Quién habla en las literaturas populares: Reflexiones sobre lengua, soberanía y archivo; Who speaks in popular literatures: On language, sovereignty and archive Ennis, Juan Antonio Este trabajo se propone como un aporte a una discusión teórica y política que interroga la relación entre lengua y soberanía en el discurso de las ciencias del lenguaje en su emergencia y consolidación en el siglo XIX, y en el modo en el cual las mismas contribuyen a construir una noción de lo popular, sus modos de manifestación, registro, archivo y análisis, indagando un corpus que comienza en el centro de Europa, en la Alemania del siglo XIX, pero cuyo alcance se indaga hasta las versiones posteriores del mismo discurso en territorio sudamericano. Así, se procurará explorar en este recorrido el modo en el cual las representaciones de las formas legítimas de la expresión popular como depositarias de una tradición valiosa, originaria, reservorio de sentido para la nación establecen al mismo tiempo los rasgos y límites propios de esa legitimidad, con implicancias de orden cultural, lingüístico, moral, en definitiva, (gloto) político, cuyos alcances llegan hasta el presente.; This paper is proposed as a contribution to a theoretical and political discussion that interrogates the relationship between language and sovereignty in the discourse of language sciences in its emergence and consolidation in the 19th century, and the way in which they contribute to build a notion of the popular, its ways of being manifested, registered, stored and analyzed, exploring a corpus which starts in Central Europe, more precisely in 19th century Germany, although it includes also later versions of the same discourse in South American soil. Thus, we will try to explore the way in which the representations of the legitimate forms of popular expression as depositaries of a valuable, original tradition, reservoir of meaning for the nation, establish at the same time the features and limits of that legitimacy, with implications of cultural, linguistic, moral, and ultimately (gloto) political order, whose scope reaches up to the present.

Charge carrier transport in perylene-based and pyrene-based columnar liquid crystals Alves, Alessandro L.; Bernardino, Simone V.; Stadtlober, Carlos H.; Girotto, Edivandro; Farias, Giliandro; do Nascimento, Rodney M.; Curcio, Sergio Fernando; Cazati, Thiago; Dotto, Marta E. R.; Eccher, Juliana; Furini, Leonardo N.; Gallardo, Hugo; Bock, Harald; Bechtold, Ivan H. Electron and hole transport characteristics were evaluated for perylene-based and pyrene-based compounds using electron-only and hole-only devices. The perylene presented a columnar hexagonal liquid crystal phase at room temperature with strong molecular π-stacking inside the columns. The pyrene crystallizes bellow 166 °C, preserving the close-packed columnar rectangular structure of the mesophase. Photophysical analysis and numerical calculations assisted the interpretation of positive and negative charge carrier mobilities obtained from fitting the space charge limited regime of current vs voltage curves. The pyrene-based material demonstrated an electron mobility two orders of magnitude higher than the perylene one, indicating the potential of this class of materials as electron transporting layer.

Sex-Specific Responses to Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Marañón, Rodrigo Oscar; Moulana, Mohadetheh In recent decades, the roles of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in hypertension have been under discussion. However, the question of whether there are sex-specific responses to these agents has not received enough attention. Aim: To evaluate sex-specific differences in the responses to tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in female (F) and male (M) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and evaluate whether T cells contribute to mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes. Methods: Male and female SHRs received either tacrolimus or MMF for 14 days. The rats were implanted with radiotelemeters. MAP was measured chronically; then, circulating and renal infiltrated CD4+, CD8+, T helper 17 (Th17), and T regulatory (Treg) cells were quantified using flow cytometry. Key Findings: Tacrolimus increased MAP only in males, and it decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in both males and females (p < 0.05). The tacrolimus-induced reduction of renal CD4+ and Treg cells was more profound in males. MMF reduced MAP and circulating and renal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the male and female rats. MMF also decreased Th17 and Treg cells in both sexes, but the decrease in Th17 was higher in males (p < 0.05) and the reduction in Treg cells was higher in females (p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that the effects of tacrolimus and MMF on renal T cell subsets are sex-specific. Significance: Targeting T cells in hypertension using therapeutic agents may have different effects on men and women; so, the management of hypertension and post-transplant hypertension using these agents should be specified by gender.

Alteración hidrotermal en las rocas volcánicas que hospedan la Veta Norte, proyecto La Josefina, Patagonia Argentina; Hydrothermal alteration in the volcanic rocks that host the Veta Norte, La Josefina project, Patagonia Argentina Bouhier, Verónica Emilia; Lescano, Leticia; Muñoz Schillizi, Rocio La Veta Norte forma parte del sistema de vetas epitermales de baja a intermedia sulfuración del proyecto La Josefina, localizado en el Macizo del Deseado, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina y se aloja en rocas volcánicas jurásicas de la Formación Chon Aike. Las descripciones macroscópicas y microscópicas, análisis de difractometría de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido en muestras de testigo corona, permitieron caracterizar las litologías hospedantes y la mineralogía de la alteración hidrotermal asociada a la Veta Norte. Las texturas, las relaciones de corte y las condiciones de estabilidad de los minerales identificados, permitieron establecer una secuencia paragenética con cuatro estadios. En el estadio 1 (E1) la interacción de las rocas volcánicas con fluidos hidrotermales de pH neutro a débilmente alcalino y temperaturas entre ~ 210° y 300°C generó en los alrededores de la veta una alteración representa-da por clorita, pirita, cuarzo y adularia. Durante el estadio 2 (E2) un leve descenso del pH (entre 5 y 6) y de la temperatura de los flui-dos (entre ~ 150° y 250°C) generó condiciones favorables para la formación de illita, illita-esmectita, cuarzo y sulfuros. En el estadio 3 (E3), y a partir de aguas calentadas por vapor, se formó caolinita + calcedonia a temperaturas <190°C y pH ácido. Posteriormente a la actividad hidrotermal, la incursión de aguas meteóricas desestabilizó los minerales previos y se formaron óxidos e hidróxidos de Fe y Mn y carbonatos de Cu, característicos de la alteración supergénica (E4). Caolinita presenta cristalinidad alta en todas las rocas estudiadas, con aumento de la misma en los sectores próximos a la Veta Norte. Illita no es un buen indicador de paleoconductos ya que no presenta una variación clara de su cristalinidad respecto a la estructura mineralizada.

The gates of sleep in Aeneid 6: Falseness, poetry, and history Martinez Astorino, Pablo Leandro Since falsehood, following Hesiod´s tradition (Theog. 26-28), is linked to poetry--as the Muses can utter ψεύδεα πολλά capable of being believed as truth (i. e., plausible, uerisimilia)--, the gate of falsa insomnia crossed by Aeneas hesiodically suggests that the speech of Anchises, the history Virgil chooses to represent in Book 6, is in the realm of false things, though in a literary sense: that is, in the realm of plausible things, of poetry. At issue is history as poetic construction, emphasized especially by: 1. Anchises´ use of the word dicta to make explicit the fata; 2. fertur´s allusion to Homer and the Varronian derivation from fari of the word falsus; 3. the fact that at the very beginning of the book, an artist, Daedalus, sculpts some gates introducing the artistic interpretation for the final image of the gates (continued in the Shield of Vulcan); 4. the use of word uates in the sense of poet, vicariously applied to the mythic poet Musaeus in the catabasis and, immediately (7,41), in the prelude of the "historic" horrida bella. What is a construction to the reader is, for the character Aeneas, a revelation known only in general terms.

La variación en las clases de gramática: Propuesta Didáctica a Partir de la construcción existencial Haber + Sn; The variation in grammar classes: Didactic proposal from the existential construction Haber + Sn Zurlo, Adriana Alicia Este trabajo propone una intervención didáctica sobre aspectos gramaticales del verbo en español para un aula de nivel superior. La secuencia didáctica descrita pretende articular la comprensión de conceptos teórico-prácticos presentes en los materiales de enseñanza (predicado verbal,estructura argumental, cómo identificar y analizar los argumentos de un verbo) con el estudio contrastivo a partir de un pequeño corpus de usos lingüísticos de variedades de español hablado en el Nordeste argentino. Al tener en cuenta el concepto de instrumento lingüístico (Arnoux,2016), argumentamos que la secuencia didáctica en este caso puede ser pensada como un dispositivo normativo, destinado a regular prácticas lingüísticas, modos de leer, interpretar,saber y hacer análisis gramatical, estableciendo las formas correctas y las que no lo son. La investigación se basa en datos provenientes de registros de clases, apuntes y materiales didácticos de elaboración propia, así como las producciones de los estudiantes. La secuencia didáctica implementada involucró distintos momentos, actividades y producciones cuyo foco fue el análisis contrastivo de la construcción verbal haber con valor presentativo-existencial a partir de muestras de habla regionales compiladas por los estudiantes para detectar posibles variaciones. Esperamos que esta descripción de la secuencia didáctica y la reflexión sobre sus alcances puedan contribuir a promover prácticas de enseñanza atentas a la diversidad lingüística local.; This paper proposes a didactic intervention on grammatical aspects of the verb in Spanish for a higher level classroom. The didactic sequence described aims to articulate the understanding of theoretical-practical concepts present in the teaching materials (verbal predicate, argument structure, how to identify and analyze the arguments of a verb) with the contrastive study based on a small corpus of linguistic uses of local varieties of Spanish spoken in Northeast Argentina. Taking into account the concept of linguistic instrument (Arnoux, 2016), we argue that the didactic sequence in this case can also be thought of as a normative device, intended to regulate linguistic practices, ways of reading, interpreting, knowing and doing grammatical analysis, establishing the correct ways and those that are not. The research is based on data from class records, notes and self-made teaching materials as well as student productions. The didactic sequence implemented involved different moments, activities and productions whose focus was the contrastive analysis of the verbal construction haber with presentative-existential value based on regional speech samples compiled by the students to detect possible variations. We hope that this description of the didactic sequence and the reflection on its scope can contribute to promoting teaching practices that are attentive to local linguistic diversity.

Occupational complexity of paid work and housework, and its impact on the cognitive performance in community dwelling older adults, preliminary results; Complexidade ocupacional do trabalho remunerado e o trabalho doméstico e seu impacto no desempenho cognitivo de idosos residentes na comunidade, resultados preliminares Feldberg, Carolina; Barreyro, Juan Pablo; Quián, Maria del Rosario; Hermida, Paula Daniela; Ofman, Silvia Deborah; Irrazabal, Natalia Carolina; Tartaglini, Maria Florencia; Serrano, Cecilia Mariela Work and activity could be an important source of cognitive enrichment. Activities that are more challenging concerning the cognitive functions that are put into practice are associated with lower risk of cognitive decline in old age. Objective: The present study aimed to assess the impact of occupational complexity and household tasks in three cognitive domains (verbal episodic memory, language, and executive functions) in older adults residing within the community. Methods: A trail analysis was executed, using the structural equations procedure in 120 participants assessed with main lifetime occupational activity and household tasks questionnaire, as well as a neuropsychological assessment battery for memory, language, and executive functions. Results: The regression weights analysis indicated that complexity in household chores showed moderate effects on executive functions (β=0.19; p=0.027) and that occupational complexity of paid work showed effects on memory (β=0.26; p=0.008), language (β=0.38; p<0.001), and executive functions (β=0.55; p<0.001). Conclusion: Paid work promotes cognitive reserve, contrary to household activities which seem to have a moderate impact on cognition. Differences in activity complexity not only impact people´s economic and social status and possibilities but can also determine different courses of aging and cognitive risk.; . Trabalho e atividade podem ser importantes fontes de enriquecimento cognitivo. Atividades que são mais desafiadoras quanto às funções cognitivas postas em prática se associam a menor risco de declínio cognitivo em idade avançada. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o impacto da complexidade ocupacional e das tarefas domésticas em três domínio cognitivos (memória episódica verbal, linguagem e funções executivas) em idosos residentes na comunidade. Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise de trilha com o uso de procedimento de equações estruturais em 120 participantes, avaliados por meio de: questionário das principais atividades ocupacionais e tarefas domésticas da vida, bem como bateria de avaliação neuropsicológica para memória, linguagem e funções executivas. Resultados: A análise dos pesos de regressou mostrou que a complexidade nas tarefas domésticas apresenta efeitos moderados nas funções executivas (β=0,19; p=0,027) e que a complexidade ocupacional do trabalho remunerado teve efeitos sobre a memória (β=0,26; p=0,008), linguagem (β=0,38; p<0,001) e funções executivas (β=0,55; p<0,001). Conclusão: O trabalho remunerado promove a reserva cognitiva, em contraste com as atividades domésticas, que parecem ter impacto moderado na cognição. As diferenças na complexidade das atividades não apenas impactam o status econômico e social e as possibilidades das pessoas, mas também podem determinar diferentes cursos de envelhecimento e risco cognitivo.

The spectroscopic orbit of HD 168112 A,B in NGC 6604: another massive binary target for interferometry Putkuri, Cristina Ester; Gamen, Roberto Claudio; Morrell, Nidia Irene; Maíz Apellániz, Jesús; Arias, J. I.; Simón Díaz, S.; Ferrero, Gonzalo Ariel; Rodríguez, C. N.; Sota, A.; Benvenuto, Omar Gustavo; Barba, Rodolfo Héctor We present the first spectroscopic orbit of the O-type double-lined star HD 168112 A,B. We analyse 101 high-resolution optical spectra identifying the absorption lines of both components. The orbital solution presents a relatively long period, P = 513.52 ± 0.01 d, and a high eccentricity, e = 0.743 ± 0.005. The binary system consists of two very similar stars of minimum masses of ~25 M⊙, effective temperatures of ~40 000 K, and surface gravities of ~3.7 dex. The system has a minimum semimajor axis a sin i ~ 1000 R⊙. We confirm that the A and B visual components identified via interferometry do correspond to the spectroscopic ones. We also analyse the underlying stellar groups using Gaia DR3 data and ground-based spectroscopy as part of the Villafranca project, determining that NGC 6604 is at a distance of 1942−36+38" role="presentation">1942+38−36 pc and giving spectral classifications for 23 massive stellar systems in Villafranca O-035 and the surrounding Ser OB2 association, for which we provide the most complete census of massive stars to date.

Fundamental parameters of two O9-type giant stars: the (former) spectral classification standard HD 93249 A and ALS 12502 A Ansín, Tomás; Gamen, Roberto Claudio; Morrell, Nidia Irene; Barba, Rodolfo Héctor; Maíz Apellániz, Jesús; Arias, J. I.; Simón Díaz, S.; Holgado, G. The evolution of massive stars is not completely understood. Several phenomena affect their birth, life, and death, multiplicity being one of them. In this context, the OWN and MONOS projects are systematically observing O- and WN-type stars whose multiplicity status is unknown. Their major goal considers the necessity of determining absolute parameters of massive stars. We have collected spectra of HD 93249 A and ALS 12502 A aiming at characterizing their binary nature. For both stars, we analysed high-resolution spectra and combined them with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations to be compared with binary models constructed by means of the PHOEBE code. We discovered that the radial velocity of HD 93249 A varies with a period of 2.97968 ± 0.00001 d and that the system presents ellipsoidal light variations. We disentangled the composite spectra and classified its components as O9 III and B1.5 III, respectively. Confirmed as a spectroscopic binary, HD 93249 A can no longer be used as spectral classification standard. ALS 12502 A turned out to be a detached eclipsing binary in the TESS and Gaia data. These results enable us to determine absolute parameters for each component in the system.

Democracia y filosofía como forma de vida Farrán, Roque En este texto me referiré a los tres conceptos principales que definen a la democracia moderna: igualdad, libertad, fraternidad; y lo haré desde una perspectiva filosófica materialista que se asume como forma de vida. El giro práctico que promuevo hace tiempo se nutre de elaboraciones ontológicas, críticas y éticas para pensar nuestro presente. Procederé aquí al modo materialista, trazando demarcaciones conceptuales y adelantando tesis cuyas consecuencias no desarrollaré en extensión porque son cuestiones que vengo presentando en distintos textos y lugares. Así, muestro en acto un modo de pensar que se forja en el entrelazamiento de diversos tópicos y, al finalizar, propongo ejercicios concretos.

La escritura de sí en clave materialista como una revalorización de la práctica filosófica; A escrita de si em chave materialista como uma revalorização da prática filosófica; The writing of the self from a materialist perspective us a revalorization of the philosophical practice Farrán, Roque En este texto pretendo cuestionar la idea habitual que nos hacemos de la escritura académica filosófica y proponer otra más clásica. Se suele usar la escritura como una instancia de comunicación de investigaciones o experiencias previas, pero ¿qué sucedería si consideráramos a la escritura como un ejercicio de pensamiento y formación en acto? La escritura de sí no es literatura del yo ni autobiografía, sino un modo material concreto de constitución de sí a través de la recolección de discursos y enseñanzas de otros (maestros, legados, tradiciones). Por eso deseo recuperar esta función práctica de la escritura de sí que retoman Foucault y Hadot de los antiguos para promoverla como un ethos o incluso método de pensamiento contemporáneo. Por último, propongo algunas meditaciones concretas para ejercitarse. La apuesta de este escrito es revalorizar la escritura académica no solo como comunicación de un estado del saber, sino como riguroso y libre ejercicio de constitución de sí.; Neste texto, pretendo questionar a ideia comum que temos da escrita acadêmica filosófica e propor uma mais clássica. Geralmente, a escrita é usada como uma instância de comunicação de pesquisas ou experiências anteriores, mas o que aconteceria se a considerássemos como um exercício de pensamento e formação em ação? A escrita de si não é literatura do eu nem autobiografia, mas sim um modo material concreto de autotransformação por meio da coleta de discursos e ensinamentos de outros (mestres, legados, tradições). Portanto, desejo resgatar essa função prática da escrita de si, que Foucault e Hadot retomam dos antigos para promovê-la como um ethos ou até mesmo um método de pensamento contemporâneo. Por fim, proponho algumas meditações concretas para a prática. A aposta deste escrito é revalorizar a escrita acadêmica não apenas como comunicação de um estado do conhecimento, mas como um rigoroso e livre exercício de autotransformação.; In this text, I aim to question the usual notion we have of philosophical academic writing and propose a more classical approach. Writing is often used as a means of communicating previous research or experiences, but what if we were to consider writing as an exercise of active thought and self-formation? Writing of the self is not a literature of the self or an autobiography, but rather a concrete material mode of self-constitution through the gathering of discourses and teachings from others (masters, legacies, traditions). Therefore, I wish to reclaim this practical function of writing of the self, as advocated by Foucault and Hadot in their study of the ancients, and promote it as an ethos or even a contemporary method of thinking. Finally, I propose some concrete meditations for practice. The aim of this text is to revalorize academic writing not only as a communication of the state of knowledge but as a rigorous and liberating exercise in self-construction.

Enhanced diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate predators and biological pest control but reduced crop establishment in organic rice farming Pérez Méndez, Nestor; Martínez Eixarch, M.; Llevat, R.; Mateu, D.; Marrero, Hugo Javier; Cid, N.; Catala Forner, M. Organic farming has been adopted as the main alternative to reduce the environmental impact of intensive agriculture by banning the use of synthetic inputs and bolstering key ecological functions such as biological pest control. Yet the potential cascading effects of farming management on the communities of natural enemies, the provisioning of pest control, and the ultimate impact on crop performance remain poorly explored. This is especially true for semi-aquatic crops such as rice (Oryza sativa, L) that largely depend on aquatic macroinvertebrate predators for biological pest control. Here we performed two consecutive landscape-scale field experiments by combining monthly surveys of macroinvertebrate aquatic predators with both pest predation and seed rice germination trials to assess differences between conventional and organic rice farming in all the above-mentioned issues. Specifically, we selected 6 organic and 6 conventionally managed rice paddies and evaluated differences in i) the diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate predators (taxa richness and evenness), ii) the infestation level of a seed pest (chironomids larvae), iii) the efficiency of biological pest control provisioning and iv) the impact on germination of rice seeds. Communities of macroinvertebrate aquatic predators were more diverse (taxa richness) and abundant in organic than in conventional fields, yet community evenness was higher in conventionally-managed fields. Accordingly, we found that macroinvertebrate-mediated pest control was markedly more efficient in organic farms during the establishment crop stage. Pest infestation, however, remained also higher in organic farming, most likely because biological pest control in organic fields is not able to outcompete chemical control provided in conventional fields. Finally, the increased infestation level observed in organic fields ultimately resulted in reduced germination rates of rice seeds, thus limiting crop performance. Our results highlight the potential positive effects of pesticide banning in organic rice farming on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities and the consequently improvement of biological pest control provisioning. Yet conditions enhancing biodiversity may also favor pest infestation and ultimately increase crop damage. Management recommendations should therefore account for potential services and disservices associated to organic farming in order to avoid negative yield outcomes for rice farmers.

Belgrano en el Alto Perú: Caracterización histórica e iconográfica de una insignia militar de la Guerra de Independencia del sitio Casas Grandes (Depto. Humahuaca, Jujuy); Belgrano in alto Peru: historical and iconographic characterization of a military badge of the independence war from the casas grandes site (Humahuaca department, Jujuy); Belgrano no alto Peru: caracterização histórica e iconográfica de uma insígnia militar da guerra da independência no sítio de casas grandes (depto. Humahuaca, Jujuy) Acedo, Teresa R.; Leoni, Juan Bautista En esta nota presentamos una insignia militar metálica hallada en el sitio Casas Grandes (Departamento Humahuaca, Jujuy). Tras un tratamiento de limpieza y conservación preventiva se logró identificar leyendas y motivos iconográficos en su anverso, que la vinculan con un regimiento de caballería creado por Manuel Belgrano en 1813 para su campaña hacia el Alto Perú.; In this note we present a metallic military badge found at the Casas Grandes site (Humahuaca Department, Jujuy, Argentina). After a careful cleaning and preemptive curation treatment, captions and iconographic motives on its front could be discerned, suggesting a link between this piece and a cavalry regiment created by Manuel Belgrano in 1813 for his expedition to the Alto Peru.

Belgrano en el Alto Perú: Caracterización histórica e iconográfica de una insignia militar de la Guerra de Independencia del sitio Casas Grandes (Depto. Humahuaca, Jujuy); Belgrano in alto Peru: historical and iconographic characterization of a military badge of the independence war from the casas grandes site (Humahuaca department, Jujuy); Belgrano no alto Peru: caracterização histórica e iconográfica de uma insígnia militar da guerra da independência no sítio de casas grandes (depto. Humahuaca, Jujuy) Acedo, Teresa R.; Leoni, Juan Bautista En esta nota presentamos una insignia militar metálica hallada en el sitio Casas Grandes (Departamento Humahuaca, Jujuy). Tras un tratamiento de limpieza y conservación preventiva se logró identificar leyendas y motivos iconográficos en su anverso, que la vinculan con un regimiento de caballería creado por Manuel Belgrano en 1813 para su campaña hacia el Alto Perú.; In this note we present a metallic military badge found at the Casas Grandes site (Humahuaca Department, Jujuy, Argentina). After a careful cleaning and preemptive curation treatment, captions and iconographic motives on its front could be discerned, suggesting a link between this piece and a cavalry regiment created by Manuel Belgrano in 1813 for his expedition to the Alto Peru.

Mn-porphyrins in a four-helix bundle participate in photo-induced electron transfer with a bacterial reaction center Williams, Joann; Faillace, Martín Sebastián; Gonzalez, Emilio J; Dominguez, Rodrigo Ezequiel; Knappenberger, Kenneth; Heredia, Daniel Alejandro; Moore, Thomas; Moore, Ana L; Allen, James Hybrid complexes incorporating synthetic Mn-porphyrins into an artificial four-helix bundle domain of bacterial reaction centers created a system to investigate new electron transfer pathways. The reactions were initiated by illumination of the bacterial reaction centers, whose primary photochemistry involves electron transfer from the bacteriochlorophyll dimer through a series of electron acceptors to the quinone electron acceptors. Porphyrins with diphenyl, dimesityl, or fluorinated substituents were synthesized containing either Mn or Zn. Electrochemical measurements revealed potentials for Mn(III)/Mn(II) transitions that are ~ 0.4 V higher for the fluorinated Mn-porphyrins than the diphenyl and dimesityl Mn-porphyrins. The synthetic porphyrins were introduced into the proteins by binding to a four-helix bundle domain that was genetically fused to the reaction center. Light excitation of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer of the reaction center resulted in new derivative signals, in the 400 to 450 nm region of light-minus-dark spectra, that are consistent with oxidation of the fluorinated Mn(II) porphyrins and reduction of the diphenyl and dimesityl Mn(III) porphyrins. These features recovered in the dark and were not observed in the Zn(II) porphyrins. The amplitudes of the signals were dependent upon the oxidation/reduction midpoint potentials of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer. These results are interpreted as photo-induced charge-separation processes resulting in redox changes of the Mn-porphyrins, demonstrating the utility of the hybrid artificial reaction center system to establish design guidelines for novel electron transfer reactions.

In vitro susceptibility test of Cladosporium cladosporioides isolates from Argentinian tomato crops against commercial fungicides Machuca, Laura Marcela; Acuña Ojeda, Maria Florencia; Alfaro, Esteban; Spagnolo, Lorena Cecilia; Obregon, Veronica Gabriela; Ibañez, Julia Magali; Murguia, Marcelo Cesar Tomato cultivation is an important agricultural activity in northeast of Argentina, and disease control is indispensable for its production. The purpose of the current study was to identify two fungi isolated from tomato plants cultivated in greenhouses, with symptoms of leaf mould disease and a strain of the genus Cladosporium from a culture collection, and evaluate their in vitro susceptibility to four commercial fungicides. Macro and microscopic examination, molecular characterisation and sequence analysis were applied for identification. Broth dilution and spread plate methods were used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicide concentration (MFC). The active ingredients of the products were azoxystrobin+difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole, chlorothalonil and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb. The results were processed using the Kruskal-Wallis method. The isolates were identified as Cladosporium cladosporioidesa-c; consequently, lesions found on tomato plants did not correspond to Cladosporium fulvum. There was a significant statistical difference between the obtained values. Qualitatively, the three strains had a similar behaviour for chlorothalonil (MIC values: 0.25 - 0.5 μg/ml, MFC values: 4 μg/ml). In all cases, tests with metalaxyl-M+mancozeb yielded higher values than those achieved for chlorothalonil (MIC values: 8 μg/ml, MFC values: 8- 32 μg/ml). trobilurin-formulated fungicides were less effective against C. cladosporioidesa-b (MIC values: 16-256 μg/ml, MFC values: >64 μg/ml). C. cladosporioidesc was the most sensitive isolate. The information about the presence of a non-frequent fungus and its fungicide susceptibility, would be useful for establishing control strategies and enhance production.

¿Crónica de una muerte anunciada? Una vuelta más al último malón al Fuerte San José; A chronicle of a death foretold? One more return to the last indigenous raid to fort San José Buscaglia, Silvana De los cuatro enclaves que integraron el proyecto colonizador español de la costa patagónica, solo el Fuerte San José y el Puesto de la Fuente -Península Valdés, provincia de Chubut- fueron destruidos y abandonados como consecuencia de un supuesto ataque indígena en 1810. Hasta el día de hoy, las causas de este evento permanecen imprecisas y, a lo largo del tiempo, se han sugerido distintas explicaciones. En base a los avances realizados en los últimos años, el objetivo del presente trabajo es discutir este último malón en términos de su complejidad a partir de la confrontación crítica de distintas fuentes escritas primarias, presentando evidencia inédita hasta el momento. Los resultados generados permiten formular la hipótesis en la que pobladores del fuerte tuvieron algún grado de participación en el ataque. La intervención directa de estos últimos podría tener implicancias en términos del correlato arqueológico y bioarqueológico de la confrontación.; Of the four enclaves that made up the Spanish colonization project on the Patagonian coast, only Fort San José and Puesto de la Fuente -Península Valdés, Chubut province- were destroyed and abandoned as a result of an alleged indigenous attack in 1810. To this day, the causes of this event still remain imprecise and, over time, different explanations have been suggested. Based on the advances made in recent years, the objective of this paper is to discuss this last indigenous attack in terms of its complexity based on the critical confrontation of different primary written sources, presenting hitherto unpublished evidence. The results suggest the hypothesis that settlers from the fort had some degree of participation in the attack. The direct intervention of the latter could have implications in terms of the archaeological and bioarchaeological correlate of the confrontation.

Fiestas religiosas y migraciones: virgen de Caacupé en González Catán; Religious festivity and migrations: Caacupé Virgin in González Melella, Cecilia Eleonora; Matossian, Brenda Este artículo analiza la festividad religiosa de la Virgen de Caacupé en el Club Atlético Deportivo Paraguayo de La Matanza (Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina) como una práctica social, cultural y espacial vinculada a dicha comunidad. La Matanza es un municipio con una alta concentración de población paraguaya; así, la relación entre las celebraciones y la apropiación de espacio urbano confluye por su interés y dinámica. Desde una mirada comunicacional y geográfica, el estudio de la festividad permite comprender percepciones, tensiones y silencios entre los principales actores de la comunidad migrante, del barrio y del municipio, así como las estrategias migratorias y modos de territorialización que se ponen en juego.; This article analyzes the religious festivity of the Caacupé Virgin in the Club Atlético Deportivo Paraguayo in La Matanza (Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region, Argentina) as a social, cultural, and spatial practice linked to this community. La Matanza is a municipality with a high concentration of Paraguayan population and the relationship between the celebrations and the appropriation of urban space converges due to its interest and dynamics. From a communicational and geographical perspective, the study of the festivity allows us to understand the perceptions, tensions, and silences between the main actors of the migrant community, the neighborhood, and the municipality, as well as the migratory strategies and territorialization modes that are put into play.

Spinoza en Carlos Astrada: Una lectura de dos escritos de 1933; The Presence of Spinoza in Carlos Astrada’s Philosophy: Two Writings from 1933 Sabater, Natalia Nos proponemos en este trabajo detenernos en dos escritos de Carlos Astrada, ambos del año 1933, dedicados a la filosofía de Baruch Spinoza, que despiertan la pregunta respecto de la peculiar lectura que el argentino realizó del pensador holandés y del posible vínculo que se podría proyectar entre sus filosofías. La hipótesis que defenderemos es que, reconociendo la imbricación profunda entre metafísica y ética que constituye al pensamiento de Spinoza, Astrada rescata la dimensión práctica, el proyecto ético como núcleo medular de esta filosofía y como aspecto central de la influencia del spinozismo en otros autores.; The following paper addresses two of Carlos Astrada’s writings: both dated from the year 1933, they are dedicated to the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza and become a starting point of further discussion, where questions arise regarding the peculiar reading that Astrada made of the Dutch thinker and the possible link that there could exist between their philosophies.We will defend the hypothesis that recognizing the deep imbrication between metaphysics and ethics that constitutes Spinoza’s thought, Astrada rescues the practical dimension, the ethical project as a fundamental element of this philosophy and as a central aspect of the influence of Spinozism on other authors.

The geometry of global protected lands Schauman, Santiago Augusto; Peñuelas, Josep; Jobbágy, Esteban G.; Baldi, Germán Expanding protected areas (PAs) is a worldwide endeavour aimed at addressing the biodiversity crisis and harnessing the benefits that natural ecosystems provide to humanity. However, conservation agendas often overlook the spatial geometry of PAs—shape and size—and its implications for critical issues such as agricultural encroachment, poaching, biological invasion or the contact between wildlife, domestic animals and humans. Here we show how the global PA expansion has added predominantly small and complex-shaped PAs. Consequently, one-third of protected lands are located within 2 km of unprotected areas, while only 0.6% extend beyond 100 km. Developed countries tend to have smaller, dispersed, perforated and fragmented PAs, while less-affluent nations host larger, more-compact units. Relatively smaller and less-compact PAs were also found within the world’s most critically endangered biomes. The results highlight overlooked threats for the long-term conservation of nature and global environmental sustainability. As countries continue to expand their PA networks, the consideration of the spatial geometry of protected lands becomes urgent.