Se um marciano numa tarde de domingo: a realidade latino-americana nas páginas da Revista Veja; Si un marciano en un domingo por la tarde: la realidad latinoamericana en las páginas de la Revista Veja (1969-1974) Duarte de Oliveira, Lucas Augusto No presente trabalho trataremos de analisar as publicações da revista Veja a respeito da realidade latinoamericana entre maio de 1969 e dezembro de 1974. Nos mais de 200 números publicados nesse período, as diversasreferências à América Latina aparecem distribuídas em comentários sobre o cotidiano dos governantes, a adoção depolíticas econômicas de diversas naturezas, anedotas esportivas e culturais. Em quase todos eles há algum tipo de alusãoao subcontinente. Assim, procuraremos interpretar as visões de mundo difundidas pelo semanário no referido material.Nossa hipótese é de que a argumentação da revista a respeito do subcontinente latino-americano manteve, ao longo dosprimeiros anos da década de 70, uma profunda conexão com as premissas da Doutrina de Segurança Nacional.

Doblemente desaparecidos: servicio militar, pobreza y represión en la frontera patagónica durante la última dictadura argentina; Doubly-missing people: military service, poverty, and repression on the Patagonian border during the last Argentine dictatorship; Duplamente desaparecidos: serviço militar, pobreza e repressão na fronteira patagônica durante a última ditadura argentina Mereb, Marina Ayelen En las últimas décadas, la lucha de los organismos de derechos humanos en Argentina ha logrado importantes avances judiciales y de políticas públicas vinculadas a la memoria, la verdad y la justicia respecto de las atrocidades cometidas bajo el terrorismo de Estado. Actualmente, asistimos a la pretensión oficial de reinstalar el discurso negacionista, ante lo cual, desde el campo académico, la historia oral y los estudios sobre memorias permiten iluminar aspectos novedosos que demuestran la falacia de dicho discurso, a la vez que enriquecen la mirada sobre ese pasado que no pasa. Desde esta perspectiva, y basado en testimonios orales y documentos de archivo, este artículo aborda el caso de Héctor Domingo Inalef, detenido en El Bolsón por supuesta deserción al servicio militar en 1976 y desde entonces “desaparecido” hasta reencontrarse con su familia en 2014. Hijo mayor y principal sostén económico de una familia mapuche tradicionalmente dedicada al acopio y acarreo de leña, su historia abona la reflexión sobre la desaparición forzada en nuestro país, la superposición de la represión con las marcas de la desigualdad social, y las implicancias políticas y memoriales de la pobreza y la ruralidad en la frontera patagónica, tanto en tiempos dictatoriales como democráticos.; In recent decades, the struggle of human rights organizations in Argentina has made major judicial and public policy advances linked to memory, truth, and justice regarding the atrocities committed under State terrorism. Currently, we witness the official aspiration to reinstall the denialist discourse, whereby, starting from the academic field, oral history and studies on memories allow us to illuminate novel aspects that demonstrate the fallacy of such a discourse, while enriching the look on this past that does not get over. From this perspective, and based on oral testimonies and archival documents, this article addresses the case of Héctor Domingo Inalef, detained in El Bolsón for alleged desertion from military service in 1976 and since then ‘missing’ until he met his family again in 2014. Eldest son and main economic support of a Mapuche family traditionally dedicated to the collection and carrying of firewood, his history improves the reflection on forced disappearance in our country, the overlap of repression with the marks of social inequality, and the political and memorial implications of poverty and rurality on the Patagonian border, both in dictatorial and democratic times.; Nas últimas décadas, a luta das organizações de direitos humanos na Argentina fez grandes avanços judiciais e de políticas públicas vinculadas à memória, verdade e justiça em relação às atrocidades cometidas sob o terrorismo de Estado. Atualmente, testemunhamos a aspiração oficial de reinstalar o discurso negacionista, segundo o qual, a partir do campo acadêmico, a história oral e os estudos sobre memórias permitem que iluminemos novos aspectos que demonstram a falácia de tal discurso, enquanto enriquecem o olhar sobre esse passado sem fim. A partir dessa perspectiva, e com base em testemunhos orais e documentos de arquivo, este artigo trata do caso de Héctor Domingo Inalef, detido em El Bolsón por suposta deserção do serviço militar em 1976 e desde então “desaparecido” até se reunir com sua família em 2014. Filho mais velho e principal suporte econômico de uma família mapuche tradicionalmente dedicada à coleta e ao transporte de lenha, sua história aprimora a reflexão sobre o desaparecimento forçado em nosso país, a sobreposição da repressão com as marcas da desigualdade social e as implicações políticas e memoriais da pobreza e da ruralidade na fronteira da Patagônia, tanto em tempos ditatoriais quanto democráticos.

Extraction of Mn from black copper using iron oxides from tailings and Fe2+ as reducing agents in acid medium Pérez, Kevin; Toro, Norman; Campos, Eduardo; González, Javier; Jeldres, Ricardo I.; Nazer, Amin; Rodriguez, Mario Humberto Exotic type deposits include several species of minerals, such as atacamite, chrysocolla, copper pitch, and copper wad. Among these, copper pitch and copper wad have considerable concentrations of manganese. However, their non-crystalline and amorphous structure makes it challenging to recover the elements of interest (like Cu or Mn) by conventional hydrometallurgical methods. For this reason, black copper ores are generally not incorporated into the extraction circuits or left unprocessed, whether in stock, leach pads, or waste. Therefore, to dilute MnO2, the use of reducing agents is essential. In the present research, agitated leaching was performed to dissolve Mn of black copper in an acidic medium, comparing the use of ferrous ions and tailings as reducing agents. Two samples of black copper were studied, of high and low grade of Mn, respectively, the latter with a high content of clays. The effect on the reducing agent/black copper ratio and the concentration of sulfuric acid in the system were evaluated. Better results in removing Mn were achieved using the highest-grade black copper sample when working with ferrous ions at a ratio of Fe2+/black copper of 2/1 and 1 mol/L of sulfuric acid. Besides, the low-grade sample induced a significant consumption of H2SO4 due to the high presence of gangue and clays.

Evidence of local adaptation and stabilizing selection on quantitative traits in populations of the multipurpose American species Acacia aroma (Fabaceae) Pometti, Carolina Luciana; Bessega, Cecilia Fabiana; Cialdella, Ana Maria; Ewens, Mauricio; Saidman, Beatriz Ofelia; Vilardi, Juan Cesar Economically and ecologically important quantitative traits of Acacia aroma are related to life history and the size and shape of fruits and leaves. Substantial variation is observed for these traits in natural populations, suggesting a possible genetic basis that could be useful for selection programmes. Our objective was to detect signals of selection on 12 phenotypic traits in 170 individuals belonging to seven populations of A. aroma in the Chaco Region of Argentina. Phenotypic traits were compared with molecular markers assessed in the same populations. Here, we search for signatures of natural selection by comparing quantitative trait variation to neutral genetic variation through the PST-FST test. We further test for differences among populations for the 12 phenotypic traits, an association of phenotypic variation with environmental variables and geographical distance, and we compare the power of discrimination between the phenotypic and AFLP datasets. The PST-FST test suggested directional selection for tree height and stabilizing selection for the remaining traits. Analyses of variance showed significant differentiation for eight phenotypic traits. These results suggest selecting among provenances as a management strategy to improve tree height (which showed divergent selection), whereas significant genetic gain for the other traits might be obtained by selection within provenances.

Elecciones, cuotas de género y paridad en la Argentina Tula, María Inés En la Argentina, el 23 de noviembre de 2017 y con una votación ampliamente favorable en la Cámara de Dipu­tados, el Congreso Nacional aprobó la ley 27.412, denominada "de Paridad de Género en Ámbitos de Representación Política" por la que estableció que las listas de postulantes a cargos de dipu­tados, senadores, parlamentarios del Mercosur y autoridades partidarias deberán presentarse "ubicando de manera intercalada a mujeres y varones desde el/la primer/a candidato/a titular hasta el/la último/a candidato/a suplente". Con la sanción de esta regla, la Argentina se sumó a Ecuador (2008) Bolivia (2009/2010), Costa Rica (2009), Nicaragua (2012) y México (2014) entre los países latinoamericanos con reglas electorales de paridad para elecciones generales. En 2012, Honduras y Panamá aprobaron paridad solo para elecciones internas, luego modificadas en 2017 para extender su alcance en elecciones generales. No obstante, ambas presentan dificultades para hacerlas efectivas por la interpretación que se realiza sobre su aplicabilidad. Este trabajo aborda la coyuntura al momento de su aprobación como también algunas líneas generales sobre dificultades y consecuencias de su implementación. Porque, como otras reglas electorales que promueven la ampliación de la participación política de las mujeres, la eficacia de la paridad está condicionada por: i) el contexto político electoral en el que se pone en vigencia como, por ejemplo, la visibilidad y éxito de candidatas en votaciones precedentes, el tipo de competencia partidaria y ii) las características generales de su diseño donde tanto la inclusión de un mandato de posición como su cumplimiento estén garantizados con sanciones efectivas de la autoridad electoral competente.

Academic Achievement of College Students: The role of the Positive Personality Model de la Iglesia, Guadalupe; Castro Solano, Alejandro This research aimed at testing an explicative model of academic achievement of college students. Positive personality traits were hypothesized as the main predictors. Mental health and academic adjustment were tested as mediator variables. This model intended to reflect the main hypothesis that academic achievement is multi-determined and non-intellectual variables play an important role in explaining it. Sample was composed of 256 college students of different majors. The results obtained highlighted the importance of differentiating subjective and objective academic achievement in terms of academic adjustment (AA) and grade point average (GPA), respectively. The explicative model that included positive traits as background variables confirmed the mediating role of mental health and AA in explaining GPA. Sprightliness was the most important predictor of academic achievement in comparison to the other positive traits studied. It is concluded that positive personality traits play an important role in academic outcomes.

Electronic heat transport versus atomic heating in irradiated short metallic nanowires Grossi, Joás Santiago; Kohanoff, Jorge Jose; Todorov, T. N.; Artacho, Emilio; Bringa, Eduardo Marcial The twoerature model (TTM) is commonly used to represent the energy exchange between atoms and electrons in materials under irradiation. In this work we use the TTM coupled to molecular dynamics (TTM-MD) to study swift heavy ion irradiation of Au and W finite nanowires. While no permanent structural modifications are observed in bulk, nanowires behave in a different way depending on thermal conductivity and the electron-phonon coupling parameter. Au is a good heat conductor and it does not transfer energy from electrons to phonons too efficiently. Therefore, energy is quickly carried away from the track so that both electronic and lattice temperatures remain quite uniform across the sample at all times. W has a lower thermal conductivity and a larger electron-phonon coupling, thus supporting an inhomogeneous lattice temperature profile with temperatures well above melting lasting several picoseconds in the irradiated region. Both W and Au nanowires display radiation-induced surface roughening. However, in the case of W there is also sputtering and the formation of a hole in the central part of the wire, purely due to the energy transferred to the atoms by the electrons. The physical mechanisms underlying these findings are rationalized in terms of a combination of sputtering, vacancy formation, and melt flow phenomena. The role of the electron-phonon coupling parameter g is analyzed.

High ecomorphological diversity among Early Cretaceous frogs from a large subtropical wetland of Iberia; Grande diversité écomorphologique chez les anoures du Crétacé inférieur d’une vaste zone humide subtropicale d’Ibérie Gomez, Raul Orencio; Lires, Andrés Ignacio Anurans are extremely diverse amphibians with a unique Bauplan, whose origin, early ecomorphological diversification, and adaptive significance remain elusive. Their early fossil record is improving at an accelerated pace worldwide, but its contribution to these issues is still wanting. Here we explore ecomorphological diversity among Early Cretaceous (Barremian) frogs that inhabited a large subtropical wetland from Iberia by inferring locomotor abilities with a phylogenetic flexible discriminant analysis on data from limb proportions, which strongly correlate with locomotion. The results show a remarkable diversity among these frogs when compared with the extant diversity from this region and from tropical and subtropical wetland assemblages worldwide, encompassing miniature to medium-size jumpers and dedicated swimmers with more extreme proportions than extant ‘archeobatrachians,’ but also more generalized jumping and/or swimming forms. This agrees with the inferred wetland paleoenvironment and the hypothesis regarding early frogs as small poor jumpers or swimmers that evolved their peculiar Bauplan in aquatic environments.; Les Anoures sont des amphibiens extrêmement divers, avec un Bauplan unique, dont l’origine, la diversification écomorphologique première et la signification adaptative restent vagues. Leurs premiers enregistrements fossiles s’améliorent à un rythme accéléré dans le monde entier, mais leur contribution à ces problèmes fait toujours défaut. Ici, nous explorons la diversité écomorphologique chez les anoures du Crétacé inférieur (Barrémien) qui vivaient dans une vaste zone humide subtropicale de la péninsule Ibérique, et en déduisons les capacités locomotrices à l’aide d’une analyse discriminante flexible phylogénétique à partir de données sur les proportions des membres, fortement corrélées à la locomotion. Les résultats montrent une diversité remarquable parmi ces anoures par rapport à la diversité existante de cette région et à celle d’assemblages de zones humides tropicales et subtropicales du monde entier , cette diversité englobant des sauteurs de taille minuscule à moyenne et des nageurs dédiés, avec des proportions plus extrêmes que celles des « archéobatraciens » existants, mais aussi avec des formes sauteuses et/ou nageuses plus généralisées. Ceci est en accord avec le paléoenvironnement de zone humide inféré et l’hypothèse selon laquelle les premiers anoures sont de petits et médiocres sauteurs ou nageurs qui ont développé leur propre Bauplan dans des environnements aquatiques.

State of charge monitoring of Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles using GP filtering Avila, Luis Omar; Errecalde, Marcelo Luis; Serra, Federico Martin; Martínez, Ernesto Carlos Electric vehicles are dependent on onboard battery management systems that protect the battery from functioning outside its safe operating limits by monitoring its state of charge (SOC). Advanced online monitoring techniques are required so that the performance of the energy management is not lowered severely. However, the behavior of batteries is difficult to be predicted online because of its nonlinearity, intrinsic variability and fluctuating environmental conditions. Gaussian Process (GP)-Bayesian filters are based on probabilistic non-parametric Gaussian models of hidden states using available measurements. As a result, model response variability can be explicitly incorporated into the prediction and measurement steps, which is usually not the case for more traditional filtering strategies that resort to parametric models for state estimation. In this work, GP models were incorporated into nonparametric filtering techniques to monitor the battery SOC online. Results show that Bayes’ filtering techniques increase the predictability of the SOC under uncertainty about the effect of environmental conditions on the SOC.

Perspectiva histórica de la metáfora del concepto jurídico de persona: Etimología e ideas en la Antigüedad; Historical Perspective of the Metaphor of the Legal Concept of Person: Etymology and Ideas in Antiquity; Perspectiva histórica da metáfora do conceito jurídico de pessoa: Etimologia e ideias na Antiguidade Lell, Helga María Este trabajo aborda la manera como el concepto jurídico de persona se construye sobre una metáfora antigua que lo relaciona con la metáfora teatral, la cual representa un personaje, y las diferentes interpretaciones que sobre esta noción se han dado en la Antigüedad occidental, y a las que otras concepciones filosóficas han llegado en la actualidad. En particular, el objetivo es señalar que el vocablo no es claro y que, si hoy en día se lo vincula con la idea de humanidad y con ciertas exigencias, ello radica en la evolución semántica del término. En tal sentido, aquí se espera efectuar una breve sistematización de ideas que colaboren en la comprensión de los cambios semánticos.; This paper deals with how the legal concept of person is built on an old metaphor related to the theatrical mask —the performance of a role—, and the various interpretations of this notion in Western antiquity and at which other philosophical conceptions have arrived today. Particularly, the objective is to point out that the word is not clear and that, if it is currently linked to the idea of humanity and certain demands, it is due to the semantic evolution of the term. In this regard, a brief systematization of ideas is presented in order to contribute to the understanding of semantic changes.; Este trabalho aborda a maneira na qual o sujeito jurídico de pessoa é construído sobre uma metáfora antiga que o relaciona com a metáfora teatral, a qual representa uma personagem, e as diferentes interpretações dadas acerca dessa noção na Antiguidade ocidental, e as que outras concepções filosóficas têm dado na atualidade. Em particular, o objetivo é indicar que o vocábulo não é claro e que, se hoje em dia é vinculado com a ideia de humanidade e com certas exigências, isso radica na evolução semântica do termo. Nesse sentido, neste texto, espera-se realizar uma sistematização de ideias que colaborem na compreensão das mudanças semânticas.

Evaluation of the effect of Gleditsia amorphoides gum on the properties of the rennet-induced milk protein gels Galante, Micaela; Boeris, Valeria; Risso, Patricia Hilda The study and characterisation of food gels obtained from phase-separated systems has gained interest since a wide variety of gel structures and textures can be developed. In this study, the phase and rheological behaviour of milk protein/espina corona gum (MP/ECG) mixtures were evaluated. These mixtures presented a segregative phase separation and a rheological behaviour proportional to the ECG concentration. Microstructural analysis, textural parameters and water-holding capacity of gels obtained from MP/ECG mixed systems using rennet as gelling agent were determined. At high ECG concentrations (≥0.05%, w/v), the gel microstructure changed from a coarse strand to a bicontinous microstructure. Such microstructural changes affected the textural parameters, firmness and break point, and the water-holding capacity of the gels. The results obtained in this work could be explained by the interplay between the segregative interaction of the biopolymers and the rennet-induced gelation rate.

Combined therapy with Benznidazole and repurposed drugs Clofazimine and Benidipine for chronic Chagas disease Sbaraglini, Maria Laura; Bellera, Carolina Leticia; Quarroz Braghini, Juan; Areco, Yésica; Miranda, Cristian Gabriel; Carrillo, Carolina; Kelly, Jazmín; Buchholz, Bruno; Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge; Talevi, Alan; Alba Soto, Catalina Dirney Current treatment for Chagas disease is limited to Benznidazole andNifurtimox which present side effects and limited efficacy at the chronicstage of disease. This underscores the need for novel therapeuticapproaches particularly for individuals with long-lasting T. cruziinfection. In previous studies, Benidipine and Clofazimine wererepurposed as potential new drugs against Chagas disease using in silicomethodologies. In vitro assays and in vivo acute and chronic murinemodels of Chagas disease demonstrated their activity against T. cruzi.Here, we tested the performance of these repurposed compounds incombination with Benznidazole. In vitro assays against the intracellularamastigotes - the clinical relevant form- exhibited an overallsynergistic effect for both combinations in a wide range of drug doseswith different models of drug interaction. Then, we studied the combinedtherapy of these compounds with Benznidazol in low dose regime in amurine model of chronic infection. Mice at 90 dpi infection with amyotropic T. cruzi strain were treated for 30 days with Benznidazole(75mg/kg/day); Benznidazole (30mg/kg/day); Benznidazole plus Clofazimine(30mg/kg/day each); Benznidazole (30mg/kg/day) plus Benidipine(15mg/kg/day) or left untreated (vehicle). As determined by quantitativePCR, combined therapy reduced parasitic load in peripheral blood, butthis effect was non-significative in heart and skeletal muscles. However,histopathological studies showed a beneficial effect of combined therapyover Benznidazole monotherapy (75 mg/kg/day) on skeletal muscle damage asreflected by fewer tissue infiltrates and adipose replacement. Inperspective, these combined therapies could be an alternative strategy toreduce the dose and/or duration of conventional treatments and to enhancethe beneficial effect of monotherapy.

Pulmonary delivery of rifampicin-loaded soluplus micelles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Grotz, Estefanía; Tateosian, Nancy Liliana; Salgueiro, María Jimena; Bernabeu, Ezequiel Adrian; Gonzalez, Lorena; Manca, Maria Letizia; Amiano, Nicolás Oscar; Valenti, Donatella; Manconi, Maria; García, Verónica Edith; Moretton, Marcela Analía; Chiappetta, Diego Andrés Tuberculosis (TB) stands as the second “most deadly infectious disease” behind AIDS. Rifampicin (RIF) represents one of the most effective anti-TB drugs of the “short-term” oral TB therapy. However, the main limitations of the oral treatment are related with the lack of patient adherence and the development of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. Recently, the pulmonary administration of anti-TB drugs has become an attractive alternative to improve TB therapy. Hence, we have developed a respirable nanocarrier based on RIF-loaded polymeric micelles (PMs), employing a commercially available graft-copolymer of poly (vinyl caprolactam)-poly (vinyl acetate)-poly (ethylene glycol) (Soluplus). The RIF apparent aqueous solubility was increased (14.3-fold) and the micellar system was ranged in the nanoscale (~107 nm). Then, according to its in vitro aerodynamic behavior, our nanoformulation represented a suitable system for deep lung drug delivery. Interestingly, these inhalable RIF-loaded PMs enhanced (up to 2.5-fold) the in vitro drug microbicidal activity in Mtb-infected THP-1 macrophages versus a RIF solution. In addition, the biodistribution studies of the radiolabelled (99mTc) PMs demonstrated their lung accumulation over 24 hs in rats. Overall, this novel nanoformulation stands as an attractive platform for a potential inhalable TB therapy.

Middle-Atmosphere Dynamics Observed With a Portable Muon Detector Tramontini, Matías Leandro; Rosas Carbajal, Marina Andrea; Nussbaum, C.; Gibert, D.; Marteau, Jacques Emmanuel In the past years, large particle physics experiments have shown that muon rate variations detected in underground laboratories are sensitive to regional, middle-atmosphere temperature variations. Potential applications include tracking short-term atmosphere dynamics, such as Sudden Stratospheric Warmings. We report here that such sensitivity is not only limited to large surface detectors under high-opacity conditions. We use a portable muon detector conceived for muon tomography for geophysical applications, and we study muon rate variations observed over 1 year of measurements at the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory, Switzerland (opacity of ~700 meter water equivalent). We observe a direct correlation between middle-atmosphere seasonal temperature variations and muon rate. Muon rate variations are also sensitive to the abnormal atmosphere heating in January–February 2017, associated to a Sudden Stratospheric Warming. Estimates of the effective temperature coefficient for our particular case agree with theoretical models and with those calculated from large neutrino experiments under comparable conditions. Thus, portable muon detectors may be useful to (1) study seasonal and short-term middle-atmosphere dynamics, especially in locations where data are lacking such as midlatitudes, and (2) improve the calibration of the effective temperature coefficient for different opacity conditions. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of assessing the impact of temperature on muon rate variations when considering geophysical applications. Depending on latitude and opacity conditions, this effect may be large enough to hide subsurface density variations due to changes in groundwater content and should therefore be removed from the time series.

Repertorios de legitimación e impugnación moral de las desigualdades. Un estudio de las fronteras simbólicas de clase en Gran Córdoba, Argentina (2003-2015); Repertoires of legitimization and moraI impeachment of inequalities. A study of symbolic class boundaries in Gran Córdoba, Argentina (2003-2015) Assusa, Gonzalo Este artículo analiza los repertorios morales a partir de los cuales los agentes de diferentes posiciones de clase legitiman e impugnan las desigualdades sociales en Gran Córdoba, Argentina. Para ello recupera tanto los relatos de las trayectorias de los agentes como sus valoraciones en torno al acceso a recursos económicos y laborales, explorando la ambivalencia de las lógicas y su síntesis en sentidos prácticos de distinción simbólica.Los datos de esta investigación fueron producidos a partir de una combinatoria de metodologías de procesamiento estadístico multivariado ?para la reconstrucción de la estructura social cordobesa- y metodologías de corte cualitativo ?entrevistas en profundidad y registro etnográfico entre 2012 y 2015.; This article aims to analyze the moral repertoires that agents of different class positions use to legitimize and challenge social inequality in Gran Córdoba, Argentina. To do so, it recovers both the stories of the agents trajectories and their valuations over access to economic and labor resources. It also explores the ambivalence of those logics and their translation into practical senses of symbolic distinction. The data of this research were obtained using a combination of methodologies of multivariate statistical processing —for the reconstruction of the social structure of Cordoba and qualitative methodologies (in-depth interviews and ethnographic records between 2012 and 2015).

Surface temperature distribution on a spherical ice particle growing by accretion in wet growth regime Luque, Melina Yasmín; Burgesser, Rodrigo Exequiel; Castellano, Nesvit Edit Experimental evidence has demonstrated that temperature on the surface of an ice particle growing by accretion is not uniform. This non-uniformity is relevant because the ice particle surface temperature is an important microphysical parameter that influences the sign and magnitude of the charge transfer during ice particles collisions. In particular, when high values of ambient temperature and liquid water content are reached, the ice particle surface temperature is expected to reach 0 °C, which is known as wet growth regime. Previous experimental results have shown that wet growth is not uniformly reached on the ice particle surface and a surface temperature distribution is developed. In order to know the surface temperature distribution of a fixed ice particle growing by accretion of supercooled water, numerical calculations were carried out. It was found that the surface temperature distribution has a strong dependence on liquid water content, ambient temperature, airflow velocity and water droplet size. The stagnation point always reaches higher temperatures and, in many cases, its temperature is near 0 °C. For some values of the liquid water content, ambient temperature and airflow velocity, it was possible to determine temperature differences up to 7 °C between the stagnation point and the equator. This variation in the surface temperature implies that the region near the stagnation point would experience wet growth, while the rest of the ice particle surface would remain in dry growth regime, supporting the partial wet growth hypothesis. This could also explain the charge transfer reported during ice particles collisions under wet growth conditions.

Paleoambientes de la Formación Puncoviscana (Neoproterozoico - Cámbrico inferior), en el sector oriental de la Quebrada de León, provincia de Jujuy; Palaeoenvironments of the Puncoviscana Formation (Neopro- Terozoic-Early Cambrian) en the Eastern sector of the Leon Creek, Jujuy province Chiliguay, Walter José; López, Vanina Lucrecia; Zamponi, Mauricio Oscar; Azarevich, Miguel Basilio; Muñoz, Alba La Formación Puncoviscana (Neoproterozoico-Cámbrico inferior), aflorante en Río León, provincia de Jujuy, fue reconocida en cuatro perfiles sedimentológicos con litofacies de conglomerados calcáreos, cuarcitas, meta-areniscas y metapelitas. La secuencia registra restos fósiles de medusoides (Beltanelloides sp.), Cnidarios (Corymorpha) y trazas fósiles de Helminthoidichnites, Planolites isp., Archaeonassa isp, Palaeophycustubularis, Nereites isp., que permiten asignar un dominio marino y una edad mínima Cámbrico inferior (Fortuniano). Las estructuras sedimentarias asociadas que definen ondulitas asimétricas y linguoides, artesas y estructuras hummocky, así como también las arquitecturas de paleocanales con clastos imbricados y calcos de flujo, son diagnósticas de paleoambientes someros dominados por olas, mareas y corrientes mareales de reflujo con aporte de clastos calcáreos desde el este. Las estructuras heterolíticas (flaser, ondulítica y lenticular) y la presencia de ritmitas mareales son indicativas de estuarios dominados por mareas, mientras que las ondulitas de interferencia indican paleoambientes afectados por interacción de procesos mareales y corrientes litorales. La integración de la asociación facial sugiere una cuenca somera en la cual se desarrollaron planicies mareales y estuarios con abundantes nutrientes y luz solar que avalaron la proliferación de la actividad biológica de diverso tipo (bentónicos y plantónicos). La evolución de la cuenca Puncoviscana representa un cambio de dominio carbonático (Formación Volcán hacia el este) hacia dominio clástico (Formación Puncoviscana) a partir del inicio del Cámbrico.; The Puncoviscana Formation (Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian), cropping out in Leon creek, Jujuy province, was recognized in four sedimentological profiles with lithofacies of calca- reous conglomerates, quartzites, meta-sandstones and meta-pelites. The sequence registers fossil mate- rial of medusoids (Beltanelloides sp.), Cnidaria (Corymorpha) and trace fossils of Helminthoidichnites, Plano- lites isp., Archaeonassa isp., Palaeophycustubularis, Nereites isp., which allow to assign a marine domain and a minimum Early Cambrian (Fortunian) age. The associated sedimentary structures that define asymme- tric and linguoid ripples, through and hummocky, as well as palaeochannel architectures with imbricated clasts and flute casts, are diagnostic of shallow palaeoenvironments dominated by waves, tides and ebb tidal currents with a source of calcareous clasts from the east. The heterolithic structures (flasser, ondu- litic and lenticular) and the presence of tidal rhythmites are indication of estuaries dominated by tides, whereas the interference ripples indicate palaeoenvironments affected by interaction of tidal and litoral current’s process. The integration of facies associations suggest a shallow basin in which tidal flats and estuaries were developed, with abundant nutrients and sun light that support the proliferation of the biological activity of diverse type (bentonic and planktonic). The evolution of the Puncoviscana basin represents a change from a carbonate domain (Volcán Formation to the east) towards a clastic domain (Puncoviscana Formation) from the beginning of Cambrian.

Modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation for frequency-dependent nonlinear profiles of arbitrary sign Bonetti, Juan Ignacio; Linale, Nicolás Martín; Sánchez, Alfredo Daniel; Hernández, Sebastián Marcelo; Fierens, Pablo Ignacio; Grosz, Diego Fernando In recent times, materials exhibiting frequency-dependent optical nonlinearities, such as nanoparticle-doped glasses and other metamaterials, have gathered significant interest. The simulation of the propagation of intense light pulses in such media, by means of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), poses the problem in that straightforward inclusion of a frequency-dependent nonlinearity may lead to unphysical results, namely, neither the energy nor the photon number is conserved in general. Inspired by a simple quantum-mechanical argument, we derive an energy- and photon-conserving NLSE (pcNLSE). Unlike others, our approach relies only on the knowledge of the frequency-dependent nonlinearity profile and a generalization of Miller’s rule for nonlinear susceptibility, enabling the simulation of nonlinear profiles of arbitrary frequency dependence and sign. Moreover, the proposed pcNLSE can be efficiently solved by the same numerical techniques commonly used to deal with the NLSE. Relevant simulation results supporting our theoretical approach are presented.

Positive outcomes between crop diversity and agricultural employment worldwide Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro; Pérez Méndez, Néstor Understanding the links between biodiversity-friendly landscapes and human wellbeing is key for supporting policy agendas from local to global scales. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals propose full employment (SDG 8) and crop diversity (SDG 2), but it is unclear if there are trade-offs between these goals across rural landscapes worldwide. We tested this idea with agricultural and socio-economic data for 44 countries from all continents during a 15-year period (1999–2013). We show that countries where crop diversity increased also supported more agricultural jobs. Such effects were independent of differences among countries in the size of the agricultural sector or fertilizer use (a proxy for the investment in external inputs and technology incorporation). Greater crop diversity was also compatible with improved crop yields and was not confounded with changes in socio-economic development or economic growth. In general, we found no evidence that the jobs lost in the rural areas were incorporated into other sectors of the economy. Unemployment is a major concern affecting livelihoods all over the world; policies to enhance crop diversity and prevent the loss of associated agricultural jobs are urgently needed.

Age-, sex- and tactic-specific kleptoparasitic performance in a long-lived seabird García, Germán Oscar; Paterlini, Carla Ángela; Favero, Marco; Becker, Peter H.; Bouwhuis, Sandra Kleptoparasitism is an exploitative foraging strategy used across taxa, but factors underlying variation in the foraging performance of individuals using it have not often been addressed. Using longitudinal data on Common Terns stealing food from conspecifics during breeding, we show that variation in the energetic reward of kleptoparasitic behaviour is explained by interactive effects of sex and the attack tactic used by the parasite, as well as by age. Males obtain a higher reward when using an aerial than a terrestrial attack tactic, with decomposition analyses showing that this is due to the energy content of chased after prey items being higher in their aerial attacks. On the other hand, females obtain a higher reward when attacking terrestrially, which is due to their success rate being higher on land than in the air. In addition, the birds show decelerating within-individual improvement with age, which is due to individuals chasing after prey with a higher energy content as they grow older. Our study not only pinpoints factors underlying variation in the foraging performance of kleptoparasites, but also illustrates the importance of modelling individual variation when analyzing foraging performance.