Sismoestratigrafía y evolución Cenozoica de un sector de las terrazas Nágera y Perito Moreno, Margen Continental Patagónico; Seismostratigraphy and Cenozoic evolution of a sector of the Nágera and Perito Moreno terraces, Patagonian Continental Margin Isola, José Ignacio; Tassone, Alejandro Alberto; Esteban, Federico Damián; Violante, Roberto Antonio; Haller, Miguel Jorge F.; ST Onge, Guillaume El Margen Continental Patagónico (MCP) es, desde un punto de vista geológico, la porción del Margen Continental Argentino Pasivo Volcánico (MCAPV) ubicada al sur de la Zona de la Fractura Colorado. Esta zona del margen se encuentra influenciada desde el límite Eoceno-Oligoceno, por la circulación termohalina de las corrientes de agua profundas generadas en el sector antártico. La erosión y depositación producida por estas corrientes dio origen a la formación de cuatro extensas terrazas contorníticas que cubren una gran parte del MCP. El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar nuevos conocimientos sobre las dos terrazas más occi­dentales, la Terraza Nágera (TN, ~600 a 1000 m de profundidad) y la Terra­za Perito Moreno (TPM, ~1000 a 1500 m de profundidad). En estas terrazas la sismoestratigrafía y los procesos asociados a su evolución no han sido estudiados en forma exhaustiva. Por tal motivo, los trabajos realizados en la zona se refieren a las edades de las unidades sísmicas en forma especulativa o proponen una sola unidad denominada ?post-rift indefinido?.
Tras el análisis integrado de un perfil sísmico de mediana resolución y gran pene­tración, y perfiles sísmicos de alta resolución y baja penetración, se han definido una serie de unidades sísmicas, las cuales fueron correlacionadas con esquemas sismoestratigráficos propuestos previamente para el MCAPV, e infor­mación bioes­tratigráfica publicada. De este modo se presenta en este trabajo un esquemasismo estratigráfico novedoso para la parte más boreal de la TN y la TPM, el cual se acopla de forma armoniosa a los modelos sismoestratigráficos propuestos para el resto del MCAPV. A partir de las unidades sísmicas definidas se proponen cuatro etapas evolutivas para el Cenozoico de la zona de estudio:
1) Desde el Paleoceno al Eoceno-Oligoceno, se caracteriza por una subsidencia principalmente termal y una sedimentación hemipelágica y gravitacional con poca o nula actividad de corrientes oceánicas.
2) Desde el Eoceno-Oligoceno al Mioceno tardío, se caracteriza por la presencia de un ambiente marino somero, con clinoformas que llegan desde la plataforma externa hasta el talud medio y es interpretada como una progradación deltaica asociada a un estadío de nivel de mar bajo.
3) Desde el Mioceno tardío al Plioceno, caracterizada por las primeras evidencias de acción de corrientes oceánicas, seguido de una superficie erosiva y formación de la TN y la TPM.
4) Desde el Plioceno a la actualidad, se caracteriza por alta actividad de las corrientes oceánicas en el talud superior y medio, intensa interacción entre corrientes oceánicas y el lecho marino y desarrollo de depósitos contorníticos.

Sismoestratigrafía y evolución Cenozoica de un sector de las terrazas Nágera y Perito Moreno, Margen Continental Patagónico; Seismostratigraphy and Cenozoic evolution of a sector of the Nágera and Perito Moreno terraces, Patagonian Continental Margin Isola, José Ignacio; Tassone, Alejandro Alberto; Esteban, Federico Damián; Violante, Roberto Antonio; Haller, Miguel Jorge F.; ST Onge, Guillaume El Margen Continental Patagónico (MCP) es, desde un punto de vista geológico, la porción del Margen Continental Argentino Pasivo Volcánico (MCAPV) ubicada al sur de la Zona de la Fractura Colorado. Esta zona del margen se encuentra influenciada desde el límite Eoceno-Oligoceno, por la circulación termohalina de las corrientes de agua profundas generadas en el sector antártico. La erosión y depositación producida por estas corrientes dio origen a la formación de cuatro extensas terrazas contorníticas que cubren una gran parte del MCP. El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar nuevos conocimientos sobre las dos terrazas más occi­dentales, la Terraza Nágera (TN, ~600 a 1000 m de profundidad) y la Terra­za Perito Moreno (TPM, ~1000 a 1500 m de profundidad). En estas terrazas la sismoestratigrafía y los procesos asociados a su evolución no han sido estudiados en forma exhaustiva. Por tal motivo, los trabajos realizados en la zona se refieren a las edades de las unidades sísmicas en forma especulativa o proponen una sola unidad denominada ?post-rift indefinido?.
Tras el análisis integrado de un perfil sísmico de mediana resolución y gran pene­tración, y perfiles sísmicos de alta resolución y baja penetración, se han definido una serie de unidades sísmicas, las cuales fueron correlacionadas con esquemas sismoestratigráficos propuestos previamente para el MCAPV, e infor­mación bioes­tratigráfica publicada. De este modo se presenta en este trabajo un esquemasismo estratigráfico novedoso para la parte más boreal de la TN y la TPM, el cual se acopla de forma armoniosa a los modelos sismoestratigráficos propuestos para el resto del MCAPV. A partir de las unidades sísmicas definidas se proponen cuatro etapas evolutivas para el Cenozoico de la zona de estudio:
1) Desde el Paleoceno al Eoceno-Oligoceno, se caracteriza por una subsidencia principalmente termal y una sedimentación hemipelágica y gravitacional con poca o nula actividad de corrientes oceánicas.
2) Desde el Eoceno-Oligoceno al Mioceno tardío, se caracteriza por la presencia de un ambiente marino somero, con clinoformas que llegan desde la plataforma externa hasta el talud medio y es interpretada como una progradación deltaica asociada a un estadío de nivel de mar bajo.
3) Desde el Mioceno tardío al Plioceno, caracterizada por las primeras evidencias de acción de corrientes oceánicas, seguido de una superficie erosiva y formación de la TN y la TPM.
4) Desde el Plioceno a la actualidad, se caracteriza por alta actividad de las corrientes oceánicas en el talud superior y medio, intensa interacción entre corrientes oceánicas y el lecho marino y desarrollo de depósitos contorníticos.

Stratigraphy, age and correlation of Lepué Tephra: a widespread c. 11 000 cal a BP marker horizon sourced from the Chaitén Sector of southern Chile Alloway, Brent V.; Moreno, Patricio I.; Pearce, Nick J. G.; De Pol Holz, Ricardo; Henríquez, William I.; Pesce, Oscar H.; Sagredo, Esteban; Villarosa, Gustavo; Outes, Ana Valeria We describe the stratigraphy, age and correlation of a prominent tephra marker, named Lepué Tephra, extensively distributed in north-western Patagonia. Lepué Tephra is well dated at c. 11 000 cal a BP from numerous lake and soil cover-bed sequences and its recognition is useful for assessing the rate and timing of deglaciation as well as associated environmental changes in this region during the last glacial termination and early Holocene. Lepué Tephra has attributes typical of a complex and compositionally zoned phreatomagmatic eruptive. While the initial rhyolitic phase can be readily distinguished from multiple eruptive products sourced from the adjacent Volcán Chaitén, the main erupted end member is of basaltic–andesitic bulk composition − similar to younger tephras sourced from Holocene monogenetic cones adjacent to the Volcán Michimahuida massif (tMim). Lepué Tephra can be correlated to an equivalent-aged pyroclastic flow deposit (Amarillo Ignimbrite) prominently distributed in the south-eastern sector of tMim. The source vent for these co-eruptive events is obscured by an extensive ice field and is currently unknown. The widespread radially symmetrical distribution of Lepué Tephra centred on tMim cannot be attributed solely to volcanological considerations. Reduced Southern Hemisphere westerly wind influence interpreted from climate proxies at the time of eruption are also implicated.

Participation of hypothalamic CB1 receptors in reproductive axis disruption during immune challenge Surkin, Pablo Nicolas; Di Rosso, María Emilia; Correa, Fernando Gabriel; Elverdín, Juan Carlos; Genaro, Ana Maria; de Laurentiis, Andrea; Fernández Solari, José Javier Immune challenge inhibits reproductive function and endocannabinoids (eCB) modulate sexual hormones. However, no studies have been performed to assess whether the eCB system mediates the inhibition of hormones that control reproduction as a result of immune system activation during systemic infections. For that reason, we evaluated the participation of the hypothalamic cannabinoid receptor CB1 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activity in rats submitted to immune challenge. Male adult rats were treated i.c.v. administration with a CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist (AM251) (500 ng/5 μL), followed by an i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg) 15 minutes later. Plasmatic, hypothalamic and adenohypophyseal pro-inflammatory cytokines, hormones and neuropeptides were assessed 90 or 180 minutes post-LPS. The plasma concentration of tumour necrosis factor α and adenohypophyseal mRNA expression of Tnfα and Il1β increased 90 and 180 minutes post i.p. administration of LPS. However, cytokine mRNA expression in the hypothalamus increased only 180 minutes post-LPS, suggesting an inflammatory delay in this organ. CB1 receptor blockade with AM251 increased LPS inflammatory effects, particularly in the hypothalamus. LPS also inhibited the HPG axis by decreasing gonadotrophin-releasing hormone hypothalamic content and plasma levels of luteinising hormone and testosterone. These disruptor effects were accompanied by decreased hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA expression and prostaglandin E2 content, as well as by increased gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (Rfrp3) mRNA expression. All these disruptive effects were prevented by the presence of AM251. In summary, our results suggest that, in male rats, eCB mediate immune challenge-inhibitory effects on reproductive axis at least partially via hypothalamic CB1 activation. In addition, this receptor also participates in homeostasis recovery by modulating the inflammatory process taking place after LPS administration.

Behavioral effects in room evacuation models Dossetti, V.; Bouzat, Sebastian; Kuperman, Marcelo Nestor In this work we study a model for the evacuation of pedestrians from an enclosure considering a continuous space substrate and discrete time. We analyze the influence of behavioral features that affect the use of the empty space, that can be linked to the attitudes or characters of the pedestrians. We study how the interaction of different behavioral profiles affects the needed time to evacuate completely a room and the occurrence of clogging. We find that neither fully egotistic nor fully cooperative attitudes are optimal from the point of view of the crowd. In contrast, intermediate behaviors provide lower evacuation times. This leads us to identify some phenomena closely analogous to the faster-is-slower effect. The proposed model allows for distinguishing between the role of the attitudes in the search for empty space and the attitudes in the conflicts.

Evolution of multiple quantum coherences with scaled dipolar Hamiltonian Sánchez, Claudia Marina; Buljubasich Gentiletti, Lisandro; Pastawski, Horacio Miguel; Chattah, Ana Karina In this article, we introduce a pulse sequence which allows the monitoring of multiple quantum coherences distribution of correlated spin states developed with scaled dipolar Hamiltonian. The pulse sequence is a modification of our previous Proportionally Refocused Loschmidt echo (PRL echo) with phase increment, in order to verify the accuracy of the weighted coherent quantum dynamics. The experiments were carried out with different scaling factors to analyze the evolution of the total magnetization, the time dependence of the multiple quantum coherence orders, and the development of correlated spins clusters. In all cases, a strong dependence between the evolution rate and the weighting factor is observed. Remarkably, all the curves appeared overlapped in a single trend when plotted against the self-time, a new time scale that includes the scaling factor into the evolution time. In other words, the spin system displayed always the same quantum evolution, slowed down as the scaling factor decreases, confirming the high performance of the new pulse sequence.

Interior Lp-estimates and local Ap-weights Cardoso, Isolda Eugenia; Viola, Pablo Sebastian; Viviani, Beatriz Eleonora Let Ω be a nonempty open proper and connected subset of Rn, n≥3. Consider the elliptic Schrödinger type operator LEu=AEu+Vu=−Σijaij(x)uxixj+Vu in Ω, and the linear parabolic operator LPu=APu+Vu= ut−Σaij(x,t)uxixj+Vu in ΩT=Ω×(0,T), where the coefficients aij∈VMO and the potential V satisfies a reverse Hölder condition. The aim of this paper is to obtain a priori estimates for the operators LE and LP in weighted Sobolev spaces involving the distance to the boundary and weights in a local Ap class.

Site-occupancy modelling: A new approach to assess sensitivity of indicator species Cortelezzi, Agustina; Armendáriz, Laura Cecilia; Simoy, Maria Veronica; Marinelli, Claudia Beatriz; Cepeda, Rosana Esther; Rodrigues Capitulo, Alberto; Berkunsky, Igor One of the most challenging aspects of quality indices has been to compile reliable measures of the species’ sensitivity to various magnitudes and different kinds of ecosystem attributes. Occupancy modelling has become increasingly useful to ecologists because provides a flexible framework to estimate the habitat use as a function of site information. We modelled occupancy of oligochaete species from physicochemical variables of Pampean streams; and we described the change in occupancy along the gradient of each explanatory physicochemical variable. We proposed three phases (resistance, tolerance and extinction) to describe the sensitivity of the species in terms of occupancy. Seventeen of the 33 taxa of oligochaetes were enough abundant to be modeled. In eight species, we obtained a total of 11 different models including physicochemical covariates. Occupancy was explained by conductivity in four species, by dissolved oxygen in three species, and by nutrients in four species. The analysis of phases (resistance, tolerance and extinction) to describe the sensitivity of the species in terms of occupancy, offers a new methodology to understand how the species behave along a stressor gradient. Detailed descriptions of sensitivity of these local species, will helps ecologists to generate more accurate biotic indices.

Solution Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in an Ionic Liquid Employing Cyclic Multifunctional Initiators Delgado Rodríguez, Karla; Acuña, Pablo; Enríquez Medrano, Francisco J.; Barreto, Gastón Pablo; Morales, Graciela 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) was used as a solvent during the methyl methacrylate polymerization, in a temperature range of 110 to 130°C, employing two multifunctional cyclic peroxides as initiators, the pinacolone diperoxide and the diethylketone triperoxide, and results were compared with those obtained in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent under the same reaction conditions. The polymerization rate was approximately four times faster in [BMIM][BF4] than in DMF, and this behavior is supported by the higher decomposition rate constants calculated for both initiators in pure ionic liquid in comparison with those calculated in DMF. The average molecular weights values were nearly three times lower in DMF than in the ionic liquid, and this is explained by the reduction in the propagation activation energy in the presence of the ionic liquid.

An easy, cheap, and versatile method to trap turtles, with calibrated sampling effort Semeñiuk, María Belén; Alcalde, Leandro; Sanchez, Rocio Maria; Cassano, María Julia A novel method (hookless trot line) to trap freshwater turtles in aquatic environments from the Pampas region on southern South America is presented. Cost, functioning, effectiveness, biases, maintenance, and constraints of the hookless trot line are analyzed compared to three other methods (two variants of funnel traps and a trawl net) commonly used in studies dealing with freshwater turtle ecology. Fieldwork was carried out from 2005-2015 in streams that drain the northeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The beef-baited, single-mouthed funnel trap with drift fences was the method that captured the most turtles. It was closely followed by the hookless trot line, whereas the other two methods obtained a small portion of captures. Nevertheless, we conclude that the best method to trap turtles in the region was the hookless trot line because it adapts to a wide range of environments, does not injure the turtles, is easy to build and transport, requires little maintenance, and its materials are cheaper and more durable than those of the other methods. Further, a calibration for the trot line is provided in order to minimize effort and maximize captures: in cost/benefit terms, the best result was achieved by employing 1 bait/1.5 m of shoreline.

A short FE implementation for a 2d homogeneous Dirichlet problem of a fractional Laplacian Acosta Rodriguez, Gabriel; Mastroberti Bersetche, Francisco Vicente; Borthagaray Peradotto, Juan Pablo In Acosta etal. (2017), a complete n-dimensional finite element analysis of the homogeneous Dirichlet problem associated to a fractional Laplacian was presented. Here we provide a comprehensive and simple 2D MATLAB ® finite element code for such a problem. The code is accompanied with a basic discussion of the theory relevant in the context. The main program is written in about 80 lines and can be easily modified to deal with other kernels as well as with time dependent problems. The present work fills a gap by providing an input for a large number of mathematicians and scientists interested in numerical approximations of solutions of a large variety of problems involving nonlocal phenomena in two-dimensional space.

LigQ: A Webserver to Select and Prepare Ligands for Virtual Screening Radusky, Leandro Gabriel; Ruiz Carmona, Sergio; Modenutti, Carlos Pablo; Barril, Xavier; Turjanski, Adrian; Marti, Marcelo Adrian Virtual screening is a powerful methodology to search for new small molecule inhibitors against a desired molecular target. Usually, it involves evaluating thousands of compounds (derived from large databases) in order to select a set of potential binders that will be tested in the wet-lab. The number of tested compounds is directly proportional to the cost, and thus, the best possible set of ligands is the one with the highest number of true binders, for the smallest possible compound set size. Therefore, methods that are able to trim down large universal data sets enriching them in potential binders are highly appreciated. Here we present LigQ, a free webserver that is able to (i) determine best structure and ligand binding pocket for a desired protein, (ii) find known binders, as well as potential ligands known to bind to similar protein domains, (iii) most importantly, select a small set of commercial compounds enriched in potential binders, and (iv) prepare them for virtual screening. LigQ was tested with several proteins, showing an impressive capacity to retrieve true ligands from large data sets, achieving enrichment factors of over 10%. LigQ is available at http://ligq.qb.fcen.uba.ar/.

Phylogeographic history of Patagonian lizards of the Liolaemus elongatus complex (Iguania: Liolaemini) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences Medina, Cintia Débora; Avila, Luciano Javier; Sites, Jack Walter; Morando, Mariana In this study, we present a phylogeographic analysis of a group of lizards distributed in north-western Patagonia, the Liolaemus elongatus complex. We sequenced 581 individuals for one mitochondrial gene (cytochrome-b), and for a subset, we sequenced another mitochondrial gene (12S rRNA) and two nuclear genes: kinesin family member 24 (KIF24) and the anonymous nuclear locus LDAB1D. We estimated gene trees, mitochondrial and nuclear haploytpe networks, standard molecular diversity indices, genetic distances between lineages and Bayesian skyline plots. Our results provide evidence for recognition of seven species previously described within the L. elongatus complex: Liolaemus antumalguen, Liolaemus chillanensis, Liolaemus carlosgarini, Liolaemus burmeisteri, Liolaemus smaug, Liolaemus elongatus and Liolaemus crandalli, but we did not find sufficient evidence to support Liolaemus choique, Liolaemus shitan or Liolaemus sp. 6 as distinct species. We identified four candidate species (Liolaemus sp. 1, Liolaemus sp. 2, Liolaemus sp. 3 and Liolaemus sp. 7), and we discuss evolutionary processes that may have contributed to the origin of these lineages and their taxonomic and conservation implications.

Una apuesta por la vida: ética y estética en formas colectivo solidarias; Uma aposta pela vida: ética e estética em formas coletivo solidárias; A proposal for life: ethics and aesthetics in collective-solidarity forms Heras Monner Sans, Ana Ines; Miano, María Amalia; Pagotto, María Alejandra El artículo se inscribe en una investigación etnográfica realizada en Argentina con organizaciones orientadas por la autonomía como proyecto. Desde el marco conceptual del análisis institucional y las economías comunitarias, presenta una metodología que permite analizar prácticas, discursos y significados en tres experiencias autogestionarias. Analiza los modos que asumen el trabajo, la propiedad y la subjetividad en estas experiencias y concluye que: 1) su quehacer funda una propuesta ética y estética ligada al sostenimiento y disfrute de la vida y 2) sus formas de producir la existencia interpelan los sentidos del capitalismo actual.; O artigo se inscreve numa pesquisa etnográfica realizada na Argentina com organizações orientadas pela autonomia como projeto. Desde o marco conceitual da análise institucional e das economias comunitárias, apresenta uma metodologia que permite analisar práticas, discursos e significados em três experiências autogestionárias. Analisa os aspectos que o trabalho assume, a propriedade e a subjetividade nessas experiências e conclui que: 1) seu quefazer estabelece uma proposta ética e estética ligada ao sustento e gozo da vida e 2) suas formas de produzir a existência interpelam os sentidos do capitalismo atual.; The article is part of an ethnographic research carried out in Argentina within autonomy-oriented organizations. From the conceptual framework of institutional analysis and community economies, the article presents a methodology working towards the analysis of social practices, discourses and meanings in three self-managed experiences. It examines how communities view work, property and subjectivity in such experiences and concludes that: 1) their work states an ethical and aesthetic proposal linked to life sustenance and enjoyment and 2) their ways of existence question the current forms of capitalism.

Diabetes primary prevention program: new insights from data analysis of recruitment period Gagliardino, Juan Jose; Elgart, Jorge Federico; Bourgeois, Marcelo Javier; Etchegoyen, Graciela Susana; Fantuzzi, Gabriel; Ré, Matias; Ricart, Juan P.; García, Silvia; Giampieri, Cecilia; Gonzalez, Lorena; Suárez Crivaro, Florencia; Kronsbein, Peter; Angelini, Julieta M.; Martinez, Camilo; Martinez, Jorge; Ricart, Alberto; Spinedi, Eduardo Julio Primary Prevention of Diabetes Program in Buenos Aires Province evaluates the effectiveness of adopting healthy lifestyle to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D) in people at high risk of developing it. We aimed to present preliminary data analysis of FINDRISC and laboratory measurements taken during recruitment of people for the Primary Prevention of Diabetes Program in Buenos Aires Province in the cities of La Plata, Berisso, and Ensenada, Argentina.

The anti-corrosion performance of water-borne paints in long term tests Roselli, Sol Natacha; Romagnoli, Roberto; Deya, Marta Cecilia One of the most inexpensive and effective method to protect steel against corrosion is paints containing active pigments. The traditional way to test these coatings performance is by accelerated tests (exposition to salt spray and/or humidity chambers) and electrochemical tests (corrosion potential, ionic resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). However, these tests give incomplete information if the results are not correlated to outdoor or service tests. The aim of this work was to evaluate water-borne epoxy anticorrosion paints containing different commercial phosphate pigments. The paints were exposed to a semi-industrial atmosphere for 7 years. Electrochemical tests and accelerated assays were also done in order to find a correlation between laboratory and service tests. The results obtained showed no correlation between those from pigment suspensions and those from painted panels, as it seemed that paint performance is highly dependent on the resin. The pigments zinc iron phosphate and zinc aluminium phosphate performed poorly in pigment suspensions. However, the coatings containing them exhibited the highest ionic resistance, the lowest film capacitance and gave the better results in outdoor tests. Results in outdoor exposure tests correlated with those from impedance measurements.

Resistencia Concomitante Antitumoral: un posible mecanismo de control de las metástasis Ruggiero, Raul Alejandro En mayo de 1978, cuando ingresé en la Sección Leucemia Experimental de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, ciertamente no imaginé que, 39 años después, iba a estar en este mismo sitio trabajando y escribiendo este artículo. Para algunos, tal vez para muchos, la permanencia por un tiempo tan prolongado en un mismo lugar de trabajo es un signo de estancamiento.

Effect of operational parameters and Pd/In catalyst in the reduction of nitrate using copper electrode Beltrame, Thiago Favarini; Coelho, Vanessa; Marder, Luciano; Ferreira, Jane Zoppas; Marchesini, Fernanda Albana; Bernardes, Andrea Moura Water with high concentration of nitrate may cause damage to health and to the environment. This study investigated how concentration, current density, flow, pH, the use of Pd/In catalyst and operating mode (constant current density and constant cell potential) have an influence in the electrochemical reduction of nitrate and in the formation of gaseous compounds using copper electrode. Experiments were performed in two-compartment electrolytic cells separated by a cationic membrane with nitrate model solutions prepared as a surrogate of concentrated brines from membrane desalination plants. The results show that the electroreduction process has potential for reduction of nitrate and that it is influenced by the operational conditions. The best conditions found for the treatment - with satisfactory reduction of nitrate, formation of compounds and reproducibility - were at nitrate concentrations of 600 and 1000 mg.L-1, current density of 1.1 mA.cm-2 and without pH control, since in these conditions the production of gaseous compounds is higher than the production of nitrite. When Pd/In catalyst was used, the nitrate reduction was 50% after 6 hours of experiment and the predominant product were gaseous compounds. When compared to the experiment without the catalyst, the arrangement with Pd/In was the most efficient one.

Psychology's contributions to extension: state of the art and calls to action Landini, Fernando Pablo; Olivera Méndez, Alejandra; De Hegedüs, Pedro Several psychosocial processes are embedded in the practice of extension. However, there is no Journal of Extension article that systematically addresses how psychology can contribute to the field. Research conducted recently in Latin America addresses this issue and is applicable to those working in U.S. Cooperative Extension. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of possible contributions psychology can make to U.S. Cooperative Extension. These contributions are presented in the context of seven aspects of extension practice that have strong psychological components. Calls to action are presented as well. Essentially, extensión organizations need to acknowledge the potentiality of psychology and invite psychologists to be part of their programs and research.

Rol de los psicólogos en la extensión rural desde el punto de vista de los extensionistas del noreste argentino; Expected role of psychologists in rural extension in the Argentine Northeast; Papel esperado dos psicólogos na extensão rural no noreste argentino Landini, Fernando Pablo La extensión rural es una práctica compleja que involucra asistencia técnica y asesoría a productores y a otros actores rurales con el fin de que éstos puedan fortalecer su producción y sus dinámicas organizativas y comerciales. Vista así, resulta claro que la extensión rural es una práctica interdisciplinaria que requiere contribuciones de las diferentes ciencias sociales. En consecuencia, puede afirmarse que la psicología posee una importante potencialidad para contribuir a la extensión rural. No obstante, se observa que sus contribuciones al área han sido escasas. Así, buscando comprender el rol potencial de los psicólogos en la extensión rural se realizó una investigación cualitativa, de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo centrada en la realización de 40 entrevistas a extensionistas del noreste argentino. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y luego analizadas siguiendo los principios de la teoría fundamentada, utilizando el software Atlas Ti. Se concluye que la mayor parte de los extensionistas consideran que la psicología podría contribuir a su labor, aún sin poder clarificar sus especificidades. Se destaca la posibilidad de contribuir al manejo de grupos, a la gestión de conflictos y a la comprensión de los productores.; Rural extension is a complex practice that involves the provision of technical assistance and advisory services to farmers and other rural actors with the aim of improving agricultural production as well as organizational and commercial dynamics. Thus, it is clear that rural extension as an interdisciplinary practice that requires contributions from different social sciences. In consequence, it can be argued that psycholog y has a great potential to contribute to rural extension. Nonetheless, it has been mentioned that its contributions to the topic have been scarce. Aiming to understand the potential role of psychologists in the context of rural extension