Un estudio de las redes de cooperación académica en la función investigación de las carreras de letras de la Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (1996-2016); A study of academic cooperation networks in the research function of Literature studies at the Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (1996-2016) Forchino, María Verónica; Gasel, Alejandro Fabian Al utilizar la metodología de análisis de redes sociales, a partir de los datos públicos disponibles en los informes de proyectos de investigación, observamos las dinámicas de colaboración, los colegios invisibles y la aparición y consolidación de grupos de investigación. En este marco el objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la dinámica de colaboración académica en la Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) mediante el análisis de redes de participación a eventos científicos de los grupos de investigación del campo de las letras (que incluyen estudios literarios, lingüísticos y semióticos) en el período de 1996 a 2016. Los resultados hallados pueden dar cuenta de la dinámica de institucionalización de la investigación en el campo de las letras desde las configuraciones de los grupos de investigación. Mediante el análisis de redes sociales y redes de afiliación hemos observado patrones que ponen de manifiesto diferentes herramientas para consolidar investigaciones en áreas específicas de las letras. Mediante la participación a eventos científicos los investigadores establecen colegios invisibles que favorecen a la consolidación de una comunidad con relaciones densas que, poco a poco, comienza a delimitar sus espacios y áreas de influencia. Realizamos el análisis de caso con la pretensión de sentar bases que demuestran la importancia de complementar los estudios de corte socio-históricos de institucionalización del campo académico con el análisis de redes de intelectuales, para poder enriquecer la comprensión de la dinámica de construcción colectiva del campo científico.; By utilizing the social network analysis methodology, based on publicly available data from research project reports, we observe the dynamics of collaboration, invisible colleges, and the emergence and consolidation of research groups. Within this framework, this study aims to investigate the dynamics of academic collaboration at the Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) through the analysis of participation networks in scientific events among research groups in the field of Literature (including literary, linguistic, and semiotic studies) during the period from 1996 to 2016. The findings uncovered have the potential to provide insights into the institutionalization dynamics of research in the field of literature. Leveraging both social network and affiliation network analyses, this study reveals patterns that shed light on various strategies for consolidating research efforts within specific realms of literary exploration. Through participation in scientific events, researchers establish invisible intellectual communities that contribute to forming closely connected networks that gradually define their spaces and spheres of influence. This case study is a foundational effort, emphasizing the importance of complementing socio-historical studies of academic institutionalization with intricate analyses of intellectual networks. This comprehensive approach enriches understanding of the collective construction dynamics inherent within the scientific field.

Importance of urban green areas’ connectivity for the conservation of pollinators Graffigna, Sofia; González Vaquero, Rocío Ana; Torretta, Juan Pablo; Marrero, Hugo Javier Urbanization is one of the main processes generating large changes on the Earth's surface. The remaining green spaces within cities can be of utmost importance for pollinator conservation. Through a systematic literature review, we evaluate how the connectivity of urban green areas (parks, gardens, squares, among others) in different cities can affect the richness and abundance of pollinators. We utilize a connectivity metric using satellite images corresponding to 241 urban green areas obtained from 20 published works. The green areas were classified in urban, peri-urban and non-urban according to their percentage of impervious surface estimated in each image. The metric relates the connectivity of green areas contained within images with a radius of 500 m immersed within a city. Our study shows the richness and abundance of pollinators is positively correlated with the connectivity of green areas in sites with different degrees of urbanization, mainly in urban and peri-urban sites. Our results emphasize the importance of green spaces to maintain the pollinator’s community in cities, and suggest that proper design and/or management could improve conditions for these important insects.

Asociación entre Inflamación y Desempeño Cognitivo en Adultos: Revisión Sistemática en PubMed 2017-2022; Association Between Inflammation And Cognitive Performance In Adults: Systematic Review In Pubmed 2017-2022 Martino, Pablo Luis; Bonet, José; Cervigni, Mauricio; De Bortoli, Miguel Ángel; Gallegos, Miguel; Politis, Daniel Gustavo Introducción: El declive de las funciones cognitivas es uno de los principales cambios negativos asociados al envejecimiento. En los últimos años creció el interés por determinar si la inflamación incide en el declive cognitivo y en qué magnitud. El objetivo fue revisar la literatura en busca de estudios que investigaron la asociación entre la inflamación y el desempeño en dominios cognitivos específicos (ej. memoria, atención o lenguaje), en adultos de todas las edades. Métodos: Fue consultada la base PubMed entre 2017-2022. Se procedió con una revisión sistemática conforme a la declaración PRISMA y se seleccionaron 27 artículos científicos. Resultados: 26 de 27 artículos advirtieron que mayor inflamación se asocia a peor desempeño en atención, memoria, funciones ejecutivas, lenguaje y velocidad de procesamiento, entre los principales dominios cognitivos. Las evidencias comprenden a adultos de distintas edades, con y sin antecedentes de enfermedad inflamatoria o neuropsiquiátrica. Ocho estudios longitudinales indicaron que la inflamación es un importante predictor del declive cognitivo. Conclusión: Un mayor nivel de inflamación se asocia a peor desempeño en dominios cognitivos específicos, con evidencias para adultos de distintas edades, con y sin antecedentes de enfermedad. Se ofrecen algunas recomendaciones metodológicas para mejorar la comparabilidad entre estudios.; Introduction: The decline of cognitive functions is one of the main negative changes associated with aging. In recent years, interest has grown in determining whether inflammation affects cognitive decline and to what extent. The objective was to review the literature for studies that investigated the association between inflammation and performance in specific cognitive domains (example, memory, attention, or language), and in adults of all ages. Methods: The PubMed database was consulted between 2017-2022. A systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement and 27 scientific articles were selected. Results: 26 out of 27 articles warned that greater inflammation is associated with poorer performance in attention, memory, executive functions, language, and processing speed, among the main cognitive domains. The evidence includes adults of various ages with and without a history of inflammatory or neuropsychiatric disease. Eight longitudinal studies indicated that inflammation is an important predictor of cognitive decline. Conclusion: The reviewed studies suggest that a higher level of inflammation is associated with worse performance in specific cognitive domains, with evidence for adults of different ages, with and without a history of disease. Some methodological recommendations are offered to improve the comparability between studies.

Los biocombustibles y la transectorialidad del agronegocio en Córdoba, Argentina; Biofuels and cross-sectoral agrobusiness in Córdoba, Argentina Saccucci, Erika Ave Oria; Reinoso, Paula Daniela En este artículo se realiza un análisis documental de notas periodísticas y fuentes secundarias sobre las transformaciones del agronegocio en la provincia de Córdoba en Argentina en el período 2006-2023, en el marco de la crisis energética mundial y del desarrollo de agrocombustibles. Se identificaron un conjunto de sectores productivos que se articulan de modo transectorial, así como políticas locales que promueven y contribuyen a consolidar el territorio cordobés como un enclave estratégico a nivel nacional para la producción de bioetanol a base de maíz; lo que, por ejemplo, se expresa en el desarrollo de autovías para garantizar la conectividad entre los centros de producción de la materia prima y las industrias de producción agroenergética.; In this article we carry out a documentary analysis of journalistic notes and secondary sources of the transformation of agrobusiness in the province of Córdoba in Argentina in the context of the global energy crisis and the development of agrofuels. In this scenario, we identified a set of productive sectors that are articulated in a cross-sectoral way, as well as local policies that promote and contribute to consolidate the territory of Cordoba as a strategic enclave at a national level for the production of bioethanol based on corn; which, for example, is expressed in the development of highways to ensure connectivity between raw material production centres and agro-energy production industries.

Agentes Sanitarios y mSalud: Adopción de estrategias para la prevención del cáncer cervicouterino en Argentina; Community Health Workers and mHealth: Adoption of strategies for the prevention of cervical cancer in Argentina Sánchez Antelo, Victoria Inés María; Paolino, Melisa Delia; Arrossi, Silvina Introducción: La estrategia ATICA es una intervención multicomponente basada en el envío de mensajes SMS a las mujeres VPH+ para promover la realización de la citología de triaje. Pasados 60 días, se envió además un correo electrónico y un mensaje al Agente Sanitario (AS) para que visitara a las mujeres que no habían acudido al triaje. Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones y experiencias de AS sobre barreras y facilitadores de la implementación de la intervención multicomponente y su intención de adoptarla en la rutina de trabajo. Métodos: Se utilizaron modelos teóricos de las ciencias de la implementación para diseñar una encuesta para los AS participantes del estudio ATICA. Se midió la asociación entre características de AS y factores que facilitaron u obstaculizaron la implementación y la intención de adoptar ATICA. Se utilizó el software IBM SPSS para calcular el chi-cuadrado y evaluar asociaciones. Resultados: De 221 participantes en ATICA, 197 AS completaron la encuesta. 78,3% adoptaría la estrategia en su rutina de trabajo sin diferencias entre perfiles sociodemográficos o según la familiaridad en el uso del teléfono. La intención de adoptar ATICA fue mayor entre quienes la perciben como una ventaja relativa (81% vs. 62,5%; p=0,04) y entre quienes fue fácil registrar el teléfono de la mujer (81,8% vs. 64,3%; p=0,04). 98,3% afirmó que se requieren estrategias para ampliar la cobertura de triaje en la provincia (hay tensión al cambio). Conclusión: La alta intención de adoptar la estrategia ATICA entre los AS contribuirá al futuro escalamiento de la intervención.; Introduction: the ATICA strategy was a multicomponent mHealth intervention based on sending SMS messages to HPV+ women to promote triage cytology. After 60 days, an email and a SMS message were also sent to the Community Health Worker (CHW) to visit women who had not attended triage. Aim: to analyze the perceptions of CHWs about barriers and facilitators of the implementation of the multicomponent intervention and their intention to adopt it. Methods: we evaluated the implementation of the intervention using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and RE-AIM framework. CHWs were asked to complete an anonymous, self-administered survey to evaluate their intention to adopt the intervention and to identify barriers and facilitators. We measured the association between intention to adopt the ATICA strategy and CFIR constructs. We used IBM SPSS software to calculate the chi-square and evaluate associations. Results: of the 221 CHWs in the ATICA study, 197 completed the survey. 78,3 % of them would adopt the strategy in their work without differences between sociodemographic profiles or according to familiarity with phone use. The intention to adopt ATICA was higher among those who perceived it as a relative advantage (81 % vs. 62,5 %; p=0,04) and among those who found it easy to register phone numbers (81,8 % vs. 64,3 %; p=0,04). 98,3 % stated that strategies were needed to expand triage coverage in the province. Conclusion: the high intention to adopt the ATICA strategy among CHWs will contribute to the future scalingup of the intervention.

Agronegocio y crisis hídrica en la cuenca del río Paraná; Agribusiness and water crisis in the Paraná river basin Álvarez, Álvaro En las últimas tres décadas se dio un proceso de expansión persistente del agronegocio y los monocultivos sobre la cuenca del río Paraná. Dicha expansión obedeció a un aumento de la demanda internacional de commodities lo que impulsó la denominada pampeanización del noreste argentino. Este fenómeno trajo aparejados dos procesos entrelazados: la construcción de una hidrovía sobre el río Paraná que permite la circulación y exportación de la producción agraria desde los principales puertos, y la expansión de los monocultivos sobre bosques nativos y humedales. La triada: agronegocios, deforestación e hidrovía, constituyen las dimensiones más importantes de análisis en esta investigación, que desde una mirada sistémica y compleja busca poner en contexto la crisis hídrica que atraviesa la región en general, y la bajante extrema del río Paraná en particular, para desentramar sus principales causas.; In the last three decades there has been a process of persistent expansion of agribusiness and monocultures in the Paraná River basin. This expansion was due to an increase in the international demand for commodities, which drove the so-called "pampeanization" of northeastern Argentina. This phenomenon brought about two intertwined processes: the construction of a waterway on the Paraná River that allows the circulation and export of agricultural production from the main ports, and the expansion of monocultures on native forests and wetlands. The triad: agribusiness, waterway and deforestation, constitute the most important dimensions of analysis in this research, which from a systemic and complex viewpoint seeks to put into context the water crisis that the region is going through in general and the extreme low water level of the Paraná River in particular, in order to unravel its main causes.

Prácticas educativas en el marco de la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe: El Encuentro Provincial Interescolar de Cultura y Lengua Quichua en el Departamento Figueroa (Santiago del Estero) durante la pandemia del COVID-19; Educational practices in the context of Intercultural Bilingual Education: The Provincial Interschool Meeting of Quichua Language and Culture, Department Figueroa (Santiago del Estero) during the COVID-19 pandemic Martinez, Nahuel Nicolas La ejecución de políticas públicas relativas a la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB) en Santiago del Estero (SdelE) ha contemplado de manera insuficiente la situación sociolingüística de la provincia. En tales circunstancias, este artículo busca aportar conocimiento sobre la situación de esta modalidad en el ámbito provincial. Para ello, nos proponemos como objetivo indagar en las prácticas educativas que despliegan los/as docentes del único Profesorado de Educación Primaria con orientación en EIB de SdelE. Particularmente, nos detendremos en el Encuentro Provincial Interescolar de Cultura y Lengua quichua que organizó la institución en los años 2020 y 2021. Metodológicamente, retomamos los aportes de la etnografía mediada por las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs), y las contribuciones de la antropología de la educación. Realizamos registros y entrevistas en la virtualidad y, posteriormente, en el profesorado. Señalamos las problemáticas socioeducativas que florecieron en la pandemia del COVID-19 y aquellas que se agudiza ron, como también las diferentes prácticas que los/as docentes desplegaron para atenderlas. Finalizamos planteando que los/as docentes y estudiantes del profesorado se apropiaron de las TICs, y de la EIB en diálogo con la comunidad, lo que permitió darle visibilidad a la modalidad en sus propios términos.; The implementation of public policies related to Intercultural Bilingual Education (IBE) in Santiago del Estero (SdelE) has insufficiently considered the sociolinguistic situation of the province. In this milieu, this article seeks to provide knowledge about the situation of this type of education in the provincial context. To do so, we aim to investigate the educational practices carried out by the teachers of the unique Primary Education Teacher Training with orientation in IBE in SdelE. Specifically, we will focus on the Provincial Inter-school Meeting of Quichua Culture and Language organized by the institution in 2020 and 2021. Methodologically, we draw on the contributions of ethnography using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the contributions of the anthropology of education. We made records and interviews in virtual and later at the teacher training school. We highlight the socio-educational problems that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic and those that had increased. We also examine the different practices that teachers carried out to respond to them. We conclude by stating that teachers and students in the teacher training school appropriated ICTs and IBE in dialogue with the community, which granted visibility of this type of education on its own terms.

El sendero industrial del almidón nativo en Argentina: Elecciones técnicas en una cooperativa de productores; A trajetória industrial do amido nativo na Argentina: Escolhas técnicas em uma cooperativa de produtores Padawer, Ana El almidón de mandioca (Manioc sculenta cranz) se obtiene actualmente en Argentina mediante técnicas industriales de tratamiento de las raíces. Con ellas se produce la fécula conocida comercialmente como “nativa”, ya que se utilizaba para alimentación humana en América desde tiempos previos a la colonización europea. A diferencia de otros países de Latinoamérica donde la mandioca se ha patrimonializado a partir de la gastronomía de tradición indígena, en Argentina este cultivo ha seguido casi exclusivamente un sendero industrial modernizador, donde los pequeños productores descendientes de colonos europeos juegan un lugar protagónico. Mediante un trabajo etnográfico con una cooperativa de productores/as que elabora almidones, analizo algunas elecciones técnicas que realizaron los cooperativistas, resolviendo los problemas más importantes que emergieron transitando este sendero industrial en las últimas tres décadas, mediante comunidades de práctica articuladas dentro de las almidoneras.; O amido de mandioca (Manihot esculenta, Cranz) é obtido atualmente na Argentina por meio de técnicas de tratamento industrial de raízes. Com eles é produzido o amido conhecido comercialmente como “nativo”, por ser utilizado para consumo humano na América desde tempos anteriores à colonização europeia. Ao contrário de outros países latino-americanos onde a mandioca se tornou patrimônio da gastronomia de tradição indígena, na Argentina esta cultura seguiu quase exclusivamente um caminho industrial modernizador, onde pequenos produtores descendentes de colonos europeus desempenham um papel protagonista. Através de um trabalho etnográfico com uma cooperativa de produtores que fabrica amidos, analiso algumas escolhas técnicas feitas pelas cooperativas, resolvendo os problemas mais importantes que surgiram ao longo deste percurso industrial nas últimas três décadas, através de comunidades articuladas de prática dentro das fecularias.

El amor como tema fundamental de la fenomenología (homenaje a Roberto Walton); Love as a fundamental theme of phenomenology (tribute to Roberto Walton) Roggero, Jorge Luis Este artículo tiene un doble propósito. En primer lugar, mostrar cómo Walton señala la importancia decisiva del amor como problema fundamental de la fenomenología, demostrando que no solo es una cuestión esencial para Max Scheler, sino que también cumple un rol protagónico en la propuesta de Husserl e incluso en la de Heidegger. En segundo lugar, este texto también se propone dar cuenta del modo en el que Walton dialoga con los planteos fenomenológicos más recientes, poniéndolos a prueba en el marco interno de su propia lógica. En particular, me detendré en la lectura crítica del fenómeno erótico marioniano propuesta por Walton en la que, asimismo, delinea una concepción propia del amor.; This article has a double purpose. In the first place, it aims to show how Walton points out the decisive importance of love as a fundamental problem of phenomenology, demonstrating that it is not only an essential issue for Max Scheler, but also plays a leading role in Husserl’s proposal and even in Heidegger’s. Secondly, this text also intends to account for the way in which Walton dialogues with the most recent phenomenological trends, putting them to the test within the internal framework of his own logic. In particular, I will dwell on the critical reading of the Marionian erotic phenomenon proposed by Walton in which he, likewise, outlines his own conception of love.

Christopher Alexander en los orígenes del abordaje colaborativo de la vivienda: la experiencia de Mexicali; Christopher Alexander on the origins of the collaborative approach to housing: the Mexicali experience Palero, Juan Santiago Las intervenciones colaborativas sobre el hábitat suelen presentarse enfatizando sus aspectos novedosos, como si representaran una absoluta ruptura con respecto a las preexistencias. Esta estrategia de diferenciación, frente a un contexto marcado por el individualismo y la competencia, implica el riesgo de generar una constante sensación de amnesia y fugacidad que ignora la profundidad de sus orígenes. Para brindar anclaje histórico y densidad conceptual a estas intervenciones colaborativas, se propone reconstruir sus raíces conceptuales indagando en el aporte de la participación en arquitectura de vivienda, como una de sus principales vertientes. Con ese objetivo, se recuperan las estrategias desplegadas por el equipo de Christopher Alexander en el abordaje de un proyecto que buscaba contrarrestar el déficit habitacional de una ciudad latinoamericana en vertiginoso crecimiento: el conjunto de viviendas de Mexicali, en Baja California, México. A través de una revisión bibliográfica que combina la producción teórica de este autor –recientemente fallecido– en libros y artículos, junto a entrevistas y documentos que remiten al estado actual del conjunto, se sintetizan aciertos y puntos críticos de la intervención para rastrear su continuidad en el contexto actual de la vivienda liderada por la comunidad, y en particular en la Producción Social del Hábitat.; Collaborative interventions on the environment tend to present themselves highlighting their innovative aspects, as if representing an absolute clash with the previous state. This strategy of standing out, within a context of individualism and competition, implies the risk of creating a constant sensation of amnesia and transience that ignores the depth of its origins. In order to bring historical footing and conceptual density to these interventions, the proposition is to reconstruct their conceptual roots by investigating the input of participation in housing architecture, as one of its main aspects. With this objective, there’s a recovery of strategies developed by Christopher Alexander’s team when seeking to counter the housing deficit in a LatinAmerican city facing rapid population growth: the Mexicali experimental project in Baja California, Mexico. Through a bibliographical revision, which integrates the theory produced by this recently deceased author in books and articles, along with interviews and documents pertinent to the current state of the project, successes and critical points of the intervention are synthesized to trace their continuity in the current context of this community-led housing, and specifically in the social production of habitat.

Venturiella acrifolia (Erpodiaceae, Bryophyta), new to the dry forest from Argentina; Venturiella acrifolia (Erpodiaceae, Bryophyta), nueva para el bosque seco de Argentina Suarez, Guillermo Martin; Roger, Enrique; Alvarez, Denise Jacqueline Background and aims: In the course of floristic dry forest sampling, specimens of Venturiella acrifolia were collected in Santiago del Estero and Santa Fe provinces. This record constitutes the first report in Argentina and the second in South America. M&M: Specimens collected in 2019 and 2023 were analyzed morphologically using conventional techniques for bryophytes and housed in DTE, LIL, MFA and SDE. Results: The species is described and illustrated. Conclusions: This work confirms the presence of Venturiella acrifolia in Argentina. The species is found in North America, Mexico, Bolivia and Argentina.; Introducción y objetivos: En el transcurso del muestreo florístico del bosque seco, se encontraron especimenes de Venturiella acrifolia en las provincias de Santiago del Estero y Santa Fe. Este registro constituye el primer reporte en la Argentina y el segundo en Sudamérica. M&M: Especímenes colectados en 2019 y 2023 fueron analizados morfológicamente usando técnicas convencionales para briófitas y depositados en DTE, LIL, MFA y SDE.Resultados: Se describe e ilustra la especie.Conclusiones: Este trabajo confirma la presencia de Venturiella acrifolia en Argentina. La especie se encuentra en América del Norte, México, Bolivia y Argentina.

Cómo hacer cosas con palabras: algunas reflexiones en torno a las inteligencias artificiales generativas de imágenes; How to do things with words: some remarks on generative AI for images Koza, Walter Adrián Actualmente, la inteligencia artificial (IA) se ha convertido enun tema de relevancia y que afecta a diversas disciplinas. Una IA puede pensarsecomo la capacidad de las máquinas para realizar tareas que normalmenterequieren de la inteligencia humana. Dentro de las posibilidades que ofreceel campo, una de las más notables es la IA generativa. Esta se focaliza en lageneración de contenido, desde cierta perspectiva, original, como ser texto,imagen, voz, video, entre otras. Para ello, se requiere que el usuario le proporcionea la IA una indicación del producto que desea, mediante un texto escrito,conocido como prompt. Ahora bien, un fenómeno observado es la dificultadde que el resultado generado se corresponda totalmente con lo que el usuariodesea, siendo necesario explicitar al máximo la indicación y de la maneramenos ambigua posible, lo que en ocasiones se dificulta debido a la naturalezamisma del lenguaje. Aquí presentamos un pantallazo general de lo que son lasIA generativas de imágenes y el fenómeno de la ambigüedad lingüística, queincide en la redacción de prompts para la generación de imágenes.; Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a relevant topic that affects various disciplines. AI can be thought of as the ability of machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. Among the possibilities offered by the field, one of the most notable is generative AI. This focuses on generating, form original content, from a certain perspective, such as text, image, voice, video, among others. To do this, the user needs to provide the AI with an indication of the desired product, through a written text known as a prompt. However, an observed phenomenon is the difficulty of generating a result fully corresponding to what the user desires, necessitating the need to explicitly indicate as much as possible and in the least ambiguous way, which is sometimes challenging due to the nature of language itself. This article provides an overview of generative AI for images and the phenomenon of linguistic ambiguity. Subsequently, it reflects on how this affects the formulation of prompts for image generation.

Local minimizers of the distances to the majorization flows Benac, Maria Jose; Massey, Pedro Gustavo; Rios, Noelia Belén; Ruiz, Mariano Andres Let D(d) denote the convex set of density matrices of size d and let ρ, σ ∈ D(d) be such that ρ ̸≺ σ. Consider the majorization flows L(σ) = {µ ∈ D(d) : µ ≺ σ} and U(ρ) = {ν ∈ D(d) : ρ ≺ ν}, where ≺ stands for the majorization pre-order relation. We endow L(σ) and U(ρ) with the metric induced by the spectral norm. Let N(·) be a strictly convex unitarily invariant norm and let µ0 ∈ L(σ) and ν0 ∈ U(ρ) be local minimizers of the distance functions ΦN (µ) = N(ρ − µ), for µ ∈ L(σ) and ΨN (ν) = N(σ − ν), for ν ∈ U(ρ). In this work we show that, for every unitarily invariant norm Ñ(·) we have that Ñ(ρ − µ0) ≤ Ñ(ρ − µ), µ ∈ L(σ) and Ñ(σ − ν0) ≤ Ñ(σ − ν), ν ∈ U(ρ). That is, µ0 and ν0 are global minimizers of the distances to the corresponding majorization flows, with respect to every unitarily invariant norm. We describe the (unique) spectral structure (eigenvalues) of µ0 and ν0 in terms of a simple finite step algorithm; we also describe the geometrical structure (eigenvectors) of µ0 and ν0 in terms of the geometrical structure of σ and ρ, respectively. We include a discussion of the physical and computational implications of our results. We also compare our results to some recent related results in the context of quantum information theory.

How specific molecules can lead to overeating Blanco, Maria Gabriela; Rayes, Diego Hernán A molecular pathway involving compounds found in processed foods and biogenic amines increases food intake and aging in the roundworm C. elegans.

The labour process and workers’ rights at Mercado Libre: Hiding exploitation through regulation in the digital economy Atzeni, Maurizio E-commerce platforms such as, most famously, Amazon use digitalised production systems in their warehouses. In this article we examine how such digitalised systems impact upon the labour process, the organisation of work and working condition in the warehouse of Mercado Libre in Argentina, the largest e-commerce platform there and in Latin America. In many respects, this case is aligned with the evidence emerging from similar studies on Amazon. The ubiquitous combination of algorithmic management with discretionary human management has limited the sphere of workers’ autonomy and spaces of resistance, increased control to virtually any productive or unproductive time spent by workers in the warehouse and imposed stressful working conditions on workers, often with negative implications for health and safety. These conditions of exploitation common to digitalised workplaces have, however, been strengthened by the company’s hiring strategy, based extensively on labour broking, on the high turnover of a young workforce, and the strategic use of the existing institutional regulatory framework and formal trade union representation to buffer management from workers’ complaints. In this sense it is not regulation as such that is the key to better working conditions in the digitalised labour process but rather how that regulatory framework is effectively used and contested by workers’ struggles on the ground to get concessions.

Unmasking hidden genetic, vocal, and size variation in the Masked Flowerpiercer along the Andes supports two species separated by Northern Peruvian Low Martínez Gómez, Silvia Catalina; Lara, Carlos Esteban; Remsen, J. V.; Brumfield, Robb T.; Cuervo, Andrés M. La divergencia genética entre poblaciones aisladas no siempre se refleja en diferencias fenotípicas. Investigamos la diferenciación genética y fenotípica en Diglossa cyanea (Thraupidae), una especie común de los Andes tropicales. Encontramos dos linajes principales separados por el cañón del río Marañón en la Depresión del Norte del Perú (DNP). Estos dos linajes tienen una profunda divergencia en ADN mitocondrial (~6.7% de distancia p no corregida, n = 122), en el rango de frecuencia y estructura del canto (con silbidos finales exclusivos en las poblaciones del sur, n = 88), y en la longitud del ala (las poblaciones del norte son más pequeñas, n = 364). Los dos linajes mitocondriales divergentes en D. cyanea no resultaron grupos hermanos entre sí, sugiriendo una posible parafilia con respecto a D. caerulescens, que debe ser puesta a prueba con datos genómicos nucleares. No encontramos variación genética, diferencias de tamaño o estructura del canto entre las poblaciones del grupo del sur (desde la DNP hasta Bolivia), como tampoco entre las poblaciones del norte muestreadas (desde la DNP hasta Venezuela). Estas diferencias vocales parecen tener consecuencias en la discriminación de cantos y el reconocimiento entre especies de acuerdo con un estudio basado en experimentos de playback previamente publicado. Proponemos que la subespecie del sur sea elevada al rango de especie como D. melanopis, una especie monotípica. A su vez, redefinimos a D. cyanea, que ahora se restringe a la mitad norte de los Andes tropicales como una especie politípica con tres subespecies (tovarensis, obscura y cyanea). De acuerdo con los resultados, la subespecie dispar debe tratarse como un sinónimo de cyanea. Nuestro estudio demuestra la necesidad de seguir acumulando conjuntos complementarios de datos a partir de observaciones de campo, experimentos y evaluaciones basadas en colecciones para caracterizar mejor la historia evolutiva, la biogeografía, la bioacústica y la taxonomía de las aves montanas neotropicales.; Genetic divergence among isolated populations is not always reflected in phenotypic differentiation. We investigated the genetic and phenotypic differentiation in Diglossa cyanea (Thraupidae; Masked Flowerpiercer), a widely distributed species in the tropical Andes. We found strong evidence for 2 main lineages separated by the Marañón River valley in the Northern Peruvian Low (NPL). These 2 lineages show a deep sequence divergence in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; ~6.7% uncorrected p-distance, n = 122), spectral frequency and song structure (with exclusive final whistles in southern populations, n = 88), and wing length (the northern populations are smaller, n = 364). The 2 divergent D. cyanea mitochondrial lineages were not sister to each other, suggesting a possible paraphyly with respect to D. caerulescens (Bluish Flowerpiercer) that remains to be tested with nuclear genomic data. No genetic variation, size difference, or song structure was observed within the extensive range of the southern group (from the NPL to central Bolivia) or within all sampled northern populations (from the NPL to Venezuela). These vocal differences appear to have consequences for song discrimination, and species recognition, according to a previously published playback experiment study. We propose that the southern taxon be elevated to species rank as D. melanopis, a monotypic species (with the proposed name Whistling Masked-Flowerpiercer). In turn, we provide a redefinition of D. cyanea (Warbling Masked-Flowerpiercer), which is now restricted to the northern half of the tropical Andes as a polytypic species with 3 subspecies (tovarensis, obscura, and cyanea). Based on our results, the subspecies dispar should be treated as a junior synonym of cyanea. Our study highlights the need to continue amassing complementary data sets from field observations, experiments, and collection-based assessments to better characterize the evolutionary history, biogeography, bioacoustics, and taxonomy of Neotropical montane birds.

Reversal of biological age in multiple rat organs by young porcine plasma fraction Horvath, Steve; Singh, Kavita; Raj, Ken; Khairnar, Shraddha I.; Sanghavi, Akshay; Shrivastava, Agnivesh; Zoller, Joseph A.; Li, Caesar Z.; Hereñú, Claudia Beatriz; Canatelli Mallat, Martina; Lehmann, Marianne; Habazin, Sinisa; Novokmet, Mislav; Vuckovic, Frano; Solberg Woods, Leah C.; García Martínez, Ángel; Wang, Tengfei; Chiavellini, Priscila; Levine, Andrew J.; Chen, Hao; Brooke, Robert T.; Gordevicius, Juozas; Lauc, Gordan; Goya, Rodolfo Gustavo; Katcher, Harold L. Young blood plasma is known to confer beneficial effects on various organs in mice and rats. However, it was not known whether plasma from young adult pigs rejuvenates old rat tissues at the epigenetic level; whether it alters the epigenetic clock, which is a highly accurate molecular biomarker of aging. To address this question, we developed and validated six different epigenetic clocks for rat tissues that are based on DNA methylation values derived from n = 613 tissue samples. As indicated by their respective names, the rat pan-tissue clock can be applied to DNA methylation profiles from all rat tissues, while the rat brain, liver, and blood clocks apply to the corresponding tissue types. We also developed two epigenetic clocks that apply to both human and rat tissues by adding n = 1366 human tissue samples to the training data. We employed these six rat clocks to investigate the rejuvenation effects of a porcine plasma fraction treatment in different rat tissues. The treatment more than halved the epigenetic ages of blood, heart, and liver tissue. A less pronounced, but statistically significant, rejuvenation effect could be observed in the hypothalamus. The treatment was accompanied by progressive improvement in the function of these organs as ascertained through numerous biochemical/physiological biomarkers, behavioral responses encompassing cognitive functions. An immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation pattern shift from pro- to anti-inflammatory also indicated reversal of glycan aging. Overall, this study demonstrates that a young porcine plasma-derived treatment markedly reverses aging in rats according to epigenetic clocks, IgG glycans, and other biomarkers of aging.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus from school dining rooms in Argentina González, Juliana; Hernandez, Luciana Belén; Tabera, Anahi; Bustamante, Ana Victoria; Sanso, Andrea Mariel Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constitutes an important cause for concern in the field of public health, and the role of the food chain in the transmission of this pathogen and in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has not yet been defined. The objectives of this work were to isolate and characterize coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), particularly S. aureus, from school dining rooms located in Argentina. From 95 samples that were obtained from handlers, inert surfaces, food, and air in 10 establishments, 30 Staphylococcus strains were isolated. Four isolates were S. aureus, and the remaining ones (N = 26) belonged to 11 coagulase-negative species (CoNS). The isolates were tested for susceptibility to nine antibiotics. The presence of genes encoding toxins (luk-PV, sea, seb, sec, sed, and see), adhesins (icaA, icaD), and genes that confer resistance to methicillin (mecA) and vancomycin (vanA) was investigated. The resistance rates measured for penicillin, cefoxitin, gentamicin, vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline were 73%, 30%, 13%, 3%, 33%, 17%, 13%, 7%, and 7% of the isolates, respectively. Seventeen AMR profiles were detected, and 11 isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Seven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus isolates were detected in the hands of handlers from four establishments, two of them were MRSA. Two S. aureus isolates presented icaA and icaD, another one, only icaD. The gene vanA was found in two isolates. In relation to S. aureus, resistance to vancomycin but not to gentamicin was detected. School feeding plays a key role in the nutrition of children, and the consumption of food contaminated with MRSA and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) can be a serious threat to health. In particular, it was detected that the handlers were the source of MRSA, VRSA, MR-CoNS (methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus), and MDR isolates. The results obtained indicate that the vigilance of this pathogen in school dining rooms should be extreme.

Redes de interacción social y territorio en la depresión de Aguilar, Jujuy (Argentina): Primer acercamiento desde las materias primas líticas; Social interaction networks and territory in the depression of Aguilar, Jujuy (Argentina): First approach from the lithic raw materials Mercuri, Cecilia En el estudio de las interacciones sociales están implícitas cuestiones tales como el territorio y la territorialidad. Los territorios son una fragmentación del espacio producto del conjunto de relaciones que se entretejen a diario entre humanos y entre éstos y el entorno natural. Entonces, como construcción social, hay implícita una diversidad de territorios que pueden operar en forma simultánea.En un primer acercamiento hacia el análisis del material lítico de Cueva de Cristóbal, en la localidad del Aguilar, en la Puna de Jujuy, registré que el conjunto presentaba una gran diversidad de materias primas, tanto locales como alóctonas, lo cual me permite indagar en la cuestión de las interacciones sociales y las territorialidades. Con este ejemplo, el objetivo es explorar la diversidad de planos que puede presentar un mismo espacio físico, indagar la gestión territorial, en este caso en específico, en el sentido del manejo de materias primas.; In the study of social interactions, issues such as territory and territoriality are implicit. Territories are a fragmentation of the space product of the set of relationships that are interwoven daily between humans and between them and the natural environment. So, as a social construction, there is an implicit diversity of territories that may operate simultaneously. In a first approach towards the analysis of the lithic material from Cueva de Cristóbal, in the locality of Aguilar, in the Puna of Jujuy, I registered that the set presented a great diversity of raw materials, both local and non-local, which allows me to investigate the question of social interactions and territorialities. With this example, the objective is to explore the diversity of aspects that the same physical space can present, to investigate territorial management, in this specific case, in the sense of handling raw materials.

Exploring green extraction methods to obtain polyphenols from partially defatted chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour Antón, Micaela; Aranibar Vaca, Carolina; Dusso, Diego; Moyano, Elizabeth Laura; Aguirre, Alicia; Borneo Benista, Rafael The extraction of polyphenols is commonly accomplished using conventional techniques such assolid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction, which are associated with the use of high quantities of organicsolvents, long extraction times, and low selectivity and reproducibility. These limitations have led to thedevelopment of innovative extraction technologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate theultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of polyphenols frompartially defatted chia flour (PDCF).