Estrategias biológicas destinadas a combatir Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica en carne y productos cárnicos: Estudios bioquímicos y tecnológicos Orihuel, Alejandra Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica (ECEH) constituye una gran preocupación para la sostenibilidad de la industria de la carne y una grave amenaza para la salud pública a nivel mundial. La infección humana por ECEH ocurre a través de la ingestión de alimentos contaminados, principalmente carnes picadas. Además, el 5-10% de los pacientes infectados con ECEH (especialmente niños y adolescentes) desarrollan una grave patología, el Síndrome Urémico Hemolítico. Argentina es, a nivel mundial, el país con mayor incidencia de esta enfermedad. En este contexto urge la necesidad de proporcionar a la industria de la carne soluciones sustentables para limitar y prevenir riesgos. Las bacterias lácticas (BL), presentes de forma natural en la carne, son de gran interés tecnológico debido a la capacidad de ciertas cepas para inhibir microorganismos patógenos y/o deteriorantes en alimentos. Además, las BL generalmente se consideran seguras (GRAS), de manera que su uso como bioprotectores en alimentos constituye una estrategia real. Sin embargo, hasta el momento no se dispone en el mercado de un cultivo láctico capaz de inhibir ECEH en carne. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el potencial de cepas BL para inhibir a ECEH en carne y estudiar las bases moleculares subyacentes a la interacción entre BL-ECEH. Las cepas de BL estudiadas (Lactobacillus curvatus CRL705, Lactobacillus plantarum CRL681 y Enterococcus mundtii CRL35) fueron preseleccionadas por sus óptimas características bioquímicas y tecnológicas. Como patógeno modelo se utilizó la cepa atoxigénica E. coli O157:H7 NCTC12900. Cada cepa de BL fue cocultivada con ECEH en un medio experimental cárnico. Ent. mundtii CRL35 resultó seleccionada como candidato por su significativa capacidad anti ECEH. Este efecto demostró ser independiente de la acción de bacteriocina, del ácido u otro agente soluble producido por Ent. mundtii, sugiriendo la interacción célula-célula como uno de los mecanismos implicados en la inhibición. Mediante un enfoque proteómico comparativo se estudió las bases moleculares subyacentes a esta interacción bacteriana, pudiéndose correlacionar con éxito el perfil de proteínas sobreexpresadas con la fisiología de Ent. mundtii y una ventaja competitiva de la BL sobre el patógeno. Al estudiar el fenómeno de adhesión/colonización del alimento por ambos microorganismos, se observó una ventaja competitiva de Ent. mundtii con respecto a E. coli, en la unión a proteínas claves de la matriz extracelular cárnica. Finalmente, se diseñó un sistema experimental constituido por carne molida con el objetivo de evaluar la acción bioprotectora de Ent. mundtii in situ. Se observó un efecto bacteriostático de la BL sobre ECEH, aunque de menor magnitud que aquél observado in vitro. Este resultado sugiere la necesidad de ensayos tecnológicos adicionales para optimizar la acción bioprotectora de esta cepa en un escenario real. Este trabajo de tesis Doctoral, es pionero en los estudios de interacción entre una BL y un patógeno como ECEH, aplicando un enfoque multidisciplinario. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen directamente a la tecnología de alimentos cárnicos, proponiéndose por primera vez un cultivo láctico contra ECEH, un patógeno alimentario que demanda soluciones urgentes en nuestro país.

Multi-source multiple change on belief bases Tamargo, Luciano Héctor; Deagustini, Cristhian Ariel David; García, Alejandro Jorge; Falappa, Marcelo Alejandro; Simari, Guillermo Ricardo In a multi-agent system, an agents belief base can be modified when that agent receives information from other agents. Here, we study the case when these belief base changes occur in a collaborative multi-agent system environment, and the agents in the system exhibit different degrees of credibility; the former assumption guarantees that the agents are truthful and they help each other, and the latter introduces the opportunity of choosing the best possible source of information Belief Revision in Multi-Agent Systems has been analyzed in where the distinction between Multi-Agent Belief Revision (MABR) and Individual Belief Revision (IBR) is explained on the one hand, MABR studies the overall belief revision be-havior of agent teams in which, to pursue the mutual goal, the involved agents need to communicate, cooperate, coordinate, and negotiate with one another. On the other hand, IBR is divided into two different areas: belief revision in a single agent environment called Single agent Belief Revision (SBR) and individual belief revision in a multi-agent environment called Multi-Source Belief Revision (MSBR). In this last area, an individual belief revision process is carried out in a multi-agent environment where the new information may come from multiple sources that may be in conflict. We can also distinguish two types of MSBR: unitary MSBR where an agent can receive from different informant agents an atomic piece of information (see for instance, and conjunctive MSBR where the received information is a set of objects, probably provided by one or more sources. Our proposal is focused on the latter approach.

Open circuit potentiometry reports on internal redox states of cells in G. Sulfurreducens biofilms Schrott, Germán David; Bonanni, Pablo Sebastian; Busalmen, Juan Pablo The outstanding capacity of Geobacter sulfurreducens cells to directly connect their inner electron transport chain to a polarized electrode have prompted the application of a wide arrange of electrochemical techniques to explore their metabolism and current production possibilities. In this work we use very basic electrochemical assays as open circuit potential, voltammetric and chronopotentiometric measurements to obtain fundamental information on bacterial electrochemical characteristics of importance to interpret bacterial functioning. Specifically, we obtained information on G. sulfurreducens biofilm capacity to store charge in three major molecular reservoirs bridging the gap between NADH and the electrode, demonstrating, at the same time, the value of OCP measurements as a reporter of internal redox state of cells.

La semiosis “social” de las biomoléculas; The “Social” Semiosis of Biomolecules Rodriguez, Pablo Esteban El artículo estudia el modo en que la genética actual emplea nociones provenientes de las ciencias y de las prácticas relativas al lenguaje oral o escrito para comprender la actividad de las biomoléculas: código, expresión, silenciación, edición son algunos de estos términos. Propone un itinerario que comienza con formulaciones generales que, desde el siglo XIX, aludían a un código biomolecular para culminar en la amalgama entre biología molecular y teoría tecnológica de la información desarrollada por el Dogma Central de la biología molecular en los años 1950. Luego, a partir del concepto de código genético, se analizan los modelos de comprensión aplicados por las propias ciencias del lenguaje a la genética: la lingüística molecular, la biosemiótica y la relación de ambas con los clásicos modelos comunicacionales de emisor-mensaje-receptor, al que alude directamente el Dogma Central, mostrando los límites de los diferentes modelos y su vínculo con algunos hallazgos experimentales recientes de la biología molecular. Finalmente, se sugiere que la teoría de los discursos sociales de E. Verón podría ser tomada como un nuevo modelo “bio-significante”. Se pretende con ello realizar un aporte al campo de las ciencias de la comunicación mediante la inclusión de ciertos aspectos de la biología molecular dentro de su égida.; The article studies the way in which the current genetics uses notions from the sciences and practices related to oral or written language to understand the activity of biomolecules: code, expression, silencing, edition they are some of these terms. It proposes an itinerary beginning with the general formulations that, from the 19th century, referred to a biomolecular code and ending with the fusion between molecular biology and technological theory of the information developed by the Central Dogma of the molecular biology in the 1950 decade. Then, based on the notion of genetic code, models of comprehension applied by the sciences of the language to the genetics were analyzed: molecular linguistics, biosemiotics and the relationship of both with the classic communication models of sender–message-receiver, mentioned directly by the Central Dogma, showing the limits of the different models and the link with some recent experimental discoveries of molecular biology. Finally, it is suggested that the theory of the social discourses of E. Verón might be taken as a new "bio-significant" model. With this approach, it is expected to contribute to the field of the communication sciences by including certain aspects of the molecular biology under its aegis.

Phytoremediation, a biotechnology with important applications Pérez Cuadra, Vanesa; Espósito, Martín Eduardo The pollutants found in the environment, of natural origin and as a result of human activity,generate a negative impact on ecosystems. The resolution of this type of problems through the application of environmentally friendly technologies are of extreme necessity, one of these technologies is phytoremediation. Pollution with different types of substances has become a phenomenon of great importance because it affects air, water and soil, also disturbing all the ecosystems that develop in them, including humans.

Physicochemical, nutritional, and stability aspects of a meat product (gluteus medius) enriched with encapsulated fish oil in polyelectrolyte beads containing prosopis alba exudate gum Vasile, Franco Emanuel; Romero, Ana María; Judis, Maria Alicia; Mazzobre, Maria Florencia This work explores the physicochemical, nutritional, and stability aspects of a meat product enriched with fish oil encapsulated in polyelectrolyte beads. Particularly, a non-conventional exudate gum obtained from Prosopis alba tree (G) was assessed as wall component of alginate-chitosan beads. Patty-type products based on beef (gluteus medius) and pork back fat (P) were nutritionally improved by adding free fish oil (P+FO), fish oil encapsulated in alginate-chitosan (P+ACh), or alginate-gum-chitosan (P+AChG) beads. In enriched raw products, the EPA+DHA content was increased 13 folds, and the n3/n6 ratio was 45–55% higher than control. During cooking, the encapsulates increased the oil retention (91 to 94%) respect to samples added with free oil (84%), and modulated the chromatic (∆E = 1.5–1.9) and textural properties (hardness was increased 10–50%; elasticity was reduced 40%) of the cooked meat products. In presence of G, polyunsaturated fatty acids retention was higher (99%) than in P+ACh (95%) or in P+FO (94%). Additionally, P+AChG showed the lowest oxidative damage (TBA value was 50% lower than P+FO) at the end of freeze storage (90 days at − 18 °C) and subsequent heat treatment (15 min at 200 °C). Present results showed that Prosopis alba exudate gum emerges as a novel and useful excipient for the development of polyelectrolyte encapsulation systems able to protect functional lipids in meat-based products.

Evolution of soft magnetic, mechanical and electrical properties measured simultaneously during annealing of rapidly solidified alloys Moya, Javier Alberto; Gamarra Caramella, Soledad; Berejnoi, Carlos The structure evolution of some soft magnetic metastables alloys are scanned and studied through some room temperature properties changes employing only one sample submitted to successive heat treatments. These are monitored by changes occurring in room temperature magnetic properties (data obtained from hysteresis loop at 50 Hz and relative permeability at 10 kHz), room and high temperature electrical resistance and dilatometric measurements, all taken simultaneously. The method is applied to study and compare the structural evolution steps towards the most desirable soft magnetic properties of three different soft magnetic alloys of our production: an amorphous alloy of composition Fe 81 B 14 Si 5 , and two nanocrystalline, a Finemet™ (Fe 73.5 Si 16.5 B 6 Cu 1 Nb 3 ) and a Nanomet™ (Fe 81 Si 6 P 4 Cu 1 B 8 ) – type alloys. The technique reproduces the results obtained by traditional methods, and has the advantage of using fewer measuring instruments, sample tests, less time and human resources. In addition, all the experimental data present a high level of detail. With the results obtained, a large quantity of magnetic, electrical and dilatometric data is available to discern the possible applications of these three materials.

Neutron spectrometry of the 9Be(d (1.45 MeV), n)10B reaction for accelerator-based BNCT Capoulat, Maria Eugenia; Sauzet, N.; Valda, Alejandro; Gagetti, Leonardo; Guillaudin, Olivier; Lebreton, Lena; Maire, D.; Mastinu, Pierfrancesco F.; Praena, Javier; Riffard, Q.; Tampón, Benjamín; Santos, Daniel; Kreiner, Andres Juan The 9 Be(d,n) 10 B reaction was proposed in the past as a neutron source for Accelerator-Based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Based on numerical models and scarce experimental information about the neutron spectra, it was proven that low energy deuterons on a thin target may provide neutron beams of therapeutic quality. In particular, an 8–9 μm target bombarded by 1.45 MeV deuterons presents itself as a convenient option. The aim of this work is to provide experimental validation to these numerical models. For this purpose, neutron spectra at 0°, 35°, 60°, 90° and 123° from a (9 ± 1) μm 9 Be target were measured at the CN accelerator of the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. A micro-time projection chamber (μ-TPC) was used as a neutron spectrometer.

Phase separation and emergence of collective motion in a one-dimensional system of active particles Barberis, Lucas Miguel; Peruani San Román, Fernando Miguel We study numerically a one-dimensional system of self-propelled particles, where the state of the particles is given by their moving direction (left or right), which is encoded by a spin-like variable, and their position. Particles interact by short-ranged, spring-like attractive forces and do not possess spin-spin interactions (i.e., velocity alignment). Newton's third law is broken in this model by assuming an asymmetric interaction range that is larger in the direction of the moving direction of the particle. We show that in this nonequilibrium system, due to the absence of the action-reaction symmetry, there exists an intimate link between phase separation and the formation of highly coherent, spatially localized, moving flocks (i.e., collective motion). More specifically, we prove the existence of two fundamentally different types of active phase separation, which we refer to as neutral phase separation (NPS) and polar phase separation. Furthermore, we indicate that NPS is subdivided in two classes with distinct critical exponents. These results are of key importance to understand that in active matter, there exist several phase-separation classes and that the emergence of polar, self-organized patterns (i.e., flocks) does not require the presence of a velocity alignment.

Paradojas del Mundial Argentina 78: estilos, inversiones y rituales Roldan, Diego Pablo El trabajo se centra en analizar las paradojas ocasionadas por las continuidades y discontinuidades de los entramados históricos, sociales, culturales y políticos del Mundial 78. Al comienzo se centra en la figura del entonces Director Técnico de la Selección argentina, Cesar Luis Menotti; para luego dar cuenta de las tensiones internas de los sectores gobernantes en cuanto a los gastos que demandaba la realización del mismo; y finalmente problematizar en dos manifestaciones claves del evento deportivo: la ceremonia inaugural -y su vinculo con el mundo militar-, y las movilizaciones callejeras de festejo luego del triunfo final relacionadas con las líneas de fuga e inversión del carnaval.

On the interaction between focus and distributional properties in multidimensional poverty measurement Seth, Suman; Santos, Maria Emma In the multidimensional poverty measurement literature, most measures satisfy the deprivation focus property, which means that they disregard any improvement in non-deprived achievements. Such measures cannot satisfy strong distributional properties as traditionally defined, because the distributional transformations among the poor are allowed to take place among their non-deprived achievements. We formally address this incompatibility and propose a set of alternative definitions of distributional properties that restrict distributional transformations to take place only among deprived achievements. This alternative definition allows discerning within the set of measures that satisfy the deprivation focus property, those that are strongly sensitive to distributional transformations from those that are not. With this new lens, we review some of the most prominent multidimensional poverty measures proposed in the literature and illustrate how measures within the same class as well as measures across different classes can be discerned from each other based on the alternative definitions.

Fluorescence enhancement novel green analytical method for paraquat herbicide quantification based on immobilization on clay Dominguez, Marina Alejandra; Insausti, Matías; Ilari, Romina; Zanini, Graciela Pilar A new green method was developed for the quantification of paraquat (PQ) in water samples based on the fluorescence emission enhancement of the herbicide signal after adsorption on sodium montmorillonite clay (MMT). Radiant emission processes are favored by increasing the molecular rigidity of the PQ since it adopts a planar position between the nano-sheets of the MMT. The advantages of the use of this clay are nontoxic, low cost and found in abundance in natural reserves. The proposed method was successfully used in determining PQ in natural water samples with recoveries of 73% to 95%. The fluorescence emission showed a good linear relationship with PQ concentrations from 2.0 to 8.0 μmol L-1 with a detection limit of 0.37 μmol L-1. The method is simple, inexpensive and does not require the use of reagents or organic solvents; which makes it very promising to achieve the goals of green chemistry. The proposed methodology could be the beginning of the development of future green sensors.

Redescription of immatures of dasyhelea flavifrons Guérin-Méneville (Culicomorpha: Ceratopogonidae) and new contribution to the knowledge of its larval habitats Diaz, Maria Florentina; Mangudo, Carolina; Gleiser, Raquel M.; Ronderos, Maria Marcela The fourth instar larva and pupa of Dasyhelea flavifrons Guérin-Méneville are redescribed, illustrated, and photomicrographed using binocular, phase-contrast, and scanning electron microscopy. Comparisons with the American species of the grisea group were made. The immatures were collected by using a siphon bottle in tree-holes and from water collected in dead snail shells in Salta Province, Argentina, transported to the laboratory and there bred to the emergence of the adults. Details on larval habitats are given. These are the first records from Argentina and in gastrotelmata.

Generación de nanopartículas de quitosano empleando micelas inversas como nanomolde y su evaluación como agente antimicrobiano e inmunoestimulante en glándula mamaria bovina Orellano, María Soledad La mastitis bovina (MB) es una inflamación de la glándula mamaria (GM) producida como respuesta al ingreso de microorganismos a través del canal del pezón. Esta enfermedad genera grandes pérdidas económicas a la actividad lechera nacional y mundial. Su tratamiento consiste en el uso de antibióticos, sin embargo, estos no pueden eliminar por completo la infección debido a que se genera resistencia a los mismos. Además, los patógenos desarrollan mecanismos de supervivencia tales como la formación de biofilm y la sobrevida a nivel intracelular en las células bovinas, evadiendo las terapias antibióticas y la respuesta inmune del huésped. Por lo tanto, se necesitan nuevas terapias que permitan disminuir el uso de antibióticos y que actúen como inmunoestimulante para superar los mecanismos de evasión que desarrollan los patógenos. Las nanopartículas (NPs) han atraído recientemente mucha atención como agentes antimicrobianos. El quitosano (Q) es un polisacárido no tóxico, biocompatible, y con actividad antibacteriana. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo, se propuso obtener nanopartículas de quitosano (NPs-Q) y evaluar el potencial de dicha formulación para el tratamiento de la MB. El empleo de micelas inversas (MIs) como nanoreactores ofrece una vía sintética que permite obtener NPs de tamaño controlado. Sin embargo, es una metodología de síntesis muy poco explorada en la obtención de NPs-Q. En este trabajo se propuso llevar a cabo el entrecruzamiento de Q con glutaraldehído (G) empleando dos nanoreactores micelares marcadamente diferentes: benceno/cloruro de bencil-hexadecil-dimetilamonio (BHDC)/H2O y n-heptano/ bis-(2-etilhexil) sulfosuccinato de sodio (AOT)/H2O. Además, se planteó evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de las NPs-Q frente a bacterias del género Staphylococcus aislados de casos de MB y su actividad inmunoestimulante en células epiteliales de GM bovina. En este trabajo de tesis fue posible poner a punto una metodología de síntesis de NPs-Q empleando distintas MIs como nanoreactores. Las MIs permitieron obtener NPs de dimensiones nanométricas y con baja polidispersidad. Además, fue posible controlar el tamaño final de las partículas variando la concentración de reactivos, concentración de G y contenido acuoso del nanoreactor. Además, se demostró que las propiedades interfaciales de las MIs influyen en la reacción de Q con G, siendo más efectivo el entrecruzamiento en MIs de n-heptano/AOT/H2O. Por otro lado, se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana de NPs-Q de diferentes tamaños obtenidas en distintas MIs, encontrando que, indistintamente del sistema empleado como nanoreactor, la actividad antimicrobiana es mayor mientras menor es el diámetro de partícula. Las NPs-Q que mostraron mejor potencial fueron evaluadas como agente antimicrobiano y antibiofilm frente a diez aislamientos del género Staphylococcus empleando diversas técnicas. Las NPs-Q desarrolladas presentaron efecto bactericida frente a todas las cepas evaluadas, exhibiendo mejor efecto que el polímero Q. Además, NPs-Q inhibieron la formación de biofilm de cepas y redujeron el número de bacterias internalizadas en células epiteliales de GM bovina, demostrando bloquear los dos principales mecanismos de supervivencia desarrollado por los patógenos. El tratamiento de biofilms preformados con NPs-Q fue capaz de erradicar los biofilms bacterianos luego de 48 h de tratamiento. Las NPs-Q no mostraron toxicidad en células bovinas. Si bien no exhibieron capacidad de estimular la producción de citoquinas pro-inflamatorias y anti-inflamatorias en células epiteliales de GM bovina, se encontró que son capaces de actuar como nanotransportadores, lo que permite cargarlas con algún compuesto que presenten esta propiedad. Todos los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo demuestran el gran potencial de NPs-Q obtenidas en MIs para ser empleadas en el tratamiento de la MB.; Bovine mastitis (BM) is an inflammatory response to the microbial colonization of mammary gland and is responsible for major economic losses on dairy farms worldwide. Currently, BM treatment consists of antibiotic therapies. However, antibiotics usually cannot eradicate completely the infection due of acquired drug resistance and survival mechanisms of bacteria such as biofilm formation and the ability of bacterial pathogens to attach to and enter epithelial cells enables them to evade host defenses and antibiotic therapy. So new therapeutic strategies are needed to decrease or replace the use of antibiotics. Nanoparticles have recently attracted much attention as antimicrobial agents, proposed as a promising strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Chitosan (Ch) is a polysaccharide with low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and antibacterial activity. The aim of this work wasevaluate the potential of chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs) obtained by the reverse micellar methodas therapeutic agent to BM treatment. In this work Ch-NPs with different and controlled sizes were successfully prepared by cross-linking reaction of glutaraldehyde (G) and Ch inside of n-heptane/sodium bis-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate (AOT)/water and benzene/benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride (BHDC)/ water reverse micelles (RMs). Highly monodisperse NPs were synthesized and the particle size was dependent on the reactants concentration, G concentration and the amount of water inside of the RMs used asnanoreactors. Also, reverse micellar interface affected cross-linking reaction of G and Ch, showing more efficiency inside AOT RMs. These facts were explained with the correlation of theoretical and experimental results. Ch-NPs obtained from different RMsshowed a size-dependent antimicrobial activity against BM pathogens. Additionally, we found that the nanoformulation developed presents antimicrobial activity in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, different experiments corroborated that the antimicrobial effectiveness of Ch-NP was greater than that shown by the native polymer used in the preparation of these nanocomposites. Ch-NPs inhibited bacterial biofilm formation and reduced S. aureusinternalization into bovine mammary epithelial cell affecting the survival mechanisms of pathogens. In addition, there were not toxic for bovine cells. An incubation for 48h with Ch-NPs eradicated preformed Staphylococcusbiofilms. In despite of their excellent antimicrobial efficiency, Ch-NPs did not show to promote pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines production by mammary epithelial cells. Nevertheless, Ch-NPs showed the ability to entrap hydrophobic molecules inside them, which allows encapsulate an inmmunostimulant compound to developed an improved therapy. All findings exposed demonstrate the great potential of Ch-NPs synthesized by the reverse micellar method as therapeutic agent for BM treatment.

On the electromechanical coupling in electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters Saravia, César Martín This paper presents a theoretical and numerical analysis of the electromechanical coupling occurring in levitation-based electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters. The relevant mathematical and physical aspects of its formulation are analyzed; the focus is put on the practical consequences of the hypotheses made during the derivation process. Its effects on the dynamical response of the harvester are addressed. A detailed mathematical description of the harvester equations of motion is also presented; this includes a derivation of the expressions that describe both the mechanical and electromagnetic phenomena that take place in the device. Numerical tests are conducted in order to compare two formulations of the electromechanical coupling. It is found that a consistent electromechanical coupling is obtained if it is written in terms of the electric current; also, the classical formulation in terms of the electromechanical damping coefficient leads to an inconsistent description of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon; which, among other things, does not conserves the total energy.

New national and regional bryophyte records, 59 Ellis, L. T.; Almeida, L. A.; Peralta, D. F.; Backor, M.; Baisheva, E. Z.; Bednarek Ochyra, H.; Burghardt, M.; Czernyadjeva, I. V.; Kholod, S. S.; Potemkin, A. D.; Erdag, A.; Kirmaci, M.; Fedosov, V. E.; Ignatov, M. S.; Koltysheva, D. E.; Flores, Jorge Rafael; Fuertes, E.; Goga, M.; Guo, S. L.; Hofbauer, W.K.; Kurzthaler, M.; Kürschner, H.; Kuznetsova, O. I.; Lebouvier, M.; Long, D.G.; Mamontov, Yu. S.; Manjula, K. M.; Manju, C.N.; Mufeed, B.; Müller, F.; Nair, M.C.; Nobis, M.; Norhazrina, N.; Aisyah, M.; Lee, G. E.; Philippe, M.; Philippov, D.A.; Pláek, V.; Komínková, Z.; Porley, R. D.; Rebriev, Yu. A.; Sabovljevic, M.S.; de Souza, A. M.; Valente, E. B.; Spitale, D.; Srivastava, P.; Sahu, V.; Asthana, A.K.; Ştefănuţ, S.; Suarez, Guillermo Martin; Vilnet, A. A.; Yao, K. Y.; Zhao, J. Ch. Aulacopilum glaucum, in the family Erpodiaceae, has recently been identified from Manipur in north-east India, and is new to the Eastern Himalayas. It was earlier reported from the Western Ghats (Daniels et al. 2012), Eastern Ghats (Asthana and Srivastava 2016) and the Western Himalayas (Sahu and Asthana 2016). In India there are 4 species of Aulacopilum Wilson (Lal 2005; Daniels et al. 2012). Aulacopilum glaucum can be easily recognised by the presence of dimorphic leaves; broad dorsal leaves and narrow ventral leaves with numerous rhizoids. The plants were bright green, with an irregularly branched, creeping stem, 12–15 mm long. Leaves were in four rows (2 dorsal and 2 ventral), closely imbricate, complanate, ecostate and papillose with crenulate margins. The dorsal leaves were ovate-lanceolate, 0.64 × 0.32 mm, whilst the ventral leaves were narrowly lanceolate, 0.48 × 0.16 mm.

La imagen y el archivo: formas de contacto Porrua, Ana Maria El presente trabajo recupera ciertos aspectos de Les Chants de Maldoror de Lautréamont para pensar modos de la imagen, sus resoluciones y sus cortes, a partir de las vanguardias históricas de 1920. En ambos casos trabajaremos sobre la relación imagen-visibilidad, a partir de ciertas disposiciones y modos de exhibición de los objetos y la naturaleza. Se analizará el contexto de la imagen lautremonsiana y sus relaciones con el discurso científico, y se postulará una lectura de la imagen como archivo en el sentido que le da a este término Foucault, como la ley que permite regular los enunciados.; This work looks back at certain aspects of Lautréamont’s Les chants de Maldoror in order to reflect on the modes of the image —its resolutions and breaks— in the context of the modernist outlook of the 1920s. In both cases, the focus is placed on the relationship between image and visibility, based on certain dispositions, or modes of exhibition, of both objects and nature. The context of the Lautreamontian image will also be analyzed, as well as its associations with the scientific discourse of the time. The image will be read as an archive in the Foucauldian sense; that is, as the law that enables the regulation of statements.; El present treball recupera certs aspectes de Les Chants de Maldoror de Lautréamont per pensar formes de la imatge i les seves resolucions, talls, a partir de les avantguardes històriques de 1920. En ambdós casos treballarem sobre la relació imatge-visibilitat, a partir de certes disposicions, maneres d’exhibicions dels objectes i la natura. S’analitzarà el context de la imatge lautremonsiana i les seves relacions amb el discurs científic, i es postularà una lectura de la imatge com arxiu en el sentit que dóna Foucault a aquest terme, com la llei que permet regular els enunciats.

Literatura, compromiso e intelectual: la influencia del pensamiento sartreano en la ensayística de Mario Benedetti; Literature, commitment and the intellectual: The influence of Sartrean thought in the essays of Mario Benedetti Correa Lust, Constanza Inés Mario Benedetti es uno de los escritores uruguayos más prolíficos y más leídos en todo el mundo. Conocido sobre todo por su poesía y su narrativa, la crítica le dedicó gran cantidad de estudios a estos géneros, dejando un tanto relegado el abordaje de su prosa de ideas, correspondiente a sus ensayos, artículos periodísticos y la crítica literaria. No obstante, es justamente en este ámbito de su producción literaria donde podemos encontrar verbalizadas de manera explícita sus principales preocupaciones respecto de la literatura y el rol del escritor. Todas las reflexiones que Benedetti realiza en estos artículos son llevados a la práctica en el resto de los géneros por él abordados, en un profundo acto de coherencia. El mayor ejemplo de esto quizá sea su constante preocupación por el compromiso de la literatura, tópico de innegable filiación sartreana. El presente artículo propone realizar un análisis de la manera en que influyó el pensamiento de Jean Paul Sartre en la literatura de Mario Benedetti, mediante un relevamiento de sus principales textos ensayísticos.; Mario Benedetti is one of the most productive and widely read Uruguayan writers. Renowned for his poetry and narrative, the critic devoted a great deal of writing to these genres leaving aside his essays, articles and literary critique. However, it is in this area of his writing that his concerns about literature and the role of the writer can be found. His reflections in these articles are intertwined in the other genres cultivated by him with outstanding coherence. A major example might be his concern about the commitment of literature, undoubtedly related to Sartre’s principles. This article intends an analysis of Jean Paul Sartre’s influence in his literature by surveying his main essays.

El cuerpo de la imagen y la locura en Aby Warburg: una reflexión a partir de fuentes renacentistas; The body of the image and madness in Aby Warburg: a reflection from renaissance sources Ludueña, Fabian Javier El presente artículo tiene como propósito interrogarse sobre la matriz conceptual según la cual Aby Warburg interpretó tanto El Nacimiento de la Primavera como la Primavera de Sandro Botticelli. Por un lado, proponemos un análisis del papel desempeñado por la poesía del dolce stil nuovo y el neoplatonismo en la comprensión warburguiana de las alegorías de Botticelli. Por otro lado, intentamos dar cuenta de la significación filosófica de la hipótesis explicativa de Warburg a través de un estudio del comentario de Marsilio Ficino al poema Donna me prega de Guido Cavalcanti. La interpretación de Ficino toma como base la noción de spiritus y la desubjetivación de los amantes en beneficio de las potencias cosmológicas. De esta manera, la forclusión del cuerpo resulta la condición de posibilidad del fantasma como auténtico objeto de deseo. Esta interpretación es sancionada por la original apropiación de Ficino de la teoría platónica de las dos Venus (celestial y vulgar). Finalmente, avanzamos la hipótesis según la cual la escisión de las dos Venus en la tradición neoplatónica marca un hito en la historia de la metafísica y juega un papel preponderante en la comprensión que Warburg tendrá de su propio período de internación psiquiátrica en Kreuzlingen desde 1921 a 1924.; The following article intends to inquire into the conceptual framework according to which Aby Warburg interpreted both Sandro Botticelli’s Birth of Venus and Primavera. On one hand, we propose an analysis of the role played by the poetry of the dolce stil nuovo and neoplatonism as a means of tackling the warburguian understanding of Botticelli’s allegories. On the other hand, we try to grasp the philosophical meaning of Warburg’s hypotheses by studying Marsilio Ficino’s commentary to Guido Calvacanti’s poem Donna me prega. Ficino’s interpretation is founded on the notion of spiritus and the desubjectification of the lovers in favour of the cosmological forces. In this way, the foreclosure of the body is presented as the condition of possibility for the phantasm to become the authentic object of desire. This interpretation is sanctioned by Ficino’s original appropriation of the Platonic theory of the two Venuses (celestial and vulgar). Finally, we advance the hypothesis that the splitting between the two Venuses in the neoplatonic tradition is a landmark in the history of metaphysics and plays a fundamental role in the way that Warburg will understand his own period of psychiatric reclusion in Kreuzlingen since 1921 to 1924.

Egg production in relation to paternal weight in a freshwater caridean shrimp (Decapoda) Tropea, Carolina; Sganga, Daniela Eliana; López Greco, Laura Susana In diverse invertebrate species, sperm quantity and quality are positively correlated with male size, egg fertilization rates being consequently affected by paternal weight. This factor may also have an indirect effect on egg quality, because females could adjust the quantity of yolk stored in oocytes before spawning according to their partner attractiveness. The objective of the present study was to determine whether paternal weight influences egg production in a freshwater crustacean with external egg fertilization, the caridean shrimp Neocaridina davidi. Virgin females weighing 60-100 mg were paired with virgin males weighing 20-50 mg. The number (total and fertilized), size (volume, wet and dry weight) and carotenoid content of eggs were recorded for each pair. Paternal weight was not associated to any of the evaluated egg variables, while maternal weight showed a positive correlation with egg number and a negative correlation with egg carotenoid content. The percentage of fertilized eggs was similar and near 100% for all paternal sizes, which indicates that small mature males provided enough good-quality sperm to fertilize almost all the oocytes laid by females, similarly to larger males. The relatively low fecundity of N. davidi females may explain, at least in part, the absence of sperm limitation even under a hypothetical decrease in sperm supply by smaller males. In addition, paternal weight had no effect on egg volume, weight and carotenoid content, which suggests that females do not modulate the total amount of biochemical reserves allocated to the maturing ovary as a function of their partner size. Present results are the starting point for a future evaluation of sperm production, in terms of quantity and quality, in males of different size and physiological condition.