Zuccagnia punctata Cav., a Potential Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Bionematicide for the Control of Argentinean Horticultural Crops Manrique, Sofia; Gómez, Jessica; Piñeiro Gomez, Mauricio Daniel; Ariza Sampietro, Maria Belen; Peschiutta, María Laura; Tapia, Alejandro; Simirgiotis, Mario J.; Lima, Beatriz Viviana This research was designed to investigate the metabolite profiling, phenolics, and flavonoids content as well as the potential nematicidal properties of decoction (ZpDe), orange-yellow resin (ZpRe) and essential oil (ZpEO) from Argentinean medicinal plant Zuccagnia punctata Cav. Additionally, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of ZpDe and ZpEO were determined. Metabolite profiling was obtained by an ultrahigh-resolution liquid chromatography MS analysis (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/OT-MS-MS) and GCMS. The nematicidal activity was assayed by a standardized method against Meloidogyne incognita. The antioxidant properties were screened by four methods: (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity assay (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (ILP). The antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) rules. The ZpDe, ZpRe and ZpEO displayed a strong nematicidal activity with an LC50 of 0.208, 0.017 and 0.142 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the ZpDe showed a strong DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 28.54 µg/mL); ILP of 87.75% at 250 µg ZpDe/mL and moderated antimicrobial activity. The ZpEO showed promising activity against a panel of yeasts Candida albicans and non-albicans (ATCC and clinically isolated) with MIC values from 750 to 1500 µg/mL. The ZpDe showed a content of phenolics and flavonoid compounds of 241 mg GAE/g and 10 mg EQ/g, respectively. Fifty phenolic compounds were identified in ZpDe by ultrahigh-resolution liquid chromatography (UHPLC–PDA– Q-TOF-MS) analysis, while forty-six phenolic compounds were identified in ZpRe by UHPLC-ESI-Q-OT-MS-MS and twenty-nine in ZpEO using a GC-MS analysis, updating the knowledge on the chemical profile of this species. The results support and standardize this medicinal plant mainly as a potential environmentally friendly and sustainable bionematicide for the control of Argentinean horticultural crops including tomatoes and peppers and as a source of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds which could be further explored and exploited for potential applications.

Los orígenes de la contrainsurgencia en la Armada argentina: La transformación del concepto de guerra durante la primera década de la Guerra Fría: 1945-1955; The origins of counterinsurgency in the Argentine Navy: The transformation of the concept of war during the first decade of the Cold War: 1945-1955 Pontoriero, Esteban Damián El artículo explora el impacto de la Guerra Fría en las Fuerzas Armadas (FF. AA.) argentinas a partir del caso de la Armada, entre los años 1945 y 1955. En la primera sección analizo las transformaciones en las concepciones sobre la guerra en las FF. AA. y sus hipótesis de conflicto, derivadas de su ingreso al esquema de defensa continental comandado por Estados Unidos. Luego, pongo mi atención en la Armada a través de dos secciones, explorando cómo se imaginan las guerras futuras, internas y externas. Para ello, he trabajado con artículos de revistas militares, y consultado documentación del Estado Mayor de Coordinación, el ente que unificaba el mando castrense. El objetivo es mostrar las nuevas hipótesis de conflicto surgidas en esos años, su pervivencia con otras previas, y prestar atención a la creciente preocupación por la seguridad interna en clave antisubversiva.; The article explores the impact of the Cold War on the Argentine Armed Forces from the case of the Navy, between 1945 and 1955. In the first section I analyze the transformations in the conceptions of war in the Armed Forces and their conflict hypotheses, derived from their entry into the continental defense scheme commanded by the United States. I then turn my attention to the Navy through two sections, exploring how they envision future wars, internal and external ones. For this, I have worked with articles from military magazines, and consulted documentation from the Coordination Staff, the entity that unified the military command. The objective is to show the new conflict hypotheses that emerged in those years, their survival with other previous ones, and pay attention to the growing concern for internal security in an antisubversive key.

Resilience profile of students of the National University of Misiones (UNaM); Perfil de resiliencia de estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) Sosa, Nora Mabel; Sureda, Silvia Cristina; Sosa, María A.; Rodríguez, María Daniela Generalmente, para estudiar el rendimiento académico, el abandono y el desgranamiento de la matrícula en la educación superior, se centra la atención en los aspectos socioeconómicos y entorno familiar de los estudiantes, recurriendo para ello a hipótesis y explicaciones de una situación compleja y analizando variables externas que influyen en el comportamiento de los estudiantes. En esta presentación se analiza la resiliencia de los estudiantes universitarios en los primeros años de carreras de facultades de la UNaM, a saber Licenciatura en Administración de Empresas (LAE), Licenciatura en Economía (LE) y Contador Público (CP) de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas (FCE), como se describirá en el cuerpo del texto. Utilizando encuestas online se delinearon rasgos cualitativos del grupo respecto al tema de interés y se obtuvieron parámetros cuantitativos para describir características demográficas del mismo. Los resultados obtenidos dan cuenta que los estudiantes se perciben altamente resilientes, manifiestan que usualmente encuentran una salida ante una dificultad, mantienen su interés, se sienten amigos de sí mismos y se cuestionan sobre de la pertinencia de contenidos que integran las curriculas de las asignaturas que estudian. En gran medida la falta de ecuanimidad es una característica que definiría a estos estudiantes.; In order to study academic performance, dropout, and enrollment breakdown in higher education, attention is generally focused on the socioeconomic aspects and family environment of the students, resorting to hypotheses and explanations of a complex situation and analyzing external variables that influence on student behavior. This presentation analyses the resilience of university students in the first years of UNaM faculties, namely Bachelor of Business Administration (LAE), Bachelor of Economics (LE) and Certified Public Accountant (CP) of the Faculty of Economics (FCE), as will be described in the body of the text. Using online surveys, qualitative features of the group were delineated regarding the topic of interest and quantitative parameters were obtained to describe its demographic characteristics. The results show that the students perceive themselves as highly resilient, they state that they usually find a way out of a difficulty, they maintain their interest, they feel friends with themselves and they question themselves about the relevance of the contents that make up the curricula of the subjects they study. To a large extent, the lack of equanimity is a characteristic that would define these students.

Fertilization increases soil organic carbon stocks but does not mitigate climate change in the Argentine Pampas; La fertilización aumenta el carbono orgánico del suelo en la pampa Argentina pero no mitiga el cambio climático Alvarez, Roberto Soils can act as carbon sinks mitigating global warming. This generates interest in determining how agricultural practices affect the stock of soil organic carbon (SOC). Fertilization increases SOC stocks and its impacts have been calculated at a global level. The aim of this study was to determine if fertilization leads to carbon sequestration in the Pampas of Argentina. A meta-analysis of local studies was performed to determine how fertilization impacts SOC stocks in agricultural soils. Forty studies were compiled presenting data from 27 experiments from which 109 comparisons of SOC stocks between fertilized and unfertilized treatments were extracted. Fertilization caused a significant increase of ca. 3% in the topsoil (0-20 cm) SOC stock. When nutrients application rate could be accurately defined (n= 71), the average increase in SOC stock was ca. 1 t ha-1. Increments were much smaller in comparison with those reported in literature and the carbon footprint of applied nutrients (2.31 t Ceq. ha-1). Even if increments in SOC stock in the subsoil were similar to those measured in the topsoil, greenhouse gas emission from fertilizer application would not be offset by the carbon sequestered in the soil. Fertilization has a low impact on SOC stocks and does not compensate greenhouse gases emissions in the Pampas. Rates of SOC increments resulting from fertilization identified in other regions of the world should not be applied in this region.; Los suelos pueden actuar como sumideros de carbono y mitigar el calentamiento global. Esto genera interés en determinar cómo las prácticas agrícolas afectan las reservas de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS). La fertilización produce aumentos en el COS y se han calculado coeficientes de su impacto a nivel global. El objetivo fue determinar si la práctica de la fertilización conduce al secuestro de carbono en la Región Pampena de Argentina. Se realizó un metanálisis de estudios locales para determinar cómo la fertilización afecta el COS en los suelos agrícolas. Se compilaron cuarenta estudios que presentaban datos de 27 experimentos de los cuales se extrajeron 109 comparaciones de existencias de COS entre tratamientos fertilizados y no fertilizados. La fertilización determinó un aumento significativo de ca. 3% en la reserva de COS de la capa superior del suelo (0-20 cm). En los casos en los que la dosis de nutrientes aplicados estuvo bien definida (n= 71), el aumento promedio en el COS fue de ca. 1 t ha-1. Este aumento fue mucho menor que los aumentos de COS informados en la literatura y que la huella de carbono de los nutrientes aplicados (2,31 t Ceq. ha-1). Incluso suponiendo que el aumento relativo del COS en el subsuelo fuera similar al medido en la capa superficial, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero procedentes de la aplicación de fertilizantes no serían compensadas por el carbono secuestrado en el suelo. La fertilización es una práctica que tiene bajo impacto en el COS y no mitiga el calentamiento global en la Región Pampeana. En esta región no se deben aplicar los coeficientes de aumento de carbono por fertilización determinados en otras regiones del mundo.

La Atracción De Inversiones Extranjeras En Energías Renovables No Convencionales En Argentina: El Caso Del Programa Renovar (2016-2019); The Attraction Of Foreign Investments In Non-Conventional Renewable Energies In Argentina: The Case Of The Renovar Program (2016-2019) Dicósimo, Emiliano El gobierno de Mauricio Macri (2015-2019) impulsó, mediante una política exterior globalista pragmática, la atracción de inversiones extranjeras en energías renovables no convencionales (ERNC). La mayoría de estas inversiones arribaron a partir del programa Renovar, iniciado en 2016. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la política exterior del gobierno y su vinculación con los socios tradicionales y no tradicionales y como esta vinculación, junto a tres factores de atracción de inversiones (incentivos fiscales, financiación internacional y acción diplomática), permitieron el arribo de IED en parques de ERNC de estos socios. Se toma al RenovAr como un estudio de caso, estudiando en profundidad a las empresas extranjeras inversoras. Se arriba a la conclusión de que las empresas extranjeras actuaron no solo como inversoras, sino también como proveedoras de componentes, liderando las de socios tradicionales, pero achicándose, a medida que transcurría el RenovAr, la diferencia con las empresas de socios no tradicionales.; The government of Mauricio Macri (2015-2019) promoted, through a pragmatic globalist foreign policy, the attraction of foreign investment in non-conventional renewable energy (ERNC). Most of these investments came from the RenovAR Program, started in 2016. The objective of this paper is to analyze the government's foreign policy and its relationship with traditional and non-traditional partners and how this link, together with three investment attraction factors (tax incentives, international financing and diplomatic action), allowed the arrival of FDI in ERNC parks of these partners. RenovAr is taken as a case study, which enables the analysis of foreign investing companies in depth. The conclusion is that foreign companies acted not only as investors, but also as component suppliers, leading those linked to traditional Argentine partners, albeit by a smaller margin as RenovAR progressed.

Contra el posibilismo, o por qué disputarle el republicanismo a la derecha; Against possibilism, or why we should battle against the right for the meaning of republicanism Marey, Macarena En este texto sostego, entre otras cosas, que el triunfo principal de la república oligárquica es el de haber monopolizado el sentido de "república" hasta el punto de volver a la república popular y materialmente igualitaria, esa "otra" república que está presente desde la antigüedad de la tradición republicana junto con su oponente elitista, una alternativa que mueve a risa, un deseo imposiblemente utópico frente al carácter concreto del orden de lo posible. Para proponer una manera de recuperar el sentido de "república" para proyectos emancipadores, mapeo y reviso un debate entre el republicanismo liberal-conservador y los republicanismos populares y de izquierdas que toma cada vez más forma en el contexto académico argentino, unos diez años después de que la noción logró una presencia constante en las editoriales de los diarios nacionales de gran tirada y en los discursos de quienes militan en los diferentes partidos de la coalición hoy llamada Juntos por el Cambio. Mi aporte a este debate tiene el fin de enfatizar la importancia de reforzar el republicanismo igualitarista con una idea de pueblo articulado que radicalice, deshomogeneizándola, la dicotomía tradicional elite versus pueblo. Propongo asimismo que la disputa por el sentido del republicanismo es parte constitutiva de la tradición republicana.; In this paper I study a scholarly debate currently taking place in Argentina among liberal and conservative republicans, on the one side, and popular and left-wing, plebeian, republicans, on the other. This debate is taking shape a decade after the idea of the republic gained a pervasive presence in editorials in the pages of the main national journals and in the political discourses of right-wing actors in Argentinian politics. My contribution to these discussions aims at strengthening egalitarian republicanism with the idea of an articulated popular agent, able to radicalise and de-homogenise the traditional dichotomy between oligarchy and the people.

Factores determinantes de la volatilización de amoníaco y su efecto sobre el rendimiento del maíz; Determinants of ammonia volatilization losses and their effect on maize yield Toribio, Mirta Susana; Iglesias, María Paula; Correndo, Adrián A.; Wyngard, Nicolás; Reussi Calvo, Nahuel Ignacio El proceso de volatilización es un mecanismo de pérdida de nitrógeno (N). Identificar y jerarquizar sus principales factores determinantes es esencial hacia una agricultura más sostenible en términos económicos y ambientales. Los objetivos del trabajo son: a) integrar información existente sobre las pérdidas por volatilización y su impacto sobre el rendimiento de maíz (Zea mays L.), b) jerarquizar los principales factores que controlan dichas pérdidas en Argentina y c) evaluar el efecto del inhibidor de la ureasa sobre las pérdidas de amoníaco (NH3), el rendimiento y la eficiencia agronómica de N (EAN). Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática que incluyó un total de 21 experimentos conducidos entre 1997 y 2021. Se utilizaron técnicas de análisis de senderos para examinar la ruta causal de los principales factores que controlan las pérdidas por volatilización y de meta-análisis para evaluar la magnitud del efecto de las variables de manejo y edafoclimáticas sobre las pérdidas por volatilización. La principal variable que presentó un efecto directo sobre las pérdidas fue la dosis de N aplicada (r=0,66), mientras que el contenido de arcilla (r= -0,59) resultó la variable edafoclimática más relevante. Además, se determinó un efecto indirecto y negativo del contenido de materia orgánica (MO) a través del contenido de arcilla (r= -0,39), siendo el efecto directo de la MO de baja magnitud (r= -0,01). Las mayores pérdidas de N por volatilización ocurrieron con dosis ≥100 kg N ha-1,contenido de MO <20 g kg-1 y de arcilla <200 g kg-1, temperaturas >20°C y <10 días para precipitaciones mayores a 10 mm. El empleo de inhibidores de la ureasa redujo en un 73% las pérdidas de NH3, sin aumentar significativamente el rendimiento ni la EAN. Estos resultados brindan una base sólida sobre cuáles son los principales factores determinantes de las pérdidas por volatilización.; Volatilization is a process by which nitrogen (N) is lost. Identifying the main factors determining this process is essential for a more economically and environmentally sustainable agriculture. The objectives of this work were to: a) integrate existing information about volatilization losses and their effect on maize yield (Zea mays L.), b) identify the main factors that control such losses in Argentina, and c) evaluate the effect of urease inhibitor on ammonia volatilization, yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE). A systematic review, including a total of 21 experiments carried out between 1997 and 2021, was performed. A path analysis was used to examine the causal pathway of the factors that determine N volatilization rates, and a meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the magnitude of the effect of management and edaphoclimatic variables on N volatilization. The main variable presenting a direct effect on ammonia losses was the N rate (r= 0.66), while clay content (r= -0.59) was the most relevant edaphoclimatic variable. An indirect and negative effect of organic matter (OM) was determined through the clay percentage (r= -0.39), while the direct effect of OM presented a low magnitude (r= -0.01). The highest N losses by volatilization occurred with N rates ≥100 kg N ha-1, OM <20 g kg-1 and clay content <200 g kg-1, temperature >20°C and <10 days of precipitations greater than 10 mm. The use of urease inhibitors reduced losses by 73%, without increasing yield or EAN. These results bring a solid foundation on which are the main determinants of volatilization losses.

Cultivating communities in Mendoza, Argentina: Exploring social aspects of urban agriculture Mietz, Lena Katharina; Civit, Bárbara María; Arena, Alejandro Pablo Global food production and security are current challenges. This is reflected, among other things, in the fact that more than 690 million people suffer from hunger or food shortages. The availability of nutritious food is critical for disease control and immune function. In this context, urban agriculture is promoted as a way to ensure access to food, which has developed due to rising prices, food shortages and urban growth. However, there is a lack of in-depth knowledge on the impacts as well as barriers to implementation. Therefore, this study investigates vegetable consumption patterns in the metropolitan city of Mendoza in Argentina, as well as interest in vegetable production, opinions on urban agriculture and barriers. Quantitative research methods were used, and a citizen survey was conducted. The data was analysed using SPSS software and correlations were determined using chi-square. The results show strong interest from citizen in urban agriculture, but also barriers such as lack of time and resources. Successful implementation requires initiative, political will, and acceptance. The results are consistent with other studies and could be further explored in longitudinal studies to assess effectiveness. This is helpful given the importance of urban agriculture and vegetable consumption for sustainable food production and supply.

Más allá de la dicotomía entre el campo y la ciudad: la imaginación territorial de la sociología y la antropología argentinas en el siglo XXI Elguezabal, Eleonora; Laferté, Gilles; Segura, Ramiro El artículo explora la imaginación territorial de la sociología y la antropología argentinas en el siglo XXI. Más específicamente, el ejercicio analítico consistió en leer la producción etnográfica local con la pregunta por los modos de representar el territorio nacional más allá de la dicotomía entre el campo y la ciudad. El artículo se detiene en la investigación sobre lugares, tipologías, movilidades y escalas de análisis que dan cuenta de procesos de diferenciación socioespacial que escapan al contrapunto campo-ciudad y, por lo mismo, constituyen una plataforma a partir de la cual construir una agenda de investigación que supere la persistente dicotomía para pensar los procesos territoriales.; The article explores the territorial imagination of Argentinian sociology and anthropology in the 21st century. More specifically, the analytical exercise consisted in reading the local ethnographic production with the question of the ways of representing the national territory beyond the dichotomy between the countryside and the city. The article focuses on research on places, typologies, mobilities and scales of analysis that account for processes of socio-spatial differentiation that escape the countryside-city counterpoint and, therefore, constitute a platform from which to build an agenda of research that overcomes the persistent dichotomy to think about territorial processes.

Spinoza y la igualdad: aportes conceptuales para una discusión actual; Spinoza and equality: conceptual contributions for a current discussion; Espinoza e igualdade: contribuições conceptuais para uma discussão actual Ricci Cernadas, Gonzalo Este artículo se propone estudiar el lugar de la igualdad como concepto en la filosofía política de Spinoza. En primer lugar, describiremos la forma en que la naturaleza humana es entendida por Spinoza, describiendo tanto el horizonte del estado natural como del estado social en que esta se despliega. En segundo lugar, estudiaremos a la desigualdad manifestada como afecto, aun así el propio Spinoza no la haya nombrado de esta manera en ninguna parte de la Ética. Finalmente, pues, esbozaremos la manera en que la igualdad se vincula con la dimensión estatal, es decir, investigaremos cómo las instituciones políticas que hacen al Estado se relacionan con el concepto de la igualdad.; This article aims to study the place of equality as a concept in Spinoza’s political philosophy. In the first place, it describes the way in which human nature is understood by Spinoza, recounting both the horizon of the natural state and the social state in which it unfolds. Second, it studies inequality manifested as affect, even so Spinoza himself has not named it this way anywhere in the Ethics. Finally, then, it outlines the way in which the political institutions that make up the State are related to the concept of equality.; Este artigo tem como objetivo estudar o lugar da igualdade como conceito na filosofia política de Spinoza. Em primeiro lugar, descreve o modo como a natureza humana é compreendida por Spinoza, descrevendo tanto o horizonte do estado natural quanto o estado social em que ele se desenvolve. Em segundo lugar, estuda a desigualdade manifestada como afeto, ainda que o próprio Spinoza não a tenha nomeado assim em nenhum lugar da Ética. Por fim, então, delineia a forma como as instituições políticas que compõem o Estado se relacionam com o conceito de igualdade.

Trayectorias de los inspectores y directores generales de Sanidad en el Ejército: De las guerras y conflictos político-militares a las carreras profesionales en tiempo de paz(Argentina, décadas de 1860-1930); Trajectories of inspectors and general directors of Health in the Army: From wars and political-military conflicts to professional careers in peacetime (Argentina, decades of 1860-1930) Soprano Manzo, Germán Flavio Este artículo tiene por objeto un estudio de las trayectorias profesionales de diez médicos que fueron inspectores o directores generales de Sanidad del Ejército en la Argentina. Se propone identificar atributos sociales de esas trayectorias militares, reconociendo también su participación en instituciones académicas y profesionales civiles relacionadas con la medicina y la salud pública. Sostengo que es posible reconocer dos tipos de trayectorias profesionales de los médicos militares argentinos entre las décadas de 1860 y 1930. Por un lado, quienes participaron en los conflictos político-militares internos del país, en la Guerra del Paraguay y en las Expediciones al Desierto, intervinieron en la atención sanitaria en epidemias y permanecieron en actividad hasta principios del XX. Y, por otro lado, quienes desarrollaron sus carreras exclusivamente en tiempos de paz desde comienzos del siglo XX hasta fines de la década de 1930 en el marco de la aplicación de la ley Orgánica del Cuerpo de Sanidad y complementaron su formación médica universitaria en la Escuela de Aplicación de Sanidad Militar/Medicina Militar.; The purpose of this article is to study the professional trajectories of ten doctors who were inspectors or general directors of Army Health in Argentina. It aims to identify social attributes of these military trajectories, also recognizing their participation in academic and professional civilian institutions related to medicine and public health. I argue that it is possible to recognize two types of professional trajectories of argentine military doctors between the 1860s and 1930s. On the one hand, those who participated in the internal political-military conflicts of the country, in the "Paraguayan War" and in the "Expeditions to the Desert", intervened in health care in epidemics and remained active until the early twentieth century. And, on the other hand, those who developed their careers exclusively in peacetime from the early twentieth century to the end of the 1930s within the framework of the application of the Organic Law of the Health Corps and complemented their university medical training at the School of Application of Military Health / Military Medicine.

El Bajo de San Isidro y las elites: modernización, imaginarios geográficos e identidades de un paisaje de privilegio en tensión (1850-1940); El Bajo de San Isidro and the elites: modernization, geographical imaginaries and identities of a landscapes of privilege in tension (1850-1940) Ríos, Diego Martín Las elites de Buenos Aires comenzaron a vincularse con el Bajo de San Isidro a finales del siglo XVIII, pero fue en el período que transcurre entre las décadas de 1850 y 1940 cuando estos grupos pusieron en valor de manera más significativa el paisaje de esa zona ribereña. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo describir y analizar los procesos de modernización, configuración de nuevos imaginarios geográficos y elaboración de una identidad excluyente del paisaje del Bajo durante el recorte histórico seleccionado. Para abordar el caso se ha adoptado una estrategia metodológica de tipo cualitativo sustentada en la revisión e interpretación de fuentes pictográficas, fotográficas, hemerográficas, publicaciones de historiografía local, entre otras. Los cambios materiales y simbólicos del paisaje del Bajo llevados adelante por las elites procuraron activar el pasaje entre uno predominantemente productivo, marginal, de naturaleza “amenazante” a otro preferentemente recreativo, moderno y de naturaleza embellecida. No obstante, la presencia de grupos subalternos, de actividades productivas y de la naturaleza extrema de las aguas del Plata, influyó para que ese paisaje terminara siendo muchos más heterogéneo y cambiante que el paisaje de privilegio consolidado de la zona de las barrancas conocida como el Alto. Aquellas tensiones por la apropiación y los destinos otorgados al paisaje ribereño perduran actualmente.; The elites of Buenos Aires began to associate with Bajo de San Isidro at the end of the 18th century, but it was in the period between the 1850s and 1940s that these groups valued the landscape of that riverside area in a more significant way. The objective of this work is to describe and analyze the processes of modernization, configuration of new geographical imaginaries and elaboration of an exclusive identity of the Bajo landscape during this historical cut. To address the case, a qualitative methodological strategy has been adopted based on the review and interpretation of pictographic, photographic, hemerographic, local historiography publications, among others sources. The material and symbolic changes of the Bajo landscape carried out by the elites sought to activate the passage between one predominantly productive, marginal, of a “threatening” nature, to another preferably recreational, modern, and of an embellished nature. However, the presence of subaltern groups, productive activities and the extreme nature of the waters of the Plata, influenced this landscape to end up being much more heterogeneous and changing than the landscape of privilege consolidated in the area of the ravines known as the Alto. Those tensions for the appropriation and the destinations granted to the riverside landscape persist today.

Un ingenio en tierras vitivinícolas: políticas públicas y actores en el origen y el ocaso de la Compañía Azucarera de Cuyo S. A. (San Juan, 1923-1935); A Sugar Mill in a Winegrowing Region: Public Policies and Actors Involved in the Emergence and Decline of Azucarera de Cuyo S. A. (San Juan, 1923-1935); Uma usina açucareira em terras vitivinícolas: políticas públicas e atores na origem e declínio da Compañía Azucarera de Cuyo S.A. (San Juan, 1923-1935) Moyano, Ricardo Daniel; Rodriguez Vázquez, Florencia La agroindustria azucarera en Argentina se desarrolló desde finales del siglo XIX en zonas cálidas de las provincias del norte a partir de la elaboración de la caña. Sin embargo, en la década de 1920, en el centro-oeste del país, en una región templada dedicada a la vitivinicultura, la Compañía Azucarera de Cuyo S. A. instaló la primera fábrica remolachera del país. El objetivo del artículo es reconstruir la trayectoria de esta novedosa experiencia productiva e indagar en los factores, endógenos y exógenos, que explican su desenlace trunco, no obstante los auspiciosos pronósticos en la etapa proyectual. Para ello, se recupera y sistematiza información oficial, de la prensa gráfica y de la empresa. Se presentan las variadas limitantes que determinaron su cierre: inestabilidad institucional, dificultades dentro del sector, desaciertos en la gestión y en aspectos técnico-productivos para aprovisionarse de materia prima, como el insuficiente desarrollo del cultivo remolachero y la falta de infraestructura. La cuantiosa documentación relevada demuestra la centralidad de las políticas públicas orientadas a la diversificación productiva, pone en perspectiva los resultados de este inédito emprendimiento agroindustrial con participación estatal y complejiza las interpretaciones que, en general, adjudican el fracaso a un boicot de los intereses azucareros norteños.; Since the late 19th century, the Argentine sugar agroindustry developed from sugar cane in the warm regions of the northern provinces. However, during the 1920s, in a warm winegrowing region in the center-west of the country, Azucarera de Cuyo S.A. installed the first sugar beet factory. This paper aims at recreating the course of this innovative production experience and examining the endogenous and exogenous factors that led to its shutdown despite promising forecasts during the project phase. To this end, official information from the print media and the company has been gathered and organized. The various constraints that led to its closure are presented: institutional instability, sector challenges, management and technical-productive shortcomings in the supply of raw material, such as poor development of the sugar beet crop, and the lack of infrastructure. The extensive documentation collected shows the centrality of public policies aimed at productive diversification. It highlights the findings of this novel agroindustrial entrepreneurship with state participation. Additionally, it complicates interpretations by attributing failure to a boycott of northern sugar growers’ interests.; A agroindústria açucareira na Argentina desenvolveu-se desde o final do século XIX em áreas quentes dos estados do Norte a partir da produção de cana. Porém, na década de 1920, no centro-oeste do país, numa região temperada dedicada à viticultura, a Compañía Azucarera de Cuyo S.A. instalou a primeira fábrica de beterraba do país. O objetivo do artigo é reconstruir a trajetória dessa experiência produtiva inovadora e pesquisar fatores, endógenos e exógenos, que explicam seu desfecho truncado, apesar das previsões auspiciosas na fase de projeto. Para isso, são recuperadas e sistematizadas informações oficiais da imprensa gráfica e da empresa. São apresentadas as diversas limitações que determinaram o seu fechamento: instabilidade institucional, dificuldades do setor, erros na gestão e nos aspectos técnicoprodutivos para aquisição de matéria-prima, como o insuficiente desenvolvimento do cultivo da beterraba e a falta de infraestrutura. A farta documentação levantada demonstra a centralidade das políticas públicas voltadas à diversificação produtiva, perspectiva os resultados deste empreendimento agroindustrial inédito com participação estatal e torna mais complexas as interpretações que, em geral, atribuem o fracasso a um boicote aos interesses açucareiros do Norte.

De avances y retrocesos: políticas y normativas de igualdad de género en ciencia y educación superior en Chile (2015-2023); Of Advances and Setbacks: Policies and Regulations for Gender Equality in Science and Higher Education in Chile (2015-2023) Lube Guizardi, Menara; Nazal Moreno, Esteban Assmet; Araya Morales, Isabel Margarita; López Contreras, Eleonora El artículo presenta una revisión sistemática sobre las políticas y normativas para la igualdad de género en ciencias y educación superior en Chile, entre 2015 y 2023, promovidos por el Estado y universidades del país. Se contextualizarán las desigualdades de género y su relación con la enseñanza superior, desde los noventa, y se ofrecerá una caracterización estadística de las inequidades en estos ámbitos. Luego, se revisarán políticas nacionales y acciones promovidas por las universidades. Finalizamos con los ejes conclusivos, observando la contradicción entre limitaciones y avances en materia de género en las ciencias y educación superior chilenas.; This article presents a systematic review of the policies and regulations for gender equality in science and higher education in Chile between 2015 and 2023, promoted by the national State and universities. The text historically contextualizes the gender inequalities and their relationship with Chilean higher education since the nineties and offers a statistical characterization of the inequities in these areas. Then, the national policies and the actions promoted by the universities are reviewed. We conclude by discussing conclusive axes, observing the contradiction between limitations and advances regarding gender in Chilean sciences and higher education.

“El espíritu de Marburgo” recorre la Estética operatoria: Luis Juan Guerrero, lector “evolutivo” de Heidegger; “‘The Spectre of Marburg’ wanders around the Operative Aesthetics: Luis Juan Guerrero, ‘Evolutive’ Reader of Heidegger” Belgrano, Mateo En el presente trabajo nos proponemos analizar la lectura de Martin Heidegger en la Estética operatoria por parte de Luis Juan Guerrero. La tesis a defender consiste en que “El origen de la obra de arte” tiene un rol central en la obra del filósofo argentino. Pero esto no quiere decir que Guerrero no sea un autor original o que sea un mero comentador del filósofo alemán, sino todo lo contrario: el filósofo argentino hace una lectura productiva de Heidegger a partir de la cual elabora una filosofía propia y auténtica. Centrándonos en el ensayo sobre el arte de Heidegger y el primer tomo de la Estética operatoria, analizaremos tres puntos neurálgicos: el concepto de útil, la relación mundo y tierra y el vínculo entre historia y verdad.; This paper aims to analyse the reading of Martin Heidegger’s thought offered by Luis Juan Guerrero in his Operative Aesthetics. I claim that “The Origin of the Work of Art” plays a central role in the work of the Argentinian philosopher. However, this does not mean that Guerrero is not an original author or that he is a mere commentator of the German philosopher. On the contrary: the Argentinian philosopher offers a productive reading of Heidegger which allows him to build his own and authentic philosophy. By focusing on Heidegger’s essay on art and on the first volume of the Operative Aesthetics, this paper analyses three essential issues: the concept of tool, the world-earth relationship, and the bond between history and truth.

Effects of elevated CO2 on feeding responses of biological control agents of Pontederia crassipes Paper, M.K.; Righetti, Tomás; Raubenheimer, S.L.; Coetzee, J.A.; Sosa, Alejandro Joaquín; Hill, M.P. Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) and rising temperatures will have far-reaching effects on global plant-insect interactions, yet their implications for future biological control programs are not fully understood. Studies have shown that elevated CO2 will affect insect feeding guilds differently and these responses can be predicted with some confidence. Water hyacinth, Pontederia crassipes Mart. (Pontederiaceae), is a native and representative species of the Del Plata wetlands (Argentina) that invades outside of its native environment. It is considered one of the world's worst aquatic weeds and a target for biological control. In this study, water hyacinth plants were grown under two CO2 concentrations – current (400 p.p.m.) or elevated (800 p.p.m.) –, with and without two biocontrol agents representing different feeding guilds, the leaf-chewing Cornops aquaticum Brüner (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and the phloem-feeding Megamelus scutellaris Berg (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Under eCO2 concentration, photosynthetic rate, total dry weight, and relative growth rate of P. crassipes acclimated to eCO2 conditions and plants showed very little CO2 fertilization response in eutrophic water. Insect herbivory varied depending on feeding guilds at eCO2; however, P. crassipes growth responses increased when exposed to insect herbivory. Chewing herbivory by C. aquaticum was consistent across CO2 conditions, whereas the feeding by M. scutellaris increased substantially at eCO2. These results indicate that successful biological control of P. crassipes under conditions of elevated CO2 might rely on phloem-feeding insects, with chewers playing a lesser role.

A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the upper levels of the La Colonia Formation (upper Maastrichtian), Chubut Province, Argentina O'gorman, Jose Patricio; Carignano, Ana Paula; Calvo Marcilese, María Lydia Valentina; Perez Panera, Juan Pablo A new elasmosaurid, Chubutinectes carmeloi gen. et sp. nov., from the Chubut Province, Argentina, is described. The holotype and only specimen of this species (MPEF-PV 5232) was collected from the La Colonia Formation. Chubutinectes carmeloi gen. et sp. nov. is among the few upper Maastrichtian elasmosaurids from the Southern Hemisphere whose postcranial anatomy is well known. It can be distinguished from other elasmosaurids by the following combination of characters: middle cervical centra longer than high with lateral keel and bilobate articular faces; pectoral and anterior dorsal centra with bilobate articular faces; coracoids with closed cordiform fenestra and long anterior coracoids process; high ratio coracoids/scapular length; ilium with angled shaft; pubis with small lateral cornua; humerus with posterior expansion ending in accessory facet and epipodial facets of humerus almost aligned; accessory ossification between tibia and tibial, and radius and radial. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis recovered Chubutinectes carmeloi gen. et sp. nov. within the Weddellonectia clade, including the Late Cretaceous Wedellian aristonectine elasmosaurids. The study of the associated microfossiliferous assemblages (micro- and nanofossils) suggests a marine inner neritic paleoenvironment, with restricted circulation and warm waters. The presence of Micula prinsii and Micula murus at this latitude indicates a latest Maastrichtian age, upper part of the UC20d sub-biozone and younger than ∼67,3 Ma.

Microplastic pollution in marine environments: Exploring sources, sinks, and consequences with a focus on algal interactions Salomone, Vanesa Natalia; Passucci, Victoria; Areco, María del Mar The widespread use of plastics and their low recycling rate has led to a very serious environmental problem, as plastics accumulate at an alarming rate, with effects that have not yet been thoroughly studied. Due to their small size, microplastics have become ubiquitous in various ecosystems. Furthermore, they enter organisms through multiple pathways, posing a threat to different species. The interaction between microplastics and algae, fundamental elements of aquatic food chains, has significant implications for the overall health of ecosystems. This review analyses the information published in scientific articles and official reports on the occurrence and effects of microplastics in the marine environment, particularly on algae, and their potential use for microplastic remediation. Results published demonstrate that despite the locations, it may seem that microplastics are present in all types of environments around the world. They are accumulated in sediments, seagrass, and throughout the food web. In marine environments, polyethylene is the most common polymer found, followed by polypropylene, with fibres and fragments being the most common forms. Several papers report different alga-microplastic interactions. These interactions offer opportunities for potential solutions to marine plastic pollution, as they could be used in the remediation of microplastics, due to their high adsorption capacity. However, extensive research is needed to determine the most suitable algal species, optimal conditions, practical challenges, and potential risks associated with this phycoremediation approach. The main gap in the literature is that current research often lacks precision in quantifying microplastic concentrations, which hinders the ability to accurately assess the associated risks, particularly to edible species. To address these challenges, the development of standardized protocols and reliable analytical techniques is essential. Urgent and systematic research on microplastics is needed to understand their sources, distribution, impacts and risks, to inform environmental and human health policies, and promote sustainable alternatives to plastics.

On characteristic invariants of matrix pencils and linear relations Gernandt, Hannes; Martinez Peria, Francisco Dardo; Philipp, Friedrich; Trunk, Carsten Joachim The relationship between linear relations and matrix pencils is investigated. Given a linear relation, we introduce its Weyr characteristic. If the linear relation is the range (or the kernel) representation of a given matrix pencil, we show that there is a correspondence between this characteristic and the Kronecker canonical form of the pencil. This relationship is exploited to obtain estimations on the invariant characteristics of matrix pencils under rank-one perturbations.

Unraveling swine hepatitis E in the central region of Argentina through ELISA development and epidemiological insights Gutiérrez, Silvina Elena; Arce, Lorena Paola; Bence, Angel Ricardo; Matias Brancher, Julia Rafaela; Rivero, Mariana Alejandra; Moran, María Celeste; Vizoso Pinto, María Guadalupe; Estein, Silvia Marcela Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a public health concern globally, causing acute viral hepatitis in humans. Genotype-3 HEV (HEV-3), the most frequently genotype detected in South America, is zoonotic and the main reservoirs are the domestic pig and wild boar. Circulation of HEV-3 in Argentina has been confirmed in humans as well as in pig herds, wild boar and environmental waters. However, data are scarce mainly due to the inaccessibility of serological assays in this country. In order to provide insights in the epidemiology of HEV in swine in Argentina, we developed an indirect ELISA based on the native recombinant protein ORF2 and conducted a serological survey to determine the prevalence of seropositive swine in small-scale pig farms in the central region of Argentina. The method was evaluated in a panel of 157 serum samples, resulting in relative sensitivity of 98.6 % (95 % CI 95 %−100 %) and relative specificity of 97.7 % (95 % CI 94 %−100 %) compared to a commercial test. An almost perfect agreement was obtained between the two tests (Kappa index of 0.961). A survey on 294 samples from 49 small-scale farms resulted in a seropositivity rate of 54 %. Seropositive animals were found in 34 out of 49 (69.4 %) farms. Most of the farms (70.6 %) had over 50 % of seropositive animals. The wide spreading of HEV in the swine population of Tandil, Argentina, underscore the need to better understand the epidemiology of HEV in the region, enabling the implementation of targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of this virus on public health.