An overview on metal pollution on touristic sandy beaches: Is the COVID-19 pandemic an opportunity to improve coastal management? Buzzi, Natalia Sol; Menendez, Maria Clara; Truchet, Daniela María; Delgado, Ana Laura; Fernandez Severini, Melisa Daiana The worldwide spread of the SARS-CoV-2 caused an unprecedented lockdown measures in most countries with consequences on the world society, economy, and sanitary systems. This situation provided an opportunity to identify the effects of human confinement on natural environments, like touristic sandy beaches, which are stressed due to anthropogenic pressures. Based on previous articles about heavy metals sources and levels in these ecosystems, this paper discusses the dynamic of these pollutants and a regulatory scenario associated with COVID-19 sanitation policies. The main findings suggest that 39% of the studies were on Asian sandy beaches, 16% from Europe, while America and Africa with 23% each. Also Co, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe and Mn were the most frequently analyzed metals in sediments and in several cases their concentrations exceed international guidelines assessment. Finally, even though beaches are under several metals inputs, tourism plays a key role in these ecosystems quality. After analyzing the potential indirect effect of COVID-19 measures on metals dynamics, we propose some key recommendations and management strategies to mitigate heavy metal pollution on sandy tourist beaches. These proposals are useful for decision-makers and stakeholders to improve sandy beach management, mainly those beaches not addressed from a management perspective; and their implementation should be adapted according to the regulations and legislation of each country.

Reflexiones, hipótesis e interrogantes en torno a los resultados del CNA 2018 para la provincia de Santa Fe; Reflections, hypotheses and questions regarding the results of the CNA 2018 for the province of Santa Fe Urcola, Marcos Andres; Tifni, Evangelina Los Censos Nacionales Agropecuarios (CNA) constituyen una de las principales fuentes de datos que permiten conocer la estructura agraria de un país. En función de los mismos se van construyendo percepciones sobre el sector agropecuario y los diversos actores sociales que lo integran. Con motivo de la reciente publicación de los resultados del CNA 2018 en Argentina, en este artículo compartimos algunas reflexiones y advertencias sobre los sesgos y limitaciones que ofrecen los censos en general y éste en particular. Teniendo en cuenta estos aspectos, se analizaron los datos que brinda el CNA 2018 sobre lo que acontece en la provincia de Santa Fe, comparándolo con otros censos, fuentes secundarias y el propio conocimiento empírico del equipo de investigación sobre dicha provincia. Este análisis nos ha permitido formular algunas hipótesis e interrogantes sobre lo que los datos estadísticos indican y también señalar aquellos aspectos que merecen ser contrastados con otras fuentes y estudios específicos.; The National Agricultural Censuses (NAC) constitute one of the main sources of data that allow to account for the agrarian structure of a country. Based on them, perceptions about the agricultural sector and the various social actors that comprise it are being built. On the occasion of the recent publication of the results of the NAC 2018 in Argentina, in this article we share some reflexions and warnings about the biases and limitations offered by censuses in general and this one in particular. Taking these aspects into account, the data provided by the NAC 2018 on what happens in the province of Santa Fe were analyzed, comparing it with other censuses, secondary sources and the empirical knowledge of the research team on the same province. This analysis has allowed us to formulate some hypotheses and questions about what the statistical data indicates and also to point out those aspects that deserve to be contrasted with other sources and specific studies.

No effect of abscisic and p-coumaric acids as food supplements and stimulants of the immunological system of Africanized hybrids of Apis mellifera Chavez Hernandez, Elsa; Otero Colina, Gabriel; Llanderal Cazares, Celina; Maggi, Matías Daniel; Rodriguez Dehaibes, Sostenes Rafael; Soto Rojas, Lauro; Rocha Martinez, Marisol Karina; Perez de la Rosa, Juan Diego Bee colonies determined as Apis mellifera scutellata haplotype A1 were administered with a food supplement of sugar syrup mixed with p-coumaric acid (CUM), to test its supposed antioxidant effects; abscisic acid (ABA), to test whether it promotes innate immunity in bees, the combination of both (ABACUM), and syrup as a control. During three months, the number of cells with brood, honey and pollen reserves, as well as the concentration of hemocytes in worker bees were counted. Besides, Varroa destructor and Nosema ceranae were monitored. At the doses used, ABA and CUMhad no effect on oviposition; however, there was a significant increase in the number of cells with brood or with honey and pollen reserves between the beginning and the end of the study. Regarding the monitoring of V. destructor, there were no significant differences between treatments; this mite did not cause obvious damage, seemingly because the experimental (Africanized) bees are considered tolerant to its infestation. There were no significant differences between treatments in infection by N. ceranae; however, there was a significant decrease in intensity, prevalence, and abundance of spores between the beginning and the end of the study, which was associated with the fact that the bees collected nectar and this resulted in the development of colonies. The number of hemocytes did not show a significant difference between treatments, but there was a significant increase between the first and the last evaluation. Neither ABA, CUM or ABACUM produced the predicted effects on the experimental bees.

Fronteras en el mar, conversaciones a través de la niebla: soberanías en disputa en el Atlántico Sur entre negociación, fuerza y derechos (notas sobre el desalojo de Puerto Egmont, junio de 1770) Barriera, Dario Gabriel El 10 de junio de 1770, una expedición española al mando de Juan Ignacio de Madariaga expulsó a la guarnición británica que se había establecido en Puerto Egmont (isla Trinidad, al norte de la Gran Malvina). Los libros de historia donde se aborda el tema —desde los más clásicos hasta los más recientes— se han interesado más por sus consecuencias que por el hecho en sí mismo. En este artículo, donde balizaré los orígenes historiográficos del tema en la Argentina para conectarlo luego con algunas perspectivas más recientes, voy a enfocarme sobre los intercambios mantenidos por los comandantes españoles y británicos alrededor de Puerto Egmont entre noviembre de 1769 y el 10 de junio de 1770. Voy a someterlos a un análisis situacional para relevar cómo, a mil millas de distancia de sus respectivos centros — allí donde se enredaban los imperios— esas voces que encarnaban los intereses de sus soberanos al ras del suelo lidian polémicamente con nociones tales como las de soberanía, fuerza y derecho —casi siempre estudiadas bajo el paraguas de la teoría política y con base exclusiva en escritos doctrinarios—.; On June 10th, 1770, a Spanish expedition under the command of Juan Ignacio de Madariaga expelled the British garrison that had established itself in Puerto Egmont (Trinidad Island, north of Gran Malvina). On this occasion, Spanish military superiority was so evident that the British commanders had no choice but to make a deal on the best terms to be allowed to return to their homeland. History books on the subject – from the most classic to the most recent – have been more interested in its consequences than in the event itself. In this article, where I will trace the historiographical origins of the subject in Argentina and then connect it with some more recent perspectives, I will focus on the exchanges between the Spanish and British commanders around Port Egmont between November 1769 and June 10, 1770. I will submit them to a situational analysis to reveal how, a thousand miles away from their respective centers – where empires are entangled – those voices that embodied the interests of their sovereigns at ground level polemically dealt with notions such as sovereignty, force and law – almost always studied under the focus of political theory and exclusively on the basis of doctrinal writings –.

Indicadores para evaluar del rendimiento de usuarios de oficina en clima templado cálido; Indicators to evaluate the performance of office users in warm temperate climate Alamino Naranjo, Yesica; Kuchen, Ernesto El objetivo de este trabajo es encontrar rangos de rendimiento óptimo de usuarios de oficinas de tipología abierta-cerrada afectados por variables ambientales, y valorarlos a través de un indicador numérico. Para ello se lleva adelante un trabajo de campo en base a mediciones de variables ambientales como temperatura operativa, nivel de CO2, nivel de iluminación y nivel de ruido, y encuestas a usuarios durante tres periodos del año en 160 oficinas de tipo abierta-cerrada, en un edificio de referencia en clima templado cálido. Los resultados permiten conocer rangos de variabilidad preferidos y la valoración del rendimiento laboral por cada variable de estudio.; The objective of this work is to find optimal performance ranges for users of open-closed typology offices affected by environmental variables, and assess them through a numerical indicator. For this, fieldwork is carried out in situ, based on measurements of environmental variables such as operative temperature, CO2 level, illumination level and noise level, and user surveys during three periods of the year, in 160 offices of type open-closed, in a reference building in a warm temperate climate. The results allow us to know the preferred ranges of variability and the assessment of work performance for each study variable.

Antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate in a model of endometriosis Delsouc, María Belén; Conforti, Rocío Ayelem; Vitale, Daiana Luján; Alaniz, Laura Daniela; Pacheco, Pablo Hugo; Andujar, Sebastian Antonio; Vallcaneras, Sandra; Casais, Marilina Aims: Copper (Cu) is involved in the endometriosis progression. Herein, an experimental endometriosis model was used to evaluate whether its chelation with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TM) affects the proliferation and angiogenesis in endometriotic-like lesions and the participation of oxidative stress in these processes. Main methods: Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: sham-operated mice, endometriosis-induced mice, and TM-treated endometriosis-induced mice. Each animal in the third group received 0.3 mg of TM/day in their drinking water from the postoperative 15th day. The samples were collected after one month of induced pathology. In peritoneal fluids, Cu and estradiol levels were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and electrochemiluminescence, respectively. Endometriotic-like lesions were processed for the analysis of cell proliferation by PCNA immunohistochemistry, the expression of angiogenic markers by RT-qPCR, the presence of endothelial cells by immunofluorescent staining, and oxidative stress applying spectrophotometric methods. Key findings: TM treatment decreased Cu and estradiol levels, which were increased by this pathology. In lesions, TM induced: (a) a decrease in tissue weight and volume, (b) a decrease in PCNA-positive cells, (c) antiangiogenic effects by decreasing the number of blood vessels, the mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2) and platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (Pdgfb), and the presence of endothelial cells, (d) a decrease in antioxidant activity and an increase in lipid peroxidation. Significance: TM is a highly effective antiproliferative and antiangiogenic agent, modulating oxidative imbalance in endometriosis. Its anti-endometriotic potential is an attractive feature of TM as a possible non-hormonal treatment.

A novel strategy to uncover specific GO terms/phosphorylation pathways in phosphoproteomic data in Arabidopsis thaliana Arico, Denise Soledad; Beati, Maria Paula; Wengier, Diego Leonardo; Mazzella, Maria Agustina Background: Proteins are the workforce of the cell and their phosphorylation status tailors specific responses efficiently. One of the main challenges of phosphoproteomic approaches is to deconvolute biological processes that specifically respond to an experimental query from a list of phosphoproteins. Comparison of the frequency distribution of GO (Gene Ontology) terms in a given phosphoproteome set with that observed in the genome reference set (GenRS) is the most widely used tool to infer biological significance. Yet, this comparison assumes that GO term distribution between the phosphoproteome and the genome are identical. However, this hypothesis has not been tested due to the lack of a comprehensive phosphoproteome database. Results: In this study, we test this hypothesis by constructing three phosphoproteome databases in Arabidopsis thaliana: one based in experimental data (ExpRS), another based in in silico phosphorylation protein prediction (PredRS) and a third that is the union of both (UnRS). Our results show that the three phosphoproteome reference sets show default enrichment of several GO terms compared to GenRS, indicating that GO term distribution in the phosphoproteomes does not match that of the genome. Moreover, these differences overshadow the identification of GO terms that are specifically enriched in a particular condition. To overcome this limitation, we present an additional comparison of the sample of interest with UnRS to uncover GO terms specifically enriched in a particular phosphoproteome experiment. Using this strategy, we found that mRNA splicing and cytoplasmic microtubule compounds are important processes specifically enriched in the phosphoproteome of dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. Conclusions: This study provides a novel strategy to uncover GO specific terms in phosphoproteome data of Arabidopsis that could be applied to any other organism. We also highlight the importance of specific phosphorylation pathways that take place during dark-grown Arabidopsis development.

Trait meta-mood scale-24: Estructura factorial, validez y confiabilidad en estudiantes universitarios argentinos; Trait meta-mood scale-24: Factor structure, validity and reliability in argentine college students; Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24: Structure des facteur, validité et fiabilité chez les étudiants argentins Gonzalez, Rocio; Custodio, Jesica Brenda; Zalazar Jaime, Mauricio Federico; Medrano, Leonardo Adrian INTRODUCCIÓN. Una de las herramientas más utilizadas para la evaluación de la inteligencia emocional autopercibida (IEA) es el Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS). Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios que den cuenta de cómo funciona en estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Sumado a ello, recientemente se ha propuesto una revisión de la estructura factorial del TMMS-24, por lo que se requiere de nuevas investigaciones a los fines de examinar cuál es la estructura factorial que representa más adecuadamente a la IEA. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la estructura factorial del TMMS-24 (probando el modelo bifactor y utilizando coeficientes adicionales), como así también su validez y confiabilidad, con el fin de aportar evidencias que garanticen la calidad de la medida en su adaptación al contexto local para su aplicación a estudiantes universitarios de Buenos Aires, Argentina. MÉTODO. La muestra estuvo comprendida por 374 estudiantes, quienes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el TMMS-24, y las versiones argentinas del Cuestionario de regulación emocional y el Inventario de cociente emocional. RESULTADOS. El análisis factorial confirmatorio dio cuenta de un adecuado ajuste del modelo a los datos al modelo oblicuo (tres factores correlacionados con sus respectivos indicadores: atención, claridad y reparación; X2 = 803.354, GL = 249, CFI .9384, TLI .931, RMSEA [90% IC] = .0778; [.071, .083], WRMR 1.5273). Si bien el modelo bifactor evidenció índices de ajuste satisfactorios, los indicadores adicionales no fueron adecuados. La consistencia interna fue adecuada para cada subescala (atención emocional ω = .90; claridad emocional ω = .90; reparación emocional ω = .88). Se encontraron diferencias según sexo y edad para ciertas subescalas y correlaciones esperadas con las subescalas del ERQ-A y del EQ-i. DISCUSIÓN. El TMMS-24 mostró propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la medición de IEA en población universitaria de Buenos Aires.; INTRODUCTION. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) is one of the most used measures to evaluate self-perceived emotional intelligence. However, there are few studies that show how this instrument works with Argentine university students. In addition to this, a review of the factorial structure of the TMMS-24 has recently been proposed. Therefore, more research is required to examine which is the factorial structure that more adequately represents self-perceived emotional intelligence. The aim of the present study was to analyze the factorial structure of the TMMS-24 (testing the bifactor model and using additional coefficients), as well as its validity and reliability in order to provide evidence that contributes to the quality of the adaptation of this measure to the local context. METHOD. The sample was composed of 374 students, who filled out a sociodemographic questionnaire, the TMMS-24 and the Argentine versions of the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire and the Emotional Quotient Inventory. RESULTS. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit of the model to the data referred to the oblique model (three factors correlated with their respective indicators: Attention, Clarity and Repair (X2= 803.354, GL = 249, CFI .9384, TLI .931, RMSEA [90% IC] = .0778; [.071, .083], WRMR 1.5273). Although the bifactor model showed satisfactory fit indices, the additional indicators were not adequate. Internal consistency was acceptable for each subscale (Emotional Attention ω = .90; Emotional Clarity ω = .90; Emotional Repair ω = .88). Differences were found according to sex and age for specific sub-scales, and expected correlations were found between TMMS-24, ERQ-A and EQ-i. DISCUSSION. The TMMS-24 showed adequate psychometric properties to measure IEA in the university population of Buenos Aires.; INTRODUCTION. La Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) est un des outils les plus utilisés pour l’évaluation de l’intelligence émotionnelle auto-perçue (IEA). Cependant, il y a peu d’études qui expliquent comment cela fonctionne chez les étudiants universitaires argentins. Au-delà de cela, une révision de la structure factorielle de la TMMS-24 a été récemment proposée. Des nouvelles recherches sont donc nécessaires afin d’examiner quelle est la structure factorielle qui représente d’une façon plus adéquate l’IEA. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’analyser la structure factorielle de la TMMS-24 (test du modèle bifactoriel et utilisation de coefficients supplémentaires), ainsi que sa validité et sa fiabilité afin de fournir des preuves garantissant la qualité de la mesure dans son adaptation au contexte local à travers son application aux étudiants universitaires de Buenos Aires, en Argentine. MÉTHODE. L’échantillon était composé de 374 étudiants qui ont répondu à un questionnaire sociodémographique, la TMMS-24, et les versions argentines du Questionnaire de Régulation Émotionnelle et de l’Inventaire du Quotient Émotionnel. RÉSULTATS. L’analyse factoriel confirmatoire a montré un ajustement adéquat du modèle aux données du modèle oblique (trois facteurs corrélés à leurs indicateurs respectifs: Attention, Clarté et Réparation; X2 = 803,354, GL = 249, CFI .9384, TLI .931, RMSEA [IC à 90 %] = 0,0778 ; [0,071, 0,083], WRMR 1,5273). Bien que le modèle à deux facteurs a montré des indices d’ajustement satisfaisants, les indicateurs supplémentaires n’étaient pas adéquats. La cohérence interne était adéquate pour chaque sous-échelle (Attention ω = 0,90; Clarté ω = 0,90; Réparation ω = 0,88). Des différences ont été trouvées selon le sexe et l’âge pour certaines sous-échelles ainsi que des corrélations attendues avec les sous-échelles ERQ-A et EQ-i. DISCUSSION. La TMMS-24 a montré des propriétés psychométriques adéquates pour la mesure de l’IEA dans la population universitaire de Buenos Aires.

Las pachas paralelas: Reflexiones etnográficas sobre arte, conflictos y comunidades en Salinas Grandes; The parallel pachas: Ethnographic reflections on art, conflicts, and Indigenous communities in Salinas Grandes Miranda Pérez, José María En el verano de 2020, el artista tucumano Tomás Saraceno llevó adelante un proyecto de arte contemporáneo en Salinas Grandes (Noroeste de Argentina) en articulación con las comunidades de la Mesa de la Cuenca de Salinas Grandes y Laguna de Guayatayoc, llamado Aerocene Pacha. Inspirado en el concepto de Antropoceno y la cosmovisión andina, el proyecto fue ideado como una experiencia multidisciplinar y cooperativa que contó con la participación de artistas, ingenieros, aeronautas, sociólogos y las comunidades del salar. En este artículo me voy a detener en algunas de las relaciones que emergieron en Salinas Grandes gracias a este proyecto, enfocándome en las establecidas entre el artista y su equipo y las comunidades del salar. Mi propuesta es que estas relaciones implicaron al menos dos perspectivas paralelas y por momentos divergentes, solo en una de ellas (la de Aerocene Pacha) las acciones conjuntas pueden definirse como motivadas por intereses comunes. Para argumentar esta idea, utilizaré descripciones de mi trabajo de campo en una de las comunidades que participó del proyecto, entrevistas con el artista y parte del abundante material de difusión que se generó, para hacer un análisis etnográfico de las ideas y prácticas implicadas en la noción de Pachamama de Aerocene y de las comunidades. A través de estos materiales, mostraré que la conexión que el proyecto impulsó entre ambas nociones puede conceptualizarse como una “equivocación”, en el sentido definido por Viveiros de Castro. Mientras la pacha de Aerocene descansa sobre el principio de lo ‘común’, como aquello que permite a las diferencias colectivizarse; la pacha de las comunidades se presenta como parte de un conjunto de prácticas locales que suponen, desean y apuntalan las autonomías familiares, en donde las ‘singularidades irreductibles’ tiene un papel fundamental.; In the summer of 2020, and in articulation with the communities of the Table of the Salinas Grandes Basin and Guayatayoc Lagoon, the artist Tomás Saraceno developed a contemporary art project in Salinas Grandes (Northwest of Argentina). Inspired by the concept of the Anthropocene and the Andean cosmovision, the project was conceived as a multidisciplinary and cooperative experience, with the participation of artists, engineers, aeronauts, sociologists, and the communities of the salt flat. In this article I will discuss some of the relations that emerged in Salinas Grandes thanks to this project, focusing on those established between the artist, his team, and the local communities. I propose is that these relations involve at least two parallel, and at times, divergent perspectives, in which only in one of them -that of Aerocene Pacha- collaborative actions can be defined as motivated by common interests. To support this affirmation, I will use descriptions of my fieldwork in one of the communities that participated in the project, interviews with the artist, and part of the abundant outreach material that Aerocene Pacha generated, to make an ethnographic analysis of the ideas and practices implied in Aerocene’s and the communities’ notion of pacha. Through these materials, I will show that the connection the project promoted between the two notions can be conceptualized as an “equivocation”, in Viveiros de Castro’s sence. While Aerocene’s pacha rests on the principle of the ‘common’, as that which allows differences to be collectivized, the pacha of the communities is presented as part of a set of local practices that assume, desire, and underpin the family autonomies, where ‘irreducible singularities’ play a fundamental role.

Model-independent features of gravitational waves from bubble collisions Megevand, Ariel Hugo; Membiela, Federico Agustin We study the gravitational radiation produced by the collisions of bubble walls or thin fluid shells in cosmological phase transitions. Using the so-called envelope approximation, we obtain analytically the asymptotic behavior of the gravitational wave spectrum at low and high frequencies for any phase transition model. The complete spectrum can thus be approximated by a simple interpolation between these asymptotes. We verify this approximation with specific examples. We use these results to discuss the dependence of the spectrum on the time and size scales of the source.

Pluralismo médico: Regulaciones y concepciones de salud en seis países de América Latina; Medical pluralism: Regulations and health concepts in six Latin American countries Papalini, Vanina Andrea; Avelin Cesco, Maria Josefina El propósito de este artículo es discutir la noción de pluralismo médico, en su sentido de capacidad de integrar medicinas no biomédicas —terapéuticas originarias americanas, medicinas naturales y herbarias, y medicinas complementarias y alternativas— en el modelo sanitario latinoamericano. Discutimos las denominaciones de la oms y analizamos distintas clasificaciones existentes. Finalmente, examinamos un panel de seis países: Argentina, Brasil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, comparándolos concisamente, para establecer de qué manera y con qué grado se reconocen, en sus normativas y leyes, las diferentes medicinas practicadas en América Latina.; The purpose of this article is to discuss the notion of medical pluralism, understood as the ability to integrate non-biomedical medicines —native American therapeutics, natural and herbal medicines, and complementary and alternative medicines— into the Latin American health model. We discuss who definitions and analyze different current classifications. Finally, we examined a panel of six countries: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, comparing them briefly, to establish how and to what extent the different medicines practiced in Latin America are recognized in their regulations and laws.

Animal prion diseases: A review of intraspecies transmission Gallardo, Mauro Julian; Delgado, Fernando Oscar Animal prion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative, transmissible, and fatal disorders that affect several animal species. The causative agent, prion, is a misfolded isoform of normal cellular prion protein, which is found in cells with higher concentration in the central nervous system. This review explored the sources of infection and different natural transmission routes of animal prion diseases in susceptible populations. Chronic wasting disease in cervids and scrapie in small ruminants are prion diseases capable of maintaining themselves in susceptible populations through horizontal and vertical transmission. The other prion animal diseases can only be transmitted through food contaminated with prions. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is the only animal prion disease considered zoonotic. However, due to its inability to transmit within a population, it could be controlled. The emergence of atypical cases of scrapie and BSE, even the recent report of prion disease in camels, demonstrates the importance of understanding the transmission routes of prion diseases to take measures to control them and to assess the risks to human and animal health.

Evaluación Energética y Económica de calefacción de Hogares por Bomba de Calor en Bariloche, Montevideo y Santiago; Energy and Economic Assessment of Household Space Heating by Heat Pumps in Bariloche, Montevideo and Santiago; Avaliação Energética e Econômica do Aquecimento Doméstico por Bomba de Calor em Bariloche, Montevidéu e Santiago Juanico, Luis Eduardo; Bove, Italo El cambio climático obliga a mejorar la eficiencia del consumo de energía. En este trabajo se desarrolla una metodología de evaluación energética y económica de las ventajas de sustituir sistemas de calefacción tradicionales de gas natural, GLP, o electricidad, por una moderna bomba de calor (inverter). Al ser su eficiencia función de la diferencia de temperaturas entre el ambiente exterior y el interior, la eficiencia varía según la ubicación de la ciudad. De esta manera, se estudia su rendimiento en Bariloche, Santiago de Chile y Montevideo (temperatura media anual de 8,3; 14,6 y 16,3 °C, respectivamente), empleando los siguientes sistemas: 1) aire-aire, instalando varios equipos Split; y 2) aire-agua, instalando una bomba de calor que brinde calefacción por radiadores de agua. Esta metodología permite dimensionar estos sistemas y calcular el ahorro anual, ejemplificándose para una vivienda social de 50 m2. En todos los casos estudiados se alcanzaron reducciones de los consumos y ahorros de moderados a notables (y períodos de repago de la inversión menores a dos años), excepto contra el gas natural en Bariloche y Montevideo. Se discute también cómo su inversión moderada puede constituir una primera solución asequible, frente a la costosa rehabilitación térmica, a fin de obtener viviendas más sustentables.; Climate change forces to improve the efficiency of energy consumption. This work develops a methodology for energy and economic assessment related to replacing a standard household heating system fueled by natural gas, LPG, or conventional electric heaters, with a modern heat pump (inverter). As its efficiency is related to the temperature difference between the outdoor and indoor environments, the efficiency varies depending on the location of the city. Thus, the performance is studied in Bariloche, Santiago de Chile, and Montevideo (Average annual temperature of 8.3, 14.6 and 16.3 °C, respectively), using the following systems: 1) air-air, installing several Split devices; and 2) air-water, installing a heat pump that provides heating by water radiators. This methodology allows sizing these systems and calculating annual savings, exemplified for a 50 m2 social housing. In all the cases studied, moderate to notable reductions in consumption and savings were achieved (and investment payback periods of less than two years), except for natural gas in Bariloche and Montevideo. It is also discussed how their moderated investment can be an affordable first solution, as opposed to the expensive thermal rehabilitation, for obtaining more sustainable housing.; A mudança climática nos obriga a melhorar a eficiência do consumo de energia. Neste trabalho é desenvolvida uma metodologia de avaliação energética e económica das vantagens da substituição dos sistemas tradicionais de aquecimento a gás natural, GPL ou electricidade, por uma moderna bomba de calor (inverter). Como sua eficiencia é função da diferença de temperaturas entre os ambientes externos e internos, uma eficiência varía de acordo com uma localização da cidade. Desta forma, seu desempenho é estudado em Bariloche, Santiago do Chile e Montevidéu (temperatura média anual de 8,3, 14,6 e 16,3 ° C, respectivamente), utilizando os seguintes sistemas: 1) ar-ar, instalando várias equipes Split; e 2) ar-água, instalação de bomba de calor que fornece aquecimento por radiadores de água. Essa metodologia permite dimensionar esses sistemas e calcular una economía anual, exemplificada para um quarto social de 50 m2 . Em todos os casos estudados, as reduções e economias de consumo foram de moderadas a notáveis (e prazos de reembolso de investimentos inferiores a dois anos), exceto para o gás natural em Bariloche e Montevidéu. Também é discutido como seu investimento moderado pode constituir uma primeira solução acessível, em comparação com uma reabilitação térmica cara, un fim de obter uma habitação mais sustentável.

Antagonistic-mutualistic interaction between parrots and plants in the context of global change: Biological introductions and novel ecosystems Bahia, Rocio; Lambertucci, Sergio Agustin; Plaza, Pablo; Speziale, Karina Lilian Parrots, and their fundamental role in the ecosystems played by the gradient of antagonistic-mutualistic interactions with plant communities, are currently under threat by anthropic activities. We reviewed scientific knowledge of antagonistic-mutualistic interaction between parrot and plant species, focusing on two key global change drivers: urbanization and species introduction. For this, we analyzed the state of knowledge on plant-parrot interactions considering their origin (native or non-native), and the environment type (natural, anthropic/non-urban and anthropic/urban) where interactions were studied. We analyzed 149 articles studying interactions between 126 parrot species and 1758 plant species. Most of these articles focused on the role of parrots as predators, as dispersers and/or pollinators, though very few studies focused on the net result of more than one interaction simultaneously. Articles focused mostly on native parrots interacting with native plants; although this changed with the environment type, single studies did not compare such differences. In natural and non-urban anthropic environments native parrots interacted mostly with native species. In urban areas both native and non-native parrots interacted with plants of both origins. We, here, provide recommendations based on our results and highlight important knowledge gaps to be filled related to interactions between parrot-plant along the antagonistic-mutualistic gradient, focusing on non-native species, and anthropic environments. Understanding the full range of the ecological interactions of parrots, and how they are affected by anthropic activities, will provide us with crucial information about the functioning of the environments they live in, which is also essential for the design of effective conservation strategies.

Analysis of the Variability in the Atmospheric Electric Field and Natural Gamma Radiation in Different Weather Conditions Rosa de Oliveira, Rafael Ricardo; Tacza, José; Raulin, Jean Pierre; Szpigel, Sergio; Makhmutov, Vladimir; Philippov, Maxim; Ccopa, Josué; Marun, Adolfo Hector; Fernandez, German Enzo Leonel In recent years the analysis of the variability of the natural gamma radiation and its relationshipwith high atmospheric electric fields in disturbed weather, e.g., thunderstorms, have been important, as well as the relationship between these parameters in fair weather conditions. In this paper we analyze the diurnal variation of the atmospheric electric field and natural gamma radiation, in fair and disturbed weather conditions, recorded in the Argentinian Andes mountain (2552 masl) between April 2018 and February 2019. In fair weather conditions, it was found a higher linear correlation coefficient (R) between the atmospheric electric field diurnal curve and the ‘universal’ Carnegie curve (R=0.93), and a high negative correlation between the atmospheric electric field and natural gamma radiation diurnal curve (R=-0.9). On the other hand, in disturbed weather conditions, we reported thirteen events where it was found intense natural gamma radiation enhancements associated with high atmospheric electric field variability. A maximum of 35 % excess in the natural gamma radiation was detected, which was associated with thunderstorms and rain precipitation. It was observed a high correlation between the excesses of the gamma natural radiation enhancement with the atmospheric electric field values (R=0.80) and with the rain precipitation rate (R=0.59).

Dead-reckoning animal movements in R: A reappraisal using Gundog.Tracks Gunner, Richard M.; Holton, Mark; Scantlebury, Mike D.; van Schalkwyk, O. Louis; English, Holly M.; Williams, Hannah J.; Hopkins, Phil; Quintana, Flavio Roberto; Gómez Laich, Agustina Marta; Börger, Luca; Redcliffe, James; Yoda, Ken; Yamamoto, Takashi; Ferreira, Sam; Govender, Danny; Viljoen, Pauli; Bruns, Angela; Bell, Stephen H.; Marks, Nikki J.; Bennett, Nigel C.; Tonini, Mariano Hernan; Duarte, Carlos M.; van Rooyen, Martin C.; Bertelsen, Mads F.; Tambling, Craig J.; Wilson, Rory P. Background: Fine-scale data on animal position are increasingly enabling us to understand the details of animal movement ecology and dead-reckoning, a technique integrating motion sensor-derived information on heading and speed, can be used to reconstruct fine-scale movement paths at sub-second resolution, irrespective of the environment. On its own however, the dead-reckoning process is prone to cumulative errors, so that position estimates quickly become uncoupled from true location. Periodic ground-truthing with aligned location data (e.g., from global positioning technology) can correct for this drift between Verified Positions (VPs). We present step-by-step instructions for implementing Verified Position Correction (VPC) dead-reckoning in R using the tilt-compensated compass method, accompanied by the mathematical protocols underlying the code and improvements and extensions of this technique to reduce the trade-off between VPC rate and dead-reckoning accuracy. These protocols are all built into a user-friendly, fully annotated VPC dead-reckoning R function; Gundog.Tracks, with multi-functionality to reconstruct animal movement paths across terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial systems, provided within the Additional file 4 as well as online (GitHub). Results: The Gundog.Tracks function is demonstrated on three contrasting model species (the African lion Panthera leo, the Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus, and the Imperial cormorant Leucocarbo atriceps) moving on land, in water and in air. We show the effect of uncorrected errors in speed estimations, heading inaccuracies and infrequent VPC rate and demonstrate how these issues can be addressed. Conclusions: The function provided will allow anyone familiar with R to dead-reckon animal tracks readily and accurately, as the key complex issues are dealt with by Gundog.Tracks. This will help the community to consider and implement a valuable, but often overlooked method of reconstructing high-resolution animal movement paths across diverse species and systems without requiring a bespoke application.

Confocal laser scanning reflection microscopy applied to the remineralization studies in incipient caries lesions; Microscopía confocal de reflexión de barrido láser aplicada a los estudios de remineralización en lesiones de caries incipientes Tolcachir de Wexler, Betina Raquel; Mas, Carlos Ruben; Caselles, Juan Esteban; Mangeaud, Arnaldo Pedro; Gallará, Raquel Vivian To evaluate through roughness parameters measurement the penetration of calcium phosphate stabilized by casein phosphopeptides (CPP-ACP) in the subsurface zone of the incipient caries lesions known in dentistry as white spot lesion (WSL). To our knowledge,there is no data about roughness parameters to evaluate the demineralization-remineralization process in the body of the lesion. WSL was generated in vitro in 10 dental samples and sectioned in half of them (longitudinal section). CPP-ACP was applied on the WSL (3 minutes daily for 60 days). Roughness parameters (Rp and Ra) were measured on the longitudinal section with a laser scanning confocal microscope in the reflection acquisition mode (CLSRM), either in the WSL or sound enamel, before and after applying CPP-ACP. CLSRM is a non-contact method able to detect small irregularities more precisely due to the small spot of laser illumination (0.5 μm). Mixed linear models were carried out, using the treatment as a fixed factor and the tooth as a random factor (significance level 5%). Rp and Ra values in WSL area before applying the remineralization protocol (WSL pre) were significantly higher than in the sound enamel of the same samples. After applying CPP-ACP, Rp and Ra values decreased significantly with respect to the WSL pre and were similar to the values of these parameters in sound enamel. roughness parameters were used as an indirect way to measure the porosity of WSL at subsurface level. The decrease of these parameters could be interpreted as the remineralization of WSL by the ability of CPP-ACP to penetrate the body of the lesion.Clinical significance: WSL is characterized by the loss of minerals from the enamel and an increase in porosity at the subsurface level. The effectiveness of remineralizing substances would be determined by their ability to penetrate the body of the lesion and reduce porosity.; El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar mediante la medición de parámetros de rugosidad la penetración de fosfato cálcico estabilizado por fosfopéptidos de caseína (CPP-ACP) en la zona subsuperficial de las lesiones incipientes de caries, conocidas en odontología como lesión de mancha blanca (MB). Hasta donde sabemos, no existen datos sobre parámetros de rugosidad para evaluar el proceso de desmineralización-remineralización en el cuerpo de la lesión. La MB se generó in vitro en 10 muestras dentales, luego se seccionaron por la mitad de la MB (sección longitudinal). Se aplicó CPP-ACP en la MB (3 minutos diarios durante 60 días). Los parámetros de rugosidad (Rp y Ra) se midieron en la sección longitudinal con un microscopio confocal de barrido láser en el modo de adquisición de reflexión (CLSRM), tanto en la zona de MB como en el esmalte sano, antes y después de la aplicación de CPPACP. CLSRM es un método sin contacto capaz de detectar pequeñas irregularidades con mayor precisión debido al pequeño diámetro del haz del láser (0,5 μm). Se realizaron modelos lineales mixtos, utilizando el tratamiento como factor fijo y el diente como factor aleatorio (nivel de significancia 5%). Los valores de Rp y Ra en el área de MB antes de aplicar el protocolo de remineralización (MB pre) fueron significativamente más altos que en el esmalte sano de las mismas muestras. Después de aplicar CPP-ACP, los valores de Rp y Ra disminuyeron significativamente con respecto a MB pre y fueron similares a los valores de estos parámetros en el esmalte sano. Los parámetros de rugosidad se utilizaron como una forma indirecta de medir la porosidad de la MB a nivel del subsuperficial. La disminución de estos parámetros podría interpretarse como la remineralización de la MB por la capacidad de CPP-ACP de penetrar en el cuerpo de la lesión. Significancia clínica: La MB se caracteriza por la pérdida de minerales del esmalte y un aumento de la porosidad a nivel subsuperficial. La eficacia de las sustancias remineralizantes estaría determinada por su capacidad para penetrar en el cuerpo de la lesión y reducir la porosidad.

Burguesía industrial y estatizaciones de derecha: Los casos de SIAM Di Tella (1970) e INDUPA (1994); Industrial bourgeoisie and right-wing nationalizations: SIAM Di Tella (1970) and INDUPA (1994) Chaia de Bellis, Jonás Ariel El presente artículo compara la estatización paulatina de SIAM Di Tella, realizada por los gobiernos de la Revolución Argentina en 1970, y la estatización de INDUPA, realizada durante el gobierno de C. Menem en 1994, para intentar encontrar diferencias en los “salvatajes” de empresas realizados por gobiernos de “derecha” o “pro-empresariales”. Desde un enfoque de economía política comparada y siguiendo el método de rastreo de procesos para la construcción de teorías, la hipótesis de este artículo afirma que existen diferencias en los usos políticos asignados por los gobiernos de derecha a las empresas estatizadas. Estas diferencias dependen de la participación o de la ausencia de la burguesía industrial en las coaliciones de gobierno: si la burguesía industrial integra la coalición de gobierno e impone su propio patrón de reproducción, las empresas a) serán rigurosamente retenidas en el sector público y controladas políticamente por el Poder Ejecutivo, y b) serán utilizadas para proveer de economías externas a la burguesía en un mercado regulado para su propia protección, lo que se observa en el caso de SIAM Di Tella. Por el contrario, si la burguesía industrial no forma parte de la coalición, las empresas a) no serán retenidas sino rápidamente devueltas al mercado y b) serán utilizadas, paradójicamente, para desregular el mercado, lo que se observa en el caso de INDUPA.; This article compares the gradual nationalization of SIAM Di Tella, carried out by the Revolución Argentina governments between 1966 and 1973, and the INDUPA nationalization, carried out during the government of C. Menem in 1994, with the main goal of " nding the differences in the companies’ “rescue” run by “right-wing” or “pro-business” governments. With a comparative political economy approach and following the theory-building process tracing method, the hypothesis of this article af" rms that there are differences in the political uses assigned by right-wing governments to nationalized companies, and that these differences depend on the participation or the absence of industrial bourgeoisie in government coalitions: if the industrial bourgeoisie integrates the government coalition and imposes its own pattern of reproduction, the companies a) will be rigorously retained in the public sector under broad political control by Executive branch, and b) they will be used to provide external economies to the bourgeoisie in a regulated market designed for their own protection; this will be observed in SIAM Di Tella case. On the contrary, if the industrial bourgeoisie is not part of the coalition, companies a) will not be retained but rather quickly returned to market and b) they will be used, paradoxically, to deregulate markets; this will be observed in INDUPA case.

¿Sistema-Mundo o Sociedad Mundial?: Una comparación sistemática entre los análisis de Wallerstein y Luhmann; World-System or World Society?: A systematic comparison between Wallerstein’s and Luhmann’s analyses; Sistema-mundo ou sociedade mundial?: Uma comparação sistemática entre as análises de Wallerstein e Luhmann Gonnet, Juan Pablo Producto de las crisis de alcance global que se viene sucediendo en esta primera parte del siglo xxi, en el ámbito de la teoría sociológica se viene coincidiendo, cada vez más, en la necesidad de tomar como unidad de análisis al sistema social mundial. No obstante, pese a este creciente acuerdo, su indicación suele ser más bien imprecisa, y en ocasiones convive con presupuestos que no resultan del todo compatibles con ella. En esta dirección, en este escrito exploramos dos alternativas conceptuales que se encuentran disponibles para el abordaje de esta formación social de escala planetaria. Por un lado, la teoría del sistema-mundo de Immanuel Wallerstein y, por el otro, las elaboraciones de Niklas Luhmann acerca de la conformación de una sociedad mundial. Aquí reconstruimos cada una de estas propuestas, puntualizando sus divergencias, pero también sus convergencias, las cuales son significativas para la elaboración de un diagnóstico común en torno a la novedad histórica y evolutiva que representa el fenómeno señalado. Las dimensiones comparadas son: la definición de la unidad de análisis; su caracterización mundial; su modo de estructuración principal; y su comprensión de la desigualdad regional.; As a consequence of the global crisis that have been happening in the first part of 21st Century, in the field of sociological theory, there has been an increasing agreement on the need to take seriously the world social system as the main unit of social analysis. However, its indication is usually imprecise and sometimes coexists with assumptions that are not entire compatible with it. In this article, we explore two alternatives that are available to the conceptualization of this planetary social formation: Imannuel Wallerstein´s world-system theory and Niklas Luhmann´s world society approach. Here, we reconstruct each of these proposals, focusing on the divergences, but also in its convergences, which are relevant to the elaboration of a common diagnostic about the historical and evolutive novelty of the indicated phenomenon. The dimensions compared are: the definition of the unit of analysis; its worldwide characterization; its main structuring mode; and their understanding of regional inequality.; Produto das crises globais que se vão desencadeando nesta primeira parte do século xxi, no campo da teoria sociológica, cada vez mais se coincide na necessidade de tomar o sistema social mundial como unidade de análise. No entanto, apesar desse acordo crescente, sua indicação costuma ser bastante imprecisa e, às vezes, coexiste com premissas que não lhe são totalmente compatíveis. Nesse sentido, neste texto exploramos duas alternativas conceituais que estão disponíveis para a abordagem dessa formação social do escala planetária. De um lado, a teoria do sistema-mundo de Immanuel Wallerstein e, de outro, as elaborações de Niklas Luhmann sobre a conformação de uma sociedade mundial. Aqui reconstruímos cada uma dessas propostas, apontando suas divergências, mas também suas convergências, significativas para a elaboração de um diagnóstico comum em torno da novidade histórica e evolutiva que o fenômeno apontado representa. As dimensões comparados são: a definição da unidade de análise; seu caracterização mundial; seu principal modo de estruturação; e sua compreensão da desigualdade regional.

Enhancing recommender system with collaborative filtering and user experiences filtering Aciar, Silvana Vanesa; Fabregat, Ramón; Jové, Teodor; Aciar, Gabriela Recommender systems have become an essential part in many applications and websites to address the information overload problem. For example, people read opinions about recommended products before buying them. This action is time‐consuming due to the number of opinions available. It is necessary to provide recommender systems with methods that add information about the experiences of other users, along with the presentation of the recommended products. These methods should help users by filtering reviews and presenting the necessary answers to their ques-tions about recommended products. The contribution of this work is the description of a recom-mender system that recommends products using a collaborative filtering method, and which adds only relevant feedback from other users about recommended products. A prototype of a hotel rec-ommender system was implemented and validated with real users.