Learning experiences comprising central ethanol exposure in rat neonates: Impact upon respiratory plasticity and the activity of brain catalase Trujillo, Verónica; Macchione, Ana Fabiola; Albrecht, Paula Alejandra; Virgolini, Miriam Beatriz; Molina, Juan Carlos Fetal ethanol exposure represents a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome, and the respiratory effects of fetal ethanol exposure promote hypoxic ischemic consequences. This study analyzes central ethanol's effects upon breathing plasticity during an ontogenetic stage equivalent to the human third gestational trimester. Ethanol's unconditioned breathing effects and their intervention in learning processes were examined. Since central ethanol is primarily metabolized via the catalase system, we also examined the effects of early history with the drug upon this system. During postnatal days 3, 5, and 7 (PDs 3–7), pups were intracisternally administered with vehicle or ethanol (300 mg%). They were tested in a plethysmograph scented or not scented with ethanol odor. The state of intoxication attenuated the onset of apneas, a phenomenon that is suggestive of ethanol's anxiolytic effects given the state of arousal caused by the novel environment and the stress of ethanol administration. At PD9, pups were evaluated when sober under sequential air conditions (initial-normoxia, hypoxia, and recovery-normoxia), with or without the presence of ethanol odor. Initial apneic episodes increased when ethanol intoxication was previously associated with the odor. Pups then ingested ethanol, and brain catalase activity was determined. Pre-exposure to ethanol intoxication paired with the odor of the drug resulted in heightened enzymatic activity. Central ethanol exposure appears to exert antianxiety effects that attenuate apneic disruptions. However, during withdrawal, the cues associated with such effects elicit an opposite reaction. The activity of the catalase system was also dependent upon learning processes that involved the association of environmental stimuli and ethanol intoxication.

Biological, ecological, and distributional aspects of two native species of lucilia genus (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic interest in yungas environments of Argentina Acosta, Ximena Gisela del Milagro; Gonzalez Reyes, Andrea; Centeno, Néstor Daniel; Corronca, Jose Antonio This study determined the spatial and temporal dynamics of two native neotropical species flies of forensic interest, belonging to the Lucilia (Robineau-Desvoidy) genus. The study focused on their abundance and reproductive behaviors associated with different habitats and phenological parameters. In the Province of Salta, Argentina, monthly samplings were performed over 1 yr in urban, rural, and native habitats, at morning, mid-day, and afternoon periods, controlling the oviposition of captured specimens. Environmental variables were also assessed: cloudiness, precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, and tree cover. Lucilia purpurascens (Walker) appeared to be associated with native habitats, whereas Lucilia ochricornis (Wiedemann) was mainly associated with rural habitats, exhibiting distinct habitat preferences. Two ecotones were also identified: rural-urban and rural-native, suggesting rural habitats promoted habitable conditions at its margins. Both species were recorded at the end of winter to the middle of autumn, with an initial peak in early spring, and a second peak at late summer. These peaks were associated with the highest numbers of laid eggs. Lucilia purpurascens preferred high tree coverings, whereas L. ochricornis resisted areas with intermediate sun, suggesting limited sun exposure was important. The latter was also associated with daily flight activities; during the warm season, the densest catches occurred at morning and afternoon periods, whereas during the cold season, they occurred at mid-day. Climatic variables explained 77% of variability in terms of abundance and oviposition. Synergistic effects were observed between these variables, suggesting that these variables conditioned insect distribution and reproduction, and not just temperature per se.; Aquí, se analiza la dinámica espacial y temporal de dos especies de moscas nativas neotropicales de interés forense del género Lucilia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) considerando sus abundancias y comportamiento reproductivo, asociados a diferentes hábitats y parámetros fenológicos. Muestreos mensuales se realizaron en la Provincia de Salta durante un año en los hábitats Urbano, Rural y Nativo, durante la mañana, mediodía y tarde, controlando la oviposición de los especímenes capturados. Se consideraron como variables ambientales a la nubosidad, precipitación, humedad relativa, temperatura y cobertura arbórea. Lucilia purpurascens se asoció al hábitat Nativo y L. ochricornis principalmente al Rural, mostrando preferencias hacia ellos. Se detectaron dos ecotonos: Rural–Urbano y Rural–Nativo, sugiriendo que los márgenes del hábitat rural promueven condiciones óptimas. Ambas especies se registraron desde finales del invierno hasta mediados del otoño, con un primer pico en la primavera temprana y uno segundo en el verano tardío, asociado al mayor número de puestas. L. purpurascens prefirió altas coberturas arbóreas, mientras L. ochricornis resistió zonas con exposición solar intermedia, evidenciando que la protección a la exposición solar sería clave para su subsistencia. Esto se asocia a la actividad de vuelo diaria, ya que en la temporada cálida las mayores capturas ocurrieron en la mañana y tarde, mientras que al mediodía en la temporada fría. Las variables climáticas explicaron el 77% de la variabilidad en la abundancia y oviposición con un efecto sinérgico entre ellas, sugiriendo que ellas condicionan la distribución y reproducción de estos dípteros y no solo la temperatura per se.

A mudança climática e o impacto na produção de alimentos: alguns elementos de análise da realidade brasileira e argentina; El cambio climático y el impacto en la producción de alimentos: algunos elementos del análisis de la realidad brasileña y argentina Cenci, Daniel Rubens; Lorenzo, Cristian A. El tema central de este ensayo es sobre el Cambio Climático y su impacto en la agricultura y ganadería brasileña y argentina, especialmente en lo que respecta a la geopolítica del cambio climático y la producción de alimentos. Tomando como metodología de trabajo el análisis crítico de documentos y legislación que sustentan el modelo actual de desarrollo de la agricultura y ganadería, en monocultivos de gran escala, con el fin de comprender los alcances de la adopción de prácticas orientadas a la productividad de los procesos cuantitativos y el abandono de la dimensión cualitativa del modelo de desarrollo. El enfoque de la sostenibilidad emerge en el texto como principio rector del análisis y como objetivo a buscar y trabajar como resultado de prácticas que deben ser implementadas como condición sine qua non, para mitigar los impactos del cambio climático y los procesos de adaptación. Las posibles conclusiones apuntan a la necesidad de cambios en la racionalidad económica y la adopción de prácticas identificadas con la racionalidad ambiental, que se enfoquen en satisfacer las necesidades alimentarias de la región, comprometidas con el bienestar de las generaciones presentes y; O tema central do presente ensaio versa sobre a mudança climática e seu impacto na agricultura e pecuária brasileira e argentina, espe-cialmente no que respeita à geopolítica da mudança climática e a produção de alimentos. A metodologia de trabalho foi a análise crítica de documentos e legislações que dão o suporte ao atual modelo de desenvolvimento da agricultura e pecuária nos monocultivos de grande extensão, com o objetivo de compreender o alcance da adoção de práticas voltadas para a produtividade de quantitativos e o abandono da dimensão qualitativa do modelo de desenvolvimento. O enfoque da sustentabilidade emerge no texto como princípio norteador da análise e como objetivo a ser buscado e trabalhado como resultado de práticas que devem ser introduzidas como condição sine qua non para a mitigação dos impactos da mudança climática e processos de adaptação. As possíveis conclusões apontam para a necessidade de mudanças na racionalidade econômica e adoção de práticas identificadas com a racionalidade ambiental, que primem por atender às necessidades alimentares da região, comprometidas com o bem-estar das gerações presentes e futuras, promovendo sustentabilidade O tema central do presente ensaio versa sobre a Mudança Climática e seu impacto na agricultura e pecuária brasileira e argentina, especialmente no que respeita a geopolítica da mudança climática e a produção de alimentos. Tomando como metodologia de trabalho a análise crítica de documentos e legislações que dão o suporte ao atual modelo de desenvolvimento da agricultura e pecuária, nos monocultivos de grande extensão, com o objetivo de compreender o alcance da adoção de práticas voltadas para a produtividade de quantitativos e o abandono da dimensão qualitativa do modelo de desenvolvimento. O enfoque da sustentabilidade emerge no texto como princípio norteador da análise e como objetivo a ser buscado e trabalhado como resultado de práticas que devem ser implementadas como condição sine qua non, para a mitigação dos impactos da mudança climática e processos de adaptação. As possíveis conclusões apontam para a necessidade de mudanças na racionalidade econômica e adoção de práticas identificadas com a racionalidade ambiental, que primem por atender as necessidades alimentares da região, comprometidas com o bem estar das gerações presentes e futuras, promovendo sustentabilidade.

Aplicación del método Wudapt en la ciudad de Mendoza-Argentina para definir zonas climáticas locales; Application of the Wudapt method in the city of Mendoza-Argentina to define local climate zones Colli, María Florencia; Correa Cantaloube, Erica Norma; Martinez, Claudia Fernanda El trabajo aplica el modelo de Zonas Climáticas Locales en el Área Metropolitana de Mendoza -AMM- utilizando el método WUDAPT y realiza un análisis crítico de su factibilidad de implementación en función de las características de la ciudad. Como hipótesis, contar con una zonificación de las estructuras urbanas homologadas de acuerdo a su condición microclimática esel primer paso para efectivizar la implementación de distintas estrategias de mitigación de la isla de calor a escala ciudad. Las limitaciones del método WUDAPT (World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools) en el área de estudio se vinculan a dos factores: la definición de clases para la zonificación y la condición de homogeneidad necesaria para determinar las áreas de entrenamiento. Los resultados muestran, que la clasificación WUDAPT se estructura en clases puras, con imposibilidad de generar subclases. Las clases puras están definidas de acuerdo a la combinación de un conjunto de parámetros que no describen de manera acabada la condición de los perfiles urbanos del AMM en verano, donde el arbolado en alineación actúa como elemento morfológico estructurante. Esto implica la necesidad de generar subclases, afectando la relación entre Factor de Visión de Cielo, relación alto/ancho de canal vial, Factor de Ocupación de Suelo, superficie impermeable y altura promedio. Otra limitación, es el tamaño de las zonas de entrenamiento, que exige áreas homogéneas de 1 Km2, condición difícil de cumplir en el AMM. En este trabajo la herramienta con clases estándar ha sido adaptada para la apropiada caracterización de las zonas climáticas en ciudades con abundante forestación urbana, cuya tipología es creciente en América Latina. Se concluye que, superadas las limitaciones de la herramienta, las zonas climáticas identificadas dentro del área de análisis muestran correlación con el paisaje de los distintos sectores de la ciudad y homogeneidad térmica intraclase.; The work applies the Local Climate Zones model in the Mendoza Metropolitan Area (AMM in Spanish), using the WUDAPT method and makes a critical analysis of its implementation feasibility based on the characteristics of the city. As a hypothesis, having a zoning of homologated urban structures according to their microclimatic condition is the first step to make the implementation of different urban heat island mitigation strategies effective on a city scale. The limitations of the WUDAPT method (World Urban Database Access Portal Tools) in the study area are linked to two factors: the definition of classes for zoning and the necessary homogeneity condition to determine training areas. The results show that the WUDAPT classification is structured in pure classes, with the impossibility of generating subclasses. The pure classes are defined according to the combination of a set of parameters that do not fully describe the condition of the urban profiles of the AMM in summer. In this season, the trees in rows act as a morphological structuring element. This implies the need to generate subclasses, affecting the relationship between Sky View Factor, road channel height/width ratio, Land Occupancy Factor, impermeable surface and average height. Another limitation is the size of the training areas, which require homogeneous areas of 1 km2, a difficult condition to fulfill in the AMM. In this work, the tool with standard classes has been adapted for the appropriate characterization of climatic zones in cities with abundant urban forestation, whose typology is growing in Latin America. It is concluded that once limitations of the tool are overcome, the climatic zones identified within the analysis area show correlation with the landscape in different sectors of the city and intra-class thermal homogeneity.

Coronavirus en Argentina: Polarización partidaria, encuadres mediáticos y temor al riesgo; COVID-19 in Argentina: Party polarization, media frames, and risk aversion Aruguete, Natalia; Calvo, Ernesto ¿Cuánto inciden las preferencias políticas en las percepciones de riesgo sanitario y laboral? ¿Cuál es el efecto de distintos encuadres comunicacionales en la transmisión de estos mensajes políticos? En este artículo procuramos atender a ambas inquietudes mediante un experimento de tuits apareados en el cual variamos aleatoriamente distintos elementos de encuadre relativos a la respuesta sanitaria a la COVID-19 (autor del tuit, mensaje político, imágenes, aceptación y apoyo hacia el contenido por parte de los usuarios), con el objeto de identificar y medir la propensión a compartir determinadas narrativas. Los resultados muestran dos tipos de efectos. Por un lado, que los mensajes negativos y polarizantes disminuyen la tasa de propagación por parte de los encuestados que son expuestos al tuit, al activar identidades partidarias. Por otro lado, que su interpretación del riesgo y, por ende, sus respuestas a las preguntas relativas a la Covid-19 se alinean con el posicionamiento y las decisiones de política pública que asumen los partidos políticos por los que votan. El objetivo ulterior es comprender en qué medida determinados encuadres mediáticos activan identidades partidarias y cómo lograr que otro tipo de narrativas logren mejorar las condiciones de éxito de las políticas públicas que buscan incrementar la tasa de distanciamiento social ante la crisis de la Covid-19.; What is the effect of political preferences on perceived health and job risks? What is the effect of different media frames in the delivery of political messages? In this article, we answer to both questions using a conjoint experiment that randomly rotates frame elements of the health response to COVID-19 (author, political message, images, acceptance, and user support), to identify the likelihood that messages will be shared. Results show two distinct effects. First, messages that are negative and polarizing reduce the rate of propagation among users exposed to the treatment, activating partisan identities. Second, we show that perceptions of risk, and the responses in regards to COVID-19, align with the party positions and the public policy expressed by the users’ parties. The end goal of this article is to understand how distinct media frames activate partisan identities and achieve narratives that improve on the success of the public policies that ensure social distancing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Biomedicina-Tecnología-Sociedad y COVID-19: miradas críticas, esperanzas y Educación en Salud Dumrauf, Ana Gabriela; Garelli, Fernando Miguel El 2020 será un año que seguramente se recordará como el año de la pandemia de COVID-19, como el año de la cuarentena. Un año en el que las cosas no fueron como esperábamos, en el que debimos globalmente adaptarnos a vivir en un contexto nuevo, modificando parte de nuestra experiencia vital social. Desde nuestro punto de vista ha sido también el año de mayor despliegue histórico del Modelo Médico Hegemónico (Menéndez, 2005) y en el que las relaciones entre biomedicina, tecnología y sociedad han estado en primera plana de los medios masivos de comunicación y afectando nuestras sociedades y cuerpos como nunca antes. Vivimos aislamientos y distanciamientos sociales, cuarentenas más o menos restrictivas, idas y vueltas, reacciones, teorías conspirativas, diferentes regulaciones de nuestros cuerpos y de las formas de relacionarnos realizadas a escala planetaria frente a la amenaza de una enfermedad altamente contagiosa y con significativos niveles de morbi-mortalidad para ciertos grupos con los denominados factores de riesgo. En este contexto, desde un grupo de trabajo en Educación en Ciencias Naturales, Ambiental y en Salud, cuya praxis se centra en la Educación Popular Latinoamericana, entre las innumerables inquietudes y preguntas que surgen, orientamos nuestras reflexiones escritas en torno a: ¿Cómo se configura y distribuye el saber-poder sobre la salud en la actualidad? ¿Es posible construir alternativas? ¿Qué desafíos se presentan para la Educación en Salud?

Cross-ecosystem impacts of non-native ungulates on wetland communities Motta, Luciana Maria; Barrios Garcia Moar, Maria Noelia; Ballari, Sebastián A.; Rodriguez Cabal, Mariano Alberto Herbivory by non-native species can create strong direct and indirect effects on plant and arthropods communities that can potentially cross ecosystem boundaries. Yet, the cross-ecosystems impacts of non-native species are poorly understood. We took advantage of ongoing invasions by non-native ungulates in Patagonia, Argentina, to examine their cross-ecosystem impacts on water parameters, littoral vegetation and aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in wetlands. We found a gradient of invasion by non-native ungulates from intact (non-invaded) to highly invaded wetlands. These highly invaded wetlands had ~ 24% less vegetation cover, which was 72% shorter in height than vegetation in intact wetlands. As a result, the abundance of predatory macroinvertebrates such as Odonata (dragonflies) was reduced by ~ 90%; while Diptera were ~ 170% more abundant, and Oligochaeta were recorded mostly at invaded sites. In contrast, we did not find evidence that non-native ungulates altered water parameters. Understanding the indirect consequences of invasive non-native species is crucial for quantifying the real impacts of global change. Our results show strong cross-ecosystem impacts of non-native ungulates on macroinvertebrate wetland communities, highlighting the importance of indirect interactions beyond ecosystem boundaries.

Insensitivity in the pore size distribution of ultramicroporous carbon materials by CO2 adsorption Cornette, Valeria Cecilia; Villarroel Rocha, Jhonny; Sapag, Manuel Karim; Delgado Mons, Rodrigo Nahuel; Toso, Juan Pablo; López, Raúl Horacio Accurate quantification of ultramicropores is critical to optimizing and understanding the performance of carbon materials in many applications. The pore size distributions (PSD) were calculated from the CO2 adsorption isotherms by Non-local Density Functional Theory (NLDFT) and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations (GCMC). The PSDs obtained using a pseudo-spherical potential for CO2 interaction have the same qualitative behavior, reporting several peaks in the ultramicroporous region. These results contradict the hypothesis that highly disordered microporous carbon materials have a widely distributed PSD without sharp spikes. In this work, we investigate the insensitivity in the characterization of different microporous materials and the origin of the artificial gaps that arise in models with pseudo-spherical potential (NLDFT and GCMC). Furthermore, we study the characterization of these materials using Monte Carlo simulations, which incorporate the multi-site model potential achieving improved PSDs.

De civiles y soldados: comentario sobre the dead march: A history of the american-mexican war, de Peter Guardino, y la nueva historia social de la política; Of civilians and soldiers: Review of “The dead march: A history of the americanmexican war”, by Peter Guardino, and the new social history of politics Cucchi, Laura; Romero, Juan Manuel El ensayo crítico ofrece una presentación general de la estructura y los argumentos de la obra, en una primera sección, y luego, en las tres sucesivas, las diferentes perspectivas sobre las que se organiza: la nueva historia cultural de la guerra, los estudios subalternos y un enfoque comparativo. Por último, ensayamos algunos balances sobre su aporte a cada campo, pero también sobre el impacto que puede tener ese cruce de enfoques e historiografías en los estudios actuales sobre la era de la construcción nacional en Hispanoamérica.; This article is a critical essay on The Dead March… by Peter Guardino. It discusses the main arguments of the book and its connections to the historiographic agenda of Latin American studies. It argues that the book mainly articulates three approaches: first, the new social and cultural history of war; secondly, the social history “from below” or Subaltern Studies; and, finally, the approach of comparative history. Such combination of perspectives provides an attractive example of a social history of politics.

Glomalin contribution to soil organic carbon under different pasture managements in a saline soil environment Banegas, Natalia Romina; Dos Santos, Daniel Andrés; Guerrero Molina, María Fernanda; Albanesi de Garay, Ada Susana; Pedraza, Raúl Osvaldo The glomalin produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has beneficial effects on soils. We studied the vertical profile of glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) in pasturelands grown under saline soils and exposed to different management practices. Treatments included haying and grazing of Chloris gayana subject to either N-fertilization or not. We measured mycorrhizal colonization, spores, root biomass, total GRSP, GRSP-carbon (GRSP-C), organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN). In the meanwhile, we also developed a mathematical procedure to fit continuous power functions to binned soil data. Power decay functions adjusted excellently well the measured data across the 1-meter soil profile. Meaningful increases of root biomass, OC, TN, GRSP and GRSP-C values were associated with grazing and fertilization. Particularly, GRSP-C averaged 1,134 kg C ha−1 at the beginning experiments and increased significantly up to 1,261 kg C ha−1 in grazed and fertilized pastures at the end of the study period. Carbon accounted for between 17% and 50% of GRSP, representing in turn 0.52–1.62% of SOC stock. So, a tropical perennial grass can contribute to the carbon stock in saline soils by promoting production of GRSP. This contribution increases when inputs and cycling of nutrients are enhanced (grazing and N-fertilization).

Glyphosate commercial formulation negatively affects the reproductive success of solitary wild bees in a Pampean agroecosystem Graffigna, Sofia; Marrero, Hugo Javier; Torretta, Juan Pablo Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide and it could have negative effects on wild bees. We study the effect of glyphosate commercial formulation on the nesting behavior of wild solitary bees (Megachile spp.) and the survival of immature stages in a Pampean agroecosystem. In four plots without agricultural management located in an agricultural field, we placed 480 wooden trap-nests. The traps were sprayed with two different concentrations of glyphosate commercial formulation and only with water. The number of cells per nest was significantly lower in glyphosate treated traps compared with the water treatment. The probability of finding breeding cells was two times higher in nests without glyphosate commercial formulation compared with treated nests. Larvae completed their development and emerged as adults approximately four times more in nests without glyphosate commercial formulation, relative to those with glyphosate. Our results indicate that glyphosate commercial formulation could be conditioning the behavior of the nesting females and it is affecting their reproduction.

Self-assembled mesoporous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocrystals bearing thiol groups for separations technologies Segovia, Gustavo Manuel; Tuninetti, Jimena Soledad; Azzaroni, Omar; Rafti, Matias Colloidal suspensions of Zn-based ZIF-8 metal-organic framework (MOF) particles were synthesized (both micrometer μ-ZIF-8- and nanometer n-ZIF-8-sized, respectively). Postsynthetic modification was carried using 2-amino-ethanethiol (cysteamine or Cys), a thiol-bearing monodentate ligand, and particles obtained were employed for the assembly of films on gold-coated electrode surfaces. The results obtained show that, aside from conferring chemical affinity toward Au, when suitable molar ratios are employed, cysteamine modification causes partial coordinative chemical etching of inherently microporous ZIF-8 units, thus giving rise to additional mesoporosity. Cysteamine concentration and exposure time were found to act as control parameters ultimately determining the transport properties of porous films obtained, which can then feature, e.g., size-exclusion effects. The colloidal modification strategies like the one hereby described can be employed for the preparation of robust nano-organized MOF thin films with hierarchical porosity, which bear great potential for its application in separation technologies.

End-point estimates, extrapolation for multilinear Muckenhoupt classes, and applications Li, Kangwei; Martell, José María; Martikainen, Henri; Ombrosi, Sheldy Javier; Vuorinen, Emil In this paper we present the results announced in the recent work by the first, second, and fourth authors of the current paper concerning Rubio de Francia extrapolation for the so-called multilinear Muckenhoupt classes. Here we consider the situations where some of the exponents of the Lebesgue spaces appearing in the hypotheses and/or in the conclusion can be possibly infinity. The scheme we follow is similar, but, in doing so, we need to develop a one-variable end-point off-diagonal extrapolation result. This complements the corresponding ``finite'' case obtained by Duoandikoetxea, which was one of the main tools in the aforementioned paper. The second goal of this paper is to present some applications. For example, we obtain the full range of mixed-norm estimates for tensor products of bilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators with a proof based on extrapolation and on some estimates with weights in some mixed-norm classes. The same occurs with the multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators, the bilinear Hilbert transform, and the corresponding commutators with BMO functions. Extrapolation along with the already established weighted norm inequalities easily give scalar and vector-valued inequalities with multilinear weights and these include the end-point cases.

Skeleton in the closet: hidden diversity in patterns of cranial and postcranial ontogeny in Neotropical direct-developing frogs (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) Vera Candioti, María Florencia; Goldberg, Francisco Javier; Akmentins, Mauricio Sebastián; Nogueira Costa, Paulo; Goulart Taucce, Pedro Paulo; Perez Pombal Junior, José Direct development implies transformations with respect to the anuran biphasic life cycle, including changes in embryonic anatomy. In the clade Brachycephaloidea, skeletal ontogeny is known in Eleutherodactylus coqui of the basal family Eleutherodactylidae. In this work, we study it in four species representing the two other families in the group. We worked with developmental series of Oreobates barituensis, Haddadus binotatus, Ischnocnema henselii, and Brachycephalus ephippium. Specimens were prepared following protocols of clearing and staining and histology. In the cranium, results show an overall shared pattern that, as summarized for E. coqui, combines a partial recapitulation of aspects of the ancestral biphasic ontogeny with a profound remodeling that includes lost/novel structures and heterochronic shifts of developmental events. Among these transformations are the absence of suprarostrals and trabecular horns and the precocious ossification of jaw and suspensorium. In addition, each lineage shows particular features such that skull ontogeny varies interspecifically. In turn, the morphogenesis of the axial and appendicular skeleton is highly conserved, with main variations including the extent of ossification at hatching. Along with some external features such as the egg tooth and the enveloping tail with transversely arranged fins, an ossification sequence with extremely accelerated ossification of jaws and suspensorium could be distinctive of Brachycephaloidea.

Debates y reflexiones en torno a las políticas públicas locales de acceso al consumo: El caso de la Feria Franca de Villa María; Debates e reflexões sobre políticas públicas locais de acesso ao consumo: O caso da Feira Franca de Villa María; Debates and reflections on local public policies for access to consumption: The case of the Franca Fair of Villa María Gasparrini, Guido Raul; Suarez Fossaceca, Gabriel Alejandro La situación económica actual de la Argentina en este año 2020 es la síntesis de procesos que dependen de lógicas globales como así también dinámicas generadas por políticas de gobierno de encuadre nacional en el período 2015-2019. En este marco, estamos en presencia de un abanico de problemáticas que se expresan en desigualdades y asimetrías en el plano social, como así también en lo que respecta a lo económico. En este panorama, algunos gobiernos locales generaron respuestas adaptativas al contexto en que se encuentran, llevando a cabo distintas políticas orientadas a accionar sobre los mercados en beneficio de los consumidores y productores locales. Se trata de políticas públicas orientadas al consumo, que buscan interferir en las cadenas de valor, mejorando las condiciones de acceso a los productos, así como también la producción de los mismos. El propósito de este trabajo es introducir una serie de discusiones y efectuar reflexiones en torno a las políticas públicas a nivel local centradas en el consumo, tomando un caso concreto de análisis, la “Feria Franca de Villa María”. Se propone poner en común una serie de ejes de debate en torno a las políticas de consumo, que a nuestro entender adquieren relevancia a la hora de gestionar dichas políticas.; A situação econômica atual da Argentina neste ano de 2020 é a síntese de processos que dependem tanto da lógica global quanto da dinâmica gerada pelas políticas governamentais de âmbito nacional no período 2015-2019. Dentro dessa estrutura, estamos diante de uma série de problemas expressos em desigualdades e assimetrias na esfera social, bem como em questões econômicas. Nesse cenário, alguns governos locais geram respostas adaptativas ao contexto em que se encontram, realizando diferentes políticas que visam operar nos mercados em benefício dos consumidores e produtores locais. São políticas públicas voltadas para o consumidor que buscam interferir nas cadeias de valor, melhorando as condições de acesso aos produtos e sua produção. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma série de discussões e refletir sobre políticas públicas em nível local voltadas para o consumo, tomando um caso específico de análise, a "Feira Franca de Villa María". Propõe-se compartilhar uma série de eixos de debate sobre políticas de consumo, os quais, em nossa opinião, adquirem relevância ao gerenciar essas políticas.; The current economic situation of Argentina in this year 2020 is the synthesis of processes that depend on global logic as well as dynamics generated by government policies of a national framework in the 2015-2019 period. Within this framework, we are in the presence of a range of problems that are expressed in inequalities and asymmetries in the social sphere, as well as in economic matters. In this scenary, some local governments generate adaptive responses to the context in which they find themselves, carrying out different policies aimed at operating on the markets for the benefit of local consumers and producers. These are consumer-oriented public policies that seek to interfere with value chains, improving the conditions of access to products, as well as their production. The purpose of this work is to introduce a series of discussions and make reflections on public policies at the local level focused on consumption, taking a specific case of analysis, the "Feria Franca of Villa Maria”. It is proposed to share a series of axes of debate regarding consumer policies, which in our opinion acquire relevance when managing these policies.

Three new Luticola species from the Andean-Amazonian transition in Colombia: taxonomy, morphology and preliminary considerations of the biogeography of the genus Simonato, Julián; Kociolek, John P.; Sala, Silvia Estela; Plata Díaz, Yasmin; Núñez Avellaneda, Marcela Three new species of Luticola are described from lotic ecosystems in Andakí Municipal Natural Park, located in the Andean-Amazon region on the eastern flank of the eastern Andes mountain range in Colombia. Size and morphological features of the three new species, L. caquetensis Kociolek, Simonato & Núñez-Avellaneda sp. nov., L. andakiesiorum Simonato, Kociolek & Plata Díaz sp. nov., and L. sinchii Sala, Kociolek & Simonato sp. nov. are provided, based on light and scanning electron microscopical observations, and compared with similar congeners. Species of the genus are organized into groups depending upon whether they possess or lack marginal channels and/or pseudosepta. All the new species possess pseudosepta and L. caquetensis and L. andakiesiorum lack marginal channels. The two latter species share this combination of features with Luticola affinis Levkov et al., a species described from Brazil. These species thus form a unique group within the genus, offering additional evidence for the unique biodiversity found in this region.

Las formas históricas de la protección social: El pasaje de la hospitalidad a la asistencia social Krmpotic, Claudia Sandra Se exponen algunos rasgos básicos del proceso de conformación de una matriz socio-asistencial argentina que se estructura en la transición postcolonial y los albores del Estado liberal clásico, y se caracteriza por una protección social «sin Estado», identificando de este modo la emergencia de una razón de estado que se materializa como intervención indirecta. Se analiza el pasaje de la hospitalidad, hacia la institucionalización del modelo de beneficencia pública, hasta la novedad dada por la asistencia social, y sus proyecciones en el tiempo. Se privilegia una mirada de larga duración y descentralizada respecto del poder de Buenos Aires, a través de un estudio genealógico que atraviesa un sinnúmero de traducciones culturales, en torno de hechos históricos concebidos en su interpretación epistemológica y metodológica, es decir, como una construcción científica.; Some basic features of the process of forming a social assistance matrix in Argentina that is structured in the postcolonial transition and the early classical liberal state are exposed, and is characterized by social protection «stateless», thereby identifying the emergence of a reason of state that is embodied as indirect intervention. The passage of hospitality model towards the institutionalization of public charity is analyzed, until the novelty given by social assistance and its prospects in time. A glance of long-term and decentralized power respect of Buenos Aires is privileged, through a genealogical study that crosses countless cultural translations, around historical facts conceived in its epistemological and methodological interpretation, i.e. as a scientific construction.

Immunostimulation by Lactobacillus kefiri S-layer proteins with distinct glycosylation patterns requires different lectin partners Malamud, Mariano; Cavallero, Gustavo Javier; Casabuono, Adriana Cristina; Lepenies, Bernd; Serradell, María de los Ángeles; Couto, Alicia Susana S-layer (glyco)-proteins (SLPs) form a nanostructured envelope that covers the surface of different prokaryotes and show immunomodulatory activity. Previously, we have demonstrated that the S-layer glycoprotein from probiotic Lactobacillus kefiri CIDCA 8348 (SLP-8348) is recognized by Mincle (macrophage inducible C-type lectin receptor) and its adjuvanticity depends on the integrity of its glycans. However, the glycan´s structure has not been described so far. Herein, we analyze the glycosylation pattern of three SLPs, SLP-8348, SLP-8321, and SLP-5818, and explore how these patterns impacts their recognition by Ctype lectin receptors (CLRs) and the immunomodulatory effect of the L. kefiri SLPs on antigen-presenting cells. HPAEC-PAD performed after β-elimination showed glucose as the major component in the O-glycans of the three SLPs, however, some differences in the length of hexose chains were observed. No N-glycosylation signals were detected in SLP-8348 and SLP-8321, but SLP5818 was observed to have two sites carrying complex N-glycans based on a site-specific analysis and a glycomic workflow of the permethylated glycans. SLP-8348 was previously shown to enhance LPS-induced activation on both RAW264.7 macrophages and murine BMDCs; we now show SLP-8321 and SLP-5818 have a similar effect regardless of the differences in their glycosylation patterns. Studies performed with BMDCs from CLR-deficient mice revealed that the immunostimulatory activity of SLP-8321 depends on its recognition by Mincle, whereas SLP-5818’s effects are dependent on SignR3 (murine ortholog of human DC-SIGN). These findings encourage further investigation of both the potential application of these SLPs as new adjuvants and the protein glycosylation mechanisms in these bacteria.

The Fuegian thrust-fold belt: From arc-continent collision to thrust-related deformation in the southernmost Andes Torres Carbonell, Pablo Juan; Cao, Sebastián José; Gonzalez Guillot, Mauricio Alberto; Mosqueira González, María Victoria; Dimieri, Luis Vicente; Duval, Florian; Scaillet, Stéphane New detailed structural data from the Fuegian Andes including new ages and cross-cutting relationships with intrusive rocks, as well as an appraisal of published structural data, support that this orogen evolved as a basement-involved thrust-fold belt after initial formation in an arc-continent collision scenario. New structural data from a deformed 84 Ma intrusive indicate that structures from the collisional event in the Argentine Fuegian Andes are of Campanian age, comprising only the youngest and less intense deformation of the orogenic wedge. In the internal thrust-fold belt, these structures are cut by intrusives with new ages of 74 Ma (Ar/Ar on hornblende). The superposition of thrusts on these early structures indicates a subsequent event in which a thrust-fold belt formed since the Maastrichtian-Danian. Additional new data confirm brittle-ductile thrusting in the central belt, with thrusts joining a common upper detachment in the base of the Lower Cretaceous rocks. These thrusts formed a first-order duplex system that transferred the shortening accommodated in the foreland until the Miocene.

La construcción de masculinidades en los internados del Colegio Nacional de La Plata (1910-1920); The construction of masculinities in the boarding schools of the National School of La Plata (Argentina, 1910-1920); A construção das masculinidades nos internatos do Colégio Nacional de La Plata (Argentina, 1910-1920) Kopelovich, Pablo Analizamos la construcción de masculinidades en los internados del Colegio Nacional de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) entre los años 1910, momento de su materialización y 1920, fecha de su disolución. Nos interesa indagar en las construcciones discursivas de los directivos de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata y de los encargados de los internados, que indican formas correctas e incorrectas de ser o transformarse en hombre, en una experiencia pedagógica novedosa para la época. Desde una metodología cualitativa, se propone el estudio de un caso, que resulta interesante en sí mismo. Encontramos que, en un espacio homosocial, se fomenta la formación de la responsabilidad y del carácter, en el afán de producir hombres fuertes y sanos. De este modo, se hace hincapié en una educación moral, ligada a la educación de las emociones y las sensibilidades, transmitiendo valores de clase como el honor y la caballerosidad.; We analyze the construction of masculinities in the boarding schools of the Colegio Nacional of Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentine) between 1910, the moment of its materialization, and 1920, the date of its dissolution. We are interested in investigating the discursive constructions of the directors of the National University of La Plata and those in charge of the boarding schools, which indicate correct and incorrect ways of being or becoming a man, in a new pedagogical experience for the time. From a qualitative methodology, the study of a case is proposed, which is interesting in itself. We find that, in a homosocial space, the formation of responsibility and character is fostered, in an effort to produce strong and healthy men. In this way, emphasis is placed on a moral education, linked to the education of emotions and sensibilities, transmitting class values such as honor and chivalry.; Analisamos a construção das masculinidades nos internatos do Colégio Nacional da Universidade Nacional de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) entre os anos 1910, momento de sua materialização, e 1920, data de sua dissolução. Interessa-nos investigar as construções discursivas dos diretores da Universidade Nacional de La Plata e dos responsáveis dos internatos, que indicam modos corretos e incorretos de ser ou de tornar-se homem, em uma nova experiência pedagógica para a época. A partir de uma metodologia qualitativa, propõe-se o estudo de um caso, o que por si só é interessante. Verificamos que, em um espaço homossocial, fomenta-se a formação de responsabilidade e caráter, no esforço de formar homens fortes e saudáveis. Desta forma, a ênfase é colocada na educação moral, ligada à educação das emoções e sensibilidades, transmitindo valores de classe como a honra e o cavalheirismo.