plataforma central de la construcción pública de la lengua legítima durante el siglo XIX, el presente trabajo procura avanzar en el análisis de dos aspectos estrechamente vinculados con su desarrollo. Por un lado, revisa las intervenciones puristas y supervisoras del idioma antes de la perentoria intervención pública de Bello (en Chile, desde la prensa y la Universidad; en Londres, desde sus famosas revistas). Por el otro, indaga, mediante algunos casos ejemplares, el impacto material de la imprenta en la construcción de sentidos alrededor de la lengua.; Considering the press as a central platform for the public construction of legitimate language during the 19th century, the present work aims to further analyze two aspects closely linked with its development. On the one hand, it reviews the purist and censoring interventions on language before Bello’s peremptory public involvement (in Chile, from the press and the University; in London, from his famous magazines). On the other, by means of some exemplary cases, it attempts to enquire into the material impact of the printing press on the construction of meanings around language.

El difícil encuadre del asilo diplomático como derecho humano. A propósito de la opinión consultiva número 25 de la Corte Interamericana; Diplomatic asylum and human rights. Some comments on the advisory opinion 25 of the Inter-American Court; O difícil enquadramento do asilo diplomático como direito humano. A propósito da opinião consultiva número 25 da corte interamericana Arlettaz, Fernando Emmanuel En su opinión consultiva número 25, adoptada a solicitud de Ecuador, la Corte Interamericana vuelve sobre el tema del asilo, que ya había tratado en pronunciamientos anteriores. Insiste en su afirmación, que se muestra problemática, de que la Convención y la Declaración americanas consagran un verdadero derecho individual a recibir asilo. Por otra parte, según la Corte, aunque ese derecho no incluye el asilo diplomático, por aplicación del principio de no devolución, los Estados deben abstenerse de entregar a las personas que lo solicitan cuando exista un riesgo para su vida o libertad. No surge claramente, sin embargo, cuáles son las obligaciones del Estado territorial ante el otorgamiento del asilo diplomático o la abstención de entrega basada en el principio de no devolución por parte de otro Estado.; In its advisory opinion number 25, adopted at the request of Ecuador, the InterAmerican Court returns to the issue of asylum, which it had already addressed in previous pronouncements. The Court insists on the problematic idea that the American Convention and the American Declaration consecrate an individual right to receive asylum. Moreover, according to the Court, although that right does not include diplomatic asylum, States must refrain from handing over asylum applicants when there is a risk to their life or liberty. However, it is not clear what the obligations of the territorial State are when another State refuses to hand over or grants diplomatic asylum to an individual.; Em sua opinião consecutiva número, adotada a solicitação do Equador, a corte interamericana volta sobre o tema do asilo, que já tinha tratado em pronunciamentos anteriores. Insiste em sua afirmação, que se mostra problemática, de que a convenção e a declaração americanas consagram um verdadeiro direito individual a receber asilo. Por outra parte, segundo a corte, mesmo que esse direito não inclui o asilo diplomático, por aplicação do princípio de não devolução os estados devem abster-se de entregar para as pessoas que o solicitam quando exista um risco para sua vida ou liberdade. Não surge claramente, porém, quais são as obrigações do estado territorial ante o a aceitação do asilo diplomático ou abstenção de entrega baseada no princípio da não devolução por parte de outro estado.

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Paraguay Mojsiejczuk, Laura Noelia; Elizalde, Maria Mercedes; López, Gladys; Figueredo, Diego; Marquez, Nelson; Campos, Rodolfo Hector; Flichman, Diego Martin Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of severe chronic liver disease worldwide. The HBV epidemiology in Latin American countries is complex and the data is still scanty and fragmentary. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of HBV genotypes in Paraguay and to estimate the viral population dynamic and spread pattern of the main phylogenetic group. To this end, partial and complete genome sequences were obtained from 60 blood donor candidates and analysed by phylogenetic and Bayesian phylodynamic approaches. The phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of partial Polymerase/Pre-S1 overlapping region showed a predominance of the Native American subgenotype F4 (81.7%), the presence of the European subgenotypes A2 (1.7%) and D3 (8.3%), the African subgenotype A1 (3, 5%) and the Asian subgenotypes B2 (1.7%) and C2 (1.7%). The distribution of HBV genotypes was in accordance with the ethnic composition of the population. The phylogeographic analysis of subgenotype F4 complete genomes suggests that this lineage emerged and spread in the last 300 years. Paraguay was the most probable location of the common ancestor. The lineage diverged into two main clades and spread to neighbor regions, mainly Bolivia and Northwest Argentina, and Buenos Aires. The phylogeny showed a scanty geographical structure and a complex migratory pattern. In conclusion, the HBV genotypes circulating in Paraguay reflect the ethnic origin of the population. The distribution of genotypes and the phylogeographic reconstruction showed the impact of both global and local migrations in shaping the HBV molecular epidemiology in the region.

El desarrollo económico local y los parques industriales: El caso del "Polo Productivo Agro-Industrial" en el Centro-Sur de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina Valinotti, María Florencia Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comprender los vínculos entre gobiernos locales y actores socio-económicos dominantes para la producción de perfiles productivos mediante la herramienta parque industrial. A partir de un estudio de caso, nos centramos en el proceso de construcción y desarrollo del parque industrial municipal de la localidad de General Deheza, Córdoba (1997-2017). Entendemos que constituye un caso paradigmático para dar cuenta del proceso mediante el cual, un proyecto empresarial ingresa a la agenda del gobierno local y deviene en un proyecto socio-político para la ciudad. Se concluye sobre la pertinencia de abordajes empíricos que enfaticen las interrelaciones entre municipio y actores socio-económicos en la producción conjunta de perfiles productivos a nivel ciudad y región.

Detection of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) DNA in endocervical samples from a positive and negative HPV woman of Córdoba, Argentina Biganzoli, Patricia; Frutos, Maria Celia; Venezuela, Raul Fernando; Mosmann, Jessica Paola; Kiguen, Ana Ximena; Pavan, Jorge; Ferreyra, Leonardo Jesús; Cuffini, Cecilia Gabriela Aims: The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the presence of human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A), HHV-6B and HHV-7 in samples of the uterine cervix through detection of viral DNA. We analysed normal tissues, samples with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). We correlated the presence of HHV-6 and HHV-7 with the finding of human papillomavirus (HPV) in mucosal samples. Methods: Cervical samples were examined and grouped as follows: group 1 (n=29), normal cytology; group 2 (n=61), samples with LSIL; group 3 (n=35), samples with HSIL. Molecular biology examinations were performed in all samples to detect HHV-6, HHV-7 and HPV DNA and to typify HHV-6 species. Results: Group 1: normal cytology and HPV (-): HHV-6: 6.8% (2/29), HHV-7: 79.3% (23/29); group 2: LSIL and HPV (-): HHV-6: 93.1% (27/29), HHV-7: 96.5% (28/29); LSIL and HPV (+): HHV-6: 0% (0/32), HHV-7: 90.6% (29/32); group 3: HSIL and HPV (-): HHV-6: 20% (2/10), HHV-7: 70% (7/10); HSIL HPV (+): HHV-6: 12% (3/25), HHV-7: 68% (17/25). HHV-6A DNA was not detected in any samples. Conclusions: (1) Both HHV-6 and HHV-7 infect the mucosal cells of the cervix with higher prevalence of HHV-7. (2) The higher prevalence of HHV-6 in LSIL HPV (-) samples compared with those with normal cytology indicates that it constitutes a possible risk factor for atypia production. (3) The presence of HHV-7 in all samples questions its role in the production of atypia. (4) The finding of HHV-6 and HHV-7 suggests that the cervical mucosa is a possible transmission pathway for these viruses.

Morphology of the megaspore lagenoisporites magnus (Chi and hills 1976) candilier et al. (1982), from the carboniferous (lower mississippian: Mid-upper tournaisian) of Bolivia Quetglas, Marcela Alejandra; Macluf, Carmen Cecilia; Di Pasquo, Mercedes The morphology and structure of megaspores assigned to Lagenoisporites magnus from the Toregua Formation, Retama Group, mid-upper Tournaisian of Bolivia were studied. The analysis was performed with light, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Megaspores were laterally compressed and presented a spherical body with a proximal gula, of the hologula type. Gula had verrucae ornamentation and the spore body presented complex processes consisting of a bulbous base and an internally partitioned projection with sharp apex. In addition to this main ornamentation, perforations were present throughout the spore surface. Megaspores showed well marked curvaturae perfectae due to the abrupt transition existing between the gula ornamentation and the spore body processes. These megaspores were assigned to heterosporous arborescent lycopsids of the Lepidocarpaceae family, as in section view, exospore structure presented a three-dimensional network of fused elements. Likewise, due to a similarity found between sporoderm and Isoetes L. structure, it is evident that megaspores structure has remained intact inside the heterosporous lycopsids. Therefore; the L. magnus structure not only would confirm its affinity with the Lycophyta fossils but also with the living ones.

Characterization of acid: Induced gels of quinoa proteins and carrageenan Montellano Duran, Natalia; Spelzini, Darío; Boeris, Valeria In this work acid-induced gels composed of both quinoa proteins (QP, 18–42 g/L) and ι–carrageenan (Carr, 0–0.5 g/L) were characterized. The objective of this work was to characterize gels with different structures and to correlate their microstructural parameters to physical properties of gels using modeling equation. Aggregates and pores size distributions were determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy; the medians of these distributions being between 1.10–2.46 μm and 1.4–4.45 μm respectively. Digital homogeneity of the images was also estimated by the determination of the angular second moment (13–54). Water holding capacity (WHC), color, appearance and texture were measured in order to assess the macrostructure. Appearance and color (L* = 82–87, a* = 3.52–6.09, b* = 15.8–24.4) were affected by QP concentration and the glucono–δ–lactone (GDL, 0–21 g/L) to QP mass ratio (GDL/QP), probably due to the protein coloration and the final pH reached by the system. WHC (82–97%) and textural (stiffness = 12–253.2 N/mm, maximum force = 127.4–1298.5 N) properties were affected by the concentration of both biopolymers, GDL/QP and their combination. The pore size showed to be correlated to mechanical properties of the gels as well as to their WHC and appearance. Gels obtained were a result of the competition of QP–QP interaction with QP–Carr interaction.

Does Social Hierarchy Matter for Resource Distribution; A hierarquia social é importante para a distribuição dos recursos?; ¿la jerarquía social es importante para la distribución de los recursos? Mola, Débora Jeanette; Godoy, Juan Carlos; Reyna, Cecilia Resources are distributed unequally depending on the social status (SS) of people. Researchers have often used experiments to explain the role of SS in economic decisions. However, the diverse ways of inducing SS has produced contradictory results. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of SS on the distribution of monetary resources in students aged 18 to 25 years from Córdoba (Argentina). Three experiments using mixed factorial designs were conducted. Different ways of inducing SS and the effect on decisions in different games were examined. In Experiment 1, the effect of two SS induction techniques on the decisions of the Ultimatum Game (UG) and Dictator Game (DG) was compared. In Experiment 2, the effect of SS on the same games, including Social Value Orientation (SVO) and Subjective Social Status (SSS) as covariates was analyzed. In Experiment 3, the role of SS, SVO and SSS in the DG and the Dictator Game Taking (DGT) was examined. In the three experiments, it was not found that SS had any effect on the decisions of the games. However, more rejection and negative valence was observed (Exp. 1: p <.001, n2=.72; Exp. 2:p<.001,pn2 =.65) for unfair offers than for fair ones p (Exp. 2: p <.001). Also, pro-social individuals made fairer offers in the DG (Exp. 2: p <.05) and participants offered more money in the DGT than in the DG (Exp. 3: p =.01). Those findings showed that the effect of SS on behavioral responses is not robust, which highlights the need to obtain new experimental evidence to investigate its role in those decisions.

Rural electrification with household wind systems in remote high wind regions Leary, Jon; Schaube, Philipp; Clementi, Luciana Vanesa This paper offers a comparative analysis of small wind electrification programmes targeted at remote sheep farming households in two of the windiest regions of the world, Argentine Patagonia and the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas. Despite comparable environmental conditions and local livelihoods, their impact was vastly different. Insights from socio-technical systems and strategic niche management approaches offered a deeper understanding of the local context and development dynamics, facilitating the identification of the critical success factors that contributed to these two distinct outcomes and finally highlighting those that can inform the design of future such initiatives. The research is based upon a series of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, observational field visits and review of archival sources. The critical factors identified by this case study research include strong and consistent institutional support, investment in robust equipment creation of effective feedback loops from the field and hybridisation. Additionally, a user centred approach that assesses whether small wind is really the right option for each individual household and if so, matches an appropriate energy system to their unique and evolving needs. Finally, empowering users to take on as much responsibility for maintenance as possible by integrating maintenance practices with local culture and ensuring the support of an effective decentralised maintenance network.

“…y crecerá la espiga con el sol proletario”: La izquierda y las huelgas en El Chocón, Neuquén, 1969-1970; “…and the spike shall grow with the proletarian sun": The left and strikes in El Chocón, Neuquén, 1969-1970 Aiziczon, Fernando Cristian Las huelgas en El Chocón fueron las mayores protestas obreras ocurridas en la Patagonia argentina a fines de los años '60. Allí se desarrollaron dos grandes huelgas en las que obreros enfrentaron a la patronal y desafiaron al sindicato alarmando a ambos no solamente por la magnitud de las obras afectadas o por las simpatías que desplegaba en la población, sino también porque los referentes de la huelga eran militantes del Partido Comunista. En este sentido, tuvieron su particular lectura desde diversas organizaciones de izquierda que lo señalaron como una de las huelgas más ejemplares que enfrentaron la dictadura de Onganía, inscribiéndolo en el derrotero de las experiencias clasistas de la época. Este artículo se enfoca en la interpretación de los comunistas en sus documentos de época, para luego analizar algunas de las producciones de otras organizaciones de izquierda.; The strikes in The Chocón were the largest workers' protests happenned in the Argentinian Patagonia at the end of ´60. Two big strikes developed there, in which the workers confronted the employers and challenged the syndicate, alarming both not only for the magnitude of the civil work affected or the sympathy that they deployed on the people, but also because the referents of the strikes were communists party militants. In this sense, the protests had their particular reading from various leftists organizations that noted it as one of the most exemplary strike that confronted Ongania's dictatorship, registering it among the track record of the classists experiences course of the time. This paper focuses in the communists interpretation in their period`s documents, and then analyze some texts of other leftist’s organizations.

Estrategias de inserción laboral y capital social: Un estudio sobre jóvenes de clases populares en Córdoba, Argentina; Estratégias de inserção laboral e capital social: Um estudo sobre jovens de classes populares em Córdoba, Argentina; Social capital and labor insertion strategies: A study on young individuals from working classes in Cordoba, Argentina Gutiérrez, Alicia Beatriz; Assusa, Gonzalo Este artículo analiza la configuración del capital social en las estrategias laborales de jóvenes de clases populares, tomando como base dos estudios realizados en Córdoba, Argentina, y combinando abordajes cuantitativos y cualitativos. Explicitamos primero nuestra manera de considerar el «capital social» y su funcionamiento en el mundo popular, luego caracterizamos las «clases populares» en el espacio social cordobés, para explicitar diferentes formas de capital social vinculados a las estrategias laborales: endógeno, en redes entre pares y hacia el interior de un barrio; exógeno, en redes construidas con agentes de otras posiciones de clase y hacia afuera del barrio; y capital social negativo, asociado a la inclusión en ciertos círculos de sociabilidad.; Este artigo analisa a configuração do capital social nas estratégias laborais dos jovens das classes populares, a partir dos estudos realizados em Córdoba, Argentina, e que combina abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas. Primeiro, explicitamos nossa maneira de considerar o “capital social” e seu funcionamento no mundo popular, logo caracterizamos as “classes populares” no espaço social de Córdoba, para explicitar diferentes formas de capital social vinculadas às estratégias laborais: endógeno, em redes entre pares e para o interior de um bairro; exógeno, em redes construídas com agentes de outras posições de classe e para fora do bairro; e capital social negativo, associado à inclusão em alguns círculos de sociabilidade.; This article analyzes the configuration of social capital in the labor strategies of young individuals from working class, based on two studies carried out in Córdoba, Argentina, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. First, we explain our understanding of "social capital" and its functioning in the world of working classes. Then, we characterize "working classes" in the social space of Cordoba in order to indicate different forms of social capital linked to labor strategies: endogenous, in networks between peers into the neighborhood, and exogenous, in networks established with agents from other social classes to outside the neighborhood, and negative social capital, associated with inclusion in certain circles of sociability.

Optimized aqueous extracts of maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) suitable for powder production Garrido Makinistian, Francisco Manuel; Sette, Paula Andrea; Gallo, Loreana Carolina; Bucala, Veronica; Salvatori, Daniela Marisol The aim of this work was to obtain powders rich in bioactive compounds from maqui berry aqueous extracts by spray drying. First, the process parameters of the maquiaqueous extraction were optimized. The optimal operating conditions were found using an experimental Box Behnken design with three factors: solvent/fruit ratio (2:1, 3.5:1and 5:1), extraction temperature (25, 50 and 75°C) and extraction time (30, 75 and 120 min). Soluble solids content, monomeric anthocyanin content (ACY), totalpolyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity in the liquid extracts were analyzed as key responses to find the optimal extraction conditions. Secondly, the best aqueous extract (solvent/fruit ratio - 2:1; extraction temperature - 75°C and extraction time - 75 min) was subjected to spray drying. The effects of different drying adjuvants (maltodextrin, colloidal silicon dioxide, arabic gum, and microcrystalline cellulose) on the powders flow properties, the process yield (PY), the bioactive compounds contentand the superficial color were studied. The product based on colloidal silicon dioxide presented the best powder properties: excellent flowability (α: 30.4±0.7°, CI:8.0±1.7%), adequate moisture content (4.9±0.3%),very good PY (70±1%), high ACY (1528±41 mg cy-3glu/100 g of powder) and TPC (3936±132 mg GAE/100 g of powder), and a purple hue. This maqui powderoffers valuable properties that allow its use, among other applications, as a functional ingredient, natural colorant and nutraceutical product.

La huelga de 1966 en el Puerto de Buenos Aires: ¿Caso excepcional de resistencia o preludio de la radicalización?; The 1966 port strike in Buenos Aires: An exceptional case of resistance or a prelude for growing radicalization? Mangiantini, Martín Ezequiel El trabajo aborda la huelga acaecida en el puerto de Buenos Aires entre los meses de octubre y diciembre de 1966 en los inicios de la autodenominada Revolución Argentina convirtiéndose en el punto de partida de una política de racionalización empresarial por parte del onganiato. Si bien los resultados del conflicto son factibles de ser caracterizados como adversos para sus protagonistas se sostiene que, en perspectiva, su derrotero anticipó un considerable abanico de elementos que se identificaron con claridad tras las jornadas de mayo de 1969 en el marco del proceso de radicalización político-ideológica identificable con el conjunto de fenómenos externalizados tras el Cordobazo.; The article addresses the strike at the port of Buenos Aires between the months of October and December 1966 during the beginning of the dictatorship of Onganía. This conflict became the beginning of a business rationalization defended by the government. The result of the conflict was negative for workers. However, its characteristics anticipated some elements which can be identified more certainly after May of 1969, during the political and ideological radicalization process that was lived with the denominated Cordobazo.

A social-ecological approach to identify and quantify biodiversity tipping points in South America’s seasonal dry ecosystems Thonicke, Kirsten; Langerwisch, Fanny; Baumann, Matthias; Leitão, Pedro J.; Václavík, Tomáš; Alencar, Anne; Simões, Margareth; Scheiter, Simon; Langan, Liam; Bustamante, Mercedes; Gasparri, Nestor Ignacio; Hirota, Marina; Börner, Jan; Rajao, Raoni; Soares Filho, Britaldo; Yanosky, Alberto; Ochoa Quinteiro, José Manuel; Seghezzo, Lucas; Conti, Georgina; de la Vega Leiner, Anne Cristina ropical dry forests and savannas harbour unique biodiversity and provide critical ES, yet they are under severe pressure globally. We need to improve our understanding of how and when this pressure provokes tipping points in biodiversity and the associated social-ecological systems. We propose an approach to investigate how drivers leading to natural vegetation decline trigger biodiversity tipping and illustrate it using the example of the Dry Diagonal in South America, an understudied deforestation frontier. The Dry Diagonal represents the largest continuous area of dry forests and savannas in South America, extending over three million km² across Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. Natural vegetation in the Dry Diagonal has been undergoing large-scale transformations for the past 30 years due to massive agricultural expansion and intensification. Many signs indicate that natural vegetation decline has reached critical levels. Major research gaps prevail, however, in our understanding of how these transformations affect the unique and rich biodiversity of the Dry Diagonal, and how this affects the ecological integrity and the provisioning of ES that are critical both for local livelihoods and commercial agriculture.

Assessing interactions, predicting function, and increasing degradation potential of a PAH-degrading bacterial consortium by effect of an inoculant strain Macchi, Marianela; Festa, Sabrina; Vega Vela, Nelson E.; Morelli, Irma Susana; Coppotelli, Bibiana Marina A natural phenanthrene-degrading consortium CON was inoculated with an exogenous strain Sphingobium sp. (ex Sp. paucimobilis) 20006FA yielding the consortium called I-CON, in order to study ecological interactions into the bacterial community. DGGE and proteomic profiles and analyses by HTS (High-Throughput Sequencing) technologies demonstrated inoculant establishment and changes on CON composition. Inoculation increased degradation efficiency in I-CON and prevented intermediate HNA accumulation. This could be explained not only by the inoculation, but also by enrichment in Achromobacter genus at expense of a decrease in Klebsiella genus. After inoculation, cooperation between Sphingobium and Achromobacter genera were improved, thereby, some competition could have been generated, and as a consequence, species in minor proportion (cheaters), as Inquilinus sp. and Luteibacter sp., were not detected. Sequences of Sphingobium (corresponding to the inoculated strain) did not vary. PICRUSt predicted a network with bacterial phylotypes connected with enzymes, showing functional redundancy in the phenanthrene pathway, with exception of the first enzymes biphenyl-2,3-diol 1,2-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase that were only encoded in Sphingobium sp. This is the first report where a natural consortium that has been characterized by HTS technologies is inoculated with an exogenous strain in order to study competitiveness and interactions.

Synthetic amplitude for improved reconstruction of noniterative phase holograms Velez Zea, Alejandro; Torroba, Roberto Daniel In this paper, we show how a specially designed synthetic amplitude can be used to obtain greatly improved reconstruction of objects only using the phase data of their Fourier or Fresnel transforms. The reconstruction of objects from phase-only information is of interest because phase modulation has much higher efficiency than amplitude modulation and can be achieved with a high degree of precision with current liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulators. However, direct reconstruction of an object from its phase information usually results in severely degraded outputs. Due to this issue, to achieve optimal reconstruction, the object information must be codified in a phase hologram by means of time-consuming algorithms. To avoid these kinds of algorithms, we propose using a synthetic amplitude, designed in such a way that, when multiplied with the phase information of the object, leads to high-quality reconstruction. This synthetic amplitude contains no information about the object and can be used to reconstruct a number of different inputs without further processing. We present experiments carried out in virtual and actual optical systems verifying the validity of our proposal for 2D, 3D, and dynamic scenes.

Sleep accelerates re-stabilization of human declarative memories Moyano, Malen Daiana; Diekelmann, Susanne; Pedreira, Maria Eugenia; Forcato, Cecilia Consolidated memories can return to a labile state upon presentation of a reminder, followed by a period of re-stabilization known as reconsolidation. This period can take several hours, and if an amnesic agent (e.g. new learning) is administered inside the time window of reconsolidation (when the memory is still labile) the memory is impaired, whereas the memory remains unaffected if the amnesic agent is administered outside this time window. Sleep plays a fundamental role in the consolidation and integration of new memories, and recently sleep has also been implicated in memory reconsolidation. Here, we studied the role of sleep in accelerating the reconsolidation time window. On day 1, participants learned a list of syllable-pairs (List 1). On day 2, they received a reminder, followed by interference learning (List 2) administered either after 90 min of wakefulness, after 90 min of sleep, or after 10 h of wakefulness. On day 3, participants had to recall List 1 first, followed by List 2, and we assessed the Retrieval-Induced-Forgetting Effect (RIF) on List 2 as a measure of List 1 memory stability. We found that the 90 min sleep group showed an intact RIF effect similar to the 10 h wake group, reflecting stable List 1 memory after 90 min of sleep and after 10 h of wakefulness. However, the RIF effect was absent after 90 min of wakefulness, suggesting that the List 1 memory was still labile at that time. Moreover, the RIF effect in the 90 min sleep group was associated with power density in the slow oscillation frequency band (0.5–1 Hz) during SWS and S2. These findings suggest that 90 min of sleep accelerate memory re-stabilization after reminder presentation, shortening the reconsolidation time window and protecting the memory against subsequent interference. This rapid memory re-stabilization may depend on slow oscillation activity during NREM sleep.

Armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Miocene of southern Pampas and its palaeobiogeographical implications Bogan, Sergio; Agnolin, Federico Armored catfishes are grouped within the clade Loricariidae. They are typically Brazilian freshwater fishes that show a high taxonomic diversity in South America and are distributed from Costa Rica to Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The aim of the present contribution is to describe an isolated pectoral spine of a loricariid coming from Late Miocene beds of southern Pampas, at Buenos Aires province, Argentina. This record constitutes the first finding of a fish in the Chasicó area, Arenas Blancas fossiliferous site, and is located far from the current geographical range of loricariids. The finding of a loricariid is congruent with the idea of a warm climate and the possibility that southern paleobasins of Pampas and northern Patagonia were hydrographically connected with paleobasins that hold Brazilian freshwater fishes.

Stratigraphical distribution of the Ordovician graptolite Azygograptus Nicholson & Lapworth in the Central Andean Basin (northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia); Distribution stratigraphique du graptolite ordovicien Azygograptus Nicholson & Lapworth du Bassin andin central (Nord-Ouest de l'Argentine et Sud de la Bolivie) Toro, Blanca Azucena; Herrera Sánchez, Nexxys Carolina We analyzed new occurrences of Azygograptus lapworthi from the Cordillera Oriental, Argentina. The bearer sandstones levels, corresponding to the Acoite Formation, are overlying the deposits, in which the Didymograptellus bifidus Biozone (Lower Ordovician, upper Floian, Fl3) was previously recognized, and are overlain by younger pelitic levels yielding Xiphograptus lofuensis (Middle Ordovician, early Dapingian, Dp2). Previous records from the Central Andean Basin are also reviewed in detail and accurately correlated, allowing us to conclude that the Azygograptus lapworthi Biozone corresponds to the Middle Ordovician (lower Dapingian, Dp1). This biostratigraphic framework documents that the transition between the Lower and Middle Ordovician deposits occurs in the uppermost levels of the Acoite Formation in the Argentine Cordillera Oriental. It is additionally integrated with up to date conodont records to establish a high-resolution regional correlation, with equivalent deposits from the Puna of northwestern Argentina and Cordillera Oriental of Bolivia, and to discuss new insights for global correlation.; Les dépôts de la formation d’Acoite ont révélé un enregistrement de Azygograptus lapworthi dans la cordillère orientale d’Argentine. Ces niveaux surplombent des dépôts déjà identifiés comme appartenant à la biozone à Didymograptellus bifidus (Ordovicien inférieur). Ils sont recouverts par des dépôts plus récents, incluant Xiphograptus lofuensis (Ordovicien moyen, Dapingien précoce). Les anciens registres du Bassin andin central sont, de plus, revus en détail et précisément corrélés régionalement, ce qui nous autorise à conclure que la biozone à Azygograptus lapworthi correspond à l’Ordovicien moyen (Dapingien, Dp1). Ce schéma biostratigraphique indique que la transition entre les dépôts de l’Ordovicien inférieur et moyen se déroule, dans la cordillère orientale d’Argentine, dans les niveaux les plus supérieurs de la formation d’Acoite. De plus, les registres récents de conodontes permettent d’établir une corrélation régionale à haute résolution avec les dépôts équivalents de la Puna, dans le Nord-Ouest de l’Argentine, et de la cordillère orientale de Bolivie, ainsi que de discuter de nouvelles propositions de corrélations globales.

Gas-phase degradation of 2-butanethiol initiated by OH radicals and Cl atoms: Kinetics, product yields and mechanism at 298 K and atmospheric pressure Cardona, Alejandro L.; Gibilisco, Rodrigo Gastón; Blanco, Maria Belen; Wiesen, Peter; Teruel, Mariano Andres Relative rate coefficients and product distribution of the reaction of 2-butanethiol (2butSH) with OH radicals and Cl atoms were obtained at atmospheric pressure and 298 K. The experiments were performed in a 480 L borosilicate glass photoreactor in synthetic air coupled to a long path "in situ" FTIR spectrometer. The rate coefficients obtained by averaging the values from different experiments were: kOH = (2.58 ± 0.21) × 10-11 cm3 per molecule per s and kCl = (2.49 ± 0.19) × 10-10 cm3 per molecule per s. The kinetic values were compared with related alkyl thiols and homologous alkyl alcohols, where it was found that thiols react faster with both oxidants, OH radicals and Cl atoms. SO2 and 2-butanone were the major products identified for the reactions of 2-butanethiol with OH radicals and Cl atoms. The product yield of the reaction of 2-butanethiol and OH radicals were (81 ± 2)%, and (42 ± 1)% for SO2 and 2-butanone, respectively. For the reactions of 2-butanethiol with Cl atom, yields of SO2 and 2-butanone were (59 ± 2)% and (39 ± 2)%, respectively. A degradation mechanism was proposed for the pathways that leads to formation of identified products. The product distribution observed indicated that the H-atom of the S-H group abstraction channel is the main pathway for the reaction of OH radicals and Cl atoms with 2-butanethiol.