16S rRNA gene diversity in ancient gray and pink salt from san simón salt mines in Tarija, Bolivia Pecher, Wolf T.; Martínez, Fabiana Lilian; DasSarma, Priya; Guzmán, Daniel; DasSarma, Shiladitya DNA from 250 million-year-old pink and gray salts from mines in Tarija, Bolivia, subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and analysis provided evidence for similar but distinct prokaryotic communities. The results constitute a snapshot of archaeal and bacterial microorganisms in these remote and ancient salt deposits.

Exposure of raptors in central Argentina to St. Louis encephalitis and West Nile viruses Mansilla, Ana Paula; Solaro, Claudina; Orozco Valor, Paula Maiten; Grande, Juan Manuel; Sarasola, José Hernán; Diaz, Luis Adrian Arthropod-borne viruses are the most important emerging viruses worldwide. Saint Louis encephalitis (SLEV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses are vectored by Culex mosquitoes and amplified by several bird species. We carried out an extensive retrospective serosurvey study to analyze the exposure of free ranging birds of prey to SLEV and WNV in central Argentina. A total of 523 plasma samples were analyzed by Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) for both viruses. Samples belonging to eight raptor species were collected from 2008 to 2015. Of the individuals tested for WNV, 81.5% of the Swainson´s Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) were positive. In the other hand, 20.8% of the Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus), 25% of the Southern Caracaras (Caracara plancus) and only 0.3% of the American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) had detectable neutralizing antibodies against SLEV. Only one Swainson´s Hawk was positive for both viruses (3.7%). No neutralizing antibodies were found in samples from Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura), Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango), Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) and Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum). Our results confirm SLEV and WNV circulation in resident and migratory populations of raptors in central Argentina, despite the fact that seroprevalence was variable among species. These findings suggest the need of further studies regarding circulation and ecological characterization of these viruses in bird communities in Argentina.

Genetic variation in root development responses to salt stresses of quinoa Nguyen, Loc Van; Bertero, Hector Daniel; Nguyen, Long Viet Soil salinity has become a serious environmental abiotic stress limiting crop productivity and quality. The root system is the first organ sensing the changes in salinity. Root development under elevated salinity is therefore an important indicator for saline tolerance in plants. Previous studies focused on varietal differences in morphological traits of quinoa under saline stresses; however, variation in root development responses to salinity remains largely unknown. To understand the genetic variation in root development responses to salt stress of quinoa, we conducted a preliminary screening for salinity response at two salinity levels of a diverse set of 52 quinoa genotypes and microsatellite markers were used to link molecular variation to that in root development responses to salt stresses of represented genotypes. The frequency distribution of saline tolerance index showed continuous variation in the quinoa collection. Cluster analysis of salinity responses divided the 52 quinoa genotypes into six major groups. Based on these results, six genotypes representative of groups I to VI including Black quinoa, 2-Want, Atlas, Riobamba, NL-6 and Sayaña, respectively, were selected to evaluate root development under four saline stress levels: 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. Contrasts in root development responses to saline stress levels were observed in the six genotypes. At 100 mM NaCl, significant differences were not observed in root length development (RLD) and root surface development (RSAD) of most genotypes except Black quinoa; a significant reduction was observed in this genotype as compared to controls. At 200 mM NaCl, significant reduction was detected in RLD and RSAD in all genotypes showing this as the best concentration to discriminate among genotypes. The strongest inhibition of root development was found for all genotypes at 300 mM NaCl as compared to lower saline levels. Among genotypes, Atlas of group III shows as a saline-tolerant genotype confirming previous reports. Variation in root responses to salinity stresses is also discussed in relation to climate conditions of origins of the genotypes and reveal interesting guidelines for further studies exploring the mechanisms behind this aspect of saline adaptation.

A search for the Zγ decay mode of the Higgs boson in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector Alonso, Francisco; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abbott, D. C.; Abed Abud, A.; Abeling, K.; Abhayasinghe, D. K.; Abidi, S. H.; AbouZeid, O.S.; Abraham, N. L.; Abramowicz, H.; Abreu, H.; Abulaiti, Y.; Acharya, B. S.; Achkar, B.; Adam, L.; Adam Bourdarios, C.; Adamczyk, L.; Adamek, L.; Adelman, J.; Adersberger, M.; Adiguzel, A.; Adorni, S.; Adye, T.; Affolder, A. A.; Afik, Y.; Agapopoulou, C.; Agaras, M. N.; Aggarwal, A.; Agheorghiesei, C. A search for the Zγ decay of the Higgs boson, with Z boson decays into pairs of electrons or muons is presented. The analysis uses proton?proton collision data at s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed data are consistent with the expected background with a p-value of 1.3%. An upper limit at 95% confidence level on the production cross-section times the branching ratio for pp→H→Zγ is set at 3.6 times the Standard Model prediction while 2.6 times is expected in the presence of the Standard Model Higgs boson. The best-fit value for the signal yield normalised to the Standard Model prediction is 2.0−0.9+1.0 where the statistical component of the uncertainty is dominant.

Functional hybrid nanoemulsions for sumatriptan intranasal delivery Ribeiro, Lígia N. M.; Rodrigues da Silva, Gustavo H.; Couto, Verônica M.; Castro, Simone R.; Breitkreitz, Márcia C.; Martinez, Carolina Soledad; Igartúa, Daniela; Prieto, Maria Jimena; de Paula, Eneida In recent years, advanced nanohybrid materials processed as pharmaceuticals have proved to be very advantageous. Triptans, such as the commercially available intranasal sumatriptan (SMT), are drugs employed in the treatment of painful migraine symptoms. However, SMT effectiveness by the intranasal route is limited by its high hydrophilicity and poor mucoadhesion. Therefore, we designed hybrid nanoemulsions (NE) composed of copaiba oil as the organic component plus biopolymers (xanthan, pectin, alginate) solubilized in the continuous aqueous phase, aiming at the intranasal release of SMT (2% w/v). Firstly, drug-biopolymer complexes were optimized in order to decrease the hydrophilicity of SMT. The resultant complexes were further encapsulated in copaiba oil-based nanoparticles, forming NE formulations. Characterization by FTIR-ATR, DSC, and TEM techniques exposed details of the molecular arrangement of the hybrid systems. Long-term stability of the hybrid NE at 25°C was confirmed over a year, regarding size (~ 120 nm), polydispersity (~ 0.2), zeta potential (~ −25 mV), and nanoparticle concentration (~ 2.1014 particles/mL). SMT encapsulation efficiency in the formulations ranged between 41–69%, extending the in vitro release time of SMT from 5 h (free drug) to more than 24 h. The alginate-based NE was selected as the most desirable system and its in vivo nanotoxicity was evaluated in a zebrafish model. Hybrid NE treatment did not affect spontaneous movement or induce morphological changes in zebrafish larvae, and there was no evidence of mortality or cardiotoxicity after 48 h of treatment. With these results, we propose alginate-based nanoemulsions as a potential treatment for migraine pain.

Heteromorphosis associated to host-exploitation in an atypical parasitoid, Mallophora ruficauda (Diptera: Asilidae) Fabiano, Sofía; Castelo, Marcela Karina In this work, we provide morphological illustration and descriptions of the immature stages of the ectoparasitoid robber fly Mallophora ruficauda. Additionally, we studied the ecological aspects of its life cycle through the correlation between the morphology and function performed in each phase of the consumption of their host, the white grub Cyclocephala signaticollis. For the morphological description and quantification of length and width of the egg and larval instars I–II, images were used through optical and scanning electron microscopy. Individuals from larval instars III–V were weighed and measured with digital calibre directly. Finally, images were taken of the cephalic structures of the larval instars and through the use of image processing software we measured in each instar the size of cephalic structures. In addition, the changes in the width of cephalic capsule and the relative size of the maxillary palps and labrum with respect to the width of cephalic capsule were studied for each larval instar through GLMs, to relate the morphology of the cephalic structures with the function they perform. We found that the cephalic structures of the larva undergo changes when moulting to the next instar, according to their relationship with the host, matching with the stage of development where the processes of orientation to the host and attachment to its cuticle take place. These observations reveal, for the first time in a parasitoid asilid larva, the correlation between cephalic morphology and ecological function during the parasitism process and host use.

The ghost of climatic change in the geographic distribution of Tillandsia aeranthos (Bromeliaceae) Guerrero, Elián Leandro The geographic distribution of Tillandsia aeranthos is updated with new records. Its southern limit is extended 200 kilometers in a zone previously studied by many botanists and naturalists, and also in poorly-explored areas. For this reason, the possibility that the change in distribution is recent is postulated and discussed. The coincidence of this change with the southward shift in the isohyets and the decrease of winter frost frequency are highlighted as a possible cause of the advance to the south. In addition, two petal color variants of this species are first mentioned for Argentina. The new findings display that it is necessary to further explore some dry forests of eastern Buenos Aires and study the possible consequences of the climatic change in the biota of South America.; Se actualiza la distribución geográfica de Tillandsia aeranthos con nuevos registros. Su límite austral se extiende 200 kilómetros en una zona previamente estudiada por numerosos botánicos y naturalistas, pero también en áreas poco exploradas. Por esta razón, se postula y discute la posibilidad de que el cambio en la distribución sea reciente. Se remarca la coincidencia entre este cambio con el corrimiento de las isohietas y el descenso en la frecuencia de heladas invernales como una posible causa del avance hacia el sur. Adicionalmente, dos variantes de color de flor de esta especie son mencionadas por primera vez para Argentina. Los nuevos hallazgos muestran que es necesario explorar con más énfasis algunos bosques secos del este de Buenos Aires y estudiar las posibles consecuencias del cambio climático en la biota de Sudamérica.

Los lugares de la música: Prácticas, agentes y redes en los conservatorios privados de Bahía Blanca durante la primera mitad del siglo XX; Music places: Practices, agents, and networks in the private conservatories of bahía blanca during the first half of the twentieth century Caubet, María Noelia El cultivo de la música, especialmente de las expresiones académicas, se correspondía con los ideales civilizatorios sostenidos por las elites argentinas. Tal como sucedía en otras ciudades, en Bahía Blanca la enseñanza del arte musical estaba en manos privadas. El presente artículo se centra en el funcionamiento de los conservatorios bahienses hacia mediados del siglo XX e indaga en las prácticas y representaciones de los agentes que los conformaron. Regidos por lógicas particulares que quedaban al margen de la regulación estatal, estas instituciones constituían espacios de inserción laboral que, a su vez, coadyuvaban a la formación específica de los músicos cuando el Estado aún no había constituido establecimientos permanentes para su enseñanza en la ciudad. Además de dinamizar el campo cultural de Bahía Blanca, los establecimientos favorecían la configuración de circuitos de sociabilidad que, si bien tenían como objeto la música, propiciaban la creación de redes y activaban mecanismos de distinción socio-cultural.; The culture of music, especially in academic circles, was consistent with civilizing ideals upheld by Argentinian elites. As was the case in other cities, the teaching of musical art in Bahía Blanca was in private hands. This article focuses on the performance of these conservatories from the 1920s to 1957, when the official Conservatory of Music and Performing Arts was created and explores the practices and representations of the agents that participated in them. Governed by a particular rationale that was not encompassed by state regulation, these conservatories were employment spaces that, in turn, contributed to the specific training of musicians when the state had not yet established permanent institutions for the learning and teaching of music. Apart from enriching the culture of Bahía Blanca, these conservatories represented social interaction spaces which, though music-oriented, favored networking and triggered mechanisms of socio-cultural distinction.

Reproductive compensation in female Palaemonetes argentinus (Decapoda: Natantia) due to Microphallus szidati (Trematoda) infection Parietti, Manuela; Merlo, Matias Javier; Natal, Marcela Liliana; Mendez Casariego, Maria Agustina Parasites may affect host demographic characteristics because they can directly or indirectly cause the death of their hosts and/or influence their reproduction. Parasitism is therefore recognized as a factor that influences the composition and structure of populations and communities. One of these behaviours is the compensatory response: the host can compensate for the parasite losses effect, modifying the reproductive effort to enhance fitness. Ovigerus female Palaemonetes argentinus was collected and sorted into two groups according to the degree of development of their embryos: newly spawned embryos and embryos ready to hatch. The number of embryos and their dry weight for each female were determined. All parts of the female body were checked for parasites. The females of P. argentinus were parasitized by Microphalus szidati. We found that parasitized females produce more embryos but had more egg loss during development and the percentage of embryonic loss was higher in the parasitized females than in non-parasitized. Parasitized females produced lighter eggs than those from uninfected females. This supports the compensatory reproduction hypothesis suggested for this species. Parasitism can change life history traits in a way that fecundity can be compensated; this co-evolution between host and parasites will be population or context dependent. Parasites are a functional part of any ecosystem and as our results show, deleting parasites in life history traits and reproduction studies in free living organisms could lead to an incomplete picture of the true processes that happen in nature.

Laureles (Teatro Rambla, La Plata, 1983): texto, proceso creativo e investigación territorializada; Laureles (Teatro Rambla, La Plata, 1983): Text, Creative Process and Territorialized Investigation Dubatti, Ricardo Adrián En 1983, a poco más de un año de finalizada la Guerra de Malvinas, y aún no concluido el gobierno de facto del Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (1976-1983), el grupo independiente Teatro Rambla (La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires) estrenó Laureles, pieza de un valor excepcional para la historia de las representaciones del conflicto bélico en el teatro argentino. Se trata de una de las primeras representaciones explícitas de la Guerra de Malvinas en la escena nacional, al mismo tiempo, fundacional y anticipatoria. En el presente artículo focalizaremos en la condición posescénica y heteroestructurada de su texto dramático, resultado de un complejo proceso de composición del antes, durante y después de los ensayos, así como de una investigación territorializada en La Plata sobre la Guerra de Malvinas.; In 1983, more than a year after the end of the Malvinas War, and but still in the context of the de facto government of the National Reorganization Process (1976-1983), the independent group Teatro Rambla (La Plata, Province of Buenos Aires) premiered Laureles, a piece of exceptional value for the history of representations of the war in the Argentine theater. It is one of the first explicit representations of the Malvinas War on the national scene, at the same time foundational and anticipatory. In this article we will focus on the post-scenic and heterostructured condition of this dramatic text, the result of a complex composition process before, during and after the rehearsals, as well as a territorialized investigation in La Plata on the Malvinas War.

Las derechas nacionalistas frente al peronismo; Nationalist right-wing groups positions in relation to Peronism Lvovich, Abraham Daniel En este artículo analizamos el desarrollo histórico de la tradición política y cultural del nacionalismo de derecha en la Argentina, desde sus orígenes en la década de 1920 hasta el encuentro con determinadas expresiones del peronismo en la segunda mitad del siglo xx. Postulamos que la fusión entre ambas tradiciones, en las décadas de 1960 y 1970, dio lugar a una nueva configuración política e ideológica, la del peronismo de derecha –una nominación empleada por analistas y miembros de otras formaciones políticas–, que devolverá a los grupos antiliberales, autoritarios, antisemitas, antiizquierdistas y corporativistas la potestad de tomar la palabra en nombre del pueblo, retomando los tópicos propios de la tradición populista del nacionalismo de derecha que contrastó con las expresiones más tradicionalistas y antimodernistas de esa corriente a lo largo del siglo xx.; In this article we analyze the historical development of the political and cultural tradition of nationalism of Rightin Argentina, from its origins in the 1920s, to de the meeting with certain expressions of Peronism in the second half of the 20th century. We postulate that the merger between the two traditions, in the 1960s and 1970s, gives rise to a new political and ideological configuration, right-wing Peronism - a nomination employed by analysts and members of other political formations- that will return to anti-liberals, authoritarians, anti-semites, anti-leftists and corporatists gropus the power to speak on behalf of the people, taking up the themes of the populist tradition of nationalism that contrasts with the most traditional and anti-modern expressions of this trend throughout the 20th century.

Las TIC en la intersección áulica: desafíos y tensiones de la alfabetización digital en la escuela media; ICT in the Classroom Intersection: Challenges and Tensions in Digital Literacy in High Schools Linne, Joaquín Walter Este artículo indaga tensiones en torno a la alfabetización digital en la escuela media en Argentina. A nivel metodológico, se realizaron 20 entrevistas en profundidad: 15 a docentes y 5 a directivos que trabajan en escuelas del país, mayormente del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. También se llevaron a cabo observaciones presenciales en 6 escuelas y observaciones virtuales en foros en los que se discuten estas problemáticas. En los resultados se evidencia que las netbooks entregadas por el Estado entre 2010 y 2015 contribuyeron a la alfabetización digital de millones de estudiantes, en particular en sectores populares. Asimismo, se vislumbra que el proyecto del “aula digital móvil” (iniciado en 2015) tiene aceptación por parte de la mayoría de directivos y docentes, aunque adviertan sobre la escasez de conectividad, presupuesto y capacitación. Por último, se observa que el teléfono móvil, principal dispositivo utilizado, se presenta de manera ambivalente respecto a su potencial áulico.; This article explores the tensions surrounding digital literacy in high schools in Argentina. The methodology employed consisted in 20 in-depth interviews: 15 with teachers and 5 with members of administrative staff in schools across the country, mostly in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. In addition, in-person observation was conducted in 6 schools, together with virtual observation in discussion forums dealing with these issues. The results show that the netbooks provided by the state between 2010 and 2015 have helped boost the digital literacy skills of millions of students, particularly in less affluent sectors. Furthermore, the study suggests that the “mobile digital classroom” project (launched in 2015) has been largely welcomed by teaching and administrative staff, although they warn of a lack of connectivity, funding and training. Lastly, it was found that cellular phones – the main device used – evoked mixed feelings with regard to their potential in the classroom.

Intersubjetividad e individuación en Husserl y Habermas: de la necesidad de un cambio de paradigma a la complementación; Intersubjectivity and individuation in Husserl and Habermas: of the need of a paradigm shift to complementation Mendl, Sebastián Eduardo El presente trabajo reconstruye, desde una perspectiva crítica, las objeciones de Habermas desarrolladas en la Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa y sus escritos complementarios, a la teoría de la intersubjetividad husserliana. Para el autor, la construcción de una teoría de la sociedad exige un cambio de paradigma desde la filosofía de la conciencia a la filosofía del lenguaje, con el consecuente abandono de las referencias a todo punto de partida solipsista. Precisamente, desde la perspectiva habermasiana, el problema del origen de la autoconciencia encuentra su solución al referirse a la actividad social en la que el sujeto está implicado. La indivi-duación del sujeto se constituye en el nivel de la intersubjetividad lingüística: el contexto de interacción precede a la aparición de perspectivas individuales respecto de las experiencias. Ahora bien, la presente investigación devela que la teoría de Habermas falla en demostrar que la autopercatación del sujeto es generada enteramente por las relaciones sociales. En efecto, no es posible eludir el sentido primario de la identidad que Husserl ha designado como el polo de acción y afección. Las aporías de la teoría habermasiana muestran la necesidad de reestablecer un diálogo con la fenomenología trascendental, que no parta de un cambio de paradigma, un abandono de la filosofía de la conciencia, sino de la posibilidad de un enriquecimiento recíproco entre ambas propuestas teóricas. En conclusión, una filosofía del sujeto constituye una condición necesaria para elucidar la intersubjetividad y la institución del mundo de la vida social.; This article reconstructs, from a critical perspective, Habermas’ objections developed in the Theory of Communicative Action and its complementary writings, to Husserlian theory of intersubjectivity. For the author, the construction of a theory of society requires a paradigm shift from the philosophy of consciousness to the philosophy of language, with the subsequent abandonment of references to all solipsist starting points. Precisely, from the Habermasian perspective, the problem of the origin of self-consciousness finds its solution by referring to the social activity in which the subject is involved. The individuation of the subject is formed at the level of linguistic intersubjectivity: the context of interaction precedes the emergence of individual perspectives about experiences. The current investigation exposes that Habermas’ theory fails to show that self-perception of the subject is entirely generated by social relations. In fact, it is not possible to avoid the primary sense of identity that Husserl has designated as the pole of action and affection. The aporias of the Habermasian theory show the need to reestablish a dialogue with transcendental phenomenology, which does not start from a paradigm shift, an abandonment of the philosophy of consciousness, but from the possibility of a mutual enrichment between both theoretical proposals. In conclusion, a philosophy of the subject constitutes a necessary condition to elucidate the intersubjectivity and the institution of the social life-world.

Intermedialidad: interrupción creativa disidente de la sexopolítica hegemónica en as prácticas artísticas de Effy Beth y Diego Casado Rubio; Intermediality: dissident creative interruption of the hegemonic sexual politics in the artistic practices of Effy Beth and Diego Casado Rubio Lozano, Ezequiel El artículo reflexiona sobre la presencia de las relaciones intermediales en el teatro y la performance, a partir de casos de la escena artística argentina reciente. Éstos coinciden en proponer a la intermedialidad como una interrupción creativa disidente de las políticas sexuales hegemónicas. Se trata de: dos proyectos artísticos de Effy Beth del año 2012 (Pequeña Elizabeth Mati (Little Mermaid doblado al castellano) y Effy Ofrece Sexo Oral) y de una puesta en escena del año 2017 escrita y dirigida por Diego Casado Rubio (Millones de segundos).; This article reflects on the presence of intermediality relationships in theater and performance, based on cases from the recent Argentine art scene. These coincide in proposing intermediality as a dissident creative interruption of hegemonic sexual policies. This is: two 2012s artistic projects of Effy Beth (Pequeña Elizabeth Mati (Little Mermaid doblado al castellano) and Effy Ofrece Sexo Oral) and a staging written and directed by Diego Casado Rubio, Millones de segundos, released in 2017.

Del suicidio al homicidio: una revisión narrativa de la bibliografía sobre mortalidad por “causas externas” en Argentina; Do suicídio ao homicídio: uma revisão narrativa da bibliografia sobre mortalidade por “causas externas” na Argentina; From suicide to homicide: a literature review of mortality owing to “external causes” in Argentina Di Marco, Martín Hernán; Sy, Anahi Introducción: el artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica de los artículos científicos sobre muertes violentas en Argentina, publicados entre 2001 y 2016, con el objetivo de describir temas, áreas de conocimiento, disciplinas y metodologías; también indaga en qué medida la producción académica capta, interpreta y/o instala las violencias como problema sanitario. Materiales y métodos: se relevaron artículos en soporte digital publicados en revistas indizadas en bvs, PubMed, Redalyc, SciELO y Scopus. El corpus final incluyó 72 artículos. Se desarrolló un análisis cuanticualitativo siguiendo la síntesis interpretativa crítica. Resultados: se encontró que la bibliografía: a) aborda la violencia física; b) se enmarca dentro de las ciencias médicas; c) tiene objetivos descriptivos; d) se caracteriza por tener alcances geográficos nacionales e institucionales; e) parte de datos primarios para el abordaje empírico, y f) emplea mayoritariamente metodologías de análisis cuantitativas. La mayoría de los artículos aborda el suicidio, y en los estudios sobre homicidio aparece un área de vacancia desde la perspectiva de los homicidas. Si bien estos aspectos describen estructuralmente esta bibliografía, se encontraron núcleos temáticos con características diferentes. Es escaso el uso de estadísticas nacionales para dar cuenta de la relevancia epidemiológica de “las violencias”. Conclusión: la recurrencia de definiciones y taxonomías de organismos internacionales (principalmente, la Organización Mundial de la Salud) sobre salud y violencia da cuenta de su posición discursiva dominante. Se plantea la necesidad de realizar otros estudios de este tipo, en diferentes países de la región, a fin de tematizar y problematizar la producción académica sobre muertes violentas.; Introduction: This literature review collected scientific papers about violent deaths in Argentina, published between 2001 and 2016. The objectives are to describe the topics, fields of knowledge, disciplines, and methodologies of the papers and analyze the extent in which the academic production captures, interprets, and/or establishes violence as a public health problem. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 digital-format papers from scientific journal indexed in bvs, PubMed, Redalyc, SciELO, and Scopus were collected. A quantitative and qualitative strategy was developed, following the Critical Interpretive Synthesis framework. Results: The review indicated that the literature (a) is predominantly focused on physical violence, (b) is mainly produced by the Medical Sciences, (c) has descriptive objectives, (d) is characterized by having national and institutional geographical scopes, (e) uses primary data to study empirically the phenomena, and (f) mainly employs quantitative analysis methodologies. Most of the papers studied suicide, and the ones that analyzed homicide usually neglected to study the perpetrators’ perspective. These aspects structurally describe the literature, yet distinctive thematic subfields were found, with heterogeneous features. The use of national statistics is scarce to indicate the epidemiological relevance of violence. Conclusion: The frequent recurrence of definitions and taxonomies of international organizations (mainly, World Health Organization) in the definition of health and violence indicates the dominant discursive position of these organizations in certain fields of knowledge.

Cuando la revolución cambia de signo: la "izquierda" del peronismo como objeto de deseo y de represión; When the revolution changes its meaning: Peronist “Left” as an object of desire Ehrlich, Laura El artículo interroga el significado de la atribución de una identidad de “izquierda” a un sector del peronismo, a inicios de la década de 1960 en la Argentina. Se analizan, en primer lugar, algunas figuras del lenguaje del peronismo fuera del poder, para mostrar su original inscripción en una constelación ideológica que era propia, a fines de los años cincuenta, del campo de las derechas del espectro político. En una segunda instancia, se recorren discursos de origen estatal y otros, procedentes de la izquierda partidaria, interpretando que proyectaban una voluntad represiva y un deseo político, respectivamente, al identificar a la franja combativa del peronismo como filocomunista, como una “nueva izquierda” o como la “izquierda peronista”. Al final, se comprende el caso como una manifestación en el plano lingüístico de la crisis política más general, por la cual se desestabilizaron y pusieron en juego distintos significados de la categoría de “izquierda”.; This essay focuses on the problem of why certain Peronist activists were told to be “leftist” at the beginning of the sixties in Argentina. In the first section the paper analyzes some rhetorical figures used by Peronist when they were not in power at the end of the 1950s in order to show that they originally belonged to a rightist ideological frame. The second section concentrates on State agents’ and leftist Parties’ discourses referring to militant groups within the Peronism as a “Peronist Left”, a “New Left” or directly as “communist friendly”, and proposes that it was due to both will of repression (the former) and political desire (the latter). Finally, the article proposes the idea that these cases were the linguistic expression of a more general political crisis that displayed multiple and unstable meanings for “Left”.

La universidad: lo que ha sido, lo que es y ¿qué será? Skliar, Carlos Bernardo; Giuliano, Facundo El presente ensayo plantea una reflexión exploratoria conjunta en torno de cuatro dimensiones que atraviesan la vida universitaria contemporánea: la incógnita de la formación, la imagen del estudio, la cuestión de la lectura, la trans-formación y la amabilidad. Cada dimensión convida el vislumbre de diferentes tensiones que siguen convocando de manera colectiva al pensamiento filosófico, literario y ético-político de otras épocas que conversan infinitamente con la que nos atraviesa actualmente.

Todo es archivo en la web: reflexiones en torno a la búsqueda y descarga de música; Everything is Archive on the Web: Reflections on Searching and Downloading Music Garcia, Miguel Angel Desde fines de la década de 1960 el concepto de archivo se utiliza para analizar prácticas que acontecen fuera de la jurisdicción de los Archivos, museos, bibliotecas y otras instituciones estatales y privadas. En los últimos años el concepto ha servido para comprender diversos aspectos del funcionamiento de la World Wide Web. La WWW, un ámbito hipertextual, multimedial y global en el cual se llevan a cabo diversas rutinas de archivación, puede ser pensada desde dos perspectivas contrapuestas. Por un lado, como un mundo hiperclasificado y metaclasificado poseedor de una voracidad acopiadora inmanente orientada a la exhaustividad. En este sentido, la WWW es un conjunto de archivos y metaarchivos con sus predicciones algorítmicas y reglas de clasificación. Por otro lado, puede ser considerada un ambiente de sobreabundancia que brinda a sus usuarios la ilusión de navegar libremente en un caos que incita a ser ordenado, clasificado y archivado. El propósito del artículo consiste en ahondar en estas perspectivas y sopesar sus alcances a la luz de los distintos tipos de acceso que provee Internet a la WWW cuando la navegación tiene como fin hallar expresiones musicales. Desde un enfoque interdisciplinario se interrogan las mencionadas perspectivas mediante la intersección de problemas que bullen en las discusiones sobre el concepto de archivo y otros que remiten a las condiciones de acceso a bienes y servicios culturales mediante la comunicación digital. El acceso a las expresiones musicales a través de la web, tanto en su modalidad de descarga como de streaming, es problematizado en derredor de las rutinas de archivación y desde enfoques que relativizan las distinciones entre consumo y producción, y que discurren sobre la vida social y la información digital a partir del reconocimiento de su trasformación mutua.; Since the late 1960s, the concept of archive is used to analyse practices, which occur outside the realm of Archives, museums, libraries and other state and private owned institutions. During the last years, the concept has been useful to understand diverse aspects of the working of the World Wide Web. The WWW, a hyper-textual, multimedia and global environment, can be thought of from two opposing perspectives. On the one hand, as a hyper-classified and metaclassified world, which has an immanent storing voracity oriented to exhaustiveness. In such sense, the WWW is a set of archives and meta-archives, with its algorithmic predictions and classification rules. On the other hand, it may be considered an environment of overabundance, which gives it users the illusion of navigating freely in a chaos, which incites us to put it in order, to classify it and to archive it. The purpose of the article consists of going deeper into these perspectives and weigh their reach in view of the different types of access which the Internet provides to the WWW when navigating is done with the objective of finding music expressions. From an interdisciplinary approach, those perspectives are questioned through the intersection of problems, which bustle in the discussions about the concept of archive, and others referring to the conditions to have access to cultural goods and services through digital communication. Access to music expressions through the web, both in their downloading or streaming modes, is problematized around archive routines, and from approaches which relativize the distinctions between consumption and production and which reflect on social life and digital information, based on the recognition of their mutual transformation.

The role of scientists at the human-nature interface on MaB protected areas; El rol de los científicos en la interface hombre-naturaleza en las áreas protegidas MaB López, Luciana; Rubio, María Clara; Rodriguez, Maria Daniela According to the theory of social metabolisms, human-nature interaction can generate “waste” that can act as environmental passives. The impact of scientists’ interaction with nature during their field researches is rarely ever discussed on literature. In this paper, we evaluate the externalities produced by scientific research on fauna based on a zoning system of a Man and Biosphere Reserve (MaB) in order to determine incompatibilities. We assume that the MaB zoning systems could prevent the generation of this type of waste done by scientists. We systematized all documents referred to Ñacuñán MaB Reserve in Argentina (60 years of records) and created a digital library. Afterward, we spatialized the investigations related to fauna and contrasted them with the current zoning system. The results showed that most of the researches were manipulatives and were conducted at the transition zone, followed by the northern core zone. Scientists do not always respect the activities allowed by zone. Sampling sites are frequently selected according to the proximity of their accommodation rather than to the permitted activities. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate new policies to avoid scientists’ liabilities and to encourage the build of knowledge and research on less studied zones, to promote conservation and sustainable development of MaB reserves.; Según la teoría de los metabolismos sociales, la interacción humano-naturaleza puede generar “residuos” que pueden actuar como pasivos ambientales. El impacto de los científicos que interactúan con la naturaleza en sus investigaciones de campo, raramente es discutido en la literatura. En este artículo, evaluamos las externalidades producidas por los científicos en sus investigaciones sobre fauna en función del sistema de zonificación de las Reservas del Hombre y la Biosfera (MaB) con el objetivo de determinar incompatibilidades. Suponemos que los sistemas de zonificación de MaB podrían evitar la generación de este tipo de residuos por parte de los científicos. Para ello se sistematizaron todos los documentos referidos a la Reserva MaB Ñacuñán en Argentina (más de 60 años de registros) y se creó una biblioteca digital. Luego espacializamos las investigaciones referidas a fauna y se contrastaron con el sistema de zonificación actual. Los resultados mostraron que la mayor parte de las investigaciones fueron manipulativas y se localizaron en la zona de transición, seguida de la zona del núcleo norte. Los científicos no siempre respetaron las actividades permitidas por zona, seleccionando sus sitios de muestro en función de la proximidad a su alojamiento. Por ello es necesario formular políticas para evitar las responsabilidades de los científicos y para orientar la generación de conocimientos en las zonas menos estudiadas a efectos de promover la conservación y el desarrollo sustentable de las Reservas MaB.

Biotecnología e innovación en Argentina: una aproximación desde la industria semillera; Biotechnology and innovation in Argentina: an approach from the seed industry Quadrana, Alejandra Paula El presente artículo se propone analizar los procesos de innovación en biotecnología en el contexto de un país periférico. Se decidió profundizar en la industria semillera atendiendo a la importancia relativa del sector dentro de las actividades biotecnológicas desarrolladas en Argentina y a su relevancia en tanto insumo estratégico de la producción agroalimentaria. En virtud de las transformaciones tecnológicas incorporadas a la semilla, se describe la evolución de la industria semillera en el país en el largo plazo. A partir de la aprobación comercial de semillas transgénicas en 1996, se identificaron distintas estrategias de innovación en el conjunto de actores que participan en la cadena de valor. En base al análisis se elaboró una tipología para dar cuenta de dichas estrategias, que pueden consistir en: empresas multinacionales importadoras de innovaciones radicales, empresas nacionales generadoras de innovaciones radicales o empresas nacionales generadoras de innovaciones incrementales. Por último se reflexiona sobre las oportunidades y los desafíos que presenta la actividad semillera dentro de una estrategia de desarrollo nacional.; This article analyzes the processes of innovation in biotechnology in the context of a peripheral country. It was decided to delve into the seed industry, taking into account the relative importance of the sector within the biotechnological activities carried out in Argentina and its relevance as a strategic input for agri-food production. Based on the technological transformations incorporated into the seed, the evolution of the seed industry in the country in the long term is described. After the commercial approval of transgenic seeds in 1996, three innovation strategies were identified in the set of actors that participate in the value chain. Based on the analysis, a typology was developed to account for these strategies, which may consist of: multinational companies that import radical innovations, national companies that generate radical innovations or national companies that generate incremental innovations. Finally, it reflects on the opportunities and challenges that seed activity presents within a national development strategy.