Information transfer during mobbing: call rate is more important than the number of callers in a southern temperate passerine Fernandez, Gustavo Javier; Dutour, Mylène; Carro, Mariana Emilia Many bird species vary their alarm calls according to the level of risk they face and this information can be used by receivers to respond to the mobbing event. Recent studies have also found that the number of callers can play an important role in the decision of subsequent individuals to join a mobbing event. We conducted a playback experiment to assess if differences in calling rate and number of callers elicit different behavioural responses in the house wren (Troglodytes aedon chilensis). We broadcast the alarm call of either one or two individuals, at different calling rates along the breeding season. We found that house wrens responded more frequently during playback of alarm calls at higher rates than during playback of calls at lower rates. However, focal individuals moved closer to the speaker when calls were played back at lower rates. There were no differences in the response of house wrens when we broadcast the calls of one or two individuals. These results suggest that call rates are an important element in the communication of danger in the house wren, rather than caller number. Significance statement: Mobbing is an anti-predator strategy observed in many species, and often involves the use of calls that can communicate to conspecifics and heterospecifics about the threat of the predator. Understanding the factors and cues that receivers use to respond is an important element in understanding communication between individuals. We studied the role of call rate and number of callers in the behavioural response to mobbing calls of individuals in the house wren during the breeding season. Using a playback experiment, we show that individuals respond more often to calls played at a high rate, regardless of the number of callers. House wrens´ call rates vary according to the level of perceived risk, so our results show that receivers use this information to respond to mobbing calls.

Juventudes, cooperativismo y plataformas digitales: Una experiencia argentina en construcción; Youth, cooperativism and digital platforms: An argentine experience in construction Otero, Analia Los desafíos sociales y económicos en la postpandemia serán múltiples, en el caso argentino, el impacto del Covid-19 en las juventudes tendrá consecuencias severas de cara al mundo del trabajo, sobre todo con relación a la agudización de la precarización, el deterioro de la condición laboral, la expansión del precariado digital, etc. Este trabajo desde una perspectiva cualitativa indaga sobre un proyecto de cooperativismo de plataforma, impulsado desde una cooperativa de base tecnológica en argentina. En el texto se debate sobre las intersecciones complejas entre cooperativismo y plataformasdigitales; se exponen relatos de la experiencia, dando cuenta de sus raíces, causas y gestación, al tiempo que se plantea la singularidad de esta construcción colectiva innovadora como fuente de futuras indagaciones.; The social and economic challenges in the post-pandemic will be multiple. In the Argentine case, the impact of Covid-19 on youth will have severe consequences for the world of work, especially in relation to the worsening of precariousness; the deterioration of the labor condition; the expansion of the digital precariat. etc. This work from a qualitative perspective investigates a platform cooperative project, promoted from a technology-based cooperative in Argentina. The text discusses the complex intersections between cooperatives and digital platforms; Stories of the experience are exposed, giving an account of its roots, causes and gestation, at the same time that the uniqueness of this innovative collective construction is raised as a source of future investigations.

Cambios en el agua disponible de Patagonia Norte: Transición climática hacia condiciones más cálidas y secas Adduca, Santino; Hurtado, Santiago Ignacio; Calianno, Martin Helene J; Easdale, Marcos Horacio El clima y el agua en la producción agrícola y ganadera cumplen un rolfundamental. Por este motivo,en este artículo describimos la disminuciónobservada del agua disponible en Patagonia Norte,asociada a una transición climática hacia condiciones más cálidas y secas. Las consecuencias de estos cambios agravan la problemática del acceso al agua en una región árida como la Patagonia.

Evaluación del potencial de ventilación natural de distintas localidades de la Argentina; Evaluation of the potential of natural ventilation of several Argentinean locations González, Silvina Mariana; Valdez, Marcelo Federico; Flores Larsen, Silvana Elinor La ventilación natural en edificios residenciales es una estrategia bioclimática fundamental para reducir los consumos de energía eléctrica destinados a la climatización para garantizar el confort térmico de los habitantes de una vivienda. Además del diseño y orientación adecuados de las aberturas (puertas y ventanas) de una vivienda o edificio, la efectividad de la ventilación natural como estrategia de climatización pasiva depende de las condiciones ambientales del lugar. En este trabajo se analizan las condiciones meteorológicas típicas y se determina el potencial de ventilación natural de ochenta y siete (87) ubicaciones a lo largo del territorio argentino, distribuidas en todas las provincias y en prácticamente todas las regiones climáticas del país. En base al año meteorológico típico de cada ubicación se computa una hora de ventilación natural cada vez que la temperatura del aire exterior, la temperatura de punto de rocío y la velocidad del viento se encuentran entre los valores establecidos por las condiciones de confort de los habitantes. Los resultados indican que el territorio argentino posee un excelente potencial (por encima de las 2190 h o del 25% de las horas anuales) para aprovechar la ventilación natural como estrategia pasiva de climatización durante prácticamente todo el año. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, las regiones con climas templado pampeano, templado serrano, árido de sierras y campos, y árido de la estepa patagónica son las más favorables para el aprovechamiento de las estrategias de ventilación natural.; Natural ventilation in residential buildings is a key bioclimatic strategy to help reduce the electrical energy consumption associated with air conditioning to ensure the thermal comfort of the occupants of a building. Apart from an adequate design and orientation of the openings (doors and windows), the effectiveness of natural ventilation as a passive cooling strategy depends on the environmental conditions of the area. In this effort, the typical meteorological conditions are analyzed and the natural ventilation potentials are determined for eighty-seven (87) locations throughout the Argentinean territory. These sites are located in each of the provinces of the country and are inserted in practically all the climatic regions. Using the typical meteorological year of each location, the natural ventilation potential is computed by adding up all the hours of the year in which the dry bulb temperature, the dew point and the wind speed are within the values required for the thermal comfort of the occupants. The results show that the Argentinean territory has excellent potential (above 2190h during the year, or 25%) to exploit natural ventilation as a passive cooling strategy throughout most of the year. The tempered (templado pampeano and templado serrano), and arid (de sierras y campos y de la estepa patagónica) climates where found to be the most proper to leverage natural ventilation strategies.

The Carnegie Supernova Project I Holmbo, S.; Stritzinger, Maximilian; Karamehmetoglu, E.; Burns, Christopher R.; Morrell, Nidia Irene; Ashall, Chris; Hsiao, Eric; Galbany, Lluís; Folatelli, Gaston; Phillips, M. M.; Baron, E.; Gutiérrez, C. P.; Leloudas, G.; Müller Bravo, T. E.; Hoeflich, Peter; Taddia, F.; Suntzeff, Nicholas B. An analysis leveraging 170 optical spectra of 35 stripped-envelope (SE) core-collapse supernovae (SNe) observed by the Carnegie Supernova Project I and published in a companion paper is presented. Mean template spectra were constructed for the SNe IIb, Ib, and Ic subtypes, and parent ions associated with designated spectral features are identified with the aid of the spectral synthesis code SYNAPPS. Our modeled mean spectra suggest the ∼6150 Å feature in SNe IIb may have an underlying contribution due to silicon, while the same feature in some SNe Ib may have an underlying contribution due to hydrogen. Standard spectral line diagnostics consisting of pseudo-equivalent widths (pEWs) and blue-shifted Doppler velocity were measured for each of the spectral features. Correlation matrices and rolling mean values of both spectral diagnostics were constructed. A principle component analysis (PCA) was applied to various wavelength ranges of the entire dataset and suggests clear separation among the different SE SN subtypes, which follows from trends previously identified in the literature. In addition, our findings reveal the presence of two SNe IIb subtypes, a select number of SNe Ib displaying signatures of weak, high-velocity hydrogen, and a single SN Ic with evidence of weak helium features. Our PCA results can be leveraged to obtain robust subtyping of SE SNe based on a single spectrum taken during the so-called photospheric phase, separating SNe IIb from SNe Ib with ∼80% completion.

Ultra-peripheral collisions of charged hadrons in extensive air showers Masip, Manuel; Rosario, Ivan; Sciutto, Sergio Juan We discuss the electromagnetic collisions of high energy protons, pions and kaons with atmospheric nuclei. In particular, we use the equivalent photon approximation to estimate (i) the diffractive collisions where the projectile scatters inelastically off a nucleus, and (ii) the usual radiative processes (bremsstrahlung, pair production and photonuclear interactions) of these charged hadrons in the air. We then include the processes in the simulator AIRES and study how they affect the longitudinal development of extensive air showers. For 109-11 GeV proton primaries we find that they introduce a very small reduction (below 1%) in the average value of both X max and ΔX max. At a given shower age (relative slant depth from X max), these electromagnetic processes slightly increase the number of charged particles at the shower maximum and reduce the number of muons when it is old, decreasing by 1% the muon-to-(γ + e) near the ground level.

On finite GK-dimensional Nichols algebras of diagonal type: Rank 3 and Cartan type Angiono, Iván Ezequiel; Garcia Iglesias, Agustin This paper contributes to the proof of the conjecture posed in AAH, stating that a Nicholsalgebra of diagonal type with finite Gelfand-Kirillov dimension has finite(generalized) root system. We prove the conjecture assuming that therank is 3 or that the braiding is of Cartan type.

Inteligencia artificial, el juez Hércules y la única respuesta jurídica correcta Etcheverry, Juan Bautista Si bien las críticas al formalismo jurídico del siglo XIX parecían haber desterrado toda pretensión de que los jueces aplicaran mecánicamente las leyes, este debate fue reabierto a partir del reconocimiento del papel particular que cumplen los principios en los sistemas jurídicos y, con los avances de la inteligencia artificial. En este contexto, el autor analiza la evolución a lo largo de la historia de la tesis de la única respuesta jurídica correcta y qué desafíos encuentra el intento de reeditarla de la mano de los disruptivos avances tecnológicos vinculados a la IA.

Role of recombinant Histoplasma capsulatum 100-kilodalton antigen in the diagnosis of histoplasmosis among HIV/AIDS patients: Antigenuria and antibodies detection Toscanini, María Agustina; Rodriguez Laboccetta, Carolina Mariel; Videla Garrido, Agustin; Posse, Gladys B.; Capece, Paula; Valdez, Ruth M.; Chacón, Yone A.; Gonzalez Maglio, Daniel Horacio; Nusblat, Alejandro David; Cuestas, María Luján Background: Diagnosing progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) is still challenging in many countries where this disease is highly endemic. Definitive diagnosis is established by culture and/or by cytology/histopathology but both procedures have limited sensitivity and cultures are time-consuming. Antibodies detection by immunodiffusion has a low sensitivity in immunocompromised individuals. Commercially available antigen detection assays have high sensitivity in PDH cases; however, they are expensive and only performed in few laboratories. Aims: To describe the potential use of a novel ELISA for antibodies testing and a dot blot assay for antigen testing for diagnosing PDH using the recombinant 100 kDa protein of Histoplasma capsulatum (Hcp100) and their polyclonal antibodies as novel reagents, respectively. Methods: Serum and urine samples from a cohort of patients with HIV/AIDS and proven PDH were studied for the detection of anti-Hcp100 antibodies by ELISA and Hcp100 antigen by dot blot, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and cross-reactions with other diseases were estimated for each assay and compared with those obtained using histoplasmin (HMN) as a reagent for antibodies detection by ELISA and immunodiffusion, and using a commercial antigenuria test. Results: Antibodies detection by the Hcp100 ELISA demonstrated 78.6% sensitivity and 88.4% specificity, versus 85.7% sensitivity and 81.0% specificity for the HMN ELISA and 26.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the immunodiffusion assay. Antigen detection by the Hcp100 dot blot demonstrated 89.3% sensitivity and 97.0% specificity versus 82.1% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity for the commercial test. Conclusion: The immunoassays described herein based on Hcp100 would be a valuable screening tool for diagnosing PDH.

Aproximación a los procesos de valorización patrimonial y turística de los paisajes del oasis norte de Mendoza: Una propuesta de periodización desde la geografía; Approach to the processes of patrimonial and touristic valorization of the landscapes of the northern oasis of Mendoza: a proposal of periodization from geography Suden, Clarisa Ayelen El paisaje se presenta como una construcción social dinámica. Es valorizado para distintos fines, entre los cuales se encuentra su puesta en valor patrimonial y turística. Para conocer el modo en que los diversos paisajes del oasis Norte de la provincia de Mendoza se han configurado y evolucionado a través del tiempo, y así poder comprender su relación con los procesos de valorización patrimonial y turística, se propone una periodización o cortes espaciotemporales señalando aquellos hitos o situaciones (políticas, económicas, sociales, etc.) que dejan su impronta en el territorio y obligan a realizar un viraje en su estructuración, disposición y función. Para ello se sigue un esquema hipotético deductivo; se utiliza la metodología de periodizaciones y se combinan técnicas de recolección de datos cualitativas y cuantitativas. Entre los resultados se destacan la preponderancia de los paisajes culturales vinculados con vitivinicultura, la religión, lo urbano y la gesta sanmartiniana.; The landscape is presented as a dynamic social construction. It is valorized for different purposes, among which is its patrimonial and touristic value. In order to understand the way in which the different landscapes of the northern oasis of the province of Mendoza have been configured and evolved over time, and thus be able to understand their relationship with the processes of heritage and tourism valorization, a periodization or spatial-temporal cuts are proposed, pointing out those milestones or situations (political, economic, social, etc.) that leave their mark on the territory and force a change in its structuring, layout and function. For this purpose, a deductive hypothetical scheme is followed; the periodization methodology is used and qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques are combined. Among the results, the preponderance of cultural landscapes linked to viticulture, religion, urban and San Martin’s heroic deeds stand out.

Deleuze, Beckett y el teatro del agotamiento; Deleuze, Beckett, and the Theater of Exhaustion Perrone, Luis Nicolás El presente artículo aborda uno de los textos menos trabajados de Gilles Deleuze, L’Épuisé, donde el filósofo analiza cuatro piezas teatrales-televisivas de Samuel Beckett y despliega la problemática del agotamiento de la palabra en la obra del dramaturgo irlandés. Este agotamiento es pensado por Deleuze en relación con cuatro elementos: las cosas, la voz, el espacio y la imagen. Desde nuestro punto de vista, entendemos que este trabajo evidencia la última figura con que el filósofo piensa el teatro y su devenir ante la imagen audiovisual. Los elementos que se ven agotados en las piezas de Beckett son el índice, además, de un tipo de teatralidad que implosiona la representación dramática en favor de un devenir hacia la imagen.; This paper deals with one of Gilles Deleuze’s least addressed texts, L'Épuisé, in which the philosopher analyzes four theatrical-television pieces by Samuel Beckett and deals with the problem of the exhaustion of the word in the work of the Irish playwright. This exhaustion is seen by Deleuze in relation to four elements: things, voice, space and image. From our point of view, we understand that this work shows the last figure with which the philosopher thinks about theater and its transformation facing the emergence of audiovisual images. The elements that Beckett exhausts in his pieces are also a sign of a type of theatricality that imploded the dramatic representation in favor of a development towards image.

Irreversibility, QNEC, and defects Casini, Horacio German; Torroba, Gonzalo; Salazar Landea, Ignacio We first present an analysis of infinitesimal null deformations for the entanglement entropy, which leads to a major simplification of the proof of the C, F and A-theorems in quantum field theory. Next, we study the quantum null energy condition (QNEC) on the light-cone for a CFT. Finally, we combine these tools in order to establish the irreversibility of renormalization group flows on planar d-dimensional defects, embedded in D-dimensional conformal field theories. This proof completes and unifies all known defect irreversibility theorems for defect dimensions d ≤ 4. The F-theorem on defects (d = 3) is a new result using information-theoretic methods. For d ≥ 4 we also establish the monotonicity of the relative entropy coefficient proportional to R . The geometric construction connects the proof of irreversibility with and without defects through the QNEC inequality in the bulk, and makes contact with the proof of strong subadditivity of holographic entropy taking into account quantum corrections.

El fenómeno de la inquilinización en las ciudades intermedias: actores, valores y oferta inquilina en el Área Metropolitana de Mendoza, Argentina; The tenant phenomenon in intermediate cities: actors, values and tenant supply in the metropolitan area of Mendoza, Argentina; O fenômeno do locatário nas cidades intermediárias: atores, valores e oferta do locatário na área metropolitana de Mendoza, Argentina Miranda Gassull, Virginia Paulina; Ginestar, María Florencia El acelerado crecimiento de hogares inquilinos en las principales urbes de Latinoamérica se ha dado a la par del decrecimiento de hogares propietarios desde finales de los noventa. Se observa que los hogares inquilinos se condensan en las zonas centrales de las ciudades donde se ha dado un proceso de densificación urbana y existe mayor sedimentación de la oferta de vivienda. En el Área Metropolitana de Mendoza (AMM), constituida como aglomerado de tamaño intermedio, también se reproduce este fenómeno denominado “proceso de inquilinización”. La configuración territorial de expansión urbana se expresa en la “mercantilización” de la ciudad, por la valorización y conversión del suelo urbano, en un negocio inmobiliario y financiero en el que la vivienda es un bien de cambio y su accesibilidad está asociada a la capacidad monetaria de cada hogar. Se analiza la realidad inquilina del AMM, con base en el crecimiento de la población entre periodos censales, y la distribución en el territorio urbano. El fenómeno de inquilinización se analiza por el nivel de vulnerabilidad socio habitacional de los hogares inquilinos sobre la relación entre los valores del alquiler y los ingresos de la población. La metodología es tipo inductivo-explicativo, y combina técnicas de análisis documental de fuentes primarias y secundarias, entrevistas y procesos de medición cuantitativa. Los datos se construyen por una consulta propia, información censal y de los portales inmobiliarios locales. Como resultado, se obtuvo que los departamentos centrales del AMM se encuentran mayoritariamente afectados por el proceso de inquilinización y mayor grado de vulnerabilidad.; The rapid growth of tenant households in the main cities of Latin America has gone hand in hand with the decrease in owner households since the late 1990s. It is observed that the tenant households are condensed in the central areas of the cities where there has been a process of urban densification and there is greater sedimentation of the housing supply. In the Metropolitan Area of Mendoza (AMM), constituted as an agglomerate of intermediate size, this phenomenon called “tenancy process” is also reproduced. The territorial configuration of urban expansion is expressed in the “commodification” of the city, due to the valuation and conversion of urban land, into a real estate and financial business in which housing is a commodity and its accessibility is associated with purchasing power. of each home. The tenant reality of the AMM is analysed, based on the population growth between census periods, and the distribution in the urban territory. The tenancy phenomenon is analysed by the level of socio-housing vulnerability of tenant households on the relationship between rental values and income of the population. The methodology is inductive-explanatory, and combines documentary analysis techniques from primary and secondary sources, interviews, and quantitative measurement processes. The data is built by own consultation, census information and local real estate portals. As a result, it was obtained that the central departments of the AMM are mostly affected by the tenancy process and a greater degree of vulnerability.; O rápido crescimento dos domicílios arrendatários nas principais cidades da América Latina foi acompanhado pela diminuição dos domicílios proprietários desde o final da década de 1990. Observa-se que os domicílios arrendatários estão concentrados nas áreas centrais das cidades onde há um processo de adensamento urbano e há maior sedimentação da oferta habitacional. Na Área Metropolitana de Mendoza (AMM), constituída como um aglomerado de tamanho intermediário, também se reproduz esse fenômeno denominado “processo de arrendamento”. A configuração territorial da expansão urbana expressa-se na “mercantilização” da cidade, decorrente da valorização e conversão do solo urbano, num negócio imobiliário e financeiro em que a habitação é uma mercadoria e a sua acessibilidade está associada ao poder de compra de cada casa. Analisa-se a realidade locatária da AMM, com base no crescimento populacional entre os períodos censitários, e na distribuição no território urbano. O fenómeno do arrendamento é analisado pelo nível de vulnerabilidade sócio habitacional dos agregados familiares arrendatários na relação entre os valores das rendas e os rendimentos da população. A metodologia é indutiva-explicativa e combina técnicas de análise documental de fontes primárias e secundárias, entrevistas e processos de medição quantitativa. Os dados são construídos por consulta própria, informações censitárias e portais imobiliários locais. Como resultado, obteve-se que os departamentos centrais da AMM são os mais afetados pelo processo de arrendamento e um maior grau de vulnerabilidade.

Contrastación y calibración de equipos Hobo tipo H08-003, tipo Pendant UA-001 y tipo U12-013; Contrast and calibration of equipment Hobo type H08-003, type pendant UA-001, and type U12-013 Betman, Alicia; Balter, Julieta; Ganem, Carolina Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar las mediciones de temperatura obtenidas con distintos equipos registradores de datos (Datalogger) HOBO, comparándolas con las de un instrumento más preciso: HOBO tipo UX100-003. Los datos fueron recolectados durante una estación intermedia (otoño) en un período de 4 días. Se evaluó la precisión del siguiente equipamiento: 2 Dataloggerstipo H08-003, 2 Dataloggers tipo Pendant UA-001 y 2 Dataloggers tipo U12-013. Las comparaciones entre las medidas obtenidas con los distintos dispositivos y el instrumento más preciso se realizaron calculando el error medio cuadrático y el error medio cuadrático porcentual. Como resultado se obtuvo que, para los equipos H08-003-02 y U12-013 las variaciones advertidas en los registros se encuentran dentro del rango de precisión establecida por el fabricante. Con respecto al HOBO Pendant UA-001, las mediciones mostraron diferencias mayores a las esperadas. Para obtener una mejor aproximación de los valores medidos al instrumento más preciso se calculó para cada HOBO una curva de calibración aplicando mínimos cuadrados. La ecuación que representa cada una de estas curvas podrá incorporarse a un software que permitirá mejorar la confiabilidad de las mediciones obtenidas con los dataloggers de menor precisión.; The objective of this work was to evaluate the temperature measurements obtained with different HOBO data loggers, comparing them with those of a more precise instrument: HOBO type UX100-003. The data was collected during an intermediate season (autumn) in a period of 4 days. The precision of the following equipment was evaluated: 2 Dataloggers type H08-003, 2 Dataloggers type Pendant UA-001 and 2 Dataloggers type U12-013.Comparisons between the measurements obtained with the different devices and the most accurate instrument were made by calculating the mean square error and the percentage mean square error. As a result, it was obtained that, for the H08-003-02 and U12-013 equipment, the variations announced in the records are within the precision range established by the manufacturer. Regarding the HOBO Pendant UA-001, those detected showed greater differences than expected. To obtain a better approximation of the measured values to the more precise instrument, a calibration curve was calculated for each HOBO using least squares. The shape that represents each of these curves will be incorporated into a software that will improve the reliability of the measurements obtained with the less precise data loggers.

Why and how could an aliphatic bridge allow for a long-range photoinduced charge separation in Tröger's bases derivatives Lanza Castronuovo, Priscila Ailin; Dusso, Diego; Mena, Leandro Daniel; Parise, Alejandro Ruben; Moyano, Elizabeth Laura; Chesta, Carlos Alberto; Vera, Domingo Mariano Adolfo Tröger´s bases (TBs) have shown great potential to be used in different fields of science, such as biology, organic synthesis, photoelectronic applications, among others. As we have recently shown, a series of asymmetrically substituted Tröger´s base derivatives showed unexpected pull?push behavior. The aliphatic diazocine heterocycle which connect an electron donor and an electron acceptor moiety efficiently couples both electronic subsystems as if it were a typical π-conjugated linker. A thorough computational study was intended to shed light on the origin of the observed photophysical properties. A modified version of the CAM-B3LYP functional yielded an accurate prediction of the absorption and emission spectra of these species. In contrast, range-corrected and classical hybrid approaches showed too high and remarkably too low excited states energies, respectively. Unlike the typical π-linked donor/acceptor systems, a threshold was found in the redox gap of the centers in order to obtain a full charge separation. The role of the aliphatic bridge was found to be related to the unusual topology of the frontier orbitals involved, to the tension and particular molecular shape of the Tröger bicycle and to a contribution due to homoconjugation as well. Calculations on the actual Tröger derivatives and specific models were able to quantify the magnitude of the different contributions that make possible the charge separation.

Materialidad de la devoción medieval en el "Libro de los tres reyes de Oriente; The material aspects of medieval devotion in the libro de los tres reyes de oriente Zubillaga, Carina Alejandra A partir de la idea de mediación del códice medieval como objeto cultural y de la dinámica del intercambio, el presente estudio plantea la hipótesis de que la configuración manuscrita está sujeta a la primacía de un sentido sobre los otros (el de la vista). En función de ese marco, el propósito consiste en analizar los objetos visuales y textuales del "Libro de los tres reyes de Oriente", según el Ms. Esc. K-III-4, como manifestación ejemplar de la materialidad devocional del período y su relevancia tanto concreta como simbólica; Since a medieval codex is, among other things, a cultural, material object, this paper argues that the handwriting in the document —given the primacy of vision over the other bodily senses— has a predominantly visual significance. Based on this premise, the paper offers a study of the visual and textual aspects of manuscript K-III-4 of the Libro de los tres reyes de Oriente, and presents it as an excellent example of the material aspects of medieval devotion and of its concrete and symbolic relevance.

Reconstruction of the pectoral girdle and forelimb musculature of Megaraptora (Dinosauria: Theropoda) Aranciaga Rolando, Alexis Mauro; Novas, Fernando Emilio; Calvo, Jorge Orlando; Porfiri, Juan Domingo; Dos Santos, Domenica D.; Lamanna, Matthew C. Megaraptora is a group of enigmatic, carnivorous non-avian theropod dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of Asia, Australia, and especially South America. Perhaps the most striking aspect of megaraptoran morphology is the large, robustly constructed forelimb that, in derived members of the clade, terminates in a greatly enlarged manus with hypertrophied, raptorial unguals on the medialmost two digits and a substantially smaller ungual on digit III. The unique forelimb anatomy of megaraptorans was presumably associated with distinctive functional specializations; nevertheless, its paleobiological significance has not been extensively explored. Here we draw from observations of the pectoral girdle and forelimb skeletons of Megaraptora and myological assessments of other archosaurian taxa to provide a comprehensive reconstruction of the musculature of this anatomical region in these singular theropods. Many muscle attachment sites on megaraptoran forelimb bones are remarkably well developed, which in turn suggests that the muscles themselves were functionally significant and important to the paleobiology of these theropods. Furthermore, many of these attachments became increasingly pronounced through megaraptoran evolutionary history, being substantially better developed in derived taxa such as Australovenator wintonensis and especially Megaraptor namunhuaiquii than in early branching forms such as Fukuiraptor kitadaniensis. When considered alongside previous range of motion hypotheses for Australovenator, our results indicate that megaraptorans possessed a morphologically and functionally specialized forelimb that was capable of complex movements. Notable among these were extensive extension and flexion, particularly in the highly derived manus, as well as enhanced humeral protraction, attributes that very probably aided in prey capture.

Autocatalytic Mechanism in the Anaerobic Reduction of Metmyoglobin by Sulfide Species Palermo, Juan Cruz; Carllinni Colombo, Melisa; Semelak, Jonathan Alexis; Scocozza, Magali Franca; Boubeta, Fernando Martín; Murgida, Daniel Horacio; Estrin, Dario Ariel; Bari, Sara Elizabeth The mechanism of the metal centered reduction of metmyoglobin (MbFeIII) by sulfide species (H2S/HS−) under an argon atmosphere has been studied by a combination of spectroscopic, kinetic, and computational methods. Asymmetric Sshaped time-traces for the formation of MbFeII at varying ratios of excess sulfide were observed at pH 5.3 < pH < 8.0 and 25 °C, suggesting an autocatalytic reaction mechanism. An increased rate at more alkaline pHs points to HS− as relevant reactive species for the reduction. The formation of the sulfanyl radical (HS• ) in the slow initial phase was assessed using the spin-trap phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone. This radical initiates the formation of S−S reactive species as disulfanuidyl/ disulfanudi-idyl radical anions and disulfide (HSSH•−/HSS•2− and HSS−, respectively). The autocatalysis has been ascribed to HSS−, formed after HSSH•−/HSS•2− disproportionation, which behaves as a fast reductant toward the intermediate complex MbFeIII(HS−). We propose a reaction mechanism for the sulfide-mediated reduction of metmyoglobin where only ferric heme iron initiates the oxidation of sulfide species. Beside the chemical interest, this insight into the MbFeIII/ sulfide reaction under an argon atmosphere is relevant for the interpretation of biochemical aspects of ectopic myoglobins found on hypoxic tissues toward reactive sulfur species.

Consideraciones sobre el lector y los propósitos de escritura en los primeros años del nivel superior: Una experiencia de taller con estudiantes de Humanidades; Considerations about the reader and the purposes of writing in the first years at university: A workshop experience with Humanities student Artigas, María Emilia; Pasetti, Mariapia Al ingresar a la universidad, los estudiantes tienen contacto con prácticas de lectura yescritura que no habían sido ejercitadas en las instancias educativas previas. De este modo, lalectoescritura, particularmente durante los primeros años dentro del mundo académico, implica unaserie de desafíos. En este artículo, compartiremos una experiencia desarrollada en el marco de lamateria que dictamos, esto es, el “Taller de Escritura Académica”, destinado a estudiantes de carrerasde Humanidades (UNMdP). En esta oportunidad, reflexionaremos sobre las tensiones entre decir ytransformar el conocimiento (Scardamalia y Bereiter, 1992; Molina y Carlino, 2013) en las primerasexperiencias de escritura académica, atendiendo principalmente a la relevancia que adquiere lafigura del lector y los propósitos textuales para lograr una prosa que no solo refleje el pensamientodel escritor (Flower, 1979), sino que tenga en cuenta al destinatario.; Upon entering the university, students have contact with reading and writing practices that had not been exercised in previous educational instances, such as middleschool. Thus, literacy, particularly during the first year in university, involves a series of challenges. In this communication, we will share an experience developed in the “Taller de escritura académica”, subject that we teach, intended for students of Humanities careers (UNMdP). On this occasion, we will reflect on the tensions bet we ensaying and transforming knowledge (Scardamalia and Bereiter, 1992; Molina and Carlino 2013) in the first experiences of academic writing, paying attention mainly to the relevance that the figure of the reader acquires and the textual purposes for achieve a prose that does not only reflect the thought of the writer (Flower, 1979), but that adapts to the addressee.

Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and its interaction with the metabolome in metabolic associated fatty liver disease: Gut microbiome signatures, correlation networks, and effect of PNPLA3 genotype Mascardi, María Florencia; Mazzini, Flavia Noelia; Suarez, Barbara; Ruda, Vera M.; Marciano, Sebastián; Casciato, Paola; Narvaez, Adrián; Haddad, Leila; Anders, Margarita; Orozco, Federico; Tamaroff, Ana Jesica; Cook, Frank; Gounarides, John; Gutt, Susana; Gadano, Adrián; García, Celia Méndez; Marro, Martin L.; Penas Steinhardt, Alberto; Trinks, Julieta Interactions between communities of the gut microbiome and with the host could affect the onset and progression of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and can be useful as new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this study, we performed a multi-omics approach to unravel gut microbiome signatures from 32 biopsy-proven patients (10 simple steatosis -SS- and 22 steatohepatitis -SH-) and 19 healthy volunteers (HV). Human and microbial transcripts were differentially identified between groups (MAFLD vs. HV/SH vs. SS), and analyzed for weighted correlation networks together with previously detected metabolites from the same set of samples. We observed that expression of Desulfobacteraceae bacterium, methanogenic archaea, Mushu phage, opportunistic pathogenic fungi Fusarium proliferatum and Candida sorbophila, protozoa Blastocystis spp. and Fonticula alba were upregulated in MAFLD and SH. Desulfobacteraceae bacterium and Mushu phage were hub species in the onset of MAFLD, whereas the activity of Fonticula alba, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Mushu phage act as key regulators of the progression to SH. A combination of clinical, metabolomic, and transcriptomic parameters showed the highest predictive capacity for MAFLD and SH (AUC = 0.96). In conclusion, faecal microbiome markers from several community members contribute to the switch in signatures characteristic of MAFLD and its progression towards SH.