Sistema de Inteligencia Geoespacial sobre tenencia y posesión de la Tierra (SIGeTierra): una respuesta de integración de bases de datos espaciales para la gestión pública Rosso, Inés; Linares, Santiago; Bellusci, María Emilia; Alvarez, Martina; de Estrada, Victoria En el presente trabajo se propone compartir el proceso de desarrollo e implementación de un Sistema de Inteligencia Geoespacial como estrategia de aprovechamiento de información existente, con el objetivo de promover el desarrollo de políticas públicas destinadas a la regularización dominial de las tierras de las familias campesinas y de la agricultura familiar, y la formalización de la propiedad comunitaria indígena y, por consiguiente, garantizar derechos económicos, sociales y culturales del sector. La experiencia surge a partir de dar respuesta al Desafío 35 presentado por la Secretaría de Agricultura Familiar, Campesina e Indígena, en el marco del programa “ImpaCT.AR Ciencia y Tecnología”, al cual se propuso la creación de SIGeTierra, una plataforma que permite almacenar, enriquecer y consultar dinámicamente la información presente en diferentes registros públicos. Metodológicamente, se diseñaron y ejecutaron distintas etapas que incluyeron la recopilación y análisis de datos existentes procedentes de diversas fuentes. El desarrollo de la plataforma geoespacial de tecnología nacional, posibilitó la puesta en marcha e integración gradual del modelo de información núcleo y el desarrollo de capacidades de autonomía en tecnologías geoespaciales por medio de capacitaciones diferenciales, así como una instancia de soporte técnico y presentación de una prueba a escala piloto del uso de la tecnología satelital.

Azospirillum argentinense Modifies Arabidopsis Root Architecture Through Auxin-dependent Pathway and Flagellin Mora, Maria Veronica; Lopez, Gaston Alberto; Molina, Romina Micaela; Coniglio, Nayla Anahí; Nievas, Sofia Mariela; De Diego, Nuria; Zeljković, Sanja Ćavar; Sarmiento, Sara Salcedo; Spíchal, Luká; Robertson, Sean; Wilkins, Olivia; Elías, Juliana María; Pedraza, Raúl Osvaldo; Estevez, Jose Manuel; Belmonte, Mark F.; Cassan, Fabricio Dario To evaluate if root architecture changes observed in Arabidopsis thaliana inoculated with Azospirillum argentinense Az39 depend exclusively on the bacterial capacity to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and plant ability to sense IAA levels. Azospirillum argentinense Az39, A. argentinense Az39 ipdC–, flagellin from A. argentinense Az39, and pure IAA were applied to A. thaliana Col-0 (wild-type) and tir1.1 (a lateral root deficient mutant) seedlings. Inoculation with heat-inactivated A. argentinense Az39 cells and a non-PGPR bacterium (Escherichia coli DH5α) was also tested. The primary root (PR) length, lateral roots (LR) number, and root hair (HR) density were assessed, and the root transcriptome was sequenced (Illumina HiSeq), followed by DEGs and GO term enrichment analyses. Inoculation with both A. argentinense strains resulted in a shorter PR and an increased number of LR and RH. IAA application (0.1 µM) led to a similar root phenotype than inoculation with Az39 (108 CFU mL−1). The addition of 1 µM flagellin, as well as plant exposure to non-lysed A. argentinense Az39 or E. coli DH5α cells, enhanced RH formation. Genes related to auxin signaling were highly expressed in the roots of Az39-inoculated seedlings; genes related to jasmonate and salicylic acid metabolism were highly expressed in the roots of plants inoculated with ipdC −. Root architecture changes in A. thaliana inoculated with A. argentinense Az39 do not depend exclusively on root IAA levels/IAA plant perception. This PGPR induces root morphological changes through both IAA-dependent and IAA-independent mechanisms. Flagellin may be a key molecule involved in IAA-independent mechanisms.

City-scale model for COVID-19 epidemiology with mobility and social activities represented by a set of hidden Markov models Pais, Carlos Marcelo; Godano, Matias I.; Juarez, Emanuel; Prado, Abelardo del; Biurrun Manresa, José Alberto; Rufiner, Hugo Leonardo Background and objective: SARS-CoV-2 emerged by the end of 2019 and became a global pandemic due to its rapid spread. Various outbreaks of the disease in different parts of the world have been studied, and epidemiological analyses of these outbreaks have been useful for developing models with the aim of tracking and predicting the spread of epidemics. In this paper, an agent-based model that predicts the local daily evolution of the number of people hospitalized in intensive care due to COVID-19 is presented. Methods: An agent-based model has been developed, taking into consideration the most relevant characteristics of the geography and climate of a mid-size city, its population and pathology statistics, and its social customs and mobility, including the state of public transportation. In addition to these inputs, the different phases of isolation and social distancing are also taken into account. By means of a set of hidden Markov models, the system captures and reproduces virus transmission associated with the stochastic nature of people's mobility and activities in the city. The spread of the virus in the host is also simulated by following the stages of the disease and by considering the existence of comorbidities and the proportion of asymptomatic carriers. Results: As a case study, the model was applied to Paraná city (Entre Ríos, Argentina) in the second half of 2020. The model adequately predicts the daily evolution of people hospitalized in intensive care due to COVID-19. This adequacy is reflected by the fact that the prediction of the model (including its dispersion), as with the data reported in the field, never exceeded 90% of the capacity of beds installed in the city. In addition, other epidemiological variables of interest, with discrimination by age range, were also adequately reproduced, such as the number of deaths, reported cases, and asymptomatic individuals. Conclusions: The model can be used to predict the most likely evolution of the number of cases and hospital bed occupancy in the short term. By adjusting the model to match the data on hospitalizations in intensive care units and deaths due to COVID-19, it is possible to analyze the impact of isolation and social distancing measures on the disease spread dynamics. In addition, it allows for simulating combinations of characteristics that would lead to a potential collapse in the health system due to lack of infrastructure as well as predicting the impact of social events or increases in people's mobility.

Quartz crystal Microbalance with dissipation monitoring for biomedical applications: Open source and low cost prototype with active temperature control Muñoz, G. G.; Millicovsky, Martín Javier; Reta, J. M.; Cerrudo, Juan Ignacio; Peñalva, A.; Machtey, Matías; Torres, R. M.; Zalazar, M. A. Advances in sensors have revolutionized the biomedical engineering field, having an extreme affinity for specific analytes also providing an effective, real-time, point-of-care testing for an accurate diagnosis. Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is a well-established sensor that has been successfully applied in a broad range of applications to monitor and explore various surface interactions, in situ thin-film formations, and layer properties. This technology has gained interest in biomedical applications since novel QCM systems are able to work in liquid media. QCM with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) is an expanded version of a QCM that measures changes in damping properties of adsorbed layers thus providing information on its viscoelastic nature. In this article, an open source and low cost QCM-D prototype for biomedical applications was developed. In addition, the system was validated using different Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) concentrations due to its importance for many medical applications. The statistics show a bigger dissipation of the system as the fluid becomes more viscous, also having a very acceptable sensibility when temperature is controlled.

The importance of the diestrus stages (early, middle, late) to the diagnosis of the endometrial disease in the bitch Praderio, Romina Gisele; Rearte, Ramiro; Stornelli, María Cecilia; García Mitacek, María Carla; de la Sota, Rodolfo Luzbel; Stornelli, María Alejandra The endometrium is the uterine layer wherein embryo implantation and development take place. Complete knowledge of the endometrium’s normal histology is critical for advancing the diagnosis of subclinical endometrial diseases. Several researchers studied subclinical endometritis (END) in different species, but the cause/s remains unknown. Furthermore, simple and reliable diagnostic tools are still necessary to diagnose subclinical END. In the bitch (Canis lupus familiaris), diestrus has been selected as the stage of the reproductive cycle to perform the diagnosis of END. This work aimed to perform morphometric and cytological studies in bitches with normal endometrium (NE) and END in diestrus’ stages. Forty-five mixed-breed clinically healthy bitches, in diestrus were used in this study. Biopsies and cytology were obtained from uterine horns, processed, and examined using a microscope. Samples from NE and END were selected, images acquired, and software for image analysis was used to measure the endometrial thickness (ET), external glandular diameter (EGD), internal glandular diameter (IGD), glandular density, and glandular cell height (CG). Significant differences were observed in GC height, EGD, IGD, and serum progesterone (P4) concentrations along diestrus. In END, both EGD and IGD were smaller than NE. The current study showed histomorphometric characteristics that appear to be influenced by P4 concentrations. In our opinion, it is relevant to consider how far the bitch had progressed into diestrus at the moment of the diagnosis of endometrial disease. Data recorded in the present study could be helpful to clarify cases of bitches with unexplained infertility or subfertility.

Género y ruralidad: Una aproximación biográfica a la trayectoria de Dolores Josefa Cobo y su legado. Argentina, 1921-1943; Gender and Rurality: A Biographical Approach to the Career of Dolores Josefa Cobo and her Legacy. Argentina, 1921-1943 Roizarena, Sofia El presente artículo propone un recorrido biográfico sobre la trayectoria de una mujer, Dolores Josefa Cobo (1876-1943) quien administró por más de veinte años una estancia ganadera en el sur de la provincia de Córdoba en Argentina. Nuestro objetivo pretende reflexionar acerca de si es posible pensarla en términos de gran terrateniente, es decir, si el ser propietaria le garantizó el acceso y la pertenencia a ese círculo privilegiado durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, momento de auge del modelo agroexportador argentino. De esta manera, abordaremos las diferentes estrategias a las que apeló para poder sobreponerse a la norma de la época trascendiendo el espacio doméstico. A su vez, nos detendremos en analizar la relación entre Cobo y los trabajadores de la estancia, los matices que estos vínculos fueron adquiriendo y las diferentes representaciones que de ella se imprimieron en el imaginario colectivo local y regional. De este modo, a partir del análisis de fuentes orales y otras provenientes desde la prensa regional, pretendemos en las siguientes páginas presentar algunas respuestas contribuyendo a esclarecer desde una experiencia personal, como lo es la trayectoria de Cobo, lo que ella tiene de particular y general.; This article offers a biographical account of the career of a woman, Dolores Josefa Cobo (1876-1943), who managed a cattle ranch in the south of the province of Córdoba in Argentina for more than twenty years. Our aim is to reflect on whether it is possible to think of her in terms of a large landowner, that is, whether being a landowner guaranteed her access to and membership of this privileged circle during the first half of the twentieth century, at the height of the Argentine agro-export model. In this way, we will address the different strategies to which she appealed in order to overcome the norm of the time, transcending the domestic space. At the same time, we will analyse the relationship between Cobo and the workers of the estancia, the nuances that these links acquired and the different representations that were imprinted in the local and regional collective imaginary. In this way, based on the analysis of oral sources and others from the regional press, we intend in the following pages to present some answers, helping to clarify, from a personal experience such as Cobo's career, what is particular and general about it.

cuerpo propio apropiado: Una lectura biopolítica del concepto de hábito de Aristóteles; Body Proper, Appropriated: A Biopolitical Reading of Aristotle’s Concept of Habit Grassi, Martín The concept of habit receives a technical-philosophical use in the work of Aristotle that entails a dialectics between the agent and a system in which he is situated. In its dual active and passive dimensions, the notion of habit enables to understand the living body as a body proper and, at the same time, as an appropriated body. The habit is the fundamental biopolitical dispositive by which the living body is appropriated and subjected to the Body Politic and its logic, made explicit in Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus.

René Zavaleta Mercado: marxismos latinoamericanos, historias nacionales, formaciones sociales abigarradas; René Zavaleta Mercado: Latin American Marxisms, National Stories, Abigarradas Social Formations Giller, Diego Martin The present work seeks to replenish the problem of the temporalities su- perimposed in the work of the Bolivian René Zavaleta Mercado (1937-1984). To do this, you work on three combined planes. First, the conditions of possibility of Marxism in Latin America from its possible conjugation with the national stories and the struggles that those stories suppose, that is, the complex link between the uni- versal and the local, between Europe and Latin America, between the class struggle and the national struggle. Secondly, the conflict between Latin America as a whole and its national parts. Finally, the debate on the concept of mode of production and that of economic-social training, in which Zavaleta intervenes with a category of his own kind: abigarradas social formations. In doing so, it risks a hypothesis with great theoretical and political potential: is it possible that there are societies in which there is no overlap of temporalities typical of capitalism?

Diagnósticos, fármacos y mujeres internadas en un hospital neuropsiquiátrico; Diagnostics, pharmaceuticals and women admitted in a neuropsychiatric hospital; Diagnósticos, produtos farmacêuticos e mulheres internadas em um manicômio Bianchi, Eugenia; Sabin Paz, Macarena del Pilar El artículo sigue una perspectiva interseccional situada, e incorpora análisis desde la sociología del diagnóstico y los estudios sociales de los fármacos. El objetivo es analizar un conjunto de fuentes de investigación compuesto por i. entrevistas semidirigidas a 15 mujeres cis que estuvieron o están internadas en un hospital neuropsiquiátrico de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, ii. entrevistas semidirigidas a 17 profesionales de los equipos tratantes, y iii. análisis de10 historias clínicas. Se analizan los diagnósticos de base que recibieron las mujeres, y su variación a lo largo de períodos prolongados de internación, como así también la relación entre los diagnósticos de ingreso y los esquemas de administración de medicación psicofarmacológica. La metodología triangula el análisis de fuentes desde métodos y técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas.; The article follows a situated intersectional perspective, and includes analyses from the sociology of diagnosis and pharmaceutical studies. The aim is to analyze a set of research sources composed of i. semi-directed interviews with 15 cis women who were or are hospitalized in a neuropsychiatric hospital in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, ii. semi-directed interviews with 17 professionals from the treatment teams, and iii. analysis of 10 medical records. The underlying diagnoses received by the women and their variation over prolonged periods of hospitalization are analyzed, as well as the relationship between admission diagnoses and psychopharmacological medication administration schedules. The methodology triangulates the analysis of sources from qualitative and quantitative methods and techniques.; O artigo segue uma perspectiva interseccional situada e incorpora análises da sociologia do diagnóstico e dos estudos sociais das drogas. O objetivo é analisar um conjunto de fontes de pesquisa composto por: i. entrevistas semi-dirigidas com 15 mulheres cis que estavam ou estão internadas em um hospital neuropsiquiátrico da província de Buenos Aires, Argentina; ii. entrevistas semi-dirigidas com 17 profissionais das equipes de tratamento e iii. análise de 10 históricos médicos. São analisados os diagnósticos subjacentes recebidos pelas mulheres e sua variação ao longo de períodos prolongados de internação, bem como a relação entre os diagnósticos de admissão e os esquemas de administração de medicamentos psicofarmacológicos. A metodologia triangula a análise de fontes a partir de métodos e técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas.

El intento de reforma del subsistema de obras sociales sindicales argentino de 1985-1986; The attempt to reform the argentine unions social security subsystem of 1985-1986 Massano, Juan Pedro En este artículo analizamos el conflicto que suscitó el intento de reforma del sistemade salud que llevó adelante el gobierno del presidente Raúl Alfonsín (1983-1989) durantela posdictadura argentina. Este proyecto, ideado por el ministro Aldo Neri y conocido comoSeguro Nacional de Salud (SNS), buscaba modificar el papel de los sindicatos y el Estado quehabía caracterizado al subsistema de obras sociales desde mediados del siglo XX. A partir deuna reconstrucción de la coyuntura histórica, mostramos cómo el conflicto que el SNS suscitócon las conducciones del movimiento obrero sindicalizado bloqueó su realización.; In this article we analyze the conflict that caused the attempt to reform the health system promoted by the government of President Raúl Alfonsín (1983-1989) during the Argentine post-dictatorship. This project, designed by Minister Aldo Neri and known as National Health Insurance (NHI), sought to modify the role of unions and the State that had characterized the unions social security subsystem since the mid-20th century. From a reconstruction of the historical conjuncture, we show how the conflict that the NHI raised with the leaders of the unionized labor movement blocked its realization.

Educación superior en Argentina: incidencia en el mercado de trabajo y en las asimetrías territoriales; Higher education in Argentina: impact on the labor market and territorial asymmetries Alfaro, Eduardo Este trabajo aborda la incidencia de la educación superior en el mercado de trabajo argentino, y la evolución reciente en el acceso a este sistema considerando asimetrías a nivel de regiones.Para ello en primer lugar se examinan los principales abordajes que, desde la economía y la sociología, han contribuido a explicar la reproducción de desigualdades sociales y educativas. Luego se describe cómo el acceso a mayores niveles de educación impacta positivamente en la calidadde la inserción laboral, y se reseña la evolución reciente del acceso al sistema de educación superior argentino. Asimismo, se valoran algunas respuestas que desde la política pública contribuyen a hacer efectivo el acceso a este nivel educativo y disminuir la deserción, entre las que se destacan laspolíticas de becas de apoyo económico.; This paper addresses the incidence of higher education in the Argentine labor market, and the recent evolution in access to this system considering asymmetries at the regional level. To do this, firstly, the main approaches that, from economics and sociology, have contributed to explain the reproduction of social and educational inequalities are examined. It then describes how access to higher levels of education has a positive impact on the quality of labor insertion, and reviews the recent evolution of access to the Argentine higher education system. Likewise, some responses are valued that from public policy contribute to making access to this educational level effective and reducing desertion, among which the economic support scholarship policies stand out.

A look into the wild. Pathological analysis of a modern collection of guanacos from the Dry Chaco and its implications for South American camelid paleopathological studies Weihmüller, María Paula Objective: This article evaluates the prevalence of lesions in a modern osteological collection of guanacos (Lama guanicoe) and discusses the potential of paleopathological data to assess human intervention and environmental stress. Materials: A modern osteological collection of guanacos (NISP = 862) from north-western Córdoba, Central Argentina. Methods: The prevalence of pathological specimens per skeletal element and the pathological index (Bartosiewicz et al., 1997) was used. The prevalence of arthropathies, trauma and infections was quantified. Additionally, thorn lesions in the autopodium were recorded. Results: 11.03 % of the specimens presented pathological changes and the mean pathological index was 0.01. Degenerative lesions were the most prevalent type (10.34 %), followed by traumatic (0.81 %) and infectious pathologies (0.12 %). Thorn lesions (2.55 %) were recorded especially in metapodials. Conclusions: Guanacos are exposed to the development of degenerative lesions, mainly in the autopodium and vertebrae. These lesions are probably common in camelids and should not be used to argue human management. Traumatic and infectious lesions are less frequent. Significance: This work provides baseline information for the paleopathological study of South American camelids and contributes to the characterization of a regionally endangered species. Limitations: The nature of the faunal assemblage did not allow for direct correlations between pathologies and individual variables such as sex or age. Suggestions for further research: The comparison of our results with other wild and domesticated modern populations would be valuable to expand the baseline information for paleopathological studies. The use of quan titative methods is encouraged for future comparative and diachronic studies.

Metabolite profiling and cytotoxic activity of Andean potatoes: Polyamines and glycoalkaloids as potential anticancer agents in human neuroblastoma cells in vitro Lanteri, Maria Luciana; Silveyra, María Ximena; Morán, Mónica Mariela; Boutet, Stéphanie; Solis Gozar, Deyvis-Dante; Perreau, François; Andreu, Adriana Balbina Andean potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. andigena) are a good source of dietary antioxidant polyphenols. We have previously demonstrated that polyphenol extracts from Andean potato tubers exerted a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, being skin extracts more potent than flesh ones. In order to gain insight into the bioactivities of potato phenolics, we investigated the composition and the in vitro cytotoxic activity of total extracts and fractions of skin and flesh tubers of three Andean potato cultivars (Santa María, Waicha, and Moradita). Potato total extracts were subjected to liquid–liquid fractionation using ethyl acetate solvent in organic and aqueous fractions. We analyzed both fractions by HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and HPLC-HRMS. Results corroborated the expected composition of each fraction. Organic fractions were rich in hydroxycinnamic acids (principally chlorogenic acid isomers), whereas aqueous fractions contained mainly polyamines conjugated with phenolic acids, glycoalkaloids, and flavonoids. Aqueous fractions were cytotoxic against SH-SY5Y cells and even more potent than their respective total extracts. Treatment with a combination of both fractions showed a similar cytotoxic response to the corresponding extract. According to correlation studies, it is tempting to speculate that polyamines and glycoalkaloids are crucial in inducing cell death. Our findings indicate that the activity of Andean potato extracts is a combination of various compounds and contribute to the revalorization of potato as a functional food.

Protocolo de imágenes emocionales - Evaluación de la memoria en adultos Protocolo de imágenes emocionales (positivas y negativas) y neutras, seleccionadas del Sistema Internacional de Imagenes Afectivas (IAPS, por sus siglas en inglés, International Affective Picture System; Lang, Bradley & Cuthbert, 1995). El protocolo se utilizo para la modulacion de la consolidacion de la memoria en poblacion adulta. Publicaciones asociado al conjunto de datos: Díaz Abrahan, V., Psyrdellis, M., & Justel, N. (2020). Novelty exposure modulates visual and verbal emotional memory: An experimental design with adults. Acta Psychologica 205, 103029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103029 Díaz Abrahan, V., Shifres, F., & Justel, N. (2019). Cognitive benefits from a musical activity in older adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(652). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00652 Díaz Abrahan, V., Shifres, F., & Justel, N. (2018). Musical improvisation modulates emotional memory. Psychology of Music. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735618810793 Bossio, M., & Juste, N. (2018). Impacto de un estilo de vida activo sobre la memoria emocional. Acción Psicológica, 15(1), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.15.1.21446

Shell and associated operculum in Teiichispira (Macluritidae: Gastropoda) from the Early/Middle Ordovician of the Argentine Precordillera Bertero, Verónica; Ferrari, Silvia Mariel; Carrera, Marcelo Gabriel Two species of Teiichispira Yochelson and Jones reported from the Early/Middle Ordovician marine deposits of the San Juan Formation in the Argentine Precordillera are described. The new species Teiichispira teresae n. sp. is a component of the Early/Middle Ordovician marine gastropod assemblage in the studied region; Teiichispira argentina (Kayser), previously known from the San Juan Formation, is described with a complete teleoconch and associated operculum. The opercula of both Teiichispira species are complete and preserved in life position associated with the shell of T. argentina. The unguiculate morphology of the operculum is here interpreted as a mechanism for increasing the shell weight and ensuring anchoring to the substrate in a more or less fixed mode of life for Teiichispira, and as protection. The new occurrence of Teiichispira provides new taxonomic data on early Paleozoic marine gastropods in Argentina and testifies to a wide paleobiogeographical distribution for the genus, restricted to tropical and subtropical regions during the Early/Middle Ordovician.

Potential demand for microloans: A household-level study Orazi, Sofia; Martinez, Lisana Belén; Guercio, María Belén; Vigier, Hernan Pedro Having an inclusive financial system is an important tool foreconomic and social development. Given the lack of depth offinancial markets in emerging economies, microfinance representsa paradigm shift. It involves incorporating instrumentsinto the financial management of households that can lead toa genuine reduction in vulnerability by generating greateraccess to durable consumer goods or housing. For this reason,this article analyzed the characteristics of households excludedfrom formal financial services in the city of Bahía Blanca,Argentina, in 2021. Once identified, they were used to calculatethe potential demand for microcredits (MCs). This allows measuringthe importance of having an alternative to meet theunsatisfied demand for small-scale credit of the populationexcluded from the formal financial market. Comparing the unsatisfiedneeds with the actual supply of MCs, the results obtainedshow a considerable scope for developing MC institutions in thecity (but also in Argentina).

First Discinid Brachiopods (Brachiopoda: Lingulida) from the Cenozoic of Patagonia (Gaiman Formation, Lower Miocene, Argentina); Primeros Braquiópodos Discinidos (Brachiopoda: Lingulida) del Cenozoico de Patagonia (Formación Gaiman, Mioceno Inferior, Argentina) Pérez, Damián E.; Farroni, Nicolás Daniel; Allende, Aylén; Cuitiño, José Ignacio Discinids are a group of inarticulate brachiopods with organophosphatic shells and a very poor fossil record. we report for the first time the presence of this family in the Cenozoic of Patagonia, represented by two new species: Discinisca porvenir sp. nov. and Discinisca messii sp. nov., both found in marine deposits of the Gaiman Formation (Lower Miocene) in Chubut province, Argentina. Specimens come from four localities: Bryn Gwyn, Cañadón del Puma, Isla Escondida, and Punta Loma. The first species, D. porvenir sp. nov., presents a shell with subcircular to subtrapezoidal outline in dorsal view and maximum width located slightly anterior, apex near to the last quarter of the total valve length, and external sculpture formed by narrow concentric bands with irregular edges. In contrast, the second species, D. messii sp. nov., shows a valve with subcircular to circular outline in dorsal view with apex placed near to posterior margin, and external sculpture formed by concentric bands with a rounded triangular profile in transverse section. The new species seem to be related to the living D. lamellosa and D. laevis, respectively, both with a western South American distribution. The Gaiman Formation includes phosphatic nodules and abundant cases of well-preserved phosphatic vertebrate remains. Due to this, and the biostratinomic conditions deduced for vertebrates, the preservation of the brachiopods could be favoured.; Los discinidos son un grupo de braquiópodos inarticulados con valvas organofosfáticas y un registro fósil muy pobre. En este trabajo reportamos por primera vez la presencia de esta familia en el Cenozoico de Patagonia, representada por dos especies nuevas: Discinisca porvenir sp. nov. y Discinisca messii sp. nov., ambas encontradas en depósitos marinos de la Formación Gaiman (Mioceno Inferior) en la provincia del Chubut, Argentina. Los especímenes provienen de cuatro localidades: Bryn Gwyn, Cañadón del Puma, Isla Escondida y Punta Loma. La primera especie, D. porvenir sp. nov., presenta una valva con contorno subcircular a subtrapezoidal en vista dorsal, con el ancho máximo situado levemente anterior, y el ápice cerca del último cuarto del largo total, y ornamentación externa dada por bandas concéntricas angostas con bordes irregulares. Por otro lado, la segunda especie, D. messii sp. nov., muestra una valva con contorno subcircular a circular en vista dorsal con el ápice cerca del margen posterior, y ornamentación externa dada por bandas concéntricas con perfil triangular redondeado en sección transversal. Las nuevas especies parecieran estar relacionadas con los taxones vivientes D. lamellosa y D. laevis, respectivamente, ambos con distribución en el oeste de América del Sur. La Formación Gaiman incluye nódulos fosfáticos y casos abundantes de restos de vertebrados fosfáticos muy bien preservados. Debido a ello, y a las condiciones bioestratinómicas deducidas a partir de los vertebrados, la preservación de los braquiópodos se habría visto favorecida.

Relaciones en socioecosistemas patagónicos continentales En el marco del Proyecto de Unidad Ejecutora del IPEEC “Una visión integrada de los procesos ambientales: observatorio de los ecosistemas continentales patagónicos (OECoP)" se identificaron las relaciones entre componentes ambientales, procesos, servicios ecosistémicos y bienestar humano mediante una serie de talleres con la participación del personal del IPEEC involucrado en las distintas áreas de trabajo del proyecto: vegetación, clima, biodiversidad, suelo, biotecnología y agua. Se contribuye al objetivo 2 del PUE: Identificar y caracterizar relaciones fundamentales entre agentes externos, estructura, función y provisión de servicios en ecosistemas continentales a partir de la síntesis de investigaciones con diferentes enfoques y escalas. Objetivos específicos de los talleres: Identificar un grupo de servicios ecosistémicos en el que se enfocará el PUE. Generar un espacio de intercambio sobre las líneas de investigación del IPEEC que facilite colaboraciones Identificar y caracterizar relaciones fundamentales entre agentes externos, estructura, función y provisión de servicios en ecosistemas continentales a partir de la síntesis del conocimiento generado en las distintas líneas de investigación de los/las participantes. Contribuir a entender qué datos/variables se necesitan y tendremos disponibles para el modelado de servicios ecosistémicos (Obj. 4 PUE) Desarrollar bases comunes sobre terminología, conceptos y procesos en el marco conceptual de servicios ecosistémicos. Estos datos son la base para desarrollar un modelo conceptual con las relaciones utilizando análisis de redes que permita entender mejor el socioecosistema en forma holística y soporte la toma de deciociones.

Nanoanticuerpos VHH mono y multivalentes contra el virus de Influenza A de aplicación profiláctica y terapéutica El virus de la influenza tipo A continúa siendo responsable de brotes y epidemias, además de pandemias con graves consecuencias para la salud humana. Luego de la Pandemia del año 2009, los virus H1N1 se establecieron en la población humana como virus estacionales junto a los virus H3N2, y han representado el subtipo prevalente. La hemaglutinina (HA) es el antígeno inmunodominante que contiene en su dominio globular (HA1) el sitio de unión al receptor celular (RBS) que induce anticuerpos neutralizantes asociados con la protección contra la infección. En el presente trabajo se caracterizaron nanoanticuerpos (VHHs) derivados de llama inmune específicos para el virus de la influenza tipo A, con el fin de investigar su potencial como herramienta terapéutica. Se seleccionaron 10 VHHs específicos contra H1N1. Dos VHHs (B33 y D81) mostraron unión específica contra los subtipos H1, H5 y H3, y reconocieron epítopes lineales. B33 se unió cerca del N-terminal del tallo de HA (HA2) y D81 se unió cerca del C-terminal de HA1. Debido a su amplio rango de reconocimiento, los VHH B33 y D81 podrían considerarse candidatos para perfeccionar las herramientas de diagnóstico. Cinco VHH neutralizantes (A5, D81, D91, E13 y G41) reconocieron epítopes ubicados en HA1. E13 y G41 reconocieron epítopes conformacionales en HA1, y mostraron capacidad neutralizante contra otros 6 virus de origen humano, aviar y porcino, aislados entre los años 1934 y 2018. Este último dato sugiriere que el epítope involucrado en el reconocimiento sería altamente conservado, requisito necesario para la elección de una herramienta terapéutica de aplicación universal. En el modelo ratón, VHH E13 mostro efecto profiláctico esterilizante contra los virus H1N1 (hu/Arg/09, hu/Arg/09 ma, y hu/PR8/34) en todo el rango de dosis administradas (5 mg/kg a 0,05 mg/kg), y no fue posible detectar virus en los pulmones de los animales tratados el día 4 después de la exposición. Por otro lado, G41 mostró un efecto profiláctico específico frente a la cepa hu/Arg/09 (dosis 5mg/Kg) y una protección parcial frente a la misma adaptada al ratón y frente al hu/PR8/34, logrando en el 100% de los animales el mantenimiento del peso a lo largo del ensayo. Se destaca la capacidad de E13 para controlar la infección por H1N1 en ratones, respaldando su desarrollo como un inmuno-terapéutico para la profilaxis y el tratamiento del virus de la influenza. Por otro lado, se encontraron eficacias profilácticas similares para los VHHs E13 y G41 expresados en P. Pastoris, lo cual evidencia la factibilidad de la elaboración de estos VHHs en un sistema de expresión frecuentemente utilizado por la industria farmacéutica. A su vez, el estudio de la respuesta inmune humoral, viéndose disminuida en los animales que reciben tratamiento específico con E13, o con G41, demostrando que la inmunidad pasiva desata un menor compromiso de la respuesta inmune endógena en los individuos tratados. Adicionalmente, no se observó una respuesta específica contra los VHHs suministrados lo que agrega un dato de seguridad de los VHHs terapéuticos. Por otro lado, a través de un nuevo biopaneo, se realizó la búsqueda de nanoanticuerpos específicos contra el virus H3N2 hu/Perth/09, utilizando la técnica display en fagos. Para la selección de los VHHs se utilizó el virus H3N2 hu/Perth/09 producido en células MDCK y purificado con una columna de intercambio iónico Sartobind Q lo que favoreció la eliminación de restos celulares . De los 26 clones obtenidos fue posible obtener las secuencias de 14 VHHs, y se evidenciaron al menos 8 clones disponibles para su posterior caracterización. A su vez, en el presente trabajo se presenta la puesta a punto del modelo cobayo de infección con virus influenza, el cual no requiere de la adaptación de los virus de origen humano, con potencial aplicación a la eficacia tanto terapéutica como profiláctica de los VHHs, como así también el estudio del bloqueo de la transmisión viral por contacto. De los resultados anteriores se desprende que la administración local de VHHs neutralizantes, E13 y G41 otorgan protección total frente a la infección viral con virus influenza H1N1, y respalda su desarrollo posterior como componente activo de inmunoterapéuticos y su transferencia a la clínica médica.

Cognitive Deficits Found in a Pro-inflammatory State are Independent of ERK1/2 Signaling in the Murine Brain Hippocampus Treated with Shiga Toxin 2 from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) produces hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and acute encephalopathy. The mortality rate in HUS increases significantly when the central nervous system (CNS) is involved. Besides, EHEC also releases lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Many reports have described cognitive dysfunctions in HUS patients, the hippocampus being one of the brain areas targeted by EHEC infection. In this context, a translational murine model of encephalopathy was employed to establish the deleterious effects of Stx2 and the contribution of LPS in the hippocampus. The purpose of this work is to elucidate the signaling pathways that may activate the inflammatory processes triggered by Stx2, which produces cognitive alterations at the level of the hippocampus. Results demonstrate that Stx2 produced depression-like behavior, pro-inflammatory cytokine release and NF-kB activation independent of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, while co-administration of Stx2 and LPS reduced memory index. On the other hand, LPS activated NF-kB dependent on ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Cotreatment of Stx2 with LPS aggravated the pathologic state, while dexamethasone treatment succeeded in preventing behavioral alterations. Our present work suggests that the use of drugs such as corticosteroids or NF-kB signaling inhibitors may serve as neuroprotectors from EHEC infection.