Drosophila melanogaster, un versátil organismo modelo Franco, Diana Lorena; Ceriani, Maria Fernanda Historia del organismo modelo Drosophila melanogaster y su uso en el estudio de circuitos neuronales que gobiernan los comportamientos rítmicos del organismo.

Biopolítica, territorio y agronegocios; Biopolitics, land conflicts and agribusiness de Boeck, Martín Eduardo Se analizará brevemente la revisión que realiza Roberto Esposito (2006) de la crítica a la matriz jurídica moderna presente en la obra de Foucault, puntualmente en la categoría de propiedad, para adoptar su paradigma de inmunización como un marco hermenéutico plausible para dar cuenta de los conflictos territoriales en torno a los agronegocios. Este entramado jurídico serviría como instancia de legitimación para la restricción del acceso a la tierra, la opresión de medios de producción alternativos, y la utilización de productos contaminantes que afectan y desequilibran espacios situados fuera de los límites del territorio del propietario. Es sugerente la voz de alarma que levantan algunos intelectuales que afirman que este modelo de agricultura actual es parte de un proyecto geopolítico para reducir la población del planeta y eliminar al sujeto campesino.; We briefly analyze Roberto Esposito’s (2006) review on the critique of the modern legal matrix present in Foucault’s work, in particular the category of property, to adopt his immunization paradigm as a plausible hermeneutic framework to account for the territorial conflicts over agribusiness. This legal framework serves as an instance to legitimize the restriction to access to land, the oppression of alternative forms of production, and the use of polluting products that affect and unbalance spaces located outside the territory of the owner. It is worth hearing the alarm bells that some intellectuals raise posing that this actual model of agriculture is part of a geopolitical project to reduce the population of the planet and to eliminate farmers.

Papeles en la piedra: Imágenes del Tercer Reich en el registro material de un sitio arqueológico de la provincia de Misiones Schavelzon Chavin, Daniel Gaston; Igareta, Ana Teresa En la localidad de San Ignacio, provincia de Misiones, el estudio arqueológico deun conjunto de estructuras de piedra levantadas en medio de la selva reveló que setrata de una instalación moderna, edificada a mediados de 1940. El hallazgo de unrecipiente metálico con fotografías, monedas y otros objetos, escondido en el interiorde uno de los muros, permitió relacionar a sus constructores con eventos de la SegundaGuerra Mundial. La articulación de datos proporcionados por fuentes documentales ymateriales es siempre un proceso complejo para la investigación arqueológica, pero eldesafío es mayor cuando ambas forman parte de un mismo registro recuperado in situ.

Marine and freshwater invasive species research with emphasis on South America: An overview and synthesis of MFIS, Argentina Munawar, Mohiuddin; Bailey, Sarah; Sylvester, Francisco

Interaction of acylated and unacylated forms of E. coli alpha-hemolysin with lipid monolayers: a PM-IRRAS study Vazquez, Romina Florencia; Daza Millone, Maria Antonieta; Pavinatto, Felippe J.; Herlax, Vanesa Silvana; Bakas, Laura Susana; Oliveira, Osvaldo N.; Vela, Maria Elena; Maté, Sabina María Uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli produce virulence factors, such as the protein toxin alpha-hemolysin (HlyA), that enable the bacteria to colonize the host and establish an infection. HlyA is synthetized as a protoxin (ProHlyA) that is transformed into the active form in the bacterial cytosol by the covalent linkage of two fatty-acyl moieties to the polypeptide chain before the secretion of HlyA into the extracellular medium. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the fatty acylation of HlyA on protein conformation and protein-membrane interactions. Polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) experiments were performed at the air-water interface, and lipid monolayers mimicking the outer leaflet of red-blood-cell membranes were used as model systems for the study of protein-membrane interaction. According to surface-pressure measurements, incorporation of the acylated protein into the lipid films was faster than that of the nonacylated form. PM-IRRAS measurements revealed that the adsorption of the proteins to the lipid monolayers induced disorder in the lipid acyl chains and also changed the elastic properties of the films independently of protein acylation. No significant difference was observed between HlyA and ProHlyA in the interaction with the model lipid monolayers; but when these proteins became adsorbed on a bare air-water interface, they adopted different secondary structures. The assumption of the correct protein conformation at a hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface could constitute a critical condition for biologic activity.

Polymetallic (Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag ± Au) vein-type deposits in brittle-ductile transtensional shear zones, Eastern Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina): Age constraints and significance for the Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution and metallogenesis Maffini, María Natalia; Wemmer, Klaus; Radice, Stefania; Oriolo, Sebastián; D'eramo, Fernando Javier; Coniglio, Jorge Enrique; Demartis, Manuel; Pinotti, Lucio Pedro This paper discusses new structural, kinematic and geochronological data from polymetallic (Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag ± Au) vein-type deposits hosted in the metamorphic basement of the southern Sierras de Córdoba. A Carboniferous age was established for the hydrothermal event between ∼329 and 315 Ma (Late Mississippian-Early Pennsylvanian) by the K/Ar fine-fraction dating method of sericitic alteration related to metallic ore deposition in the Las Guindas and Oro districts. The obtained ages postdate the spatially associated Devonian magmatism and overlap the A-type Early Carboniferous magmatism defined for the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas. The presence of non-exhumed granitic bodies at shallow depths, possibly related to mineralization, is supported by available geophysical and field evidence. The strain fabric and 3-D kinematic analyses constitute first kinematic data for the Carboniferous basement of the Southern Sierras Pampeanas demonstrating that mineralization was controlled by NNW- and ENE-trending brittle-ductile transtensional shear zones that overprint the earlier high-strain deformation fabrics of the basement. Transtensional deformation has accommodated large amounts of strike-slip movements and subordinated extensional components. The calculated kinematic axes indicate a coherent kinematic pattern of the mineralized systems in the two studied districts, with a maximum extension direction oriented NNE- to NE and maximum shortening direction oriented WNW- to NW. This deformation regime, active during mineralization, point to a non-compressive setting at the Late Mississippian-Early Pennsylvanian boundary. In line with other regional evidence, we propose a distinctive Carboniferous deformational phase in the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas, dominated by transtension. This period would have occurred after the transition with the Devonian compressional/transpressional orogenic regime.

Ciencias del comportamiento y política tiempo de empujar la conducta de los gobernantes; Behavioral sciences and politics: time to nudge public officials Linares, Sebastián; Freidin, Esteban El enfoque de Behavioral Insights (BI) implica utilizar conocimientos de las cien- cias del comportamiento en el diseño, implementación y evaluación de políticas públicas. En general, los proyectos asociados a BI buscan afectar la conducta de los ciudadanos en sentidos socialmente deseables. En este artículo planteamos que el mismo enfoque puede ser utilizado como marco para “pensar” cómo moldear la conducta de los gobernantes con fi nes prosociales. Con este objetivo, discutimos dos conceptos: 1) la alineación de los incentivos de gobernantes y ciudadanos, y 2) el enfoque Nudge , que implica estructurar los ambientes de decisión para guiar a los agentes hacia fi nes prosociales. Concluimos mencionando algunas promesas y limitaciones del enfoque BI en general y de nuestras propuestas específicas en particular.; The Behavioral Insights (BI) approach involves the use of knowledge from the behavioral sciences in the design, implementation, and evaluation of public policy. In general, projects associated to BI attempt to affect citizens ́ behavior in socially desirable ways. In this article, we propose that the same approach can be used as a framework to “think” how to shape government of fi cials ́ behavior with pro- social ends. With this goal in mind, we discuss two concepts: 1) the alignment of incentives between government officials and citizens; and 2) the Nudge approach, which implies structuring decision environments to guide agents towards pro-social ends. We conclude by mentioning some promises and limitations of the BI approach, generally, and of our specific proposals.

Reply to “Photoredox Catalysis: The Need to Elucidate the Photochemical Mechanism” Ghosh, Indrajit; Bardagi, Javier Ivan; König, Burkhard Spectroscopic measurements and estimated thermodynamic values are important tools for the investigation of photocatalytic reaction mechanisms. However, data derived under idealized conditions fail to capture the complexity of reaction mixtures in preparative organic synthesis.

Comment on "spontaneous breaking of permutation symmetry in pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics" Fernández, Francisco Marcelo Li and Miao [Phys. Rev. A 85, 042110 (2012)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.85.042110] proposed a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian that is neither Hermitian nor PT symmetric but exhibits real eigenvalues for some values of the model parameters. In order to explain this fact, they resorted to PT-pseudo Hermiticity and to a so-called permutation symmetry. Here we show that the spectrum of this Hamiltonian can be easily analyzed in the usual way in terms of exact or broken antiunitary symmetries that appear to be more relevant than the permutation symmetry. In addition, we show why the authors' Hamiltonian and the well-known Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator lead to the same fourth-order differential equation for the coordinates.

Leptospira species molecular epidemiology in the genomic era Caimi, Karina Cynthia; Repetto, Silvia; Varni, Vanina Delia; Ruybal, Paula Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease which global burden is increasing often related to climatic change. Hundreds of whole genome sequences from worldwide isolates of Leptospira spp. are available nowadays, together with online tools that permit to assign MLST sequence types (STs) directly from raw sequence data. In this work we have applied R7L-MLST to near 500 genomes and strains collection globally distributed. All 10 pathogenic species as well as intermediate were typed using this MLST scheme. The correlation observed between STs and serogroups in our previous work, is still satisfied with this higher dataset sustaining the implementation of MLST to assist serological classification as a complementary approach. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences from R7-MLST loci allowed us to resolve taxonomic inconsistencies but also showed that events such as recombination, gene conversion or lateral gene transfer played an important role in the evolution of Leptospira genus. Whole genome sequencing allows us to contribute with suitable epidemiologic information useful to apply in the design of control strategies and also in diagnostic methods for this illness.

Application of 1-Dimensional and 2-Dimensional Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to the Characterization of Morphine, Morphine Hydrochloride, and Their Hydrates Romañuk, Carolina Beatriz; Garro Linck, Yamila; Alves de Santana, M. Silmara; Manzo, Ruben Hilario; Ayala, Alejandro P.; Monti, Gustavo Alberto; Chattah, Ana Karina; Olivera, Maria Eugenia The detailed knowledge of the solid forms of a drug is a key element in pharmaceutical development. Morphine (MOR) is an opiate alkaloid widely used to treat severe acute and chronic pain. Much of the available information on its solid state dates from several decades ago. In order to obtain updated and reliable information, 1-dimensional (1D) and 2-dimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used and complemented with powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy and thermal analysis. 13C cross-polarization with magic angle spinning 1D spectra accomplish a complete identification of the related forms of MOR. Remarkably, 1H-13C heteronuclear correlation spectra together with FTIR results gave clear evidence that neither MOR nor its hydrate crystallizes as a zwitterion. Our results indicate that the hydrogen bonds in the anhydrate forms have a different nature or strength than in their respective hydrates. The unique information obtained would be useful for the characterization of MOR as a bulk drug, dosage forms, and future developments.

Notions of the ergodic hierarchy for curved statistical manifolds Gomez, Ignacio Sebastián We present an extension of the ergodic, mixing, and Bernoulli levels of the ergodic hierarchy for statistical models on curved manifolds, making use of elements of the information geometry. This extension focuses on the notion of statistical independence between the microscopical variables of the system. Moreover, we establish an intimately relationship between statistical models and families of probability distributions belonging to the canonical ensemble, which for the case of the quadratic Hamiltonian systems provides a closed form for the correlations between the microvariables in terms of the temperature of the heat bath as a power law. From this, we obtain an information geometric method for studying Hamiltonian dynamics in the canonical ensemble. We illustrate the results with two examples: a pair of interacting harmonic oscillators presenting phase transitions and the 2×2 Gaussian ensembles. In both examples the scalar curvature results a global indicator of the dynamics.

Calidad del agua de la Reserva Natural Urbana del Oeste (RNUO, Santa Fe) y su relación con biodiversidad del fitoplancton Vaschetto, P.A.; Polla, Wanda; Regaldo, Luciana María; Gervasio, Susana Graciela Se estudió la calidad del agua de la Reserva Natural Urbana Oeste (RNUO) de Santa Fey su relación con la comunidad fitoplanctónica, que se encuentra en la base de las redes tróficas y actúa como estructuradora de los ecosistemas acuáticos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) relevar la diversidad del fitoplancton de la RNUO; 2) determinar la presencia de cianobacterias potencialmente tóxicas; 3) analizar la calidad del agua de los reservorios y compararla con niveles guía (NG); 4) establecer relaciones entre la calidad del agua y la comunidad fitoplanctónica para aportar información a emplear en futuros planes de manejo y de restauración de la RNUO. En cuatro sitios en otoño (OT1, 2, 3 y 4) y primavera (PR1, 2, 3 y 4) se registraron parámetros ambientales in situ y se tomaron muestras de agua para análisis de nutrientes, DQO, DBO, metales pesados (cromo, cobre, cadmio y plomo) y de sedimento para análisis de metales. Simultáneamente, se tomaron muestras de fitoplancton para análisis cuali-cuantitativo. La determinación taxonómica se realizó con claves específicas, se cuantificaron con microscopio invertido (método Utermöhl); se calculó su biovolumen (BVo), se analizó la diversidad específica según Shannon- Weavery se aplicó análisis de correlación de Spearman (p<0,05). En agua, el Cr superó los NG en OT1, OT2 y OT3; el Pb en OT1, OT2, PR1 y PR3; el Cu en OT4. En sedimento, el Cr superó los NG en PR1 y PR2. Los valores de DBO indicaron que los sitios estudiados corresponden a ambientes meso y oligosaprobios. La densidad mínima se registró en OT3 y PR3, la máxima en PR4. En PR la riqueza fue menor, aunque se registró un incremento de la densidad en coincidencia con el aumento de nutrientes (NO3 -, PO4). Las Chlorophyceae y Bacillariophyceae fueron dominantes en OT y PR, respectivamente. Se observó una correlación negativa y significativa entre la riqueza de especies y la temperatura, entre el BVo de Bacillariophyceae con el NH4 + y con la transparencia. Se observó una correlación positiva y significativa entre el BVo de Bacillariophyceae y Cyanobacteria con la temperatura. Se determinaron 3 spp. de cianobacterias potencialmente tóxicas, Anabaenopsis elenkinii, Raphidiopsis curvata y R. mediterranea. El género Raphidiopsis presentó una correlación positiva con el NH4 + y negativa con NO3 -. Este trabajo brinda información relevante sobre la calidad ambiental de los reservorios de la RNUO tomando a la comunidad fitoplanctónica como bioindicadora de salud ecosistémica.

An Ethnoarchaeological Study on Anthropic Markers from a Shell-midden in Tierra del Fuego (Southern Argentina): Lanashuaia II Zurro Hernández, Débora; Negre Pérez, Joan; Ruiz Pérez, Javier; Alvarez, Myrian Rosa; Briz Godino, Ivan; Caro, Jorge For many years the identification of activity areas has been carried out through the spatial distribution of lithics, zooarchaeological remains and specific features such as fireplaces. However, these data are rarely combined and integrated with results from specific analytical techniques such as phytoliths, organic matter, carbonates and multielemental analysis. This research presents the first results of an intrasite spatial analysis on a layer from the site Lanashuaia II, a shell-midden located on the Beagle Channel coast (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). Ethnoarchaeology is used as a methodological tool to give content to the concept of anthropic markers by means of formulating archaeological hypothesis on the basis of ethnological information. This paper presents the application of specific anthropic markers, which have been designed and applied to identify ashy remains and waste areas through different combinations of proxies. The results show how an approach that integrates different techniques enhances data interpretation and allows to give visibility to activities that may not leave visible evidences.

A comparative study of Three–Phase Dual Active Bridge Converters for renewable energy applications Núñez, Rubén Orlando; Oggier, German Gustavo; Botterón, Fernando; Garcia, Guillermo The influence of different transformers in the operation of a three–phase dual active bridges DC–DC converter is analyzed. The transformers considered have their windings connected in star–star, delta–delta, star–delta and delta–star. The main objective of this paper is to obtain factors of merits to allow the selection of a transformer which will yield higher converter performance for a given application. These factors of merits allows estimate the losses in power semiconductors and high frequency transformers. Additionally, operation regions under soft switching are deduced for each transformer.

À la recherche d’importations européennes dans les peintures de paysage de la région de Córdoba (Argentine) au début du xx siècle; In search of European introductions in the landscapes near Córdoba (Argentina) at the beginning of the XXth century Metzger, Alexis; Tabeaud, Martine; Mafferra, Luis Eduardo; Marconetto, María Bernarda En la provincia de Córdoba (centro de la Argentina) durante la primer mitad del siglo XX, los pintores presentan especies vegetales europeas. Estos elementos del paisaje, muestran una mixtura entre lo local y lo venido de afuera. Los migrantes importaron sus imaginarios paisajísticos europeos que van a reproducir en su nuevo hogar. Los indicadores de estas transformaciones en el paisaje observadas en las pinturas fueron cruzadas con otros testimonios contemporáneos.; Dans la région de Córdoba (centre de l’Argentine) durant la première moitié du XXe siècle, les peintres montrent des espèces végétales venues d’Europe. Ces éléments du paysage participent d’un mixte entre ce qui est argentin et ce qui vient d’ailleurs. Car les migrants qui ont importé leurs imaginaires paysagers européens vont s’attacher à les reproduire dans leur nouvelle patrie. Les indices de ces transformations paysagères fournis par les peintures seront croisés avec des témoignages de contemporains.; In the Córdoba area in Central Argentina during the first half of the XXth century, painters show vegetal species coming from Europe. Those landscape elements are part of a mixt between what is argentine and what comes from elsewhere. The emigrants with their European mental pictures apply themselves to recreate them in their new world. The indication of landscape transformations in the works of art will be pointed out under the light of contemporary testimonies.

Las políticas científicas recientes en las universidades nacionales Unzué, Martín; Rovelli, Laura Ines El presente trabajo enseña un análisis panorámico de dos políticas científicas implementadas en Argentina durante el período 2004-2015 y propone indagar su incidencia en el plano de las universidades nacionales. En primer lugar, se estudiaron los alcances de la política de formación de doctores con su influencia en la configuración reciente del posgrado y de la carrera docente en la universidad pública. Luego se examinó el influjo de la política de priorización de la investigación científica en las estrategias y orientaciones de los dispositivos universitarios de promoción de la investigación...

Study of the effects of spray drying in whey-starch on the probiotic capacity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 64 in the gut of mice Lavari, Luisina; Burns, Patricia Graciela; Páez, R.; Reinheimer, Jorge Alberto; Vinderola, Celso Gabriel Aims: To evaluate the effects of spray drying of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 64 on its capacity to modulate the gut immune response and on the attenuation of TNBS-induced colitis in mice. Methods and Results: Lactobacillus rhamnosus 64 was spray dried in cheese whey-starch solution and administered to mice for 3, 6 or 10 consecutive days. Peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity, secretory IgA levels in the small intestinal fluid and TNFα, IFNγ, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-2 levels in homogenates of the small and large intestine were determined. The effects of spray drying were also evaluated in an acute model of Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. A shift in the regulation of immune parameters, particularly the cytokine profile, was observed for mice treated with the spray-dried culture, compared to the profile observed in animals that received the strain as fresh culture (FC). The spray-dried culture of L. rhamnosus 64 showed anti-inflammatory properties in murine model of TNBS-induced colitis. Conclusions: The spray-drying process of L. rhamnosus 64 in whey-starch modified its immunomodulating capacity in healthy animals and conferred enhanced protection in an in vivo model of inflammation. Significance and Impact of the Study: Probiotic capacity can be affected by spray drying in relation to the properties observed for the strain as an overnight FC. This fact should be taken into account when producing the culture for its application in the industry.

Correlation between in vitro and in vivo assays in selection of probiotics from traditional species of bacteria Vinderola, Celso Gabriel; Gueimonde, Miguel; Gomez-Gallego, Carlos; Delfederico, Lucrecia; Salminen, Seppo Background In vitro selection tests such as exposure to low pH and bile salts, competitive exclusion of pathogens, adherence to cell lines and prokaryotic-eukaryotic co-cultures have been commonly used to predict the functional properties of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria for their use as probiotics. However, the correlation of in vitro results with in vivo performance remains obscure. Scope and approach To review the current state of evidence linking in vitro predictions to in vivo outcomes in selecting probiotic candidates and to discuss the advantages and limitations of the various assays presently available. Key findings and conclusions The successful use of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria as traditional probiotics is based on their occurrence in human milk, naturally fermented foods, in the gastrointestinal tract and feces of infants and adults as well as on their culturability, technological robustness and long history of safe use. The lack of standardized protocols for in vitro and in vivo studies hampers comparison of the potential of new species and strains. There is thus a need to conduct selection of potential probiotics in a more robust manner and to focus well-defined in vitro and in vivo studies to document health benefits.

Interpretable interval type-2 fuzzy predicates for data clustering: A new automatic generation method based on self-organizing maps Comas, Diego Sebastián; Pastore, Juan Ignacio; Bouchet, Agustina; Ballarin, Virginia Laura; Meschino, Gustavo Javier In previous works, we proposed two methods for data clustering based on automatically discovered fuzzy predicates which were referred to as SOM-based Fuzzy Predicate Clustering (SFPC) [Meschino et al., Neurocomputing, 147, 47–59 (2015)] and Type-2 Data-based Fuzzy Predicate Clustering (T2-DFPC) [Comas et al., Expert Syst. Appl., 68, 136–150 (2017)]. In such methods, fuzzy predicates allow both data clustering and knowledge discovering about the obtained clusters. This last feature constitutes novelty comparing to other existing approaches and it is a major contribution in the data clustering field. Based on these previous methods, in the present paper a new automatic clustering method based on fuzzy predicates is proposed which uses Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) and is called Type-2 SOM-based Fuzzy Predicate Clustering (T2-SFPC). The new method does not require any prior knowledge about the clustering addressed. First, a random partition is defined on the dataset to be clustered and SOMs are configured and trained using the resulting data subsets. Second, an automatic clustering approach is applied on the SOM codebooks, discovering representative data of the different clusters, which are called cluster prototypes. Third, interval type-2 membership function formed by Gaussian-shape sub-functions and fuzzy predicates are defined, allowing data clustering and its interpretation. The proposed method preserves all the advantages of the previous methods SFPC and T2-DFPC in relation to the knowledge extraction capabilities and their potential application on distributed clustering and parallel computing, but results obtained on several public datasets tested showed more compactness and separation of the clusters defined by the T2-SFPC, outperforming both the previous methods and the several classical clustering approaches tested, considering internal and external validation indices. Additionally, both clustering interpretation and optimization capabilities are improved by the proposed method when compared to the methods SFPC and T2-DFPC.