Metabolic labeling of surface neo-sialylglyconjugates catalyzed by trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase Carlevaro, Giannina Alejandra; Lantos, Andrés Bernardo Gabriel; Canepa, Gaspar Exequiel; Camara, Maria de Los Milagros; Somoza, Martín; Buscaglia, Carlos Andres; Campetella, Oscar Eduardo; Mucci, Juan Sebastián Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan agent of Chagas disease, has evolved an innovative metabolic pathway by which protective sialic acid (SA) residues are scavenged from host sialylglycoconjugates and transferred onto parasite surface mucin-like molecules (or surface glycoconjugates from host target cells) by means of a unique trans-sialidase (TS) enzyme. TS-induced changes in the glycoprotein sialylation profile of both parasite and host cells are crucial for the establishment of a persistent T. cruzi infection and for the development of Chagas disease-associated pathogenesis. In this chapter, we describe a novel metabolic labeling method developed in our labs that enables straightforward identification and molecular characterization of SA acceptors of the TS-catalyzed reaction.

Teología y ley natural en la concepción de la soberanía de Jean Bodin; Theology and Natural Law in the Conception of the Sovereignty of Jean bodin; Teologia e lei natural na concepção da soberania de Jean Bodin Juri, Yamila Eliana El artículo propone el análisis del pensamiento del autor francés Jean Bodin en lo que respecta a la naturaleza de la ley natural, ya que este la sitúa como un límite al poder en su célebre teoría de la soberanía, que marca los inicios de la teoría política de la modernidad. Se aborda también el tema religioso que atraviesa todas sus obras y la impronta voluntarista reflejada en su doctrina, en lo referente a la noción de potencia absoluta y relativa.; The article proposes the analysis of the thought of the French author Jean Bodin with regard to the nature of natural law, since he places it as a limit to power in his famous theory of sovereignty that marks the beginnings of the political theory of modernity. It also addresses the religious theme that permeates all his works and the voluntarist imprint reflected in his doctrine, in relation to the notion of absolute and relative power; O artigo propõe a análise do pensamento do autor francês Jean Bodin em relação à natureza da lei natural, uma vez que a coloca como limite do poder em sua famosa teo- ria da soberania que marca os primórdios da teoria política do direito a modernidade Aborda também o tema religioso que atravessa toda as suas obras e a impressão vo- luntarista refletida em sua doutrina, em relação à noção de poder absoluto e relativo.

Multi-scale analysis of functional plankton diversity in floodplain wetlands: Effects of river regulation Chaparro, Griselda Noemí; O'farrell, Ines; Hein, Thomas Riverine floodplains are among the most diverse and dynamic ecosystems, but river regulation measures have altered the natural hydrological regime threatening their ecological integrity. We compared spatial patterns of phyto- and zooplankton functional diversity and of environmental heterogeneity between floodplain wetlands located in free-flowing and impounded stretches of the Danube River (Austria). We included two nested spatial scales (different habitats and water sections within wetland areas) and two contrasting hydrological conditions (post-flood, no flood). Environmental heterogeneity was lower in the wetland in the impounded stretch than in the free-flowing ones. At post-flood conditions, increased alpha diversity of rotifers and microcrustaceans and decreased beta diversity of phytoplankton and rotifers occurred in the impounded stretch as compared to the wetlands in free-flowing one. Beta diversity was higher between water sections than between habitats in free-flowing wetlands and similar across scales in the wetland in the impounded stretch. Regarding functional composition, the wetland in the impounded stretch hosted more homogeneous communities, as some ecological traits were nearly absent. Our results indicate that patterns of functional diversity in floodplain wetlands affected by river regulation are altered, highlighting the major role of the gradient of lateral connectivity and dynamic water level fluctuations as drivers for planktic diversity in river floodplains. This study contributes with essential knowledge to optimize restoration and diversity conservation measures in riverine ecosystems.

Creation of heterogeneous microstructures in copper using high-pressure torsion to enhance mechanical properties Jamalian, Maryam; Hamid, Mehdi; de Vincentis, Natalia Soledad; Buck, Quentin; Field, David P.; Zbib, Hussein M. This paper studies the effects of high-pressure torsion (HPT) at ambient temperature on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties enhancement in pure copper. The aim is to introduce gradient microstructure, with various statistical distributions of grain size and grain orientations to examine their effect on strength and ductility. To this end, extruded cylindrical pure copper subjected to HPT for 1, 2, and 3-turns resulted in grain refinement down to the grain size of 500 nm. Combination of microhardness test and EBSD scans through the radial direction confirm the creation of a heterogeneous structure through the thickness and radial directions. The results demonstrate that increasing the shear strain leads to (1) ultra-fine grain (UFG) generation at deformed coarse-grain boundaries, (2) an increase in the fraction of recrystallized grains and high angle grain boundaries, and (3) a homogenous structure in the last step. A unique mixture has been obtained due to the particular shape of the anvils. The mixture included a chain of UFGs and coarse grains contain dislocations and subgrains. The highest level of gradient structure through the thickness was observed after 1-turn, which leads to the best combination of strength and ductility.

Estadísticas, estereotipos y grupos desfavorecidos. Algunos límites del apoyo estadístico a los estereotipos Arena, Federico José Existe una visión ilustrada de los estereotipos que, a diferencia de la visión tradicional, sostiene que los estereotipos (enunciados que asocian a un grupo de personas -identificado mediante un rasgo X- un rasgo Y), funcionan de manera similar a las generalizaciones y, por lo tanto, pueden ser contrastados con los hechos, determinando si poseen base estadística. En este trabajo intentaré mostrar, primero, que hay algunos estereotipos, como los que incluyen conceptos interpretativos, que no pueden ser directamente contrastados con los hechos y, segundo, que aun cuando un estereotipo posea base estadística, no siempre justifica la creación una norma general. Bajo ciertas condiciones, cuando el estereotipo se refiere a grupos desfavorecidos, la decisión debe ajustarse a las características del caso individual.

Aportes conceptuales y epistemológicos en la producción escrita de Evelyn Levy al campo psicopedagógico: Interpelación interdisciplinaria y viscosidad del pensamiento; Evelyn Levy’s conceptual and epistemological contributions to the psychopedagogical field: Interdisciplinary interpellation and viscosity of thought Ventura, Ana Clara; Bertoldi, Sandra Indagar en la producción de conceptos psicopedagógicos es altamente necesario para contribuir a una sólida relación entre episteme y profesión. A pesar de su notable importancia, hallamos escasos acuerdos internacionales en torno a cuáles son los conocimientos específicamente psicopedagógicos. En el marco de una investigación epistemológica más amplia, analizamos los aportes conceptuales y epistemológicos de la producción de Evelyn Levy al campo psicopedagógico. Construimos una técnica de análisis de contenido del discurso basada en cinco etapas: (1) Lectura cronológica; (2) Detección de conceptos teóricos/instrumentales y distinción entre denominación, definición y función interpretación; (3) Descripción del encuadre cultural de emergencia; (4) Análisis epistemológico de la presencia de desplazamientos teóricos, dinámica de continuidad (origen) y transformación (comienzo) conceptual; (5) Grado de rigurosidad epistemológica. Analizamos ocho artículos publicados entre los años 1982-2008, en revistas especializadas de Buenos Aires, y tres capítulos de libros, editados entre los años 1988-2001. Hallamos dos conceptos teóricos propios del campo psicopedagógico: interpelación interdisciplinaria y viscosidad del pensamiento, que muestran una actitud de vigilancia epistemológica al distanciarse de visiones normativas prescriptivas, pero que conservan el carácter constructivo de los conceptos de origen. Se discute la relevancia teórica y metodológica de este estudio para la construcción de un marco epistemológico específicamente psicopedagógico.; Inquiring the production of psychopedagogical concepts is highly necessary to contribute to a solid relationship between academic and professional field. Despite its remarkable importance, we find few international agreements on what specifically is psychopedagogical knowledge. Within the framework of a broader epistemological research, we analyze the conceptual and epistemological contributions of Evelyn Levy's production to the psychopedagogical field. We build a technique for the analysis of discourse content based on five steps: (1) Chronological reading; (2) Detection of theoretical / instrumental concepts and distinction between denomination, definition and function interpretation; (3) Description of the emergency cultural setting; (4) Epistemological analysis of the presence of theoretical displacements, continuity dynamics (origin) and conceptual transformation (beginning); (5) Degree of epistemological rigorousness. We analyzed eight articles published, between the years 1982-2008, in specialized journals of Buenos Aires and three book chapters, edited between the years 1988-2001. We found two theoretical concepts of the psychopedagogical field: interdisciplinary interpellation and viscosity of thought showing an attitude of epistemological vigilance by distancing themselves from prescriptive normative views, while preserving the constructive nature of the concepts of origin. The theoretical and methodological relevance of this study for the construction of a specifically psychopedagogical epistemological framework is discussed.

A multiple peak adaptive landscape based on feeding strategies and roosting ecology shaped the evolution of cranial covariance structure and morphological differentiation in phyllostomid bats Rossoni, Daniela M.; Costa, Bárbara M. A.; Giannini, Norberto Pedro; Marroig, Gabriel We explored the evolution of morphological integration in the most noteworthy example of adaptive radiation in mammals, the New World leaf-nosed bats, using a massive dataset and by combining phylogenetic comparative methods and quantitative genetic approaches. We demonstrated that the phenotypic covariance structure remained conserved on a broader phylogenetic scale but also showed a substantial divergence between interclade comparisons. Most of the phylogenetic structure in the integration space can be explained by splits at the beginning of the diversification of major clades. Our results provide evidence for a multiple peak adaptive landscape in the evolution of cranial covariance structure and morphological differentiation, based upon diet and roosting ecology. In this scenario, the successful radiation of phyllostomid bats was triggered by the diversification of dietary and roosting strategies, and the invasion of these new adaptive zones lead to changes in phenotypic covariance structure and average morphology. Our results suggest that intense natural selection preceded the invasion of these new adaptive zones and played a fundamental role in shaping cranial covariance structure and morphological differentiation in this hyperdiverse clade of mammals. Finally, our study demonstrates the power of combining comparative methods and quantitative genetic approaches when investigating the evolution of complex morphologies.

Structural properties and vibrational analysis of Potassium 5-Br-2-isonicotinoyltrifluoroborate salt. Effect of Br on the isonicotinoyl ring Iramain, Maximiliano Alberto; Ledesma, Ana Estela; Brandan, Silvia Antonia In this work, the potassium 5-Br-2-isonicotinoyltrifluoroborate salt (B-ITFB) have been experimentally characterized by using FT-IR, FT-Raman and ultravioleta-visible spectra while Ab-initio calculations in gas and in aqueous solution phases were employed to predict their structural and vibrational properties.Here, the results were compared with those reported for the potassium 2-isonicotinoyltrifluorborate salt (ITFB) in order to know the impact of Br on the 2-isonicotinoyl ring and its effects on the properties of B-ITFB. Potential energy surface using B3LYP/6-311þþG** calculations has revealed two conformers for B-ITFB with C1 symmetries where only one of them presents the minimum energy. The incorporation of Br in the 5 position of isonicotinoyl ring generates: (i) a change in the symmetry from CS in ITFB to C1 in B-ITFB, (ii) a decreasing in the solvation energy due to higher size of Br, (iii) notable reduction in the Mulliken charges on all the C atoms of ring and, especially, on the C11 atom of trifluoroborate group in both media, (v) smaller bond order values, (vi) an important inductive acceptor effect, (vii) a decreasingin the electron density distribution, specifically in solution and (viii) a smaller reactivity and low electrophilicity and nucleophilicity indexes, as compared with ITFB. On the other hand, for B-ITFB the force fields in both media, the complete assignments of 45 normal vibration modes and the force constants are reported for first time

Paediatric and adult-onset male hypogonadism Salonia, Andrea; Rastrelli, Giulia; Hackett, Geoffrey; Seminara, Stephanie B.; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo T.; Rey, Rodolfo Alberto; Hellstrom, Wayne J. G.; Palmert, Mark R.; Corona, Giovanni; Dohle, Gert R.; Khera, Mohit; Chan, Yee-Ming; Maggi, Mario The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis is of relevance in many processes related to the development, maturation and ageing of the male. Through this axis, a cascade of coordinated activities is carried out leading to sustained testicular endocrine function, with gonadal testosterone production, as well as exocrine function, with spermatogenesis. Conditions impairing the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis during paediatric or pubertal life may result in delayed puberty. Late-onset hypogonadism is a clinical condition in the ageing male combining low concentrations of circulating testosterone and specific symptoms associated with impaired hormone production. Testosterone therapy for congenital forms of hypogonadism must be lifelong, whereas testosterone treatment of late-onset hypogonadism remains a matter of debate because of unclear indications for replacement, uncertain efficacy and potential risks. This Primer focuses on a reappraisal of the physiological role of testosterone, with emphasis on the critical interpretation of the hypogonadal conditions throughout the lifespan of the male individual, with the exception of hypogonadal states resulting from congenital disorders of sex development.

José Revueltas y el ser nacional mexicano: Continuidades y mutaciones entre la novela y el ensayo; José revueltas e o ser nacional mexicano: continuidades e mutações entre o romance e o ensaio Victory, Solange Este trabajo se propone reflexionar acerca de la congruencia entre el proyecto político-intelectual del escritor mexicano José Revueltas -tal como este se declara en sus ensayos teóricos y en su praxis militante- y sus novelas. Se partirá del diálogo polémico con aquellas interpretaciones que proponen una contradicción entre tales zonas del proyecto creador del autor. Esta problemática será abordada a partir de la lectura, el análisis textual y la comparación de El luto humano, novela de 1943, y Posibilidades y limitaciones del mexicano, ensayo de interpretación histórica de 1950. Se hará foco en el modo en que en estos textos aparece, funciona y es puesto en tensión el discurso identificado con la corriente de pensamiento conocida como filosofía de lo mexicano o ensayo sobre el ser nacional mexicano. Si bien la comparación superficial entre los textos arroja la ya estudiada contradicción entre novela y ensayo político que nos interesa analizar aquí, a través de la argumentación del artículo se concluirá por demostrar que tanto en ambos es posible leer una relación de tensión con la corriente de pensamiento conocida como filosofía de lo mexicano, aunque la crítica se emprende de modo diverso en cada género. De esta forma, se demostrará que es posible pensar en una coherencia o una unidad de índole superior entre ambas zonas textuales, unidad ya esbozada por el propio Revueltas a través del concepto de ?realismo materialista-dialéctico? como eje para su escritura.; Este trabalho pretende refletir a propósito da congruência entre o projeto político-intelectual do escritor mexicano José Revueltas – tal como este afirma em seus ensaios teóricos e em sua práxis militante- e os seus romances. Partiremos do diálogo polêmico com aquelas interpretações que propõem uma contradição entre tais áreas do projeto criativo do autor. Este problema será abordado a partir da leitura, análise textual e comparação entre El luto humano, romance publicado em 1943, e "Posibilidades y limitaciones del mexicano", ensaio de interpretação histórica do ano 1950. O foco será colocado sobre a maneira em que nesses textos aparece, funciona e se tensiona o discurso identificado com a corrente de pensamento conhecida como "filosofia do mexicano" ou ensaio sobre o "ser nacional mexicano". Embora a comparação superficial entre os textos lance a já estudada contradição entre romance e ensaio "político" que nos interessa analisar aqui, através da argumentação do artigo, se concluirá por demonstrar que tanto no romance quanto no ensaio é possível ler uma relação de tensão com a corrente de pensamento conhecida como filosofia do mexicano, ainda que crítica se empreenda de modo diverso em cada gênero. Desta forma, será demonstrado que é possível se pensar uma coerência ou uma unidade de natureza superior entre as duas áreas textuais, uma unidade já esboçada pelo próprio Revueltas através do conceito de “realismo materialista-dialético” como eixo de sua escrita.

El servus currens en Terencio o la transformación de una secuencia cómica Suarez, Marcela Alejandra Desde la perspectiva de Faure Ribreau (2012, pp.115-116), la persona del servus se define a partir de un conjunto de motivos y escenas tradicionales que componen su código. Esto significa que el servus bonus y el servus callidus no representan figuras opuestas de la persona, sino una persona única pues un esclavo es bonus o callidus en virtud de su situación. Dicho de otro modo, el recorrido escénico de un servus está marcado por las múltiples variaciones que sufren los motivos típicos de la persona, promovidas por su situación y su acción en la intriga. Ahora bien, dentro de las rutinas que describen las acciones de un esclavo en escena se ubica el servus currens. Terencio se vale de ella en siete pasajes: Andria (338 ss.), Phormio (179 ss., 841 ss.), Adelphoe (299 ss.) y Hecyra (431-443; 799-807; 808-815). En esta ocasión abordaremos pues dichos pasajes con el objetivo de analizar las particularidades que el motivo despliega en cada comedia y definir de este modo la originalidad terenciana.; From the perspective of Faure Ribreau (2012, pp.115-116), the persona of servus is defined from a set of traditional motifs and scenes that makes up his code. Often, the scenic journey of this mask is marked by the multiple variations that the typical motifs suffer, promoted by their situation and their action in the intrigue. Now, within the routines that describe the actions of a slave on stage is located the servus currens. Terencio uses it in seven passages: Andria (338 ss.), Phormio (179 ss, 841 ss.), Adelphoe (299 ss.) and Hecyra (431-443; 799-807; 808-815). On this occasion we will therefore address these passages with the aim of analyzing the particularities that the motif displays in each comedy and thus definesthe Terencian originality.

More than words: Social cognition across variants of primary progressive aphasia Fittipaldi, María Sol; Ibañez, Agustín; Baez, Sandra; Manes, Facundo Francisco; Sedeño, Lucas; García, Adolfo Martín Although primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is clinically typified by linguistic impairments, emerging evidence highlights the presence of early deficits in social cognition. This review systematically describes the latter patterns, specifying their relation to the characteristic linguistic dysfunctions and atrophy patterns of non-fluent, semantic, and logopenic variants of the disease (nfvPPA, svPPA, and lvPPA, respectively), relative to closely related dementia types. Whereas the evidence on lvPPA proves scant, studies on nfvPPA and svPPA patients show consistent deficits in emotion recognition, theory of mind, and empathy. Notably, these seem to be intertwined with language impairments in nfvPPA, but they prove primary and independent of language disturbances in svPPA. Also, only the profile of svPPA resembles that of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, probably reflecting the overlap of fronto-temporal disruptions in both conditions. In short, the neurocognitive relationship between linguistic and socio-cognitive deficits cannot be precisely predicated for PPA as a whole; instead, specific links must be acknowledged in each variant. These emergent patterns pave the way for fruitful dimensional research in the field.

Photo-fenton and riboflavin-photosensitized processes of the isoxaflutole herbicide Gatica, Eduardo Antonio; Possetto, David Ivan; Reynoso, Agustina; Natera, Jose Eduardo; Miskoski, Sandra; De Gerónimo, Eduardo; Bregliani, Mabel Margarita; Pajares, Adriana Mabel; Massad, Walter Alfredo The proherbicide Isoxaflutole (IXF) hydrolyzes spontaneously to diketonitrile (DKN) a phytotoxic compound with herbicidal activity. In this work, the sensitized degradation of IXF using Riboflavin (Rf), a typical environmentally friendly sensitizer, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes has been studied. The results indicate that only the photo-Fenton process produces a significant degradation of the IXF. Photolysis experiments of IXF sensitized by Riboflavin is not a meaningful process, IXF quenches the Rf excited triplet (3 Rf*) state with a quenching rate constant of 1.5 107 M1 s 1 and no reaction is observed with the species O2( 1 Dg) or O 2 generated from 3 Rf*. The Fenton reaction produces no changes in the IXF concentration. While the photo-Fenton process of the IXF, under typical conditions, it produces a degradation of 99% and a mineralization to CO2 and H2O of 88%. A rate constant value of 1.0 3 109 M1 s 1 was determined for the reaction between IXF and HO˙. The photo-Fenton process degradation products were identified by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis.

Influencia de variables sociodemográficas en el réndimiento de la Frontal Assessment Battery en adultos mayores argentinoss; Influence of sociodemographic variables on the performance of the Frontal Assessment Battery in Argentine older adults Aschiero, María Belén; Gonzalez Aguilar, Maria Josefina; Grasso, Lina Introducción. La Frontal Assesment Battery (FAB) es una herramienta de screening de valoración rápida de las funciones ejecutivas. Estudios previos evidencian que variables sociodemográficas como la edad, el sexo y el nivel educativo podrían influir en el rendimiento de la FAB. El objetivo del estudio es analizar, en adultos mayores argentinos provenientes de la población general y sin deterioro cognitivo (evaluados según el Minimental, pruebas de fluidez verbal semántica y fonológica y el Test del Reloj) si existe diferencia en la FAB a partir de dichas variables. Metodología. Se analizó el rendimiento de 145 adultos mayores provenientes de la población general y sin deterioro cognitivo entre 60 y 90 años. Se realizaron estudios de diferencias de medias (t de Student y ANOVA), análisis univariante de la varianza, correlaciones (r de Pearson) y regresiones lineales simples para analizar la influencia de la edad, el sexo, el nivel educativo y el rendimiento cognitivo en la FAB. Resultados. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el puntaje total de la FAB en función del nivel educativo, pero no en función de la edad, ni el sexo. Asimismo, se encontró que el puntaje de la FAB se correlacionó con otras pruebas de screening cognitivo, como el Minimental, el Test del Reloj y fluidez verbal (fonológica y semántica). Conclusiones. El presente estudio presenta resultados que señalan la importancia de considerar el nivel educativo en la valoración de la FAB.; Introduction. The Frontal Assesment Battery (FAB) is a screening tool for a quick assessment of executive functions. Previous studies show that sociodemographic variables such as age, sex and educational level may influence the performance of the FAB. The objective of this study is to analyze, in elderly Argentines from the general population and without cognitive impairment (assessed according to the Minimental, semantic and phonological verbal fluency tests and the Clock Test) if there are differences in the FAB explained by these variables. Methodology. The performance of 145 elderly adults from the general population without cognitive impairment between 60 and 90 years was analyzed. Studies of mean differences (Student's t-test and ANOVA), univariate analysis of variance, correlations (Pearson's r) and simple linear regressions were performed to analyze the influence of age, sex, educational level and general cognitive performance in the FAB. Results. Statistically significant differences were observed in the total score of the FAB according to the educational level, but not according to age or sex. It was also found that the FAB score correlated with other cognitive screening tests, such as the Minimental, the Clock Test and verbal fluencies (phonological and semantic). Conclusions. The present study presents results that indicate the importance of considering the educational level in the assessment of the FAB.

Gran Paredón de Azcona (provincia de Río Negro, Patagonia): puesta al día en la documentación de sus pinturas rupestres (1955-2015) Podestá, María Mercedes Antonia; Romero Villanueva Badin, Guadalupe; Bellelli, Cristina Teresa; Forlano, Ana Ines; Caracotche, Maria Soledad Se presenta la documentación de las pinturas rupestres del "Gran Paredón de Azcona" (GPA), localidad de El Bolsón, provincia de Río Negro (Patagonia septentrional). Se parte de la documentación pionera del sitio realizada en la década de 1950 por Nicolás Sánchez-Albornoz. Nuestro equipo de investigación reanudó los trabajos en el sitio en 1996 y llevó a cabo un relevamiento exhaustivo de las pinturas en 2015. Se presentan los resultados de la documentación a partir de la base de datos generada luego de laaplicación del software Dstretch-ImageJ (DecorrelationStretch) sobre las fotografías obtenidas en el sitio que aumentó considerablemente la cantidad de representaciones y la información sobre sus principales variables. Las pinturas se asignan, al igual que los restantes 55 sitios documentados en la región de estudio (Comarca Andina 42º y el valle del río Manso inferior), al denominado Estilo de Grecas o Tendencia Abstracta Geométrica Compleja (TAGC) y a la Modalidad del Ámbito Lacustre Boscoso (MALB), propios de los momentos finales del Holoceno tardío. El trabajo enfatiza el análisis de un tipo peculiar de representación que tiene una alta frecuencia en GPA: el enmarcado. Se realiza una comparación general de este motivo en relación con las hachas y placas grabadas, exponentes del arte mobiliar patagónico, y se destacan lassimilitudes entre ambas. Por último, se sugiere la idea de que el motivo del enmarcado es la más visible expresión del sistema de comunicación visual que operó durante la gran expansión territorial que se dio en la Patagonia septentrional durante los momentos finales del Holoceno tardío.; É apresentada a documentação das pinturas rupestres do "Gran Paredón de Azcona" (GPA), cidade de El Bolsón, província de Río Negro (Patagônia Norte). Faz parte da documentação pioneira do site produzido na década de 1950 por Nicolás Sánchez-Albornoz. Nossa equipe de pesquisa retomou o trabalho no site em 1996 e realizou um levantamento exaustivo das pinturas em 2015. Os resultados da documentação são apresentados a partir do banco de dados gerado após a aplicação do software Dstretch-ImageJ (Decorrelation Stretch) nas fotografias obtidas no site que aumentaram consideravelmente o número de representações e informações sobre suas principais variáveis. As pinturas são atribuídas, bem como os 55 sites restantes documentados na região de estudo (42° Região Andina e Vale do rio Manso inferior), o chamado Estilo de Grecas ou Tendencia Abstracta Geométrica Compleja (TAGC) e a Modalidad del Ámbito Lacustre Boscoso (MALB), típico dos últimos momentos do Holoceno tardio. O trabalho enfatiza a análise de um tipo peculiar de representação que tem alta freqüência no GPA: o enquadramento. Uma comparação geral deste motivo é feita em relação aos eixos e placas gravadas, expoentes da arte móvel patagônica, e as semelhanças entre os dois se destacam. Finalmente, sugere-se que o motivo de enquadramento seja a expressão mais visível do sistema de comunicação visual que operou durante a grande expansão territorial que ocorreu no norte da Patagônia durante os últimos momentos do Holoceno tardio.; We present the documentation of the rock paintings of the Gran Paredón de Azcona site (GPA), locality of El Bolsón, Province of Río Negro (Northern Patagonia). It is part of the pioneering documentation of the site made in the 1950's by Nicolás Sánchez-Albornoz. Our research team resumed work on the site in 1996 and carried out a thorough survey of the paintings in 2015. The results of the documentation are presented from the database created after the application of the Dstretch-ImageJ software (Decorrelation Stretch) on the photographs obtained at the site that considerably increased the number of representations and information on its main variables. The paintings are assigned, as well as the remaining sites in the study region (42º Andean Region and the Lower Manso River Valley) to the so-called Estilo de Grecas or Tendencia Abstracta Geométrica Compleja (TAGC) and the Modalidad del Ámbito Lacustre Boscoso (MALB), characteristic of late Holocene. The work emphasizes the analysis of a peculiar type of representation that has a high frequency in GPA: the framing motif. A general comparison of this motif is made in relation to the axes and engraved plates and the similarities between the two are highlighted. Finally, the idea is suggested that the framing motif is the most visible expression of the visual communication system that operated during the great territorial expansion that occurred in Northern Patagonia during the final moments of the late Holocene.

Stenocercus azureus Cacciali Sosa, Pier; Kacoliris, Federico Pablo; Montero, Ricardo; Pelegrin, Nicolas; Etchepare, Eduardo Gabriel Listed as Least Concern on the basis that this species has a very wide range in southern South America. It is nonetheless rare throughout this range, and while it is not thought to be at immediate risk of extinction insufficient information exists on its population status, natural history or the impacts of threats from habitat loss. This lizard is known from the lowlands of southeastern South America. It occurs in the States of Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, and Sao Paulo in southern Brazil and in Uruguay; it has been collected between 150 and 250 m asl (Torres-Carvajal 2007). The species has also been reported for Corrientes and Misiones provinces, Argentina (A. Giraudo and E. Etchepare pers comm. 2014). It may also occur in Paraguay (P. Cacciali and N. Scott pers. comm. 2014). This species is found in Atlantic forest and Pampas grasslands. It is an egg laying species (Torres-Carvajal 2007).

El tráfico de cocaína entre América Latina y África Occidental; Cocaine Trafficking between Latin America and West Africa; O Tráfico de cocaína entre a América Latina e a África Ocidental Sampo, Carolina Desde hace más de 10 años, un tercio de la cocaína que ingresa a Europa lo hace a través de África Occidental. Sin embargo, poco se sabe de la relación existente entre América Latina, como región productora de cocaína, y África Occidental, como zona de tráfico, acopio y consumo. Este trabajo, de carácter exploratorio, busca entender por qué África Occidental se presenta atractiva para los traficantes latinoamericanos y cómo funciona el vínculo entre ellos y los africanos. La hipótesis que plantea es que los Estados africanos han sido cooptados por las organizaciones criminales. Estas generan mayores incentivos para las organizaciones criminales latinoamericanas, que consideran que dicha ruta es menos riesgosa y más redituable que otras, aun cuando tengan que negociar, parte de la logística con sus pares africanos. Como resultado, se han detectado tres hubs por los que ingresa la cocaína proveniente de América Latina: uno en la Costa Atlántica, uno en el Sahel y otro en el golfo de Benín.; For more than 10 years, one third of the cocaine that enters Europe does so through West Africa. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship between Latin America, as the region that produces cocaine, and West Africa, as a zone of trafficking, stockpiling and consumption. This article, which is of an exploratory kind, seeks to understand why West Africa presents itself as attractive to Latin-American traffickers and how the link between them and the Africans works. The hypothesis stated in this work is that African States have been co-opted by criminal organizations. They generate greater incentives for Latin American criminal organizations, which consider this route less risky and more profitable than others, even though they have to negotiate part of the logistics with their African peers. As a result, three hubs through which cocaine comes from Latin America have been detected: one on the Atlantic Coast, one in the Sahel and another one in the Gulf of Benin.; Por mais de 10 anos, um terço da cocaína que entra na Europa o faz através da África Ocidental. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a relação entre a América Latina, como uma região produtora de cocaína, e a África Ocidental, como uma zona de tráfico, armazenamento e consumo. Este trabalho exploratório procura entender por que a África Ocidental é atraente para os traficantes latino-americanos e como funciona o link entre eles e os africanos. A hipótese que norteia nosso trabalho é a de que os Estados africanos foram cooptados por organizações criminosas, gerando maiores incentivos para as organizações criminosas latino-americanas,que consideram que esse caminho é menos arriscado e mais lucrativo do que outros, mesmo quando têm que negociar parte da logística com suas contrapartes africanas. Como resultado, três centros foram detectados através dos quais a cocaína vem da América Latina: um na costa do Atlântico, um no Sahel e outro no Golfo do Benin.

Prueba para evaluar conocimiento en Leyes: análisis de los ítems mediante la aplicación del modelo de Rasch Ghio, Fernanda Belén; Cupani, Marcos; Garrido, Sebastian Jesús; Azpilicueta, Ana Estefanía; Moran, Valeria Estefania La evaluación del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios resulta un elemento fundamental para medir la calidad educativa en la enseñanza superior. La forma más directa de obtener dicha calificación es a través de exámenes o pruebas de medición, sin embargo si consideramos que son los docentes los que determinan la forma de evaluación, dichos instrumentos pueden presentar falencias en su elaboración. Por lo cual, en la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba se está construyendo un Test que pretende estimar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios. Razón por la cual en este trabajo se aplica el modelo de Rasch para evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de 31 ítems del Nivel I del dominio de conocimiento en Leyes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 170 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre 19 y 60 años (M = 24,59; DE = 6,22). En líneas generales, los ítems presentan buenas propiedades psicométricas. Este trabajo realiza aportes significativos en el ámbito de la medición y evaluación en nuestro medio, viendo la necesidad de evaluar el amplio rango de conocimientos y habilidades que deben adquirir los estudiantes en el ámbito universitario.; The evaluation of the academic performance of university students is a fundamental element to measure the quality of education in a higher education. The most direct way to obtain this qualification is through exams or probing tests, however if we consider that teachers are the ones who determine the form of evaluation, these instruments may present shortcomings in their elaboration. Therefore, in the School of Psychology of the National University of Cordoba is being built a test that attempts to estimate the academic performance of university students. Reason for which in this work the Rasch model is applied to evaluate the psychometric properties of 31 items of Level I of the knowledge domain in Laws. The sample consisted of 170 students aged between 19 and 60 years (M = 24.59, DE = 6.22). In general, the items have good psychometric properties. This work makes significant contributions in the field of measurement and evaluation in our environment, based on the need to evaluate the wide range of knowledge and skills that students must achieve in the university environment

Córdoba, ciudad de frontera: Repensando las relaciones entre lo local y lo global en la construcción de imaginarios urbanos (1950-1970) Malecki, Juan Sebastian En la presente propuesta quisiera discutir algunas formas alternativas de pensar las relaciones históricas entre “espacios de frontera” y “metrópolis”. Para ello, la perspectiva de la historia intelectual aparece como una productiva vía para analizar procesos culturales de larga duración, en los cuales la noción de “frontera” no sólo remite a las zonas de contacto entre los estado-nación, sino que también puede entenderse como un espacio de disputa entre tradiciones divergentes, que incluyen pero exceden los marcos nacionales. De tal forma, proponemos discutir de qué formas la construcción de lo local se construye mediado por procesos globales.En tal sentido, la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina) produjo, a lo largo del siglo XX, un imaginario urbano que, de una u otra manera, se ideó a sí misma como una "ciudad de frontera" entre “tradición” y “modernidad”, entre Europa y América Latina, en una geografía imaginaria a la vez nacional y latinoamericana. En el ciclo de modernización y radicalización que se dio entre los 50 y 70 en América Latina, aquella imagen de Córdoba, heredera de la Reforma del ‘18, encontró un momento particularmente intenso en la idea de Córdoba como la Turín. Gracias a la instalación de las industrias automotrices y de un vertiginoso crecimiento urbano, Córdoba se convirtió en un caso anómalo para lo que las ciencias sociales del momento estaban conceptualizando bajo la figura de la “ciudad latinoamericana”. De tal forma, me propongo indagar, en el ciclo que se dio entre 1950 y 1970, las relaciones entre las transformaciones materiales de la ciudad y el conjunto de ideas y presentaciones que conformaron aquel imaginario urbano de Córdoba.

Normativas sobre el matrimonio y la residencia indígena en la Jurisdicción de Córdoba (Gobernación del Tucumán, 1573-1598); Regulations on marriage and indigenous residence in the jurisdiction of Córdoba (Gobernación del Tucumán, 1573-1598) Borrastero, Lucas En este artículo analizaremos las normativas sobre el matrimonio y la residencia indígena establecidas para la jurisdicción de Córdoba, en tanto espacio integrante de la gobernación del Tucumán, entre 1573 -año de fundación de la ciudad- y 1598, momento en el cual concluye un intercambio normativo entre el gobernador del Tucumán Pedro Mercado de Peñaloza y los vecinos de Córdoba, en torno al matrimonio y la residencia indígena. El análisis realizado busca contribuir al estudio de las características que adquirió el sistema de dominación instaurado con la encomienda de “servicios personales” y el proceso general de “hispanización” de las sociedades indígenas en la jurisdicción de Córdoba durante las primeras décadas de dominación colonial.; In this paper we will analyze the regulations of marriage and indigenous residence, established for the jurisdiction of Córdoba, as a constituent part of Tucumán’s Governance, between 1573 -when the city was founded- and 1598, when a normative exchange related to marriage and indigenous residence concludes between the Governor of Tucumán, Pedro Mercado de Peñaloza, and the neighbors of Córdoba. The current analysis seeks to contribute to the study of the characteristics acquired by the domination system set up by the encomienda de servicios personales (personal services) and the general process of “hispanización” (hispanization) of indigenous societies within the jurisdiction of Córdoba during the first decades of colonial domination.