Intuitionistic fuzzy set and fuzzy mathematical morphology applied to color leukocytes segmentation Bouchet, Agustina; Montes, Susana; Ballarin, Virginia Laura; Díaz, Irene This work presents a new algorithm based on Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets and fuzzy mathematical morphology to leukocytes segmentation in color images. The main idea is based on modeling a color image as an Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy set using the hue component in the HSV color space. Then, a pixel labeled as leukocyte is selected and compared to the whole image with a similarity measure. Thus, the leukocyte is segmented and separated from the rest of the image. The experimental results show that the algorithm has a good performance, reaching a value of 99.41% for the correctclassification of leukocytes and a 99.23% for the correct classification of the background. Other metrics such as accuracy, precision and recall have been calculated obtaining 99.32%, 99.41% and 99.24%, respectively. The algorithm presents two important characteristics: It works directly over the color images without the need of converting the image in gray scale, and it does not produce false colors because fuzzy morphological operators guarantee it.

Avances en el desarrollo de un biofungicida: caracterización físicoquímica y actividad antifúngica de propóleos; Advances in the development of a biofungicide: physical-chemical characterization and antifungal activity of propolis Cibanal, Irene Laura; Fernández, Leticia A.; Krepper, Gabriela; Pellegrini, Cecilia Noemí; Gallez, Liliana María El propóleos constituye, gracias a sus propiedades antimicrobianas, una alternativa para el control de fitopatógenos. En este trabajo se realizó, mediante técnicas convencionales, la caracterización sensorial y físico-química de cuatro muestras de propóleos provenientes de diferentes regiones de Argentina y de sus respectivos extractos hidroalcohólicos. Asimismo, se evaluó in vitro la actividad antifúngica de los extractos sobre el hongo Penicillium sp. causante de la ??mufa del ajo?? (Allium sativum). Los propóleos en bruto presentaron aroma resinoso, coloración marrón con diferentes tintes y aspecto de trozos irregulares. El análisis de las muestras evidenció diferencias significativas en los parámetros ceras (9,43 - 31,16 %), pérdidas por calentamiento (1,04 - 1,46 %), cenizas (0,98 - 7,18 %) y temperatura media de fusión (63,16 - 67,5 °C). En los extractos hidroalcohólicos de propóleos también se detectaron diferencias estadísticas en el extracto seco (5,50 - 9,30 %), contenido de fenoles (23,44 - 53,91 %), flavonoides totales (1,12 - 1,58 %) e índice de oxidación (2,25 - 4,33 segundos). Los espectros UV-VIS exhibieron un perfil de absorción con una banda amplia entre 240 nm y 340 nm. Todos los tratamientos a base de extractos de propóleos tuvieron un efecto inhibidor superior al 99 % sobre el desarrollo de unidades formadoras de colonias fúngicas. Los resultados permiten concluir que si bien los propóleos y extractos analizados en este trabajo presentaron diferentes características, coincidieron en la excelente actividad antifúngica sobre Penicillium sp.. Esto demuestra la potencialidad de los propóleos para el desarrollo de un biofungicida de uso agrícola.; Propolis is a viable alternative for chemical control of plant pathogens due to its antimicrobial properties. The present study was conducted to determine the sensorial, physical and chemical characteristics of four propolis from Argentina, and their respective hydroalcoholic extracts. In vitro antifungal activity of hydroalcoholic propolis extracts against Penicillium sp. that cause the decay of garlic (Allium sativum) was also studied. All propolis samples were composed of irregular fragments. The aroma was mainly resinous. The predominant colour was brown. The analysis of the raw samples showed differences in the parameters wax content (9.43-31.16 %), loss by heating (1.04-1.46 %), ashes (0.98-7.1 8 %) and melting point (63.16-67.5 °C). The hydroalcoholic extracts of propolis also differ in the dry residue (5.50-9.30 %), content of phenols (23.44-53.91 mg eq galic/g propolis), total flavonoids (11.23-15.88 mg eq quercetin/g propolis) and oxidation index (2.25- 4.33 seconds). The evaluation of the antifungal activity demonstrated that all the treatments containing propolis had an inhibitory effect over 99 % on fungi colony-forming units’ development. Although the physical and chemical study showed significant differences between propolis samples, all exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Penicillium sp. This demonstrates the potential of different propolis for the development of a biofungicide for agricultural use.

Empirical mode decomposition of multiphase flows in porous media: Characteristic scales and speed of convergence Echebarrena, Nicolas; Mininni, Pablo Daniel; Moreno, Gustavo Ariel We apply a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to data stemming from numerical simulations of a fingering instability in a multiphase flow passing through obstacles in a porous medium, to study water injection processes in the production of hydrocarbon reservoirs. We show that the time evolution of a properly defined flow correlation length can be used to identify the onset of the fingering instability. Computation of characteristic lengths for each of the modes resulting from the POD provides further information on the dynamics of the system. Finally, using numerical simulations with different viscosity ratios, we show that the convergence of the POD depends non-trivially on whether the fingering instability develops or not. This result has implications on proposed methods to decrease the dimensionality of the problem by deriving reduced dynamical systems after truncating the system’s governing equations to a few POD modes.

Decoloración fotocatalítica del Rojo de Alizarina S empleando nanocatalizadores de hierro; Photocatalytic decoloration of Alizarin S Red employing iron nanocatalysts Lerici, Laura Carolina; Varela López, Claudio; Leal Marchena, Candelaria; Vinuesa, Ariel José; Diguilio, Eliana; Renzini, Maria Soledad; Campos Figueroa, Cristian Los colorantes constituyen una clase importante de compuestos orgánicos que encuentran numerosas aplicaciones en nuestra vida cotidiana. El teñido produce efluentes que contienen entre el 10 y 15% del colorante que finalmente se depositan en los cuerpos de agua. Se sintetizaron y caracterizaron nanotubos de alúmina impregnados con 2, 6 y 10 % de hierro (Fe-NT), para ser empleados en la decoloración fotocatalítica del Rojo de Alizarina S (ARS). Por DRX se verificaron las señales características de la γ-Al2O3. El área superficial disminuyó con el aumento del contenido hierro oscilando entre 87 y 116 m2/g. La presencia de hierro fue confirmada por Absorción Atómica. Además, por TEM, se confirmó la estructura tipo nanotubo. Los materiales fueron evaluados catalíticamente en la decoloración del ARS obteniendo porcentajes de decoloración del 50% para el Fe-NT 2% y 85-90 % para los nanotubos con 6 y 10 % de hierro, respectivamente.; Dyes are an important organic compounds that find numerous applications in our daily lives. The dyeing produces effluents that contain between 10 and 15% of the dye that are finally deposited in the bodies of water. Alumina nanotubes impregnated with 2, 6 and 10% of iron (Fe-NT) were synthesized and characterized to be used in the photocatalytic degradation of Alizarine Red S (ARS). By XRD, the characteristic signals of γ-Al2O3 were verified. Surface area varying from 87 to 116 m2/g. The presence of iron was confirmed by Atomic Adsorption. In addition, the nanotube structure of the support was confirmed by TEM. The materials were evaluated catalytically in the degradation of the ARS obtaining percentages of degradation of 50% for the Fe-NT 2% and 85-90% for the nanotubes with 6 and 10% of iron, respectively.

El rompecabezas de la integración sudamericana: intereses corporativos, política exterior y estrategia en el COSIPLAN- UNASUR; The South American Integration Puzzle: Corporative Interests, Foreign Policy and Strategy in COSIPLAN-UNASUR Barrenengoa, Amanda Carolina Nos proponemos indagar en los actores sociales presentes en los procesos de integración suramericana reciente, desde la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR) y el Consejo Suramericano de Infraestructura y Planeamiento (COSIPLAN). Buscamos reconstruir una porción de un gran rompecabezas que reúne a diversos actores sociales, para dar cuenta de un entramado que excede los márgenes estatales e involucra a gobiernos, empresas, organismos de financiamiento, bancos, sectores productivos, funcionarios estatales, poblaciones. A partir del caso brasileño ponemos el foco en los intereses de la clase dominante y la forma en que se vinculan con los Estados, encontrando un amplio repertorio de problemas y dimensiones. De aquí se desprenden conflictos que nos llevan a preguntarnos por las limitaciones, los factores externos e internos y las contradicciones que enmarcaron los gobiernos de Lula. Desde una metodología cualitativa, damos cuenta de una multiplicidad de actores de las clases dominantes, cuyos intereses y acciones se hallaron, en principio, entrelazados con las estrategias impulsadas desde el propio Estado. Mientras avanzaba la dinámica social y política, las perspectivas y posiciones de estos actores se vieron modificadas, por diversos motivos. Como resultado de estas indagaciones, pudimos observar las múltiples formas de manifestación de sus intereses y relaciones.; This article aims to contribute to the investigation about social actors in the South American Integration Process of the last decade from the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and the South American Infrastructure and Planning Council (COSIPLAN). It focus on reconstructing a part of a big puzzle that brings together a number of social actors, to show a network that exceeds the state’s margins and involves governments, companies, financing agencies, banks, productive sectors, state officials and populations. Starting at the Brazilian case, attention is paid to the interests of the ruling class and the way they are linked to the States, finding a wide repertoire of problems and dimensions. At this point, conflicts arise, which lead us to ask ourselves about the limitations, the external and internal factor and those contradictions with which the governments of Lula encountered. From a qualitative methodology, we were able to account for a multiplicity of actors of ruling clases, whose interests and actions were intertwined with the strategies promoted by the Brazilian State itself. While the social and political dynamics advanced, the perspectives and positions of these actors were modified, for various reasons. As a result of these inquiries, we could observe the multiple forms of manifestation of their interests and relationships.

Picosecond laser interference patterning of periodical micro architectures on metallic molds for hot embossing Fu, Yangxi; Soldera, Marcos Maximiliano; Wang, Wei; Voisiat, Bogdan; Lasagni, Andrés Fabián In this work, it is demonstrated that direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is a method capable of producing microtextured metallic molds for hot embossing processes. Three different metals (Cr, Ni, and Cu), relevant for the mold production used in nanoimprinting systems, are patterned by DLIP using a picosecond laser source emitting at a 532 nm wavelength. The results show that the quality and surface topography of the produced hole-like micropatterns are determined by the laser processing parameters, such as irradiated energy density and the number of pulses. Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are also observed on the treated surfaces, whose shapes, periodicities, and orientations are strongly dependent on the accumulated fluence. Finally, the three structured metals are used as embossing molds to imprint microlenses on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) foils using an electrohydraulic press. Topographical profiles demonstrate that the obtained structures are comparable to the masters showing a satisfactory reproduction of the texture. The polymeric microlens arrays that showed the best surface homogeneity and overall quality were those embossed with the Cr molds.

Effect of nickel loading on hydrogen adsorption capacity of different mesoporous supports Carraro, Paola María; Soria, Federico Ariel; Vaschetto, Eliana Gabriela; Sapag, Manuel Karim; Oliva, Marcos Iván; Eimer, Griselda Alejandra Pure siliceous and aluminosilicate mesoporous molecular sieves of MCM-41 type have been used as support for nickel incorporation (2.5 wt%) by wet impregnation method. The hydrogen adsorption capacities at 77 K of these materials have been studied. Various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Temperature-Programmed Reduction, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and adsorption of pyridine coupled to infrared spectroscopy were employed to characterize the materials. In addition, Density Functional Theory calculations were used in order to interpret the results of hydrogen adsorption. The results obtained show that isolated metallic species are capable to promote hydrogen favorable sites. Isolated mononuclear Ni2+ species on the surface strengthen the interaction with the H2, enhancing the hydrogen adsorption capacity.

Tamaño de grupo, argumentación y lectura de tablas en estudiantes universitarios; Group size, argumentation and table reading in university students Curcio, Juan Manuel; Peralta, Nadia Soledad; Castellaro, Mariano Andrés La argumentación es una variable importante para entender el aprendizaje. Aunque hay varios artículos al respecto, su relación con el tamaño del grupo es una novedad. Se analiza la relación entre el tamaño del grupo (díada-tríada) y la distribución argumental (simétrica-asimétrica) en lectura de tablas de doble entrada, y su relación con el tipo de respuesta utilizada. Se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental de solo post-test en una muestra de 89 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados muestran distribuciones argumentales simétricas en las díadas, mientras que las tríadas obtuvieron mayores valores de asimetría. No se encontraron relaciones significativas entre el tamaño del grupo y el tipo de respuesta final como así tampoco entre la distribución argumental y el tipo de respuesta. Esto indicaría que el tamaño del grupo afecta la posibilidad de las personas de aportar argumentos durante la interacción, así como el tipo de tarea condicionaría el tipo de argumentos empleados.; Argumentation is an important variable to understand the learning process. Despite there are several papers about it, its relation with the group size is a novelty. The relationship between the group size (dyad-triad) and the argument distribution (symmetric-asymmetric) in a double-entry table reading task, in addition to its relationship with the type of answer used, are analyzed. A quasi-experimental design was used with only a post-test, in a sample of 89 university students. The results show that the dyads obtained the highest values of symmetry, whereas the triads obtained higher values of asymmetry. No significant relationships were found between the group size and the final answers types, neither between the group size and the answer type. This would indicate that the size of the group affects the possibility of people to provide arguments during the interaction, as well as the type of task that would condition the type of arguments used.

Data-driven estimation of the invisible energy of cosmic ray showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Albuquerque, I. F. M.; Albury, J. M.; Gobbi, Fabián Jesús; Bertou, Xavier Pierre Louis; Etchegoyen, Alberto; Garcia, Beatriz Elena; Mariazzi, Analisa Gabriela; Ferreyro, Luciano Pablo; González, Nicolás Martín; Dasso, Sergio Ricardo; Sarmiento Cano, Christian Andres; Tueros, Matias Jorge; Platino, Manuel; Sanchez, Federico Andrés; Roulet, Esteban; Gomez Berisso, Mariano; Perlin, Matias; Mollerach, Maria Silvia; Golup, Geraldina Tamara; Micheletti, Maria Isabel; Almela, Daniel Alejandro; Lucero, Luis Agustin; Sciutto, Sergio Juan; Rovero, Adrian Carlos; Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo; Vergara Quispe, Indira Dajhana; Bonifazi, Carla Brenda The determination of the primary energy of extensive air showers using the fluorescence detection technique requires an estimation of the energy carried away by particles that do not deposit all their energy in the atmosphere. This estimation is typically made using Monte Carlo simulations and thus depends on the assumed primary particle mass and on model predictions for neutrino and muon production. In this work we present a new method to obtain the invisible energy from events detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The method uses measurements of the muon number at ground level, and it allows us to significantly reduce the systematic uncertainties related to the mass composition and the high energy hadronic interaction models, and consequently to improve the estimation of the energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.

Trajectorial market models: Arbitrage and pricing intervals Ferrando, Sebastian Esteban; González, Alfredo Lázaro; Degano, Iván Leonardo; Rahsepar, Massoomeh The paper develops general, non-probabilistic market models based on trajectory sets and minmax price bounds leading to price intervals for European options. The approach provides the trajectory based analogue of a martingale process as well as a generalization that allows a limited notion of arbitrage in the market while still providing coherent option prices. An illustrative example is described in detail. Several properties of the price bounds are obtained, in particular a connection with risk neutral pricing is established for trajectory markets associated to a continuous-time martingale model.

Multiscale constitutive model with progressive recruitment for nanofibrous scaffolds Caballero, Daniel; Montini Ballarin, Florencia; Gimenez, Juan Manuel; Urquiza, Santiago Adrian Biomedical applications need tailor-made scaffolds that exhibit biomimetic mechanical properties. In this context, electrospinning has emerged as a technique with promising features for their production. However, the electrospun scaffolds mechanical behavior as a function of the microstructure and nanofiber properties is still poorly understood. Besides, multiscale constitutive modeling appears as a powerful design tool, not only able to characterize electrospun structures, but also to determine the fiber properties and scaffold microstructure that would achieve the objective response. With focus in this last aspect, we developed a multiscale constitutive model for nanofibrous structures that takes into account the material constitutive properties, scaffold microstructure, and nanofiber progressive recruitment. A statistical approach of the nanofibers tortuosity with a modified Gaussian distribution was adopted, which allowed for reproducing the scaffolds macroscopic nonlinear mechanical behavior. It was observed that such behavior arises even if the nanofibers response is considered as mechanically linear. Experimental data from pressure vs. diameter inflation tests of electrospun tubular scaffolds was used to validate the model. In addition, the influence of the microstructural parameters upon the macroscopic constitutive behavior was studied. Finally, the model parameters were adjusted to obtain a vascular graft able to reproduce the mechanical response of a target natural tissue. The current study presents a step towards understanding, characterizing, and optimizing the mechanical properties of nanofibrous biomaterials.

The first record of Desmatochelys cf. D. lowii from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Coahuila, Mexico López Conde, Oliver Ariel; Sterli, Juliana; Alvarado Ortega, Jesús; Chavarría Arellano, María L.; Porras Múzquiz, Héctor In this work we describe a new marine turtle from the clade Protostegidae from Mexico recognized as a new specimen of Desmatochelys. This specimen was collected in the San Carlos quarry, near Jiménez, Coahuila, in outcrops of the Austin Formation, Late Cretaceous (Lower Campanian). The quarries of this region are composed of marly limestones where numerous remains of fossil fish, shark teeth, ammonites and crabs were also found. This Protostegidae turtle from Mexico is a semi-articulated specimen in ventral position, that lacks the skull. This specimen is important because it preserves one of its forelimbs and both hindlimbs. The left anterior limb is fully articulated bringing new information of Desmatochelys and, in the same way, it is the first time that both articulated hindlimbs are reported. This new specimen of Desmatochelys is relevant because is the southernmost record for the genus along the Western Interior Seaway during the Late Cretaceous.

Mechanical performance of lightweight polycrystalline Ni nanotubes Rojas Nunez, Javier; Valencia, Felipe; Gonzalez, Rafael I.; Bringa, Eduardo Marcial; Allende, Sebastian; Palma, Juan L.; Pereira, Alejandro; Escrig Murúa, Juan Eduardo; Baltazar, Samuel E. The mechanical properties of metallic nanowires and nanotubes were investigated using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on Ni polycrystalline structures, similar to those experimentally obtained by Atomic Layer Deposition. We studied the response of nanostructures under uniaxial deformations with different thickness, geometry, and crystalline degree. Plastic deformation is due to stacking fault and coherent twin boundary formation, and to grain boundary activity. Different fracture processes are obtained from these systems, being the thin nanotubes failing thanks to a mix of brittle failure by grain boundary decohesion and ductile fracture due to significantly more twins than with a thicker nanotube and nanowire during the ductile fracture. The stress-strain curves, atomic displacements, and defects formation were analyzed, finding that nanotubes with a fraction of the volumetric mass have practically the same Young modulus and ultimate tensile stress, while fracture strain is slightly larger for nanowire. From all these studied cases, it is remarkable the result where ultra-thin nanotubes can withstand a 21% of tensile stress-strain with a similar yield strength than nanowires, but with a volumetric mass reduction of 60%, offering a lightweight alternative to design mechanical nanodevices with minimal loss of mechanical performance.

Undetected non-conformities in material processing led to a service failure in a casing hanger during pre-fracture operation Cirimello, Pablo Gabriel; Otegui, Luis Jose; Aguirre, Alberto; Carfi, Guillermo Rodolfo The failure of a 5″ casing hanger at an oil well led to costly workover operations and lost production. The brittle failure was due to the instantaneous propagation of a circumferential fracture, initiated at a geometrical stress raiser. Combined operation stresses from internal pressure, casing weight and tightening torque were close to the yield strength of the material. If the material had sufficient ductility, plastic deformation would have led to stress relaxation and redistribution. But a SAE/AISI 4140 steel with a low forging ratio, plus a poor heat treatment and incomplete quenching, led to a banded microstructure with both low strength and toughness, and a consequent limited capacity for plastic deformation. Geometric discontinuities due to elongated inclusions and other microestructural defects justify crack propagation at the reported service loads. Quality assurance failed to prevent unacceptable pieces. Some recommendations are provided to reduce the likelihood of recurrence in new hangers: an appropriate microstructure must be assured, controlling the forging stages and heat treatment parameters. The representativeness of test coupons used for quality control must be ensured. Re-evaluating the geometry of the casing hanger and switching to a steel with higher hardenability would lead to more defect - tolerant components.

On the Role of Finance in Sraffa’s System Dvoskin, Ariel; Feldman, Germán David We critically review the previous attempts to introduce money and finance into Sraffa’s price system, whose main difference is, we argue, their conception of the interest rate, either as an opportunity cost or as an effective cost of production. We examine the implications on three different grounds: (i) the formal consistency of the system; (ii) the possibilities to explicitly treat the financial industry as any other productive sector; and (iii) the validity of the so-called “monetary theory of distribution” (MTD). We then suggest a possible route, inspired by Schumpeter’s ideas on economic development, to introduce the banking sector through its role of granting credit to innovation. Unlike previous contributions, this reformulation allows us both to justify the basic nature of the financial sector and simultaneously preserve the validity of MTD.

Extensión universitaria y recreación: Transformaciones culturales en/desde un club deportivo Branz, Juan Bautista; Césaro, Aldo Román; Ferretty, Emmanuel; López, Andrés En este texto presentamos una experiencia colectiva e interdisciplinaria de extensión universitaria que se desarrolló durante tres años (2011-2013) en un club deportivo de la ciudad de La Plata, capital de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Nuestro trabajo estrechó los lazos vecinales con el club favoreciendoprocesos de socialización y de identificación barrial en la trama de la cultura urbana platense. Para lograr este cometido impulsamos prácticas recreativas, artísticas y comunicacionales en una modalidad de taller como dispositivo participativo, abierto y gratuito.En la actualidad podemos observar como el club y sus actores incorporaron a la vida institucional algunos de los aspectos relevantes del proyecto de extensión.Ciertos acontecimientos y transformaciones nos dan indicios de los efectos permanentes de nuestras intervenciones y, de igual manera, abonan la posibilidad de construir una lógica social diferente a la del deporte en su faceta competitiva, selectiva, excluyente. En otro nivel de análisis, esta experiencia nos permitió reflexionar acerca de las articulaciones entre las instituciones estatales (universidad) y otras organizaciones tales como los clubes en la construcción de espacios públicos inclusivos en ciudades cada vez más desiguales.; In this text we present a collective and interdisciplinary experience of university extension that was developed during three years (2011-2013) in a sports club in the city of La Plata, capital of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Our work strengthened the neighborhood ties with the club, favoring processes of socialization and neighborhood identification in the framework of the urban culture of La Plata. To achieve this goal, we promote recreational, artistic and communication practices in a workshop modality as a participatory, open and free device. Currently we can see how the club and its actors incorporated into institutional life some of the relevant aspects of the extension project. Certain events and transformations give us indications of the permanent effects of our interventions and, similarly, pay the possibility of constructing a social logic different from that of sport in its competitive, selective, exclusive aspect. At another level of analysis, this experience allowed us to reflect on the links between state institutions (universities) and other organizations such as clubs in the construction of inclusive public spaces in increasingly unequal cities.

Disputas en torno al uso de agroquímicos en el norte de Córdoba: el caso de Sebastián Elcano Salizzi, Esteban Hernán El trabajo ofrece una aproximación al estudio de las disputas surgidas en torno a la aplicación de agroquímicos en un sector de la Argentina afectado recientemente por la expansión territorial del modelo productivo de los agronegocios. Específicamente, describe y analiza los principales factores que configuran las disputas en torno al uso y manipulación de agroquímicos en el norte de la provincia de Córdoba, profundizando su estudio a través del caso de la localidad de Sebastián Elcano. El abordaje propuesto se basa en el análisis cualitativo de entrevistas semiestructuradas, que permiten reconocer las principales modalidades que adopta el reclamo contra la utilización de agroquímicos, tanto como caracterizar los conflictos generados. Se identifican cuatro formas principales que asume la cuestión en el área de estudio: (i) la exposición directa de la población rural dispersa; (ii) las condiciones insalubres en el trabajo rural; (iii) la utilización de agroquímicos en zonas periurbanas; y (iv) el depósito y manipulación de productos y residuos tóxicos. Los elementos descritos configuran una imagen extendida en el norte cordobés donde se percibe la desmedida libertad que poseen los grandes productores empresariales para imponer sus prácticas, que encuentra su principal limitante en las acciones colectivas que impulsan las organizaciones locales.; This work offers an approach to the study of the disputes arisen over the application of agrochemicals in an area of Argentina recently affected by the territorial expansion of the agribusiness production model. Specifically, it describes and analyzes the main factors that shape the disputes regarding the use and handling of agrochemicals in the north of Cordoba, and carry out further studies through Sebastián Elcano case. The approach followed is based on the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews which allow not only to recognize the main modalities adopted by the claim against the use of agrochemicals, but also to characterize the conflicts created. Four main issues are identified: (i) direct exposure of the scattered rural population; (ii) unhealthy conditions in rural work; (iii) the use of agrochemicals in peri-urban areas, and (iv) handling and storage of toxic products and waste. The elements described constitute an extended image in the north of Cordoba where it is evident the excessive freedom of large business producers to impose their practices having its main limitation in the collective actions performed by local organizations.

La centralidad ética del discurso: un examen pragmático trascendental; The ethical centrality of discourse: a transcendental-pragmatic inquiry Damiani, Alberto Mario El objetivo del presente trabajo es explicar la relación entre las nociones de discurso y acción en un marco pragmático trascendental. El trabajo comienza con una presentación de la primera noción y de la idea de pretensión de validez. Luego son examinadas algunas objeciones a la justificación última de la ética, formulada por Apel. La conclusión es que es posible una respuesta a esas objeciones mediante la diferenciación entre dos niveles de la relación entre discurso y acción: un nivel fáctico y uno trascendental.; The aim of this paper is to explain the relation between the notions of discourse and action in a transcendental-pragmatic frame. The paper begins with a presentation of the first notion and the idea of validity claim. After that, some objections to Apel’s ultimate justifications of ethic are examined. The conclusion is that an answer to these objections is possible throw the difference between two levels of the relation between discourse and action: a real level and a transcendental one.

La Argentina rural: reflexiones históricas sobre las mutaciones del “granero del mundo”; Rural Argentina historical thoughts about the transformations of the “granary of the world” Girbal, Noemi Maria La Argentina agroexportadora reconoce históricos desequilibrios regionales. En sus casi 3 millones de kilómetros cuadrados de territorio, una cuarta parte de su superficie se concentran -desde la primera década del siglo XX- las tres cuartas partes de la población, la agricultura, la ganadería y la infraestructura, en torno al eje metropolitano cercano al puerto de Buenos Aires y en beneficio de la región pampeana que lo circunda. La tierra con su particular sistema de tenencia así como el accionar del Estado, han sido y son variables sustantivas para comprender los perfiles de su heterogéneo mundo rural. Este estudio histórico se propone analizar las continuidades y los cambios del llamado granero del mundo, especialmente en tiempos del Estado interventor, dirigista, desarrollista y neoliberal para comprender algunas de las variables del pasaje de la agri-cultura al agro-negocio.; The agro-export Argentina acknowledges historical regional inequalities. Along its almost 3- million- square-kilometre territory, one quarter of its surface, three- quarters of its population, agriculture, livestock and infrastructure have concentratred since the first decade of 20th century around the mainland near Buenos Aires Port and for the benefit of Pampas region that surrounds. The land with its particular tenure system together with the state action have been substantive variables in order to understand the profiles of its heterogeneous rural world. This historical research intends to analize the continuities and changes of the so-called granary of the world, especially in times of interventionist, dirigiste, developmental and neoliberal State in order to understand some variables of switching from the agri-culture to the agro-business.

Variación dialectal y diacrónica del objeto pronominal en Wichi/Weenhayek (Mataguaya): paradigmas prefijante y sufijante; Dialectal and diachronic variation of the pronominal object in Wichi/Weenhayek (Mataguayan): prefixing and suffixing paradigms Nercesian, Verónica A partir de fuentes secundarias y datos primarios, el presente artículo analiza la variación geográfica y diacrónica de la marcación pronominal objeto que diferencia los grupos dialectales bermejeño y pilcomayeño en la lengua wichi/weenhayek (de la familia mataguaya, Bolivia y Argentina). Se sugiere que el desarrollo del paradigma prefijante en el pilcomayeño responde a la correlación tipológica con el orden de palabras VO y emerge de un cambio lexema>morfema gramatical. En otra dirección, el paradigma sufijante en ambos grupos lectales refleja el antiguo orden de palabras en una construcción sintáctica y emerge como resultado del reanálisis de las construcciones de verbos seriales. Según los cognados sintácticos, se sugiere la hipótesis de que este cambio pudo haberse originado incluso en el proto-mataguayo. Finalmente, el grupo bermejeño regulariza el paradigma completo de objeto sufijante, lo que lo aleja del tronco mataguayo y lo coloca como grupo innovador.; Based on primary data and secondary sources, this paper analyzes the diatopic and diachronic variation of the pronominal object, which distinguishes the Pilcomayeño and Bermejeño dialectal groups in Wichi/Weenhayek language (Mataguayan family, Argentina and Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia). Whereas the Pilcomayeño dialect employs a prefix in non-derived and causative-derived predicates, and a suffix, in predicates derived by locatives/directionals, the Bermejeño dialect employs a suffix in all syntactic contexts. We argue that the development of the prefixing object in the Pilcomayeño follows the typological correlation to the VO word order, and develops from a change of lexeme>grammatical morpheme. In a different way, the suffixing paradigm in predicates with ocatives/directionals in both dialectal groups mirrors the old word order in the asymmetrical serial verb construction and develops from a reanalysis of this construction. This reanalysis leads, also, the grammaticalization of the locatives and directionals from verbal roots. Syntactic cognates in the language family lead us to propose the hypothesis that this syntactic reanalysis could at least have started in the Proto-Mataguayan. Finally, we argue that the Bermejeño dialect regularized the object paradigm to suffixes, and thus, separating from the Mataguayan language family and leading the change.