La calidad de vida en la argentina en 1980; Quality of Life in Argentina in 1980 Velázquez, Guillermo Ángel; Celemin, Juan Pablo Un índice de calidad de vida es un indicador que busca reflejar de manera resumida un conjunto de variables socio-económicas, demográficas y ambientales consideradas relevantes en un momento histórico determinado. En este contexto, el presente trabajo propone elaborar un índice de Calidad de Vida a partir de distintas fuentes de datos para las los departamentos de la República Argentina para el momento del Censo Nacional de Población realizado en el año 1980. La variada cartografía obtenida muestra importantes desigualdades territoriales para los departamentos del país. Los lugares con mejor calidad de vida son la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, algunos partidos del norte del Área Metropolitana y de la provincia de Buenos Aires a los que se le suman capitales de provincias situadas en regiones relativamente más desarrolladas (Cuyo y Patagonia) y en otras áreas pampeanas (Córdoba, Santa Fe) y sus áreas adyacentes. En contraparte, los valores más bajos están en regiones estructuralmente pobres del norte del país.; A quality of life index is an indicator that seeks to show in summary form a set of socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental variables considered relevant at a given historical moment. In this context, the purpose of this work is to elaborate a Quality of Life index from different data sources for the provinces of the Argentine Republic at the time of the National Population Census carried out in 1980. The varied cartography obtained shows important territorial inequalities for the provinces of the country. On the one hand, the places with the best quality of life are the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, some districts in the North of the Metropolitan Area and the province of Buenos Aires plus capitals of provinces located in relatively more developed regions (Cuyo and Patagonia), other Pampean areas (Córdoba, Santa Fe) and their adjacent areas. On the other hand, the lowest values are in structurally poor regions in the North of the country.

La economía moral de los ricos. Comerciantes españoles en la rebelión de Túpac Catarí de Nuestra Señora de La Paz de Indias, 1781-1782; The moral economy of the rich. Spanish traders in the Túpac Catarí rebellion of Nuestra Señora de la Paz de Indias, 1781-1782 Cruz, Enrique Normando En el artículo se presenta el estudio de los comerciantes de Nuestra Señora de La Paz de Indias en el contexto dela sublevación de Tupac Catari de 1781 a 1782. Planteándose que al igual que los pobres, los que circunstancialmente dominan la relación de poder también configuran una economía moral.; The article studies the Spanish merchants of the city Nuestra Señora de la Paz de Indias in the context of the Tupac Catari uprising from 1781 to 1782. The research argues that just like the "poor", those who circumstantially dominate the relationship of power, they also configure a moral economy, which reveals the features of kinship and friendship relationships, flexibility regarding diversity, relations with the state, and a provincial and global patriotism.

The Austral-Magallanes Basin (Southern Patagonia): A synthesis of its stratigraphy and evolution Cuitiño, José Ignacio; Varela, Augusto Nicolás; Ghiglione, Matias; Richiano, Sebastián Miguel; Poire, Daniel Gustavo The Austral-Magallanes is an oil-producing basin located in southern Argentina and Chile, containing a siliciclastic stratigraphic record ranging from the Late Jurassic to Late Cenozoic. This short paper finalize the two special volumes of the Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis dedicated to the basin, and aim to provide a comprehensive synthesis based on the current knowledge about the chronology of deposition, stratigraphy, and tectonic events that shaped this basin. During the breakup of Gondwana in the Jurassic, an extensional phase was responsible for the beginning of accumulation of volcaniclastic material within grabens, which subsequently were covered by widespread Lower Cretaceous shallow and deep marine deposits that conforms the main hydrocarbon system. From Late Cretaceous onward, the subduction-related compressive regime associated to Andean uplift and fold and thrust belt migration was responsible for the onset of the foreland stage. During the Late Cretaceous, the foredeep zone accumulated a thick pile of deep marine deposits that graded upward to shallow marine and terrestrial deposits. During the Cenozoic, the foredeep was less marked and shallow marine and terrestrial sediments accumulated in wide areas, punctuated by important unconformities associated to foreland uplift. Future developments should focus on: i) improving the age-controlled stratigraphy; ii) joining the information provided by subsurface and outcrop studies; and iii) developing source to sink models to address the Andean impact in the sedimentation of the basin.

Nanoparticles' toxicity in fish models Cazenave, Jimena; Ale, Analía; Bacchetta, Carla; Rossi, Andrea Silvana El aumento de la producción y el uso de nanopartículas (NP) ha generado preocupaciones sobre la posible toxicidad para la salud humana y ambiental. En esta revisión, abordamos la información actualizada sobre nanotoxicidad utilizando peces como modelos. En primer lugar, realizamos una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura (artículos publicados hasta febrero de 2019 en la base de datos Scopus) para evaluar cuantitativamente la investigación científica sobre nanopartículas, nanotoxicidad y peces. A continuación, realizamos una síntesis narrativa sobre los principales factores y mecanismos involucrados en la toxicidad NP en peces. Según el análisis bibliométrico, existe una baja contribución de la investigación científica sobre la nanotoxicidad en comparación con la producción científica general de nanopartículas. La búsqueda en la literatura también mostró que la plata y el titanio NP son los nanomateriales más estudiados y Danio rerio es la especie de pez más utilizada. En comparación con los peces de agua dulce, los efectos de los nanomateriales en los peces marinos han sido poco estudiados. Después de un análisis no sistemático de la literatura, identificamos varios factores involucrados en la nanotoxicidad, así como los efectos y los principales mecanismos de toxicidad de NP en los peces. Finalmente, destacamos las brechas de conocimiento y la necesidad de futuras investigaciones.; The increasing production and use of nanoparticles (NP) have raised concerns regarding the potential toxicity to human and environmental health. In this review, we address the up to date information on nanotoxicity using fish as models. Firstly, we carried out a systematic literature search (articles published up to February 2019 in the Scopus database) in order to quantitatively assess the scientific research on nanoparticles, nanotoxicity and fish. Next, we carried out a narrative synthesis on the main factors and mechanisms involved in NP toxicity in fish. According to the bibliometric analysis, there is a low contribution of scientific research on nanotoxicity compared with the general nanoparticle scientific production. The literature search also showed that silver and titanium NP are the most studied nanomaterials and Danio rerio is the fish species most used. In comparison with freshwater fish, the effects of nanomaterials on marine fish have been little studied. After a non-systematic literature analysis, we identified several factors involved in nanotoxicity, as well as the effects and main toxicity mechanisms of NP on fish. Finally, we highlighted the knowledge gaps and the need for future research.

Las Minieides y Baco en Metamorfosis 4 de Ovidio; The Minyades and Bacchus in Ovid’s Metamorphoses 4 Milovich, Natalia El Ciclo tebano del libro 3 de Metamorfosis de Ovidio continúa en el libro 4 con el episodio de las Minieides, quienes se niegan a aceptar, en contraposición con el resto de las mujeres, los ritos en honor a Baco. Para las muchachas, el rechazo al dios ─y, por ende, a la participación en los misterios báquicos─ se desprende directamente de la negativa de abandonar el ámbito doméstico y sus correlativas ocupaciones. Las hijas de Minias postulan la tarea doméstica del tejido y la narración de historias como modelo de conducta femenina. Desde su perspectiva, Baco no es, además, hijo de Júpiter, razón por la cual los ritos no son auténticos. Ellas se dedican a Palas, quien patrocina el hilado, una labor de mayor sentido utilitario que acompañan y amenizan con sus relatos. Desde una perspectiva narratológica centrada en ese contexto de oposición al dios, mostraremos, por un lado, que el narrador primario no se identifica con la impiedad de las Minieides, sino que más bien insiste en ella y la condena a lo largo del texto; por otro, que las Minieides defienden el estereotipo social del rol de la mujer confinado a tareas específicas dentro del ámbito doméstico y que dicha conducta socialmente valorada se vincula con una transgresión visual, eje temático que atraviesa la totalidad del Ciclo tebano de Ovidio bajo distintas formas.; The Theban Cycle of the third book of Ovid’s Metamorphoses continues in the fourth book with the exception of the Minyades’ in accepting the worship of Bacchus. For the young girls the rejection of the god, and therefore of the engagement in Bacchus’ mysteries, comes directly from the denial of abandoning their usual domestic occupations. The daughters of Minyas remain at home, devoting themselves to the task of spinning and narrating stories as a model of feminine behavior. Moreover, from their perspective, Bacchus is not Jupiter’s son, which makes the rituals unauthentic. They worship Pallas, who patronizes the spinning, a more utilitarian activity that they enliven with their storytelling. From a narratologic approach to the Minyades’ refusal of the god, I will show on the one hand that the primary narrator does not identify himself with their impiety but rather insists on it and condemns it throughout the text; on the other hand, that the Minyades defend the social stereotype of women’s specific role, and the text presents such socially valued behavior as a visual transgression, a major thematic issue throughout Ovid’s Theban Cycle.

Presos políticos-exiliados: nuevas fuentes para la Historia de los opcionados durante la última dictadura militar en Argentina; Political prisoners-exiles: new sources for the History of the opcionados during the last military dictatorship in Argentina Jensen, Silvina Inés Este trabajo pretende iluminar el potencial de un conjunto de archivos estatales argentinos para el estudio de la opción como modalidad de exilio institucionalizado entre 1976 y 1983, en su articulación con otros dispositivos represivos, especialmente la prisión política. El trabajo se divide en dos partes. La primera reconstruye aquello que sabemos sobre los exilios bajo la forma de la opción y hace foco en las fuentes utilizadas por la primera historiografía exiliar (testimonios personales, materiales de organizaciones de Derechos Humanos y exiliares) para dar cuenta de la opción vivida y denunciada. La segunda que analiza las potencialidades y límites de un conjunto de fuentes estatales de reciente desclasifi cación, a saber: las Actas de las reuniones de la Junta Militar, los Decretos Secretos del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional y los fondos desclasifi cados del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. Intenta una aproximación a la opción legislada y gestionada por las agencias y poderes del Estado con propósitos coactivos, analizándola en el marco de otras prácticas y estrategias orientadas a la gestión punitiva del movimiento de habitantes y ciudadanos.; This work aims to illuminate the potential of a set of Argentina´s State archives for the study of the option as a modality of institutionalized exile between 1976 and 1983, in its articulation with other repressive mechanism, especially political prison. The work is divided in two parts. The fi rst reconstructs what we know about exiles in the form of the option and focuses on the sources used by the fi rst exile historiography (personal testimonies, materials of Human Rights organizations and exiles) to account for the option lived and denounced. The second that analyzes the potential and limits of a set of state sources of recent declassifi cation, namely: the Minutes of the meetings of the Argentina Military Junta, the Secret Decrees of the National Executive Power and the declassifi ed funds of the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs and Worship. Attempts to approximate the option legislated and managed by the agencies and powers of the State for coercive purposes, analysing it within the framework of other practices and strategies aimed at the punitive management of the movement of inhabitants and citizens.

Legume Seeds Treated by High Hydrostatic Pressure: Effect on Functional Properties of Flours Fernández Sosa, Eliana Isabel; Thompson, Cinthia María Belén; Chaves, María Graciela; Acevedo, Belén Andrea; Avanza, María Victoria Pigeon pea (PP), cowpea (CU), dolichos bean (DB), and jack bean (JB) are legumes that constitute the daily diet in many countries. Legumes are a good source of proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals. Considering that legumes present potentials to be used as ingredients for food formulation, the study of functional and physicochemical properties of flours obtained from legume seeds treated by high hydrostatic pressure treatment (HHPT) (200, 400, 600 MPa) was conducted. Flours were evaluated for polypeptide composition (SDS-PAGE), fluorescence spectroscopy, color, protein solubility (PS), water-holding capacity (WHC), oil-holding capacity (OHC), emulsion activity (EA), emulsion stability (ES), foaming capacity (FC), foaming stability (FS), and least gelation concentration (LGC). PS of PP, CU, and DB diminished with the increase of pressure and only CU showed an increase of PS (7–40%) at the isoelectric point. WHC of PP, CU, and DB varied with the pressure applied; however, WHC of JB was not modified by HHPT as we observed in lambda max fluorescence-emission values and PS. Only PP showed an increment of OHC at 400 and 600 MPa. EA of PP was not affected by HPPT, while DB and JB showed a decrease. ES of CU, DB, and JB was not affected by HHPT. FC of PP, DB, and JB diminished with the increase of pressure. FS of DB and CU (400 MPa) was improved and continued for 120 min. LGC values and the equilibrium moisture content of flours were not influenced by HHPT, but the last decreased with the increase of temperature. Moisture sorption isotherms of flours fitted adequately to H-H equation covering the practical range of water activity (0.10–0.90) at the three temperatures tested. High pressure processed flours of PP, CU, DB, and JB showed functional properties that could be useful for food formulation.

Operaciones y estructuras de la práctica teórica. Una exploración a partir del caso de la teoría de los sistemas sociales de Niklas Luhmann; Operations and structures of theoretical practice. An exploration based on the case of Niklas Luhmann's; Operações e estruturas da prática teórica. Uma exploração a partir do caso da teoria dos sistemas sociais de Niklas Luhmann Gonnet, Juan Pablo; Torres Castaños, Esteban En la actualidad, la construcción teórica aparece como una práctica cada vez más alejada del horizonte de trabajo de las ciencias sociales en América Latina. Esta se muestra como un esfuerzo prescindible en las dinámicas de investigación social. En el presente artículo se ponen en evidencia ciertas dificultades que tienen las ciencias sociales para dar respuestas adecuadas a los problemas que presenta la realidad social en nuestra región. En el mejor de los casos tenemos análisis parciales sobre fenómenos sociales particulares cuya conexión e interacción con otros procesos no son desarrolladas. En este contexto problemático, consideramos relevante preguntarnos cómo se elabora o construye teoría social o sociológica. Ciertamente, sobre esta temática se ha dicho mucho en el campo de la reflexión epistemológica y metodológica. Sin embargo, estas perspectivas se tornan estériles cuando el problema que se nos presenta no tiene tanto que ver con las condiciones de validación y legitimación de una teoría, sino que remite, más elementalmente, a sus condiciones de posibilidad. Ahora bien, tampoco creemos que sea adecuado sostener un conjunto de especulaciones acerca del modo en que imaginamos que se crea o emerge una teoría; sobre lo cual también es posible detectar bastante literatura. Para evitar esto, entendemos que resulta necesario dirigir la mirada hacia las prácticas teóricas mismas, es decir, atender al modo en que los pensadores de nuestro campo han construido sus perspectivas teóricas. Para este artículo, a modo de exploración, hemos tomado como referente la teoría sociológica de Niklas Luhmann, especialmente, su libro Sistemas sociales. Nuestro objetivo es identificar en el texto operaciones, estrategias y recursos mediante los cuales el autor presenta su discurso teórico y lo hace reconocible como tal en el seno de una comunidad académica y científica. Confiamos en que el reconocimiento de estas operaciones constructivas estimule la elaboración teórica en las ciencias sociales, a partir de un mejoramiento en la comprensión de qué es la teoría y cómo se teoriza. Palabras clave: construcción teórica, estructuras sociales, práctica teórica, sociología de la sociología, teoría de los sistemas sociales, teoría social.; Today, theoretical construction appears to be a practice that is increasingly distanced from the work horizon of the social sciences in Latin America, and as a non-essential effort in the dynamics of social research. The article evinces certain difficulties faced by the social sciences when trying to give adequate responses to the problems posed by social reality in our region. In the best of cases, we have partial analyses on specific social phenomena, whose connection and interrelation with other processes is not elaborated on. In this problematic context, we consider it relevant to ask ourselves how social or sociological theory is constructed or developed. Clearly, much has been said about this issue in epistemological and methodological reflections. However, these perspectives are fruitless when the problem we are facing does not have that much to do with the conditions for validation or legitimization of a theory, as with the more fundamental question of its conditions of possibility. We do not consider it adequate either to uphold a series of speculations regarding how we imagine a theory emerges or is created, something that is also frequent in the existing literature. In order to avoid this, we believe it is necessary to focus on theoretical practices themselves, that is, attend to the manner in which thinkers in our field have built their theoretical perspectives. For purposes of this article and with an exploratory purpose, we have taken as referent Niklas Luhmann’s sociological theory, especially his book Social Systems. Our objective is to identify in the text the operations, strategies, and resources through which the author presents his theoretical discourse and makes it recognizable within the academic and scientific community. We hope that the recognition of these constructive operations stimulates theoretical elaboration in the social sciences, on the basis of an improved understanding of what theory is and theorizing takes place. Keywords: theoretical construction, social structures, theoretical practice, sociology of sociology, theory of social systems, social theory.; Na atualidade, a construção teórica aparece como uma prática cada vez mais afastada do horizonte de trabalho das ciências sociais na América Latina. Essa prática é um esforço prescindível nas dinâmicas de pesquisa social. Neste artigo, colocam-se em evidência certas dificuldades que as ciências sociais têm para dar respostas adequadas aos problemas que a realidade social apresenta em nossa região. No melhor dos casos, temos análises parciais sobre fenômenos sociais particulares cujas conexão e interação com outros processos não são desenvolvidos. Nesse contexto problemático, consideramos relevante perguntarmo-nos como se elabora ou como se constrói a teoria social ou sociológica. Certamente, sobre essa temática, muito já foi dito no campo da reflexão epistemológica e metodológica. Contudo, essas perspectivas se tornam estéreis quando o problema apresentado não se refere às condições de validação e legitimação de uma teoria, mas sim às suas condições de possibilidade. No entanto, também não acreditamos que seja adequado sustentar um conjunto de especulações sobre o modo que imaginamos que é criada ou que emerja uma teoria – sobre isso, também é possível encontrar bastante literatura. Para evitar isso, entendemos que é necessário dirigir o olhar às práticas teóricas em si, isto é, atender ao modo em que os pensadores de nosso campo têm construído suas perspectivas teóricas. Para este artigo, como forma de exploração, tomamos como referente a teoria sociológica de Niklas Luhmann, especialmente em seu livro Sistemas sociais. Nosso objetivo é identificar, no texto, operações, estratégias e recursos mediante os quais o autor apresenta seu discurso teórico e o torna reconhecível como tal no seio de uma comunidade acadêmica e científica. Acreditamos que o reconhecimento dessas operações construtivas estimule a elaboração teórica nas ciências sociais a partir de um aperfeiçoamento da compreensão do que é a teoria e de como se teoriza. Palavras-chave: construção teórica, estruturas sociais, prática teórica, sociologia da sociologia, teoria dos sistemas sociais, teoria social.

When the seeds go floating in: A salt marsh invasion Marbán, Leandro Martín; Zalba, Sergio Martín Biological invasions are one of the most important causes of global biodiversity loss. The human-mediated movement of species has increased significantly withglobalization and the expansion of international trade. Seaports have thus become the entry points for a variety of organisms transported with cargo, ballast water or as biofouling, and, therefore, coastal and marine habitats around the world have become especially vulnerable to this problem. Salsola soda L. (Amaranthaceae) is an annual halophytic plant, native to the Old World. Its presence beyond its native range was recorded for the first time in the mid-twentieth century in two estuarial habitats, on the Pacific coast in the United States and on the Atlantic coast of Argentina, becoming invasive at both sites. It grows as dense, practically monotypic populations, just above the high tide line. When S. soda colonizes the elevated zones where some colonial coastal birds nest, it causes them to move to lower adjacent sites, increasing theirexposure to the effect of tides and storms that can result in the loss of nests. To contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of the invasion and its projection, we assessed the production, viability and germination capacity of S. soda seed, analyzed the effects of different salt concentrations on its germination and measured its dispersal capacity by hydrochory. The species produces large quantities of fruit, exceeding 16,000 in larger plants. The percentage of germination is very high for young seed (almost 100% during the first five months after their release), decreasing to less than 10% a year later. The effects of salinity are almost negligible in NaCl solutions of to 300 mM, with a slight decrease in the germination rate at the higher salinities. Fruits can remain floating in seawater for up to a week, retaining a high germination capacity, so marine currents can be highly effective vectors for their dispersal. The biological features of Salsola soda make it a serious threat to the study site, in particular the production of large quantities of seed easily transportable by water and wind and capable of becoming established under typical marine coastal conditions, anticipating a high potential for expansion in this environment and in others nearby, and invading other similar coastal areas worldwide. On the other hand, its annual life cycle and the short survival time of its seeds could be key for the development of control and eradication actions in invaded sites.

Rotational double-beam piezoelectric energy harvester impacting against a stop Machado, Sebastián Pablo; Febbo, Mariano; Ramirez, Jose Miguel; Gatti, Claudio David In this paper, a low-frequency rotational piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed to operate out of resonance with the incorporation of a flexible stop. A numerical scheme is developed for the analysis of the contact problem of a harvester system impacting against a stop. The device consists of two flexible beams, two heavy masses joined by a linear spring and a single side spring stop. The purpose of the flexible stop is to limit the maximum displacement to preserve the structural integrity of the beams and to increase the harvested power in a low frequency range of operation (0.7–2.5 Hz). The rotational energy harvesting (REH) system vibrates at the frequency of the gravitational force, which acts as a periodic source and causes voltage generation by virtue of the piezoelectric effect. Contrary to what happens in most impact problems where the contact force increases with the acceleration of the base, in our prototype the contact force is maximum at the lowest rotation frequency. This feature makes it novel because it is proposed as an alternative solution for the problem of low energy generation at a very low excitation frequency. The prototype energy harvester, which is designed to provide energy to wireless autonomous monitoring systems in wind turbines of 30 KW with rotational speeds between 50–150 rpm, generates a rectified power of 102–845 μW. The efficiency of mechanical to electrical conversion for the prototype is about 80%.

Turismo y política turística. Un análisis teórico desde la ciencia política; Tourism and its policy. A theoretical analysis from the political science perspective Schenkel, Erica Natalia La investigación aborda a nivel teórico la significancia pública del turismo y las relaciones que se pro-ducen con la política turística como instrumento de los gobiernos para intervenir en su desarrollo. La originalidad en el planteamiento que se presenta se fundamenta en la adopción del análisis de política pública como perspectiva teórica, conciliando enfoques usualmente distantes, provenientes tanto del turismo como de la ciencia política. Transcurrido más de medio siglo de las primeras iniciativas estatales, aún no existe un acuerdo en torno a los enfoques sobre el estudio de la política turística y los campos de intereses de la misma: por un lado, se ha desarrollado un enfoque económico que la define como una política sectorial de la económica; y por otro, una perspectiva integral, que considera la política turística un campo multidisciplinar. El análisis refleja que la ciencia política emerge como una ciencia fundamental para el estudio del turismo, propiciando instrumentos metodológicos y concepciones que facilitan su entendimiento desde una perspectiva crítica.; The research deals at a theoretical level with the public significance of tourism and relations with tourism policy as an instrument of governments to intervene in their development. The originality in the approach is based on the adoption of public policy analysis as a theoretical perspective, reconciling approaches from both tourism and political science. After more than half a century of the first state initiatives, there is not yet a agreement on approaches to the study of tourism policy and its fields of interest: on the one hand, an economic approach has been developed that defines it as a sectoral economic policy; and on the other, an integral perspective, which considers tourism policy a multidisciplinary field. The analysis shows that political science emerges as a fundamental science for the study of tourism, providing methodological instruments and concepts that facilitate their understanding from a critical perspective.

Trend-cycles of vegetation dynamics as a tool for land degradation assessment and monitoring Easdale, Marcos Horacio; Fariña, Clara María; Hara, Sofía María; Pérez León, Natalia; Umaña, Fernando Javier; Tittonell, Pablo; Bruzzone, Octavio Augusto The use of time series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), obtained from satellite sensors has become frequent in studies for land degradation assessment and monitoring. Linear trends of NDVI are usually considered as indicators of vegetation dynamics and widely used as proxies for land degradation. Yet, long-term trends of NDVI often exhibit unidirectional (monotonic) but also cyclic (non-monotonic) dynamics, including mid-term oscillations, both of which are poorly captured by linear trends. Trend-cycle is a time series analysis that represents a smoothed version of a seasonally adjusted time series, which provides information on long-term movements while including changes in direction underlying the series. We assessed NDVI trend-cycles in Patagonia (Argentina) as proxies for land dynamics, integrating trend and medium-term cycles (>4 years). We used MODIS images between years 2000 and mid-2018; trend-cycles were analysed using the Basis Pursuit method. We observed that trend-cycles explained a significant portion of total temporal variability (reaching almost 20%), from which most patterns were explained by non-monotonic behaviour. We identified five major patterns in vegetation dynamics: decreasing (0.1% of area), increasing (0.6%), recovery (48.8%), relapsing (36.8%) and no trend-cycle (13.8%). Contrary to what is generally seen in the literature, monotonic patterns and particularly decreasing trend-cycles were marginally recorded in the last 18 years of NDVI records in Patagonia. Instead, the greater proportion of the area was classified as initial or advanced recovery and initial relapsing patterns, which refer to phases of a cyclic behaviour. We call for the need to revisit the conceptualization of land degradation assessment by means of remote sensing, and to critically review the ability of linear trends to reflect vegetation dynamics. Finally, we discuss the potential use of trend-cycle as a tool to monitor land dynamics and progress towards land degradation neutrality.

New records and range expansion for Paspalum procurrens and P. volcanense in northwestern Argentina and southeastern Bolivia Glücksberg, Adriana; Martínez, Eric Javier; Honfi, Ana Isabel; Maldonado, Carla Carolina; Hojsgaard, Diego Hernan Paspalum procurrens Quarin and P. volcanense Zuloaga, Morrone & Denham are two rare species of South Americangrasses inhabiting geographically restricted areas which are exposed to ecological degradation due to landscapetransformation and biodiversity losses. We present new records for these species, from the provinces of Jujuy, Salta,Tucumán and Catamarca (Argentina) and departments of Tarija, Chuquisaca, and Santa Cruz (Bolivia). New geographicdistribution maps and the biological relevance of these findings are discussed pinpointing the need for imperativeand assiduous botanical explorations in biodiversity hotspots sensible to the impact of human activities. Ploidylevels in these two species are studied.

Burkholderia cepacia complex: 11 years of surveillance in patients with cystic fibrosis in Posadas, Argentina; Complejo Burkholderia cepacia: 11 años de vigilancia en pacientes con fibrosis quística en Posadas, Argentina Martina, Pablo F.; Martínez, Mónica Elisabeth; Rivas, Sebastian; Leguizamón, Lorena; Von Specht, Martha Helena; Ferreras, Julian Alberto Los pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ) con infecciones pulmonares causadas por especies del complejo Burkholderia cepacia tienen una alta morbimortalidad. En todo el mundo, esta enfermedad está experimentando cambios epidemiológicos sustanciales. Los avances en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento han condicionado un aumento en la supervivencia infantil, así como en la proporción de adultos afectados. Para conocer nuestra realidad, nos referimos a un estudio epidemiológico en 64 pacientes con FQ durante 11 años de vigilancia, focalizando las infecciones causadas por especies del género Burkholderia. Se aplicaron pruebas fenotípicas convencionales y automatizadas, polimorfismo de longitud de fragmentos de restricción-recA, secuenciación del gen recA y espectrometría de masa MALDI-TOF. Los aislados bacterianos también se analizaron para determinar los patrones de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. La prevalencia de complejo B. cepacia fue del 9,4%. Con base en la secuenciación del gen recA, las especies más comunes identificadas fueron Burkholderia cenocepacia (67,3%) y Burkholderia vietnamiensis (20,3%). Ceftazidima y meropenem fueron los antibióticos más activos e inhibieron el 53 y el 46% de los aislamientos, respectivamente. Este informe representa el primer estudio sistemático de las infecciones por Burkholderia en nuestra población desde el comienzo de la monitorización y el tratamiento, y resalta la importancia de continuar los estudios de vigilancia longitudinales.; Cystic fibrosis patients with Burkholderia cepacia complex pulmonary infections havehigh morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, this disease is undergoing substantial epidemiologicalchanges. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment have conditioned an increase in child survivalas well as in the proportion of affected adults. In order to know our reality, we refer toan epidemiological study in 64 CF patients during 11 years of surveillance, focusing on infectionscaused by Burkholderia species. Conventional and automated phenotypic tests, restrictionfragment length polymorphism-recA, recA gene sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorptionionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry were applied. Bacterial isolateswere also tested for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The prevalence of Burkholderia cepaciacomplex was 9.4%. Based on recA gene sequencing, the most common species identifiedwere Burkholderia cenocepacia (67.3%) and Burkholderia vietnamiensis (20.3%). Ceftazidimeand meropenem were the most active, inhibiting 53% and 46% of isolates, respectively. Thisreport represents the first systematic study of Burkholderia infections in our CF population sincebeginning of monitoring and treatment and highlights the importance of continued longitudinalstudies.

Evaluación de pastizales patagónicos con imágenes de satélites y de vehículos aéreos no tripulados; Complementing satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles for rangeland assessment in Patagonia Easdale, Marcos Horacio; Umaña, Fernando Javier; Raffo, Fernando; Fariña, Clara María; Bruzzone, Octavio Augusto La evaluación de pastizales en regiones áridas y semiáridas es una herramienta clave tanto para planificar el manejo ganadero como para realizar diagnósticos ambientales. Si bien hay un consenso sobre la utilidad de dicha herramienta en la Patagonia, es muy costoso evaluar pastizales que tengan mucho detalle (grano) y, a la vez, cubrir amplias zonas o paisajes (extensión). Por esta razón, compatibilizar la resolución y la calidad de la información con la extensión espacial que se requiere para tomar decisiones en sistemas ganaderos todavía es un desafío operativo sin solución efectiva. En este sentido, en las últimas dos décadas, el uso de imágenes satelitales para evaluar pastizales fue en aumento. Los desarrollos asociados a la captura de imágenes mediante el uso de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (VANT) ofrecerían ventajas como complemento de información, dado que incrementan sensiblemente la resolución espacial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue clasificar ambientes de pastizal mediante el uso de imágenes satelitales y de VANT, y comparar sus respectivas contribuciones para evaluar pastizales en la Patagonia. En particular, se comparó la resolución espacial de una clasificación no supervisada de ambientes utilizando imágenes satelitales SPOT 7 e imágenes capturadas por un sensor óptico montado en un VANT. El estudio de los pastizales se podría potenciar con el uso de distintas fuentes de información de manera complementaria y accesible para el seguimiento de ambientes y para la planificación del manejo del pastoreo en ambientes muy heterogéneos en regiones áridas y semiáridas de la Patagonia, Argentina.; Rangelands assessment in arid and semiarid regions is a key tool both for livestock management planning and environmental diagnoses. Even though there is a consensus on the utility of such tools, rangeland assessment with high detail (grain) while covering large areas or landscapes (extension) is too costly. Then, the compatibility between the resolution and quality of information and the spatial extent required to make decisions in livestock systems is still an operational challenge that has not found an effective solution. Thus, the use of satellite images for rangeland assessments in different environments has been growing steadily in the last two decades. The developments associated with the capture of images using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) would offer many advantages as a complement to information, since they increase the spatial resolution. The aim of this work was to classify rangeland environments using satellite and UAV images and compare their respective contributions for rangeland assessments in Patagonia. In particular, spatial resolution of an unsupervised classification of rangeland environments using SPOT 7 satellite images and images captured by an optical sensor mounted on an UAV were compared. Rangeland assessment can be potentiated by the use of different sources of information in a more complementary and accessible way for environmental monitoring, and for a pastoral management planning in highly heterogeneous environments from arid and semiarid regions of Patagonia, Argentina.

Caracterización microtopográfica e influencia de las costras biológicas en la rugosidad del suelo en el centro-oeste de la Argentina; Microtopographic characterization and influence of biological soil crusts on the roughness of the soil in the center-west of Argentina Navas Romero, Ana Laura; Herrera Moratta, Mario Andres; Martinez Carretero, Eduardo Enrique; Fernandez Belmonte, María Cecilia; Duplancic Videla, María Andrea del Carmen La influencia de las costras biológicas del suelo (CBS) en la rugosidad del suelo es una importante función de estas comunidades a nivel ecosistémico. Nuestros objetivos fueron caracterizar microtopográficamente los tipos de CBS y evaluar su efecto en la rugosidad del suelo en tres sistemas diferenciados por su grado de aridez.M&M: El microrelieve de las CBS y su influencia en la rugosidad se evaluaron en tres sistemas: semiárido, árido, e hiperárido; mediante técnicas diferentes y complementarias: método de la cadena, análisis fotográfico y técnica de las varillas metálicas. Para la primera se empleó un diseño en bloque, mientras que paras las otras dos se trabajó sobre los tipos de CBS dominantes en cada sistema.Resultados: La morfología de las CBS varió según el tipo de organismo dominante. Los musgos tuvieron una baja altura clasificándose como ?suavemente ondulados?, las cianobacterias tuvieron picos más abruptos, clasificándose como ?pinaculadas? y los líquenes tuvieron dos frecuencias de alturas clasificándose como ?rodante?. Las CBS influyeron en la rugosidad en los tres sitios evaluados. El sitio hiperárido fue donde tuvieron mayor impacto las CBS en la rugosidad. El tipo de CBS que dominó influyó en el nivel de rugosidad hallado. Conclusiones: Las variaciones microtopográficas y el incremento en la rugosidad proporcionada por las CBS es clave en la dinámica del Monte debido a que pequeñas interrupciones sobre el terreno podrían incrementar la disponibilidad de agua y disminuir las pérdidas de nutrientes por erosión, dos aspectos fundamentales del funcionamiento de estos sistemas.; The influence of biological soil crusts (BSC) on soil roughness is an important function of these communities at the ecosystem level. Our objective was to characterize microtopographically the different types of BSC and evaluate their effect on the roughness of the soil along three systems differentiated by their degree of aridity. M&M: The microrelief and roughness were evaluated in three systems: semi-arid, arid, and hyper-arid; by different and complementary techniques: chain method, photographic analysis and technique of metal rods. For the first one, a block design was used, while for the other two, we worked on the types of dominant biological crusts in each system. Results: The morphology of the BSC varied according to the type of dominant organism. The mosses had a low height and were classified as “gently undulating”, the cyanobacteria had more abrupt peaks, and was classified as “pinnacled”, and the lichens had two height frequencies and were classified as “rolling”. The BSC influenced the roughness in the three sites evaluated. The type of BSC that dominated influenced the level of roughness found. The hyper-arid site was the site where the BSC had the most significant impact on roughness. Conclusions: The microtopographic variations and the increase in roughness provided by the BSC is key to understanding the dynamics of the Monte because small interruptions on the soil such as those generated by the BSC could increase water availability and decrease nutrient losses by erosion, two fundamental aspects of the functioning of these fragile systems.

Lasiurus varius (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) Ossa, Gonzalo; Díaz, María Mónica; Barquez, Ruben Marcos Lasiurus varius (Poeppig, 1835) is a vespertilionid bat commonly known as Chilean red bat or cinnamon red bat. L. variusis characterized by its deep reddish coloration without frosted appearance, and by the uropatagium covered with long hairs that extend beyond the trailing edge, which clearly distinguishes it from the other species in the genus. The distribution of this rare species is re-stricted to the southern parts of Argentina and Chile.

Nivaĉle (shichaam lhavos variety) Gutiérrez, Analía This article illustrates de phonological inventory of Nivacle (shichaam lhavos variety) with sound files recorded by the author in the field. Besides presenting and discussing the segmental properties found in this regional variety, an analysis of the phonological properties and prosodic structure of the language is advanced.

Single spin resonance driven by electric modulation of the g-factor anisotropy Ferrón, Alejandro; Rodriguez, Santiago Agustín; Gomez, Sergio Santiago; Lado, Jose Luis; Fernandez Rossier, Joaquín We address the problem of electronic and nuclear spin resonance of an individual atom on a surface driven by a scanning tunneling microscope. Several mechanisms have been proposed so far, some of them based on the modulation of exchange and crystal field associated with a piezoelectric displacement of the adatom driven by the radio frequency (RF) tip electric field. Here we consider another mechanism, where the piezoelectric displacement modulates the g -factor anisotropy, leading both to electronic and nuclear spin flip transitions. We discuss thoroughly the cases of hydrogenated Ti ( S = 1 / 2 ) and Fe ( S = 2 ) on MgO, relevant for recent experiments. We model the system using two approaches. First, an analytical model that includes crystal field, spin orbit coupling, and hyperfine interactions. Second, we carry out density-functional-based calculations. We find that the modulation of the anisotropy of the g tensor due to the piezoelectric displacement of the atom is an additional mechanism for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)-based single spin resonance that would be effective in S = 1 / 2 adatoms with large spin orbit coupling. In the case of hydrogenated Ti on MgO, we predict a modulation spin resonance frequency driven by the DC electric field of the tip.

Distinctive features of bovine alphaherpesvirus types 1 and 5 and the virus-host interactions that might influence clinical outcomes Marin, Maia Solange; Burucúa, Mercedes María; Rensetti, Daniel Ernesto; Rosales Hurtado, Juan José; Odeón, Anselmo; Perez, Sandra Bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are two closely related alpha-herpesviruses. BoHV-1 causes several syndromes in cattle, including respiratory disease and sporadic cases of encephalitis, whereas BoHV-5 is responsible for meningoencephalitis in calves. Although both viruses are neurotropic they differ in their neuropathogenic potential. This review summarizes the findings on the specific mechanisms and pathways known to modulate the pathogenesis of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, particularly in relation with respiratory and neurological syndromes, which characterize the infections by each virus, respectively.