Cuando el árbol cubre al bosque. Sobre la despolitización de la naturaleza en las áreas naturales protegidas; Losing sight of the forest for the trees. About the depoliticization of nature in protected natural areas Gomitolo, Mercedes Sofía; Ferrero, Brián Germán En el presente artículo recorremos ciertos modos de problematización teórica que ponen en tensión la relación naturaleza– política con el fin de contribuir a los debates respecto a la conservación de la naturaleza. Nuestro presupuesto es que las áreas naturales protegidas se constituyen en base a despolitizar las relaciones sociales y el territorio, postulando una noción de naturaleza deslindada de los vínculos políticos. Este posicionamiento solapa la proliferación de problemáticas ambientales, a la vez que sostiene una fragmentación del espacio. De acuerdo con lo dicho, en primer lugar, discutimos las nociones de naturaleza presentes en las políticas de conservación en Argentina, considerando a la naturaleza como emergente de determinados ordenamientos históricos y sociales. En un segundo lugar, presentamos perspectivas que profundizan en las relaciones entre Estado y naturaleza, para esto analizamos ciertos enfoques que abordan las formas contemporáneas en que la naturaleza es despolitizada. Finalmente, planteamos diversas modalidades y arenas de repolitización de la naturaleza, y los interrogantes que generan.; In this article, we will explore certain modes of theoretical problematization which bring the relationship between nature and politics into conflict, in order to contribute to the debates on nature conservation. We consider that protected areas are based on depoliticizing social relationships and territory, postulating a notion of a demarcated nature of political ties. This positioning undermines the proliferation of environmental problems while sustaining a fragmentation of space. According to what was said, firstly, we will discuss notions of nature given in conservation policies in Argentina, considering nature as emerging from certain social and historical orders. Secondly, we will present perspectives that deepen the relations between State and nature. Here, we will analyze certain approaches that address the contemporary forms in which nature is depoliticized. Lastly, we will propose different forms and areas of repoliticization of nature, and the questions that this generates.

El granero ¿de dónde y de qué? De los granos de trigo al poroto de soja en Puerto Quequén (1970 - 2010); Does the barn, of where and what? Since wheat grains to soybeans in Puerto Quequén (1970-2010) Mateo, Jose Antonio A principios del siglo XIX, al entorno rural de la ciudad de Buenos Aires se le llamaba “el granero de la provincia”; ya a finales de ese siglo y a principios del siguiente, a la Argentina se la conocía como “el granero del mundo”, rótulos ganados gracias a productos como el trigo y, sobre todo, el maíz. En este trabajo analizamos, a partir del tráfico comercial de Puerto Quequén, el “qué” y el “para quién”, es decir los productos y el destino de la exportación de lo producido en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires en los últimos 40 años. Para ello contamos con una serie completa de datos acerca de las embarcaciones que recalaron en este puerto entre esos años aportados por la Prefectura desde 1970 a 2012 y la Aduana de Puerto Quequén desde 1970 a 1995. Además, disponemos de los registros del Consorcio de Gestión de Puerto Quequén desde 1994 a 2012. Completamos la información con datos publicados por el Estado Argentino.; In the early nineteenth century, the rural environment of the city of Buenos Aires was called “granary of the province”. Later in that century and early XXI Argentina was proclaimed the “breadbasket of the world”. This paper analyzes from Puerto Quequén commercial traffic, the “what” and "for whom", ie products and destination of exports of what produced in the southeast of the province of Buenos Aires in the last 40 years. For this we have a complete set of data on vessels to sight land at this port during those years provided by the Prefectura from 1970-2012 and the Aduana de Puerto Quequén from 1970 to 1995. We also have records of the Consorcio de Gestión de Puerto Quequén from 1994 to 2012. We completed the information with data published by the Argentine government.

Geografía de la educación: emergencia de un tema bajo la mirada del análisis espacial; Geography of education: an emerging subject under the spatial analysis view Montes Galbán, Eloy José El presente documento sistematiza aspectos de la investigación en Geografía de la Educación desde el enfoque de la Geografía cuantitativa, con fundamentos epistemológicos empirista (como variable gnoseológica) – realista (como variable ontológica). Se demuestra cómo se puede abordar la dimensión socioeducativa desde los conceptos fundamentales de la Geografía, operacionalizados a través del análisis espacial cuantitativo. Se proponen las “Fases de la Estructura Diacrónica de la Investigación” como secuencia de desarrollo investigativo que permite organizar programas y proyectos en la referida temática.; The aim of this paper work is to systematize the research on Geography of Education through the quantitative geography approach, epistemologically based on empiricism (as a gnoseological variable) – realism (as an ontological variable). It is demonstrated how is it possible to focus on the socio educative dimension from the basic geography concepts, operationalized through the quantitative spatial analysis. There are proposed the “Phases of the Diachronic Structure of Research” as a sequence of research development which allows to organize programs and projects on the referred subject.

¿La cultura está en otra parte? Acerca de prácticas y consumos culturales en ciudades pequeñas y grandes de la Argentina Moguillansky, Marina; Fischer, Melina Andrea Los estudios de consumos culturales tienden a presentar cierta ficción teórica en la que se supone que un individuo elige dentro de un abanico de opciones fijas e independientes de su contexto urbano. Aquí nos proponemos explorar la importancia del contexto sociocultural en la estructuración de las prácticas de consumo cultural. En base a entrevistas con residentes de ciudades pequeñas y grandes, exploramos cómo perciben la oferta cultural de sus ciudades y qué estrategias despliegan para acceder a prácticas y consumos que no están disponibles. Así, mostramos que el consumo cultural tiende a construirse a través de sociabilidades, en forma interdependiente con el contexto urbano y atravesado por desencuentros entre deseos y posibilidades concretas.; Studies of cultural consumption tend to present a certain theoretical fiction in which an individual is supposed to choose within a range of fixed and independent cultural options, not affected or connecter to urban context. In this article, we aim to explore the importance of sociocultural context in structuring cultural consumption practices. Based on interviews with residents of small and large cities, we analyze how they perceive the cultural offer of their cities and what strategies they deploy to access practices and consumption that are not immediately available. Thus, we show that cultural consumption tends to be constructed through sociabilities, in strong dependence with the urban context and shaped by disagreements between desires and concrete possibilities.

El Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (1956-1966); The National Institute of Agrarian Technology (1956-1966) Ivickas Magallan, Maximiliano La dinámica de las transformaciones en las sociedades capitalistas latinoamericanas, adquirió un impulso destacado en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. La modernización se convirtió en una de las premisas centrales del nuevo orden institucional. Así lo señalaban las propuestas de la Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL), creada en 1948. En la Argentina, el derrocamiento de Juan Domingo Perón en 1955 abrió un nuevo paréntesis en el ejercicio de la práctica democrática, pero también abrió el debate acerca de los posibles caminos que debía tomar el país para alcanzar el desarrollo económico. El sector agropecuario, por su gravitación en la economía nacional, ocupó un lugar destacado en las discusiones de la época. Este trabajo propone abordar el surgimiento del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria y su actuación entre 1956 y 1966, para conocer su organización interna, las instituciones que lo antecedieron y los proyectos de modernización y desarrollo para el agro argentino.; The dynamic of transformations in Latin American capitalist cities acquired a distinct impulse throughout the second half of the 20th century. Modernization became one of the central premises of the new institucional order. It was described in this way by the proposals from the Economic Commission for Latin America (CEPAL), created in 1948. In Argentina, the overthrow of Juan Domingo Perón in 1955 opened up a new parenthesis in the execution of democratic practice, but it opened up as well the debate about the possible paths that the country had to take in order to achieve economic development. The agrarian sector, because of its gravitation in the nacional economy, occupied a distinct place in the time’s discussions. This paper aims to take on the emergence of the National Institute of Agrarian Technology and its performance between 1956 and 1966, to get to know its internal organization, the institutions which preceded it and the projects for modernization and development of the Argentine agrarian industry.

Estrategias cognitivas de regulación emocional y síntomas de depresión en estudiantes universitarios: diferencias por género y tipo de carrera. Resultados preliminares; Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms in college students: differences by gender and type of career. Preliminary results Andrés, María Laura; Rodriguez Espinola, Solange Sylvia; Rodríguez Cáceres, María Felicitas Existen diferencias de género en la frecuencia de uso de estrategias cognitivas de regulación emocional (EC-RE). Estudios recientes sugieren que el tipo de ocupación que las personas desempeñan posee influencia sobre su estilo cognitivo más allá de su género, por lo que es posible que las diferencias en las EC-RE sean mejor explicadas por el tipo de carrera que por el género. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar si el efecto del género sobre la frecuencia de uso de EC-RE se modifica cuando se introduce el tipo de carrera como factor explicativo y analizar si las relaciones de estas estrategias con los síntomas de depresión son similares en ambos tipos de carrera. Se evaluó a un grupo de varones y mujeres que cursaban Psicología e Ingeniería (n=40) en las variables mencionadas. Los resultados indicaron que el tipo de carrera mostró una tendencia a resultar un factor de influencia de mayor capacidad explicativa que el género para la EC-RE rumiación, en el sentido de que los estudiantes de Psicología informaron mayor uso de la rumiación que los de Ingeniería. En ambos grupos de estudiantes, el sentido de asociación entre la rumiación y la depresión fue similar (positivo) aunque no significativo. La rumiación y la distracción resultaron predictores de los síntomas de depresión para toda la muestra.; There are gender differences in the frequency of use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CER-S). Recent studies suggest that the type of occupation that people play has influence on their cognitive style beyond gender, so it is possible that differences in the CER-S are best explained by the type of career that gender. The aim of this study was to examine whether the effect of gender on the frequency of use of CER-S is modified when the type of career is introduced as an explanatory factor and analyze whether these strategies relationships with depressive symptoms are similar in both types of career. We evaluated a group of men and women studing Psychology and Engineering (n=40) in these variables. The results indicated that the type of career tended to be an influential factor with greater explanatory power than gender in the CER-S rumination, in the sense that Psychology students reported greater use of rumination than Engineering students. In both groups of students, the sense of the association between rumination and depression was similar (positive) but not significant. Rumination and distraction were predictors of depressive symptoms for the entire sample.

De La dama duende a The Phantom Lady: Calderón de la Barca en el mundo angloparlante Ortiz Rodríguez, Mayra Samanta Los propósitos de este artículo son: i) analizar las discontinuidades léxicas y los “énfasis” que exhiben los “cánones” empleados en la versión inglesa de La dama duende de Calderón de la Barca, realizada por Edwin Honig en 1961; ii) comentar acerca de las “aclaraciones” y las elipsis sobre referencias a elementos culturales españoles y el uso de topónimos, aspectos que podrían resultar “confusos” a “la mirada foránea”; iii) describir el “nuevo capital simbólico” construido por Honig quien, basándose en aspectos intrínsecos a la cultura española, ejerce su agencia cultural multiplicando “panoramas ficcionales” tanto para las letras españolas como en el ámbito de la cultura angloparlante. Con la primera “traducción reconocida” de esta obra, Honig produjo una versión que tributa el linaje de La dama duende, coherente con respecto a la “pieza original”, aunque desmitificando la “ilusión de transparencia”.; This article aims at: i) Analyzing lexical discontinuities and the “emphases” exhibited by the “canons” employed in the English version of Calderón de la Barca’s La dama duende, as produced by Edwin Honig in 1961’s The Phantom Lady; ii) Commenting on “explications” and ellipses of references to the Spanish culture, as well as of the use of place names, which prove confusing to the “foreign reader”; iii) Describing the “new symbolic capital” provided by Honig who, on the basis of intrinsically Spanish elements, becomes a cultural agent, through the diversification of “fictional points of view” both amid Spanish Literature and within the Anglophone culture. With the first “recognized translation” of this piece, Honig is paying tribute to La dama duende’s literary lineage, through a version that is coherent to “the original” even though it breaks with the “illusion of transparence” myth.

Estudio de la secuencia sedimentaria de la localidad arqueológica Cerros de Boari (Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos); Study of sedimentary sequence of the Cerros de Boari archaeological locality (Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos) Castro, Juan Carlos; Castiñeira Latorre, Carola En el río Uruguay inferior en la provincia de Entre Ríos (Argentina) los estudios arqueológicos de alta resolución sobre el origen y la evolución de los montículos o "cerritos" son muy recientes. En este marco se presentan y discuten los resultados de los estudios geoarqueológicos y cronológicos realizados en la localidad arqueológica Cerros de Boari, conformada por tres montículos: Cerro de Boari 1, 2 y 3, emplazados sobre un albardón paralelo a la margen izquierda del río Gualeguaychú. El análisis de la secuencia estratigráfica de los montículos permitió identificar dos sistemas depositacionales con caracteres texturales y composicionales claramente distinguibles. Un sistema natural de depositación fluvial que generó el albardón, constituido por depósitos Areno fangosos, Areno limosos a Limo arenosos y arqueológicamente estíriles; y otro sistema de origen y evolución antrópica constituido por una sucesión de depósitos Areno fangosos ligeramente gravillosos con alto contenido de materia orgánica e innumerables vestigios arqueológicos. Los resultados cronológicos obtenidos para los depósitos basales del sistema depositacional antrópico permitieron reconocer que en la localidad arqueológica Cerros de Boari la arquitectura en tierra con fines domísticos y funerarios data de aproximadamente 2000 años AP, constituyendo uno de los registros más tempranos para el Nordeste argentino.; In the Lower Uruguay River (Entre Ríos Province, Argentina), the high-resolution archaeological studies on the origin and evolution of earth mounds (locally called "cerritos") are very recent. In this context, the aim of this article is to present and discuss the results of the geoarchaeological and chronological studies developed in the Cerros de Boari archaeological locality, characterized by three mounds: Cerro de Boari 1, 2 and 3, linked to the Gualeguaychú River. The stratigraphic sequence of the mounds allowed identifying two depositational systems with distinguishable textural and compositional characters. A natural system of fluvial deposition that generated the ridge, constituted by sandy mud deposits, sandy silt to sandy and archaeologically sterile; and another system of anthropic origin and evolution constituted by a succession of slightly gravelly sandy mud deposits with high content of organic matter and archaeological vestiges. The chronological results obtained for the basal deposits of the anthropic depositational system allowed recognizing that in the Cerros de Boari locality, the earth architecture destined to domestic and ritual activities dates back approximately 2000 years BP, constituting one of the earliest records in the Northeast of Argentina.

Lo complejo en las problemáticas ambientales: propuestas epistemológicas y conservación de la biodiversidad; Complexity in environmental issues: Epistemological proposals and biodiversity conservation Klier, Gabriela Ruth; Busan, Tomás Emilio; Di Pasquo, Federico Martín Las problemáticas ambientales han abierto grietas sobre los modos de pensar, conocer y actuar sobre nuestro entorno. En una de estas aberturas se ha filtrado la noción de complejidad. La complejidad aparece tanto en propuestas epistemológicas, como las aquí analizadas de Rolando García, Enrique Leff y Edgar Morin, como una matriz para el abordaje de lo ambiental, así como también al seno de las ciencias naturales. Particularmente, la biología de la conservación ha integrado la "mirada compleja" en su meta por conservar la biodiversidad. Ahora bien, ¿qué distancias y cercanías aparecen entre estas "complejidades"? El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en caracterizar las visiones de la complejidad en Leff, García y Morín y contrastar estas tres aproximaciones con las bases teóricas y supuestos epistemológicos de la biología de conservación, examinando las relaciones que se presentan entre problemáticas ambientales y ciencias. Para ello, nuestra aproximación al problema considerado descansará en un análisis pormenorizado de la bibliografía específica. El trabajo se encuentra pues organizado en seis secciones, en la primera se caracterizará la aproximación a los "sistemas complejos" de García, en la segunda se indagará sobre la noción de "pensamiento complejo" en Morín, en la tercera veremos la mirada de Leff sobre la "complejidad ambiental"?, en cuarto lugar esbozaremos unas conclusiones parciales de lo visto para luego presentar la complejidad en la biología de la conservación. Por último concluiremos sobre los nexos entre las "complejidades" analizadas.; Environmental issues have fractured our ways of thinking, knowing and acting. From these fissures, the notion of complexity has emerged. Complexity appears in the epistemological proposals of Rolando Garcia, Enrique Leff and Edgar Morin as a matrix for addressing environmental issues, as well as in natural sciences in general. Particularly, conservation biology has integrated this “complex” view into its goal to preserve biodiversity. Now, what distances and proximities appear between these “complexities”? The purpose of this paper is to characterize the complexity perspectives in Leff, Garcia and Morin, and to contrast such approaches with the theoretical and epistemological assumptions of conservation biology, examining their relationships and trying to establish a common horizon between those epistemological proposals and the environmental sciences.

Measurement of the tt¯Z and tt¯W production cross sections in multilepton final states using 3.2 fb−1 of pp collisions at s√ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdinov, O.; Alconada Verzini, María Josefina; Alonso, Francisco; Arduh, Francisco Anuar; Dova, Maria Teresa; Monticelli, Fernando Gabriel; Wahlberg, Hernan Pablo; Bossio Sola, Jonathan David; Marceca, Gino; Otero y Garzon, Gustavo Javier; Piegaia, Ricardo Nestor; Sacerdoti, Sabrina; Zibell. A.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, S.; Zinonos, Z.; Zinser, M.; Ziolkowski, M.; Živković, L.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Nedden, M. zur; Zurzolo, G.; Zwalinski, L.; The ATLAS Collaboration A measurement of the t t  ̄ Z and t t  ̄ W production cross sections in final states with either two same-charge muons, or three or four leptons (electrons or muons) is presented. The analysis uses a data sample of proton?proton collisions at s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb −1 . The inclusive cross sections are extracted using likelihood fits to signal and control regions, resulting in σ t t  ̄ Z = 0.9 ± 0.3 pb and σ t t  ̄ W = 1.5 ± 0.8 pb, in agreement with the Standard Model predictions.

Global Application of the Assessment of Communication Skills of Paediatric Endocrinology Fellows in the Management of Differences in Sex Development Using the ESPE E-Learning.Org Portal Kranenburg, Laura J.C.; Reerds, Sam T.H.; Cools, Martine; Alderson, Julie; Muscarella, Miriam; Magrite, Ellie; Kuiper, Martijn; Abdelgaffar, Shereen; Balsamo, Antonio; Brauner, Raja; Chanoine, Jean Pierre; Deeb, Asma; Fechner, Patricia; German, Alina; Holterhus, Paul Martin; Juul, Anders; Mendonca, Berenice B.; Neville, Kristen; Nordenstrom, Anna; Oostdijk, Wilma; Rey, Rodolfo Alberto; Rutter, Meilan M.; Shah, Nalini; Luo, Xiaoping; Grijpink, Kalinka; Drop, Stenvert L.S. Background: Information sharing in chronic conditions such as disorders of/differences in sex development (DSD) is essential for a comprehensive understanding by parents and patients. We report on a qualitative analysis of communication skills of fellows undergoing training in paediatric endocrinology. Guidelines are created for the assessment of communication between health professionals and individuals with DSD and their parents. Methods: Paediatric endocrinology fellows worldwide were invited to study two interactive online cases (www.espe-elearning.org) and to describe a best practice communication with (i) the parents of a newborn with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and (ii) a young woman with 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis. The replies were analysed regarding completeness, quality, and evidence of empathy. Guidelines for structured assessment of responses were developed by 22 senior paediatric endocrinologists worldwide who assessed 10 selected replies. Consensus of assessors was established and the evaluation guidelines were created. Results: The replies of the fellows showed considerable variation in completeness, quality of wording, and evidence of empathy. Many relevant aspects of competent clinical communication were not mentioned; 15% (case 1) and 17% (case 2) of the replies were considered poor/insufficient. There was also marked variation between 17 senior experts in the application of the guidelines to assess communication skills. The guidelines were then adjusted to a 3-level assessment with empathy as a separate key item to better reflect the qualitative differences in the replies and for simplicity of use by evaluators. Conclusions: E-learning can play an important role in assessing communication skills. A practical tool is provided to assess how information is shared with patients with DSD and their families and should be refined by all stakeholders, notably interdisciplinary health professionals and patient representatives.

Adaptive metabolic rewiring to chronic SFK inhibition Pinedo Carpio, Edgar; Davidson, David; Martinez Marignac, Veronica Lucrecia; Panasci, Justin; Aloyz, Raquel Src family kinases (SFK) are key regulators of cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, motility and angiogenesis. As such, SFK inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials to prevent metastasis as an alternative to current treatment regimens for a variety of cancers including breast cancer. To contribute to the development of molecular tools improving SFK-targeted therapies, we used the SFK inhibitor dasatinib and a well characterized triple negative breast cancer cell line (BT20). Comparison of the response of BT20 cells with acquired resistance to dasatinib and its? parental counterpart suggest that chronic exposure to SFK inhibition results in increased dependency on TGFβ signaling for proliferation, both in the absence or the presence of dasatinib. In addition, we found that acquired (but not de novo) resistance to dasatinib was reduced by non-cytotoxic concentrations compounds hindering on PI3K, mTORC1 signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress or autophagy.

Does the pelletization pressure modify the effective anisotropy of the grains in (Bi,Pb)2223 bulk system? Cruz-García, A.; Altshuler, E.; Fernández Gamboa, J. R.; Jardim, R.F.; Vázquez Robaina, Odin; Muné, P. In this paper we present a new method to determine separately inter and intragranular magnitudes of polycrystalline superconducting materials, such as: intrinsic effective anisotropy, t= ρc/ ρa b, the slope of the linear part in the temperature dependence of the ab-planes resistivity, Aa b= Δ ρa b/ Δ T, the weak links resistivity, ρw l, and the orientation probability of the grains’ a-axes along a certain preferential direction, γx a. Here, ρa b, ρc and T are the main values of the resistivitity tensor and the measurement temperature, respectively. The application of the method, illustrated by two (Bi,Pb)2223 polycrystalline samples, allows comparing the parameters obtained for the grains with those reported in single crystals. Moreover, we have demonstrated that different compacting pressures in the fabrication of the pellets change not only the inter, but also the intragranular properties of the ceramics. The method could be used to follow the different steps during the synthesis of polycrystalline high Tc superconductors in order to optimise the process.

The sunflower transcription factor HaHB11 confers tolerance to water deficit and salinity to transgenic Arabidopsis and alfalfa plants Cabello, Julieta Virginia; Giacomelli, Jorge Ignacio; Gómez, María C.; Chan, Raquel Lia Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors are unique to the plant kingdom; members of subfamily I are known to be involved in abiotic stress responses. HaHB11 belongs to this subfamily and it was previously shown that it is able to confer improved yield and tolerance to flooding via a quiescent strategy. Here we show that HaHB11 expression is induced by ABA, NaCl and water deficit in sunflower seedlings and leaves. Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing HaHB11, controlled either by its own promoter or by the constitutive 35S CaMV, presented rolled leaves and longer roots than WT when grown under standard conditions. In addition, these plants showed wider stems and more vascular bundles. To deal with drought, HaHB11 transgenic plants closed their stomata faster and lost less water than controls, triggering an enhanced tolerance to such stress condition and also to salinity stress. Concomitantly, ABA-synthesis and sensing related genes were differentially regulated in HaHB11 transgenic plants. Either under long-term salinity stress or mild drought stress, HaHB11 transgenic plants did not exhibit yield penalties. Moreover, alfalfa transgenic plants were generated which also showed enhanced drought tolerance. Altogether, the results indicated that HaHB11 was able to confer drought and salinity tolerance via a complex mechanism which involves morphological, physiological and molecular changes.

Environment of 1 ≤ z ≤ 2 MIR selected obscured and unobscured AGNs in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South Bornancini, Carlos Guillermo; Taormina, Mónica Silvia; Garcia Lambas, Diego Rodolfo Context. In unified models, different types of active galaxy nuclei (AGN) correspond to a single class of objects, where their observed differences are solely due to the different orientations of the obscuring material around the central inner regions. Recent studies also show that this obscuring material can even extend at galactic scales due to debris from galaxy interactions and/or mergers. In standard unified models the different AGN types are expected to show similar galaxy environments. Aims. We aim to investigate properties and environment of obscured and unobscured AGNs selected from mid-infrared (MIR) bands from the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC), in order to test the unified model and evolutionary scenarios. Methods. The sample of AGNs was selected from images obtained with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) mounted on the Spitzer Space Telescope, based on their MIR colors centered at wavelengths [3.6], [4.5], [5.8] and [8.0] microns. We selected two samples of AGNs with redshifts in the range 1 ≤ z ≤ 2 and rest-frame absolute magnitudes Mv ≤ -21: obscured and unobscured AGNs by means of a simple optical-MIR color cut criterion (R - [4:5] = 3:05.) Results. We find that obscured AGNs are intrinsically optically faint in the R band, suggesting that luminous IR-selected AGNs have a significant dust extinction. From a cross-correlation with several X-ray surveys, we find that the majority of the AGNs in our sample have X-ray luminosities similar to those found in Seyfert-like galaxies. We study the properties of galaxies surrounding these two samples. Neighbouring galaxies located close to (~200 kpc) obscured AGNs tend to have redder colors, compared to the local environment of unobscured AGNs. Results obtained from a KS test show that the two color distributions are different at ~95% confidence level. We find that obscured AGNs are located in denser local galaxy environments compared to the unobscured AGN sample. Conclusions. Our results suggest that AGN obscuration can occur at galactic scales, possibly due to galaxy interactions or mergers, and that the simple unified model based solely on the local torus orientation may not be sufficient to explain all the observations.

La educación militar en la transición democrática argentina : tensiones entre concepciones tradicionales y reformistas en el contexto de crisis profesional e institucional del Ejército : 1984-1986; The military education in the argentine democratic transition. Tensions between traditional and reformist ideas in the context of professional and institutional crisis of the Army. 1984-1986 Soprano Manzo, Germán Flavio La transición democrática en la Argentina se produjo por el colapso de la última dictadura. Tras la derrota en la Guerra de Malvinas en 1982, las Fuerzas Armadas atravesaron esos años desde una posición de debilidad relativa en la política nacional y como corporaciones del Estado. En particular, el Ejército experimentó una crisis profesional e institucional que amenazaba con romper la cadena de mandos. De hecho ésta se quebró durante los "levantamientos carapintada" en abril de 1987, enero y diciembre de 1988 y diciembre de 1990. La represión a este último terminó con cinco décadas de intervenciones militares en la política y garantizó la subordinación militar al poder civil. Este artículo tiene por objetivo, por un lado, comprender cómo fueron procesados esos conflictos por las autoridades y oficiales del Cuerpo de Cadetes del Colegio Militar de la Nación entre 1984 y 1986, esto es, antes de los "levantamientos carapintada". Y, por otro lado, analizar iniciativas de reforma para adecuar la educación de los cadetes a los cambios producidos en las relaciones civiles-militares y en la sociedad argentina en democracia.; The democratic transition in the Argentina occurred by the collapse of the last dictatorship. After the defeat in the Guerra of Malvinas in 1982, the Armed Forces crossed those years from a position of weakness relative in the political national and as corporations of the State. In particular, the Army experienced a professional and institutional crisis that threatened to break the chain of command. In fact, this is broke during the military rebellions in April of 1987, January and December of 1988 and December of 1990. The repression of this latest rebellion ended with five decades of military interventions in politics and guaranteed military subordination to civilian rule. This article has by objective, on the one hand, understand how were processed those conflicts by the authorities and officers of the Cadets Corps in the National Military College between 1984 and 1986, this is, before military rebellions. And, on the other hand, to analyze reform initiatives to adapt the education of cadets to the changes produced in the civil-military relations and in Argentine society in democracy.

Cryptic species and colonization processes in Ophryotrocha (Annelida, Dorvilleidae) inhabiting vertebrate remains in the shallow-water Mediterranean Taboada, Sergi; Leiva, Carlos; Bas López, Maria; Schult, Nancy; McHugh, Damhnait Over the past several years, there has been growing interest in how bones of decaying mammals are colonized in the marine seabed. One of the most common opportunistic taxa occurring worldwide on bones is dorvilleid polychaetes of the genus Ophryotrocha. In a recent study in the Mediterranean, Ophryotrocha puerilis and Ophryotrocha alborana were two of the most abundant species occurring in experimentally deployed bones. These species have direct development and this makes them a suitable model to study the mechanisms and processes allowing organisms lacking a dispersive larval phase to colonize new substrates. Here, we address the colonization processes at the molecular level for populations of O. puerilis and O. alborana on experimentally deployed mammal bones in the shallow-water Mediterranean collected over a year at 3-month intervals. High genetic distances between some of the O. puerilis organisms collected indicated the occurrence of at least two cryptic sibling species (O. puerilis ‘Shallow’ and O. puerilis ‘Deep’) apart from O. puerilis sensu stricto. This was corroborated with phylogenetic analyses using an alignment of three concatenated genes (COI, 16S, H3) and with species delimitation analyses using COI. The haplotype network inferred from COI sequences for O. puerilis ‘Shallow’ showed a few common haplotypes shared between the two trimesters analysed and several other less represented haplotypes only present in one trimester. Thus, colonization of these experimental bones may have been achieved by a few organisms that arrived to the bones and were able to reseed, and by several individuals arriving to the experimental bones and not persisting across time. In contrast, the haplotype network for O. alborana revealed that none of the haplotypes present in three different trimesters were shared, suggesting that the populations arriving at the bones during each trimester were totally replaced by new individuals during the subsequent trimesters. Our study suggests that different species of shallow-water Ophryotrocha occurring in the Mediterranean may have different patterns of substrate colonization despite sharing similar life histories.

Maternal knowledge and use of galactagogues in andean communities of Cusco, Peru Monteban, Madalena A commonly reported reason for early breastfeeding cessation is inadequate milk production. In response, women across the globe turn to galactagogues – substances used to increase the milk supply. Andean women have traditional knowledge about the medicinal and nutritional properties of plants and animals that are considered good to eat during breastfeeding. This research explores the maintenance and use of galactagogues, and specifically the use of the Andean flicker bird, within the wider framework of breastfeeding and nutrition policies in Peru. To elicit maternal knowledge and use of galactagogues, semi-structured and free-listing interviews were conducted with 33 mothers. Data analysis calculated the frequency and percentage of women reporting each type of galactagogue. In addition, thematic codes and relevant text passages were used in an iterative analytic process to document emerging themes. Identified galactagogues included five plants and six animals. Several galactagogues included protein-rich foods such as lamb meat and the Andean flicker bird. The use of protein-rich galactagogues as solid food is reinforced by public health messages. However, galactagogues in the research communities are usually consumed as soups or drinks, which are less rich in proteins than solid meals. The potential role of liquid galactagogues in the maintenance of appropriate hydration levels during breastfeeding in an environment where safe drinking water is scarce is a new contribution to the existing literature. The results are relevant to the design of maternal and child health policies that comply with intercultural health premises that value and respect the knowledge and practices of Andean Peoples.

La jeunesse rurale en Amérique latine; La juventud rural en América Latina; Rural youth in Latin America Kessler, Gabriel; Nuñez, Pedro Fernando La juventud rural en América Latina ha sido un tema largo tiempo casi invisible para las ciencias sociales y las políticas públicas. Esta situación ha comenzado a cambiar desde mediados de los años ochenta, conformándose un campo de investigación aún incipiente. El artículo es una revisión del estado actual de los trabajos sobre juventud rural en la región, presentando los hallazgos principales de dichas investigaciones así como las principales lagunas que presentan. Los temas tratados son la definición de juventud rural y su identidad, las relaciones familiares y de género, la problemática educativa, el mundo del trabajo, la participación política y social, las migraciones y la temática indígena. Aunque a primera vista, la mayoría de los temas no difieren de los tópicos habituales de los estudios de juventud urbana, los hallazgos marcan las particularidades de estos jóvenes respecto de sus pares urbanos.; La jeunesse rurale en Amérique latine a été longtemps une question presque invisible pour les sciences sociales et les politiques publiques. Cette situation a commencé à changer depuis le milieu des années quatre-vingt, mais il s’agit d’un domaine de recherche encore à ses débuts. L’article est une mise en revue de l’état actuel des recherches sur la jeunesse rurale dans la région, présentant les principales conclusions de celles-ci, ainsi que d’importantes lacunes présentes. Les sujets traités comprennent la définition de la jeunesse rurale et de l’identité, les relations familiales et le genre, les problèmes d’éducation, le travail, la participation politique et sociale, les migrations et les jeunes des peuples originaires. Bien qu’à première vue, la plupart des sujets ne diffèrent pas des thèmes habituels des études sur la jeunesse urbaine, les résultats marquent les particularités de ces jeunes vis-à-vis de leurs pairs urbains.; During long years rural youth in Latin America aroused little interest among social scientists and public policymakers. This situation changed in the mid-1980s, however, when an incipient bibliography appeared and a new field of study began to take shape. This article reviews research in print on rural youth in the region, pointing out both achievements and significant gaps. Around 50 studies in the fields of sociology, anthropology and education were reviewed; the subjects covered include the definition and identity of rural youth, its family and gender relations, educational problems and working world, social and political participation and migrations, as well as topics involving native people. Although at first glance the subject matter does not appear to differ greatly from topics covered in research on urban youth, findings point up the particularities that distinguish these young people from their urban counterparts.

Effect of steel fibers on static and blast response of high strength concrete Luccioni, Bibiana Maria; Isla, Federico Ignacio; Codina, Ramon Humberto; Ambrosini, Ricardo Daniel; Zerbino, Raul Luis; Giaccio, Graciela Marta; Torrijos, Maria Celeste The advantages of High Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HSFRC) in static behavior highlighted by many researchers suggest it is a promising material to withstand dynamic loads. However, available experimental results regarding blast performance of HSFRC structural elements are still limited. The results of exploratory series of tests using a high strength concrete, over 100 MPa compressive strength, reinforced with long hooked-end steel fibers are presented in this paper. The results of static characterization tests performed on prisms and slabs and the results of blast tests on slabs are presented and analyzed. The improvements found in static flexure response with different fibers contents are compared with those found under blast loads. The effects of fibers controlling cracking, scabbing and spalling under close-in explosions are also addressed.