Los derechos digitales durante la pandemia COVID-19 en Argentina, Brasil y México; Digital rights during COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico Bizberge, Ana; Segura, Maria Soledad Este artículo estudia estrategias, actores, condiciones y debates sobre los derechos digitales durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en México, Argentina y Brasil. El abordaje teórico es el de la comunicación como un derecho humano fundamental y las políticas de la comunicación. El enfoque metodológico es un análisis comparativo teórico-normativo y socio-político. Los ejes de debate giraron en torno a los derechos digitales de acceso, privacidad y libertad de expresión. Las políticas estatales variaron en función de la orientación política de sus gobernantes, el enfoque de políticas públicas pre-existentes y las adoptadas frente a la COVID-19, y las relaciones de fuerza existentes entre los actores involucrados en cada país. Las empresas desarrollaron estrategias regresivas de las que, en ciertos casos, tuvieron que dar marcha atrás, y algunas progresivas pero excepcionales; la sociedad civil y los organismos internacionales impulsaron soluciones progresivas y de largo plazo.; This article studies strategies, players, conditions and debates on digital rights during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, Argentina and Brazil. The theoretical approach comes from the studies of communication as a fundamental human right and communication´s policies. The methodological approach proposes a comparative theoretical-normative and socio-political analysis. The lines of debate were the digital rights of access, privacy and freedom of expression. State policies varied depending on the political orientation of their authorities, pre-existing public policies, the specific policies adopted against COVID-19, and the competing forces of the players involved in each country. The companies developed regressive strategies from which, in certain cases, they had to reverse, also implemented some progressive but exceptional measures; while civil society and international organizations promoted progressive and long-term solutions.

Paleolimnological response to climate variability during Late Glacial and Holocene times: A record from Lake Arturo, located in the Fuegian steppe, southern Argentina Fernández, Marilén; Ponce, Juan Federico; Ramón Mercau, María Josefina; Coronato, Andrea Maria Josefa; Laprida, Cecilia; Maidana, Nora Irene; Quiroga, Diego Rubén Andrés; Magneres, Ignacio Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene environmental conditions are reconstructed from a lacustrine core obtained from Lake Arturo, located in the Fuegian steppe of southern Argentina. Proxies include diatoms, ostracods, plants remains, organic matter content and sedimentological studies, and they suggest that Lake Arturo experienced climate-related variations in the water level, hydrological balance and temporal stability throughout the last 23,200 cal yr BP. The Late Glacial period, which ended about 15,400 cal yr BP, is characterized by a few low-diversity diatom assemblages dominated by benthic and small-celled fragilarioid taxa. Between the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and the mid-Holocene, Lake Arturo was a shallow, fresh-to-brackish lake with relatively high organic productivity. Around 6200 cal yr BP, the diatom Surirella tuberosa replaced Thalassiosira patagonica, and diatom species richness fell to its lowest level in the records. Together with the presence of the ostracod Limnocythere rionegroensis, which lives in ephemeral environments, this suggests that the lake was very shallow and experienced negative hydrological balance, with hydrochemical and biological conditions that were similar to those of today. Data from other sites in southern Tierra de Fuego suggest that, around 5000 cal yr BP until 800 cal yr BP the rainfall increased and the temperature decreased as a result of an intensification of the Southern Westerlies. By that time, the Lake Arturo record indicates the existence of an ephemeral, shallow, highly saline water body. This suggests an antiphase response to the atmospheric circulation pattern between the southern humid forest and the northern steppe during the middle to late Holocene.

Chocolates artesanales e identidad territorial en retroalimentación con el destino Bariloche, Argentina; Feedback processes between craft chocolates, territorial identity and the tourist destination of Bariloche, Argentina Colino, Evelyn del Valle; Savarese, Mariana Associated with the rigorous weather of the Patagonian region and with the assistance of European immigrants, artisanal chocolate has become a symbol of Bariloche, the well-known international tourist destination of Argentina. Its production is a tradition transmitted from generation to generation. Today, Bariloche brand is a seal of quality, exclusivity and holds an image associated with the landscape beauties of the environment and even a lifestyle. Local culinary traditions are well recognized, but craft chocolate, -and the popularity achieved by some innovations created by a family of immigrants pioneer in this field-, is possibly the star product of the region. The process by which this product develops a strong territorial identity is particularly striking given that the Patagonian region is not a cocoa producer. However, there are no socio-economic studies on this case so far. From a territorial approach, this research emphasizes the chocolate-territory linkage and the association of this product to the regional tourist system. Based on the first survey carried on in this sector, the production system of Bariloche's artisanal chocolate is analyzed. Its evolution associated with the history of the place, strong profile and the marked heterogeneity between producers, innovation, expansion strategies, main opportunities, restrictions to enhance its competitive and comparative advantages in a globalized market with new demands and preferences.; Asociado a la rigurosidad del clima patagónico y de la mano de inmigrantes europeos, el chocolate artesanal se ha convertido en un símbolo del destino turístico internacional Bariloche y de una tradición que se transmite de generación en generación. Hoy la marca Bariloche es un sello de calidad, exclusividad y detenta una imagen asociada a las bellezas paisajistas del entorno e incluso un estilo de vida. Las tradiciones culinarias del territorio tienen gran reconocimiento en general, pero el chocolate artesanal, -y la popularidad alcanzada por el chocolate en rama, una innovación local creada por una familia de inmigrantes pionera en el rubro-, es posiblemente el producto estrella de la región. El proceso por el cual este producto desarrolla una fuerte identidad territorial resulta particularmente llamativo si se tiene en cuenta que la región de los Andes Patagónicos no es productora de cacao. No obstante, no existen hasta el momento estudios socio-económicos sobre el caso. Desde un enfoque territorial, esta investigación enfatiza el vínculo chocolate-territorio a partir de la asociación del producto al sistema turístico de la región. A partir del primer relevamiento realizado sobre el sector, se analiza la trama productiva del chocolate artesanal barilochense, su evolución asociada a la historia del lugar, el perfil socio-productivo de las empresas y la marcada heterogeneidad entre productores, sus recientes estrategias de innovación y expansión y las principales oportunidades y restricciones para potenciar no sólo sus ventajas comparativas, sino también competitivas en un mercado mundial globalizado con nuevas exigencias y preferencias.

Caracterización de la antena DSA 3 para uso astronómico Sarmiento, Regina; Colazo, Marcelo; Fernandez Lopez, Manuel La antena Deep Space Antenna 3 (DSA 3) instalada en Mendoza es parte de la red de la Agencia Espacial Europea para el seguimiento de naves interplanetarias en el espacio. La Argentina dispone del 10 % del tiempo operativo de esta antena para proyectos nacionales de investigación. A fines de 2017 se realizó en la estación una actualización tecnológica por la que se sustituyeron los equipos de back-end que demandó la necesidad de caracterizar la estación con esta nueva configuración. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de senda caracterización. Adicionalmente, se trabajó en la generación de los datos de salida en formato astronómico. Este trabajo fue presentado como Tesis para obtener el grado académico de Licenciatura en Astronomía, en la Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata.

Fatty acids and stable isotopes (13C, 15N) in southern right whale Eubalaena australis calves in relation toage and mortality at Peninsula Valdes, Argentina Marón, Carina Flavia; Budge, Suzanne M.; Ward, Robert E.; Valenzuela, Luciano Oscar; Di Martino, Matías; Ricciardi, Marcos; Sironi, Mariano; Uhart, Marcela; Seger, Jon; Rowntree, Victoria J. Baleen whales accumulate fat reserves during the summer to sustain reproduction while fasting in the winter. The southern right whale Eubalaena australis population that calves off Península Valdés, Argentina, experienced high calf mortality events from 2003 to 2013 and poor nutritional states of mothers could be a contributing cause. Previous studies found that the population’s reproductive success is influenced by prey availability. Mothers unable to build sufficient fat reserves or feeding on prey with different nutritional value may fail to meet the demands of lactation. Milk is the only source of nutrients and energy for calves at Valdés, so their fatty acids (FAs) and stable isotopes should reflect their mother’s diet and feeding-ground locations. Here, we compared FA profiles and C and N stable isotopes of dead calves with those of living calves to evaluate the potential impact of maternal nutrition on calf survival. We found no differences in the FA composition of blubber in dead and living calves, indicating similar maternal diets. Likewise, the isotopic values of living and dead calves imply that their mothers had similar foraging ranges. However, FA composition was greatly affected by calf length, indicating effects of calf age and duration of nursing. These findings suggest that mothers of dead calves did not feed on different diets or feeding grounds compared to mothers of living calves. Future research should further assess the overall health and body condition of the Valdés southern right whale calves.

Brucella abortus–infected platelets modulate the activation of neutrophils Trotta, Aldana; Milillo, María Ayelén; Serafino, Agustina; Castillo Montañez, Luis Alejandro; Birnberg Weiss, Federico; Delpino, María Victoria; Giambartolomei, Guillermo Hernan; Fernández, Cecilia Gabriela; Barrionuevo, Paula Brucellosis is a contagious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Platelets (PLTs) have been widely involved in the modulation of the immune response. We have previously reported the modulation of Brucella abortus–mediated infection of monocytes. As a result, PLTs cooperate with monocytes and increase their inflammatory capacity, promoting the resolution of the infection. Extending these results, in this study we demonstrate that patients with brucellosis present slightly elevated levels of complexes between PLTs and both monocytes and neutrophils. We then assessed whether PLTs were capable of modulating functional aspects of neutrophils. The presence of PLTs throughout neutrophil infection increased the production of interleukin‐8, CD11b surface expression and reactive oxygen species formation, whereas it decreased the expression of CD62L, indicating an activated status of these cells. We next analyzed whether this modulation was mediated by released factors. To discriminate between these options, neutrophils were treated with supernatants collected from B. abortus–infected PLTs. Our results show that CD11b expression was induced by soluble factors of PLTs but direct contact between cell populations was needed to enhance the respiratory burst. Additionally, B. abortus–infected PLTs recruit polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells to the site of infection. Finally, the presence of PLTs did not modify the initial invasion of PMN cells by B. abortus but improved the control of the infection at extended times. Altogether, our results demonstrate that PLTs interact with neutrophils and promote a proinflammatory phenotype which could also contribute to the resolution of the infection.

A software architecture perspective about Moodle flexibility for supporting empirical research of teaching theories Campo, Marcelo Ricardo; Amandi, Analia Adriana; Biset, Julio César Moodle represents a great contribution to the educational world since it provides an evolving platform for Virtual Learning Management Systems (VLMS) that became a standard de facto for most of the educational institutions around the world. Through the pedagogical functions provided, it collects in the many globally spread out databases a huge amount of information regarding the activities that teachers and students perform during the learning process. This reality makes Moodle a natural choice for conducting experimental research by Artificial Intelligence researchers interested in theories for improving learning and teaching; particularly those related with the controversial learning styles concept. Roughly defined, a learning style intends to be a model of the way and media an apprentice acquires knowledge and hence the way a teacher should present that knowledge to the apprentice matching his/her learning style. Independently of the many controversies (be these scientific, psychological or even ethical) about the soundness and real outcomes that such ideas can bring to improve learning, it’s a worthy intriguing research area for many researchers pursuing the ideal automated teacher: the teachbot dream. Behind this goal we have developed Middle, a Moodle plug-in able to infer the learning style of each student taking a course using an advanced version of a Bayesian network model that we previously tested. Middle intends support personalized teaching based on the Felder-Silverman’s ILS model and has been evaluated through controlled experiments and pilot test in high schools and university courses. Such experiments showed promising results that shed some light on learning styles modeling and its potential outcomes. During the experience we found strong limitations in the Moodle design regarding its supposed flexibility to incorporate new functionalities. From a strict software architecture point of view, we found that such flexibility is far from being enough to easier the implementation of the dynamic computational behavior required to support a teachbot. This made our effort much harder than expected, perhaps because of the illusion induced by the widespread use of Moodle. In this article we present our results and experiences extending Moddle with intelligent behavior from a software architecture point of view, focusing on the lessons learnt in such extension. Our experience indicates that this simplicity is far from being so and hence it is worth to share the limitations and how we overcome them.

Arsenic in Latin America: New findings on source, mobilization and mobility in human environments in 20 countries based on decadal research 2010-2020 Bundschuh, Jochen; Armienta, María Aurora; Morales-Simfors, Nury; Ayaz Alam, Mohammad; López, Dina; Delgado Quezada, Valeria; Dietrich, Sebastián; Schneider, Jerusa; Tapia, Joseline; Sracek, Ondra; Castillo, Elianna; Parra, Lue-Meru Marco; Altamirano Espinoza, Maximina; Guimarães Guilherme, Luiz Roberto; Sosa, Numa Nahuel; Niazi, Khan Niazi; Tomaszewska, Barbara; Lizama Allende, Katherine; Bieger, Klaus; Alonso, David; Brandão, Pedro; Bhattacharya, Prosun; Litter, Marta Irene; Ahmad, Arslan Today (year 2020), the globally recognized problem of arsenic (As) contamination of water resources and other environments at toxic levels has been reported in all of the 20 Latin American countries. The present review indicates that As is prevalent in 200 areas across these countries. Arsenic is naturally released into the environment and mobilized from geogenic sources comprising: (i) volcanic rocks and emissions, the latter being transported over thousands of kilometers from the source, (ii) metallic mineral deposits, which get exposed to human beings and livestock through drinking water or food chain, and (iii) As-rich geothermal fluids ascending from deep geothermal reservoirs contaminate freshwater sources. The challenge for mitigation is increased manifold by mining and related activities, as As from mining sites is transported by rivers over long distances and even reaches and contaminates coastal environments. The recognition of the As problem by the authorities in several countries has led to various actions for remediation, but there is a lack of long-term strategies for such interventions. Often only total As concentration is reported, while data on As sources, mobilization, speciation, mobility and pathways are lacking which is imperative for assessing quality of any water source, i.e. public and private.

Tecnodiplomacia, o cuando la ciencia y la tecnología se convierten en herramientas de paz: El caso de la cooperación nuclear entre Argentina y Brasil en el siglo XX; Technodiplomacy, or when science and technology become tools of peace: The case of nuclear cooperation between Argentina and Brazil in the twentieth century Vera, María Nevia Desde la finalización de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, ciencia y tecnología han comenzado a ocupar un lugar preponderante en la agenda de políticas públicas de los Estados, y a ser consideradas como elementos claves de poder, especialmente la tecnología nuclear. Sin embargo, esta tecnología de usos duales no fue solo fuente de conflicto, sino que fue utilizada muchas veces como elemento de proyección de poder regional y global a través de la diplomacia atómica, práctica perteneciente al fenómeno más amplio conocido como Tecnodiplomacia. El presente artículo propone analizar el rol que la tecnología nuclear jugó en la transformación de relaciones conflictivas entre Argentina y Brasil en vínculos cooperativos estratégicos, durante el siglo XX.; Since the end of World War II, science and technology have begun to have a prominent place in State policies agendas, and to be considered key power elements, especially nuclear technology. Nonetheless, this dual use technology was not perceived only as a source of conflict but also as a key component of global and regional projection through atomic diplomacy, a practice belonging to a wider phenomenon known as technodiplomacy. This article seeks to analyze the role played by nuclear technology in the transformation of conflictive relations between Argentina and Brazil into strategic cooperative links during the twentieth century.

“Adiós querida mía, adiós tesoro”: Las acciones comunicativas de los suicidas apasionados en Buenos Aires durante el último tercio del siglo XIX; "Goodbye my dear, goodbye treasure": The communicative actions of passionate suicides in Buenos Aires during the last third of the 19th century Arroyo, Julián En el presente trabajo abordamos, desde una perspectiva histórica y sociocultural, un conjunto de casos de suicidio ocurridos en la ciudad de Buenos Aires durante el último tercio del siglo XIX, con el fin de analizar las acciones comunicativas llevadas adelante en las narraciones asociadas con pasiones románticas, sentimientos amorosos y conflictos conyugales. En este sentido, nos proponemos mostrar que si bien hubo acciones que buscaban generar dolor y pesar, también había otras que estaban orientadas a preservar la memoria del suicida entre los otros significativos.; In this paper we analyze suicide cases that occurred in the city of Buenos Aires during the last third of the nineteenth century. From a historical and sociocultural perspective, we study communicative actions in stories associated with romantic passions, love feelings and marital conflicts. Our goal is to show that there were actions with the intention of generating pain and sorrow, and there were also other acts to preserve the memory of suicide among their significant others.

La construcción de un accionar colectivo para la generación de proyectos habitacionales: Estudio de caso de una agrupación social en una ciudad media de Argentina; The construction of a collective action for the generation of housing projects: Case study of a social group in an average city in Argentina Girado, Agustina El artículo recupera la experiencia de lucha y de trabajo de una agrupación social abocada a la generación de proyectos habitacionales en una ciudad media de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). A partir de la misma se reflexiona respecto a los procesos de interacción social en variados espacios -familiares, barriales y organizacionales- así como de las características -estructurales y simbólicas- de la ciudad que habilitaron la generación de un accionar colectivo que resultó estratégico para garantizar el acceso al suelo urbano y la vivienda para vastos sectores sociales. Sumado a ello, se busca dar cuenta del carácter disputado, inacabado, fluido y muchas veces trunco, de los procesos, acciones y experiencias desplegadas por la agrupación en relación con la concreción de ciertos objetivos y de su inscripción en procesos históricos y políticos más globales. Lo desarrollado en el artículo se desprende de una investigación doctoral en Antropología Social que adoptó un enfoque etnográfico para la comprensión de los procesos sociales.; The paper recovers the experience of struggle and work of a social group dedicated to the generation of housing projects in an average city in the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). From this, it reflects on the processes of social interaction in various spaces -family, neighbourhood and organizational- as well as the characteristics -structural and symbolic- of the city that enabled the generation of a collective action that proved strategic to guarantee access to urban land and housing for vast social sectors. In addition to this, it seeks to account for the disputed, unfinished, fluid and often truncated character, of the processes, actions and experiences displayed by the group in relation to the realization of certain objectives and their registration in more global historical and political processes. What was developed in the article follows a doctoral research in Social Anthropology that adopted an ethnographic approach to understand social processes.

Dinámica política, sociabilidad y trayectorias personales en el peronismo bonaerense (1956-1973); Political dynamics, sociability and personal trajectories in the peronism of Buenos Aires (1956-1973) Marcilese, José Bernardo Este trabajo analiza el funcionamiento del peronismo bonaerense durante los años que van del derrocamiento del Perón a su retorno, desde un enfoque centrado en la rama política del movimiento. En particular se consideran las trayectorias de un conjunto de dirigentes que se desempeñaron en diversas comunas de la Sexta Sección Electoral de la provincia de Buenos Aires en la etapa 1956-1973. Para ello se estudia su relación con los espacios de la sociabilidad formal, las redes de contactos personales y la influencia de su prestigio o notabilidad individual, factores que resultaron funcionales a su trabajo político en un contexto de proscripción alternado por episodios electorales o de institucionalización partidaria.; This paper analyzes the functioning of Buenos Aires Peronism during the years that go from the over throw of Perón to its return, from an approach focused on the political branch of the movement. In particular, the trajectories of a group of leaders who worked in various communes of the sixth electoral section of the province of Buenos Aires in the 1956- 1973 stage are considered. For this, its relationship with the spaces of formal sociability, personal contact networks and the influence of its prestigeor individual notability are studied, factors that were functional to its political work in a context of proscription alternated by electoral episodes or party institutionalization.

The Intrinsically Disordered Protein CARP9 Bridges HYL1 to AGO1 in the Nucleus to Promote MicroRNA Activity Tomassi, Ariel Hernán; Ré, Delfina Adela; Romani, Facundo Alihuen; Cambiagno, Damián Alejandro; Gonzalo, Lucía; Moreno, Javier Edgardo; Arce, Agustín Lucas; Manavella, Pablo Andrés In plants, small RNAs (sRNA) are loaded into ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins to fulfill their regulatory functions. Micro RNAs (miRNAs), one of the most abundant classes of endogenous sRNAs, are preferentially loaded into ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1). Such loading, long believed to happen exclusively in the cytoplasm, was recently proposed to also occur in the nucleus. Here we identified CONSTITUTIVE ALTERATIONS IN THE SMALL RNAS PATHWAYS9 (CARP9), a nuclear-localized, intrinsically disordered protein, as a factor promoting miRNA activity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Mutations in the CARP9-encoding gene led to a mild reduction of miRNAs levels, impaired gene silencing, and characteristic morphological defects, including young leaf serration and altered flowering time. Intriguingly, we found that CARP9 was able to interact with HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (HYL1), but not with other proteins of the miRNA biogenesis machinery. In the same way, CARP9 appeared to interact with mature miRNA, but not with pri-miRNA, positioning it after miRNA processing in the miRNA pathway. CARP9 was also able to interact with AGO1, promoting its interaction with HYL1 to facilitate miRNA loading in AGO1. Plants deficient in CARP9 displayed reduced levels of AGO1-loaded miRNAs, partial retention of miRNA in the nucleus, and reduced levels of AGO1. Collectively, our data suggest that CARP9 might modulate HYL1AGO1 crosstalk, acting as a scaffold for the formation of a nuclear post pri-miRNA processing complex that includes at least HYL1, AGO1 and HSP90. In such a complex, CARP9 stabilizes AGO1 and mature miRNAs, allowing the proper loading of miRNAs in the effector complex.

Territorio y pandemia: La urbanidad discontinuada Fedele Abatidaga, Javier A partir de ponderaciones generales sobre el nuevo contexto dado por los efectos de la COVID–19, se formulan reflexiones sobre las políticas públicas y los lineamientos que deberían nutrir las mismas. Se postula como clave la necesidad de un enfoque basado en el rescate de las estructuras de organización social y urbana orientadas estratégicamente. De manera simultánea, se analizan la correspondencia de este contexto de pandemia con la situación de las ciudades y los desafíos a los que la expone. Se parte de reconocer la dinámica socioeconómica y la alta interdependencia de los territorios urbanos, lo cual los expone a la actual situación de vulnerabilidad. Se recogen algunos de los tópicos vertidos en los debates suscitados en estos días para resituarlos problemáticamente: la cuestión de la densidad, el vacío del espacio público y la insuficiencia del espacio privado, entre otros. Densidades distribuidas, flexibilidades diseñadas y riesgos modulados, se postulan como estrategias urbanas en este contexto, intentando recoger las primeras reacciones en un conjunto de acciones orientadas estratégicamente. Todo ello en el marco de la problemática de los gobiernos locales, proponiendo los enfoques y lineamientos consecuentes para abordar los planes y proyectos de ciudad.; Based on reflections on the new context generated by COVID–19, this article considers public policies and establishes their possible guidelines. In this field, a strategic approach to social and urban organizational structures is essential. Afterwards, the correspondence of this pandemic context with the urban situation and their challenges is analyzed. The socio–economic dynamics and the high interdependence of urban territories expose them to the current vulnerability. Some of the topics raised in recent debates are problematized: the density question, the public space vacuum and the insufficiency of private space, among others. Distributed densities, designed flexibilities and modulated risks are postulated as urban strategies in this context, trying to gather the first reactions in a set of strategically oriented actions. All reflection is framed according to the problems of local government, proposing approaches and consistent guidelines to address urban plans and projects.

Mujeres en el trabajo municipal: las mucamas del Hospital Ramón Santamarina de Tandil y la demanda por su carrera laboral (1999- 2004); Women and municipal work: Maids of the Ramón Santamarina Hospital of Tandil, and the demand for their career (1999-2004) Minardo, Maria Florencia La demanda por la carrera laboral de las mucamas del Hospital municipal Ramón Santamarina de la ciudad de Tandil, reclamo que se extendió entre los años 1999 y 2004, es analizada en este trabajo, aproximación que busca indagar sobre las características de la organización del trabajo de este agrupamiento laboral que se encuadra en el sector de servicios del empleo público municipal. Este trabajo muestra cómo a partir de este reclamo gremial, las trabajadoras lograron, aunque sin proponérselo explícitamente, contestar o poner en tensión las definiciones estatales que entienden a estos trabajos como “no calificados”, noción que redunda en la desvalorización social y económica de las tareas de las mucamas en este espacio de trabajo altamente profesionalizado y jerárquico. El presente análisis se funda en cuatro entrevistas realizadas a trabajadoras mucamas, dirigentes sindicales y a la delegada de las mucamas en aquel contexto, como así también en documentos sindicales, como el mensuario del Sindicato de Municipales, y estatales como decretos del Poder Ejecutivo local, ordenanzas del Concejo Deliberante de la ciudad de Tandil y material del curso de formación profesional para mucama/ o para establecimientos de salud aprobado por la Dirección General de Cultura y Educación de la Provincia de Buenos en el año 2009.; The demand for the career of the maids at the Ramón Santamarina Municipal Hospital in the city of Tandil, a claim that lasted between 1999 and 2004, is analyzed in this work, an approach that seeks to investigate the characteristics of the organization of the work of This labor group that falls within the municipal public employment services sector. This work shows how, based on this union claim, the workers managed, although without explicitly proposing it, to answer or stress the state definitions that understand these jobs as "unskilled", a notion that results in the social and economic devaluation of the Maids tasks in this highly professional and hierarchical workspace. This analysis is based on four interviews with maid workers, union leaders and the maid delegate in that context, as well as union documents, such as the monthly from the Municipal Union, and state documents such as decrees of the local Executive Power, ordinances Deliberative Council of the city of Tandil and material of the professional training course for maid / or for health facilities approved by the General Directorate of Culture and Education of the Province of Buenos in 2009.

Catálogo comentado de los materiales tipo de los vertebrados de la Colección Paleontológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Argentina; Annotated catalog of vertebrate type specimens in the Paleontological Collection of Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Argentina; Catálogo comentado dos materiais tipo dos vertebrados da Coleção Paleontológica da Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Naturais da Universidade Nacional de La Pampa, Argentina Montalvo, Claudia I.; Kihn, Romina Gisela; Cerdeño Serrano, Maria Esperanza La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, Argentina, custodia una importante colección paleontológica iniciada en el año 1987, cuyo acrónimo es GHUNLPam. En la actualidad, contiene alrededor de 35.000 especímenes de invertebrados, vertebrados, plantas, icnofósiles y palinomorfos, que provienen principalmente de diferentes niveles fosilíferos de la provincia de La Pampa. Se presenta un catálogo del material tipo de la colección de vertebrados, correspondiente en su mayoría a mamíferos del Mioceno tardío de esta provincia. Incluye los holotipos de 15 especies publicados hasta fin del año 2019, siendo cuatro de ellas las especies tipo de los géneros correspondientes. Para cada taxón, se proporciona la información taxonómica actualizada, las sinonimias, la diagnosis original, enmendada o ampliada, según el caso (traducida al español si se publicó originalmente en otro idioma), la localidad tipo, la procedencia geográfica y estratigráfica, y la derivación del nombre del taxón. Finalmente, en algunos casos, se incluyen comentarios taxonómicos adicionales y materiales asignados en la publicación original.; Since 1987, the Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales of Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Argentina, holds an important paleontological collection whose acronym is GHUNLPam. Currently, it contains about 35,000 specimens of invertebrates, vertebrates, plants, ichnofossils and palynomorphs, mainly from different fossiliferous levels of La Pampa Province. Here we present a catalog of the vertebrate type materials, largely corresponding to late Miocene mammals from this province. It includes the holotypes of 15 species published until the end of 2019; four of them are the type species for their corresponding genera. For each taxon, we provide updated taxonomy as well as synonyms, original or modified diagnosis (translated into Spanish if needed), type locality, geographic and stratigraphic provenance, and derivation of the name. Finally, in several cases we provide some taxonomic comments and list the specimens assigned in the original publication.; A Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Naturais da Universidade Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, Argentina, abriga uma importante coleção paleontológica iniciada em 1987, cujo acrônimo é GHUNLPam. Atualmente, contém cerca de 35.000 espécimes de invertebrados, vertebrados, plantas, icnofósseis e palinomorfos, que provêm principalmente de diferentes níveis fossilíferos da província de La Pampa. Apresenta-se um catálogo do material tipo da coleção de vertebrados, correspondendo em sua maioria a mamíferos do Mioceno tardio desta província. Inclui os holótipos de 15 espécies publicadas até o final de 2019, sendo quatro delas as espécies tipo dos gêneros correspondentes. Para cada táxon, provê-se a informação taxonômica atualizada, as sinonímias, a diagnose original, emendada ou ampliada, conforme o caso (traduzida para o espanhol se foi publicada originalmente em outro idioma), a localidade tipo, a procedência geográfica e estratigráfica, e a derivação do nome do táxon. Finalmente, em alguns casos, são incluídos comentários taxonômicos adicionais e materiais assignados na publicação original.

La Mesa Intersindical de Tandil (2016-2019): unidad sindical frente a la restauración neoliberal en ciudades medias de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; The Inter Trade Union of Tandil (2016-2019): union unity against neoliberal restoration in mediumsized cities in the Province of Buenos Aires Adamini, Marina Este artículo analiza el fenómeno de organización intersindical que se desarrolló en diferentes ciudades medias de Argentina como forma de respuesta a las medidas de ajuste neoliberal aplicadas por el gobierno de Mauricio Macri. Partimos de observar cómo ante un contexto de cierre de empresas, aumento del desempleo, inflación y depreciación salarial, los sindicatos locales de diferentes sectores productivos y con diversas pertenencias políticas se articularon institucionalmente para debatir problemáticas comunes y desarrollar medidas de lucha conjuntas. El análisis de este fenómeno lo realizamos a partir del caso de la Mesa Intersindical de Tandil (MIT), que surgió en 2016 articulando alrededor de 20 sindicatos de diferentes sectores productivos, pertenecientes a la Confederación General del Trabajo (CGT) y la Central de Trabajadores de la Argentina (CTA). Buscamos identificar los rasgos comunitarios de este proceso de organización, a la luz de las particularidades que asume la sociabilidad laboral y gremial en el contexto local de una ciudad media como Tandil. Abordamos sus formas de organización, demandas y repertorios de acción, en su proceso de conformación y transformación entre 2016-2019. En términos metodológicos cualitativos, desarrollamos un análisis documental de fuentes periodísticas locales, comunicados de la MIT, y entrevistas a sus principales referentes.; This article analyzes the phenomenon of inter-union organization that developed in different middle cities of Argentina as a way of responding to the neoliberal adjustment measures applied by the Mauricio Macri government. We started by observing how, in a context of business closure, increased of unemployment, inflation and wage depreciation, local trade unions of different productive sectors and political belongings articulated institutionally to discuss common problems and develop control measures joint. The analysis of this experience was carried out based on the case of the Inter Trade Union of Tandil, which emerged in 2016, articulating around 20 trade unions from different productive sectors, belonging to the Confederación General del Trabajo (CGT) and Central de Trabajadores de la Argentina (CTA). We seek to identify the community aspects of this informal trade union organization process, in the light of the particularities that sociability assumes in the local context of a middle city like Tandil. We analyzed their forms of organization, demands and repertoires of action, in their process of conformation and transformation between 2016-2019. In qualitative methodological terms, we developed a documentary analysis of local journalistic sources, releases, and interviews with their main referents.

Immunity and health of two wild marine fishes naturally exposed to anthropogenic pollution Sueiro, Maria Cruz; Awruch, Cynthia Andrea; Gilardoni, Carmen Mariangel; Demetrio, Muriel; Palacios, María Gabriela There are increasing global concerns of the alarming pollution impacts on marine life, thus it is becoming essential to generate reliable tools to monitor and understand the effects of these impacts on aquatic organisms. We performed a field study assessing how exposure to anthropogenic pollution impacts immunological and health-state parameters and parasite infection of a wild marine fish, the Brazilian sandperch Pinguipes brasilianus. Then we compared this information to previously published data of a sympatric species, the Patagonian rockfish Sebastes oculatus inhabiting the same polluted and pristine areas. The field study revealed that exposed P. brasilianus showed chronic stress, poor immune condition and higher prevalence and abundance of acanthocephalan parasites. By comparing these former results with already published in S. oculatus, we concluded that, although both species exhibited physiological alterations associate to inhabiting sites exposed to pollution, their specific immunological and health-state responses differed. Our results demonstrate that Patagonian reef-fish assemblages inhabiting sites exposed to pollutant are being affected in their immune and heath condition, which could potentially result in higher susceptibility to disease and in turn population decline. These findings highlight the necessity of more studies incorporating interspecific comparisons to assess variation in fish susceptibility in an ecoimmunotoxicological context and get a more profound understanding of anthropogenic impacts on wildlife.

Urban populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Central Argentina: Dispersal patterns assessed by bayesian and multivariate methods Ayala, Ana Maria; Vera, Noelia Soledad; Chiappero, Marina Beatriz; Almiron, Walter Ricardo; Gardenal, Cristina Noemí Aedes aegypti (L.), the main vector of dengue and other arboviruses, was declared eradicated from Argentinain 1964; however, in 1987, it was detected again and nowadays it occurs in most of the country territory. Tounderstand the transmission of vector-borne diseases, knowledge of the dispersal of vector populations isessential to evaluate the risk of pathogen transmission. We conducted a population genetic analysis of Ae.aegypti in 20 neighborhoods from C¨®rdoba, the second largest city in Argentina, using 10 microsatellite loci.High genetic differentiation and the absence of an isolation by distance pattern was found using Weir andCockerham¡¯s ¦È. Bayesian and multivariate clustering analyses showed that the studied sites included individualswith high membership coefficients (Q) in their populations, individuals with membership in anothercluster, and admixed individuals. Individuals with high Q in clusters different from the population in whichthey were collected strongly suggests that passive transport is important in shaping the Ae. aegypti dispersalpattern in Córdoba city. Knowing the genetic structure of Ae. aegypti populations and their dispersal patternswould contribute to the implementation of vector control programs.

A lateral flow immunoassay based on colored latex particles for detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis Garcia, Valeria Soledad; Guerrero, Sergio Adrian; Gugliotta, Luis Marcelino; González, Verónica Doris Guadalupe Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is the major source of human visceral leishmaniasis. To control the spread of this disease, early and accurate detection of infected dogs is critical but challenging. The serological diagnosis of CVL remains problematic because there are no reliable commercially available tests. Most laboratories use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. These tests use Leishmania chagasi recombinant antigens K39 or K26 assembled with either gold-labelled Staphylococcus aureus protein A or protein G from Streptococcus pyogenes. In this work, we propose the development, optimization and standardization of a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) based on functionalized colored particles and a specific recombinant antigen, as a visual in situ method for the diagnosis of CVL. The following analysis variables were considered: i) the concentration of the latex-protein complex; ii) the dilution of the serum; iii) the composition of the employed buffers; iv) the nominal capillary flow time through the nitrocellulose membrane; v) the concentration of reagents fixed in the test and control lines; vi) the particle size of the colored latex; and vii) the conjugation method. Then, the obtained strips were evaluated as a visual diagnostic tool based on a panel of positive and negative sera. It was observed that because of its simplicity and performance the LFIA test is a quick and reliable alternative for the diagnosis of CVL either in conventional laboratories or for remote areas where laboratories are not readily accessible for conventional assays.