Outer-Membrane-Vesicle-Associated O Antigen, a Crucial Component for Protecting Against Bordetella parapertussis Infection Bottero, Daniela; Zurita, Maria Eugenia; Gaillard, María Emilia; Carriquiriborde, Francisco Pablo; Martin Aispuro, Pablo; Elizagaray, Maia Lina; Bartel, Erika Belén; Castuma, Celina; Hozbor, Daniela Flavia Bordetella parapertussis is a respiratory-disease pathogen producing symptomatology similar to that of pertussis but of underestimated incidence and with no specific vaccine existing. We recently designed a vaccine candidate from B. parapertussis outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) that proved to be safe and protective in a murine-infection model. Based on protection recently reported for the B. parapertussis O antigen in aqueous solution, we assessed here whether the B. parapertussis O-antigen-containing lipopolysaccharide (BppLPS-O+) embedded in the membranes, as present in B. parapertussis-derived OMVs (OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O+)), was the component responsible for that previously observed protection by OMVs. By performing a comparative study with OMVs from a human strain with undetectable O antigen (OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O-)), we demonstrated that the OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O+), but not the OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O-), protected mice against sublethal B. parapertussis infections. Indeed, the B. parapertussis loads were significantly reduced in the lungs of OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O+) -vaccinated animals, with the CFUs recovered being decreased by 4 log units below those detected in the non-immunized animals or in the animals treated with the OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O-), (p < 0.001). We detected that the OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O+) induced IgG antibodies against B. parapertussis whole-cell lysates, which immunocomponents recognized, among others, the O antigen and accordingly conferred protection against B. parapertussis infection, as observed in in-vivo-passive-transfer experiments. Of interest was that the OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O+) -generated sera had opsonophagocytic and bactericidal capabilities that were not detected with the OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O-)-induced sera, suggesting that those activities were involved in the clearance of B. parapertussis. Though stimulation of cultured spleen cells from immunized mice with formulations containing the O antigen resulted in gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 production, spleen cells from OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O+) -immunized mice did not significantly contribute to the observed protection against B. parapertussis infection. The protective capability of the B. parapertussis O antigen was also detected in formulations containing both the OMVs derived from B. pertussis and purified BppLPS-O+. This combined formulation protected mice against B. pertussis along with B. parapertussis.

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) induces autophagy in osteoblast precursor 3T3-L1 Carminati, Sergio Andrés; Barbosa, María Carolina; Fader Kaiser, Claudio Marcelo Autophagy is an essential cellular homeostatic mechanism by which intracellular components are delivered into the lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Autophagy has been related with a diversity of pathological or physiological dentary processes such as bone remodeling, skeletal aging, osteoclastogenesis, osteoblastogenesis and different types of oral cancer. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), isolated from autologous blood, is a plasma preparation containing a higher concentration of platelets which contains numerous different growth factors and cytokines that activate several cellular signaling cascades. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of PRP on autophagy stimulation in both osteoblast precursor 3T3-L1 and non-related osteoblastic cells. Our results showed that PRP can increase the number of autophagic structures in 3T3-L1 and HeLa (cervical cancer cells) cells. Moreover, we have determined by Western blot a rise in the lipidated form of the autophagic protein LC3 (i.e. LC3-II) upon PRP treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that PRP is able to induce a strongly autophagy response in osteoblast precursor and, to a lesser extent, in non-related osteoblastic cells, suggesting that PRP could be a potential therapeutic tool for some autophagy-related diseases associated with bone homeostasis.

Clearly Detectable, Kinetically Restricted Solid-Solid Phase Transition in cis-Ceramide Monolayers Fanani, Maria Laura; Busto, Jon V.; Sot, Jesús; Abad, José L.; Fabrías, Gemma; Saiz, Leonor; Vilar, Jose M. G.; Goñi, Félix M.; Maggio, Bruno; Alonso, Alicia Sphingosine [(2S,3R,4E)-2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol] is the most common sphingoid base in mammals. Ceramides are N-acyl sphingosines. Numerous small variations on this canonical structure are known, including the 1-deoxy, the 4,5-dihydro, and many others. However, whenever there is a Δ4 double bond, it adopts the trans (or E) configuration. We synthesized a ceramide containing 4Z-sphingosine and palmitic acid (cis-pCer) and studied its behavior in the form of monolayers extended on an air-water interface. cis-pCer acted very differently from the trans isomer in that, upon lateral compression of the monolayer, a solid-solid transition was clearly observed at a mean molecular area ≤44 Å2·molecule-1, whose characteristics depended on the rate of compression. The solid-solid transition, as well as states of domain coexistence, could be imaged by atomic force microscopy and by Brewster-angle microscopy. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations provided results compatible with the experimentally observed differences between the cis and trans isomers. The data can help in the exploration of other solid-solid transitions in lipids, both in vitro and in vivo, that have gone up to now undetected because of their less obvious change in surface properties along the transition, as compared to cis-pCer.

Underground azelaic acid-conferred resistance to pseudomonas syringae in arabidopsis Cecchini, Nicolas Miguel; Roychoudhry, Suruchi; Speed, Dequantarius J; Steffes, Kevin; Tambe, Arjun; Zodrow, Kristin; Konstantinoff, Katerina; Jung, Ho Won; Engle, Nancy; Tschaplinski, Timothy J.; Greenberg, Jean Local interactions between individual plant organs and diverse microorganisms can lead to whole plant immunity via the mobilization of defense signals. One such signal is the plastid lipid-derived oxylipin azelaic acid (AZA). Arabidopsis lacking AZI1 or EARLI1, related lipid transfer family proteins, exhibit reduced AZA transport among leaves and cannot mount systemic immunity. AZA has been detected in roots as well as leaves. Therefore, the present study addresses the effects on plants of AZA application to roots. AZA but not the structurally related suberic acid inhibits root growth when directly in contact with roots. Treatment of roots with AZA also induces resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in aerial tissues. These effects of AZA on root growth and disease resistance depend, at least partially, on AZI1 and EARLI1. AZI1 in roots localizes to plastids, similar to its known location in leaves. Interestingly, kinases previously shown to modify AZI1 in vitro, MPK3 and MPK6, are also needed for AZA-induced root-growth inhibition and aboveground immunity. Finally, deuterium-labeled AZA applied to the roots does not move to aerial tissues. Thus, AZA application to roots triggers systemic immunity through an AZI1/EARLI1/MPK3/MPK6-dependent pathway and AZA effects may involve one or more additional mobile signals.

New insights into bacterial cellulose materials: production and modification strategies Horue, Manuel; Cacicedo, Maximiliano Luis; Castro, Guillermo Raul Komagataeibacter xylinus cultures produced a high amount of bacterial cellulose (BC), which structure consists in a nanoporous network of interlaced fibers. When the culture is performed under static experimental conditions, a membrane with characteristics of highly hydrated hydrogel and good mechanical properties is obtained with promissory applications in the biomedical field. Bacterial cellulose films can be used for many application such as dermal dressing, scaffolds for tissue regeneration and even as a controlled drug release system. Besides, stirred cultures of K. xylinus produced amorphous cellulose structuresdispersed in the medium with physical and mechanical characteristics different from the membrane. In addition, new properties of BC can be obtained or added if the hydrogel is mixed with other compounds or modified post-purification using both organic and inorganic compounds.

Adsorption of Ne on a planar solid Mg surface revisited Szybisz, Leszek; Sartarelli, Salvador A.; Urrutia, Ignacio In this study, we reexamined the wetting behavior of Ne adsorbed on a solid Mg surface. In a recent study, Zhou and Zhang (J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2017, 103, 123) reported an investigation of this system. They proposed an adsorption potential, ϕ ext (z), and studied this system based on augmented density functional theory (DFT) to determine the wetting temperature T w and critical prewetting temperature T cpw . The value obtained for T cpw differed greatly from that produced by Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations (Phys. Rev. E, 1999, 59, 864) and previous DFT calculations (Phys. Rev. E, 2009, 79, 011603). In the present study, we calculated the adsorption isotherms with the Kierlik–Rosinberg DFT for two different external potentials, i.e., the aforementioned ϕ ext (z) and the proposed ab initio Chizmeshya–Cole–Zaremba (CCZ) potential. This study had two main aims. First, we aimed to identify the main sources of the discrepancies between the results obtained by Zhou and Zhang and those produced in other studies. Second, we analyzed the new data computed with the CCZ potential by applying the so-called arc-length continuation method. The new results supported the old ones, yielding more accurate values for both characteristic temperatures and indicating interesting new features of the system. We developed a novel alternative procedure for determining an appropriate value of T cpw for moderately strong adsorbers. Assuming that Ne is liquid in the range of T w ≤ T < Tt, then the DFT calculations were extended into this region. We showed that close to Tt and after the prewetting jump, the growth of the films exhibited a sequence of layering transitions, which originated coalescent prewetting lines.

Conformational changes on substrate binding revealed by structures of Methylobacterium extorquens malate dehydrogenase Gonzalez, Javier Marcelo; Martí Arbona, Ricardo; Chen, Julian; Broom Peltz, Brian; Unkefer, Clifford Three high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37) from the methylotroph Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 are presented. By comparing the structures of apo MDH, a binary complex of MDH and NAD+, and a ternary complex of MDH and oxaloacetate with ADP-ribose occupying the pyridine nucleotide-binding site, conformational changes associated with the formation of the catalytic complex were characterized. While the substrate-binding site is accessible in the enzyme resting state or NAD+-bound forms, the substrate-bound form exhibits a closed conformation. This conformational change involves the transition of an α-helix to a 310-helix, which causes the adjacent loop to close the active site following coenzyme and substrate binding. In the ternary complex, His284 forms a hydrogen bond to the C2 carbonyl of oxaloacetate, placing it in a position to donate a proton in the formation of (2S)-malate.Crystal structures of apo malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from Methylobacterium extorquens, MDH bound to NAD+, and MDH with oxaloacetate and ADP-ribose revealed conformational changes, closing the active site upon coenzyme and substrate binding. In the ternary complex, His284 is in position to donate a proton in the formation of (2S)-malate.

Resquicios jurídicos en el discurso del poder: honra y moralidad sexual en los fallos de infanticidio (provincia de Buenos Aires, 1887-1921); Legal Technicalities in the Discourse of Power: Honor and Sexual Morality in Infanticide Rulings (Buenos Aires Province, 1887-1921); Failles légales dans le discours du pouvoir: honneur et moralité sexuelle dans les procès pour infanticide (Province de Buenos Aires, 1887-1921) Calandria, María Sol El presente trabajo analiza los fallos de infanticidio emitidos por la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Provincia de Buenos Aires entre 1887 y 1921, momento cúlmine de la codificación penal moderna en Argentina. Los votos emitidos por los magistrados nos permitieron observar las múltiples voces de los agentes de justicia y el entramado ideológico interpretativo en el cual se insertaron. Particularmente, se observa la construcción de estos votos a través de las tensiones y contradicciones internas en el campo jurídico en torno a la honra y la moralidad femenina en los casos de infanticidio.; This paper analyses infanticide rulings issued by the Supreme Court of Justice of the Province of Buenos Aires between 1887 and 1921, the peak moment of modern criminal codification in Argentina. Through the votes cast by the magistrates, the article examines the multiple voices of the agents of justice and the interpretive ideological framework in which they are inserted. In particular, the study focuses on the construction of the judgements through the tensions and internal contradictions in the legal field in relation to honor and female morality in cases of infanticide.; Ce travail analyse les arrêts pour infanticide émis par la Cour Suprême de Justice de la Province de Buenos Aires entre 1887 et 1921, période où culmine la codification pénale moderne en Argentine. Les votes des magistrats nous ont permis d’observer les multiples voix des agents de la justice et le patron idéologique interprétatif dans lequel elles s’insèrent. On observe notamment la construction de ces votes à travers les tensions et les contradictions internes dans le champ juridique autour de l’honneur et la moralité féminine dans les cas d’infanticide.

Cleaning protocol of archaeological dental calculus: A methodological proposal for vegetable microremains analysis Tavarone, Aldana; Colobig, María de Los Milagros; Passeggi, Esteban; Fabra, Mariana Objectives: One of the major drawbacks involves the contamination produced during the sampling of dental calculus samples due to their manipulation with non-sterilized latex gloves containing maize starch. These gloves have been commonly used for the sampling, cleaning and conservation of archaeological materials. The objective of the present work is to propose a protocol for the cleaning of dental calculus samples that have been contaminated, allowing the removal of such material from the calculus surface. The application of this protocol guarantees the exogenous elements elimination without causing the loss of the archaeological material, since as it is a nondestructive and/or invasive cleaning method, it remains contained within the dental calculus which protects and guarantees its preservation. Materials and methods: Fifty-seven fragments of dental calculus were recovered from several archaeological sites in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, dated by AMS between 4058 and 387 14C years BP. A sample comprising 22 fragments larger than 2 mm, which represent 38.59% of the total, were subjected to four cleaning stages through distilled and centrifugal water. As a control test, 10 fragments of human dental tartar were taken, known to have not been previously handled with powdered latex gloves. Results and discussion: The results show significant differences between the four cleaning stages, representing an important reduction of modern starch grains adhered to the surface of archaeological samples of human dental calculus.

Fruit of lepidaploa (Cass.) cass. (vernonieae, asteraceae): Anatomy and taxonomic implications Marques, Danilo; Oliveira Franca, Rafael de; Dematteis, Massimiliano; Marzinek, Juliana Lepidaploa is a taxonomically complex genus of Vernonieae, which is difficult to delimit morphologically due to vegetative and reproductive characters that overlap with Chrysolaena and Lessingianthus. Anatomical studies of cypselae are taxonomically useful for delimiting subtribes, genera and species of Asteraceae, and especially within Astereae and Eupatorieae. Given the importance of cypselae to the taxonomy of tribes of Asteraceae, we searched for morphological patterns among the species of Lepidaploa. Using light microscopy, we analyzed fruits of 21 species of Lepidaploa to evaluate the taxonomic position of the genus and species of questionable placement in the group. Our results showed that the morphologies of the cypselae of species of Lepidaploa are homogeneous and similar to other species of Vernonieae. However, pappus vascularization and the number of mesocarp layers could be useful for differentiating the sister groups Chrysolaena, Lepidaploa and Lessingianthus, which present similar macro-and micro-morphological, palynological and chromosomal characters. Also, the presence of glandular trichomes and idioblasts in the cypsela, and lignified cells in the carpopodium exocarp, can be used to separate closely related species.

Experimental bio-artificial liver: Importance of the architectural design on ammonia detoxification performance Pizarro, María Dolores; Mamprin, María Eugenia; Daurelio, Lucas Damian; Rodriguez, Joaquin Valentin; Mediavilla, Maria Gabriela AIM To determine the influence of the construction design over the biological component's performance in an experimental bio-artificial liver (BAL) device. METHODS Two BAL models for liver microorgans (LMOs) were constructed. First, we constructed a cylindrical BAL and tested it without the biological component to establish its correct functioning. Samples of blood and biological compartment (BC) fluid were taken after 0, 60, and 120 min of perfusion. Osmolality, hematocrit, ammonia and glucose concentrations, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (as a LMO viability parameter), and oxygen consumption and ammonia metabolizing capacity (as LMO functionality parameters) were determined. CPSI and OTC gene expression and function were measured. The second BAL, a "flat bottom" model, was constructed using a 25 cm2 culture flask while maintaining all other components between the models. The BC of both BALs had the same capacity (approximately 50 cm3) and both were manipulated with the same perfusion system. The performances of the two BALs were compared to show the influence of architecture. RESULTS The cylindrical BAL showed a good exchange of fluids and metabolites between blood and the BC, reflected by the matching of osmolalities, and glucose and ammonia concentration ratios after 120 min of perfusion. No hemoconcentration was detected, the hematocrit levels remained stable during the whole study, and the minimal percentage of hemolysis (0.65% ± 0.10%) observed was due to the action of the peristaltic pump. When LMOs were used as biological component of this BAL they showed similar values to the ones obtained in a Normothermic Reoxygenation System (NRS) for almost all the parameters assayed. After 120 min, the results obtained were: LDH release (%): 14.7 ± 3.1 in the BAL and 15.5 ± 3.2 in the NRS (n = 6); oxygen consumption (μmol/min·g wet tissue): 1.16 ± 0.21 in the BAL and 0.84 ± 0.15 in the NRS (n = 6); relative expression of Cps1 and Otc: 0.63 ± 0.12 and 0.67 ± 0.20, respectively, in the BAL, and 0.86 ± 0.10 and 0.82 ± 0.07, respectively, in the NRS (n = 3); enzymatic activity of CPSI and OTC (U/g wet tissue): 3.03 ± 0.86 and 222.0 ± 23.5, respectively, in the BAL, and 3.12 ± 0.73 and 228.8 ± 32.8, respectively, in the NRS (n = 3). In spite of these similarities, LMOs as a biological component of the cylindrical BAL were not able to detoxify ammonia at a significant level (not detected vs 35.1% ± 7.0% of the initial 1 mM NH4 + dose in NRS, n = 6). Therefore, we built a second BAL with an entirely different design that offers a flat base BC. When LMOs were placed in this "flat bottom" device they were able to detoxify 49.3% ± 8.8% of the initial ammonia overload after 120 min of perfusion (n = 6), with a detoxification capacity of 13.2 ± 2.2 μmol/ g wet tissue. CONCLUSION In this work, we demonstrate the importance of adapting the BAL architecture to the biological component characteristics to obtain an adequate BAL performance.

Variación y adaptabilidad: los tratamientos en la comunicación por SMS en español bonaerense; Variation and adaptability: forms of address in SMS communication in Buenos Aires Spanish Cantamutto, Lucía Marina El artículo analiza un corpus de SMS pertenecientes a la variedad del español bonaerense, poniendo el foco de atención en las fórmulas de tratamiento, a la luz de las categorías descriptas como un estilo económico que está “marcado por la acumulación de recursos expresivos” (Vela Delfa, 2005: 670) y que trata de no ser ambiguo (Cantamutto, 2014). La hipótesis principal sostiene que en las elecciones lingüísticas realizadas por los hablantes para la construcción discursiva de las interacciones por SMS, operan recursos y estrategias propios de la comunicación escrita mediada por teléfono móvil además de cuestiones identitarias vinculadas a la edad y género. Como se evidencia en los resultados de investigaciones previas sobre el corpus SMS-CEBo (Cantamutto, 2012-2016), las formas nominales y los pronombres personales, innecesarios para la construcción sintáctica, aparecen de manera expresa, debido a que permiten construir la fuerza ilocutiva del mensaje así como favorecer la personalización y focalización del destinatario, funcionando como elementos afiliativos en la interacción y que canalizan la cortesía. En la comunicación por SMS, la ausencia de fórmulas nominales de tratamiento causa respuestas no preferidas.; This article resumes the analysis of SMS in the Spanish dialectal variety of Buenos Aires, foca-lizing around the address forms, in light of the categories described within an economic style which “is marked by the accumulation of expressive resources” (Vela Delfa, 2005: 670) and tries to not be ambiguous (Cantamutto, 2014). The hypothesis explains the linguistic choices made by speakers for the discursive construction of SMS interactions, related to the use of resources and strategies specific to written communication mediated by mobile telephony, along with identity features denoting age and gender. As evidenced by previous analysis of the corpus SMS-CEBo (Cantamutto, 2012-2016), nominal forms and personal pronouns that are unnecessary for syntactic construction are expressed, but those elements are aimed at constructing the illocutionary force of the message and at personalizing and focusing on the addressee. Address forms, along with other expressive features, serve as affiliative traits among interacting and canalize politeness. In SMS communication, the absence of nominal forms of treatment causes adverse responses.

Knock-down of arabidopsis PLC5 reduces primary root growth and secondary root formation while overexpression improves drought tolerance and causes stunted root hair growth Zhang, Qianqian; Van Wijk, Ringo; Zarza, Xavier; Shahbaz, Muhammad; Van Hooren, Max; Guardia, Aisha Elena; Scuffi, Denise; Garcia-Mata, Carlos; Van Den Ende, Wim; Hoffmann-Benning, Susanne; Haring, Michel A.; Laxalt, Ana Maria; Munnik, Teun Phospholipase C (PLC) is a well-known signaling enzyme in metazoans that hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2) to produce inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol as second messengers involved in mutiple processes. Plants contain PLC too, but relatively little is known about its function there. The model system Arabidopsis thaliana contains nine PLC genes. Reversed genetics have implicated several roles for PLCs in plant development and stress signaling. Here, PLC5 is functionally addressed. Promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) analyses revealed expression in roots, leaves and flowers, predominantly in vascular tissue, most probably phloem companion cells, but also in guard cells, trichomes and root apical meristem. Only one plc5-1 knock-down mutant was obtained, which developed normally but grew more slowly and exhibited reduced primary root growth and decreased lateral root numbers. These phenotypes could be complemented by expressing the wild-type gene behind its own promoter. Overexpression of PLC5 (PLC5-OE) using the UBQ10 promoter resulted in reduced primary and secondary root growth, stunted root hairs, decreased stomatal aperture and improved drought tolerance. PLC5-OE lines exhibited strongly reduced phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate (PIP) and PIP 2 levels and increased amounts of phosphatidic acid, indicating enhanced PLC activity in vivo. Reduced PIP 2 levels and stunted root hair growth of PLC5-OE seedlings could be recovered by inducible overexpression of a root hair-specific PIP 5-kinase, PIP5K3. Our results show that PLC5 is involved in primary and secondary root growth and that its overexpression improves drought tolerance. Independently, we provide new evidence that PIP 2 is essential for the polar tip growth of root hairs.

FITNESS, a CCT domain-containing protein, deregulates reactive oxygen species levels and leads to fine-tuning trade-offs between reproductive success and defence responses in Arabidopsis Osella, Ana Virginia; Mengarelli, Diego Alberto; Mateos, Julieta Lisa; Dong, Shuchao; Yanovsky, Marcelo Javier; Balazadeh, Salma; Valle, Estela Marta; Zanor, María Inés Environmental stresses are the major factors that limit productivity in plants. Here, we report on the function of an uncharacterized gene At1g07050, encoding a CCT domain-containing protein, from Arabidopsis thaliana. At1g07050 expression is highly repressed by oxidative stress. We used metabolomics, biochemical, and genomic approaches to analyse performance of transgenic lines with altered expression of At1g07050 under normal and oxidative stress conditions. At1g07050 overexpressing lines showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas knock-out mutants exhibited decreased levels of ROS and higher tolerance to oxidative stress generated in the chloroplast. Our results uncover a role for At1g07050 in cellular redox homeostasis controlling H2O2 levels, due to changes in enzymes, metabolites, and transcripts related to ROS detoxification. Therefore, we call this gene FITNESS. Additionally, several genes such as ACD6, PCC1, and ICS1 related to salicylic acid signalling and defence were found differentially expressed among the lines. Notably, FITNESS absence significantly improved seed yield suggesting an effective fine-tuning trade-off between reproductive success and defence responses.

Cooperativas de trabajo federadas de Entre Ríos: desafíos e implicancias Escalada, Nahuel Dario Este trabajo toma como objeto de estudio a la Federación de Cooperativas de Trabajo de la Provincia de Entre Ríos, cooperativa de segundo nivel que reúne a catorce cooperativas de trabajo de la construcción, una cooperativa textil, una radial y una educacional. En virtud de generar un marco conceptual se realiza aquí un análisis de los términos que refieren a las cooperativas de trabajo, su doctrina, principios fundamentales y modo de organización. Se procede también a caracterizar los rasgos particulares que las diferencian de otras cooperativas. Posteriormente se toma en consideración a las Cooperativas de Trabajo Federadas de Entre Ríos Ltda. (de aquí en más CO.TRA.FER.) a modo de entender su constitución, los procesos que se han generado en su interior y el funcionamiento de las cooperativas que la componen, focalizando principalmente en las de mayor actividad, que son las dedicadas a la construcción. Para ello se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas al consejo directivo de la COTRAFER como así también a representantes de las cooperativas que la integran. Se tomaron también en cuenta las opiniones de socios, sin embargo solo se pudo establecer contacto con aquellos que frecuentan las reuniones generales de la federación. Por otro lado se entrevistó al presidente del instituto provincial de cooperativismo y mutualismo de la provincia de Entre Ríos y al secretario de Economía Social de la ciudad de Gualeguaychu a fin de poder percibir la visión del Estado en cuanto al funcionamiento de las cooperativas. En última instancia el trabajo aborda dos aspectos básicos que se desprenden del estudio de la Federación: la conceptualización que se ha generado respecto del mundo del trabajo en relación al cooperativismo; y por otro lado la circulación y la configuración del poder que se da dentro de las cooperativas que la conforman. Este estudio da lugar a la reflexión final y a la caracterización de la situación de la Federación como tal.

Endothelial Lipase Is an Alternative Pathway for Fatty Acid Release from Lipoproteins: Evidence from a High Fat Diet Model of Obesity in Rats Barchuk, Magalí; Miksztowicz, Verónica Julieta; Zago, Valeria; Cevey, Ágata Carolina; López, Graciela; Goren, Nora Beatriz; Friedman, Silvia; Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge; Morales, Maria Celina; Fernandez Tomé, María del Carmen; Schreier, Laura Ester; Berg, Gabriela Alicia Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and endothelial lipase (EL) are involved in lipoprotein metabolism. In insulin-resistance, their behavior is altered. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and apoproteins (apo)CII and CIII could be partly responsible for these alterations. To evaluate this response, we assessed Lpl and Lipg expression, protein levels, and enzyme activity in adipose tissue (AT) and heart in an obesity model. Besides, we assessed the role of PPAR and apoC. Male Wistar rats were fed with standard diet (Control, n = 14) or high-fat diet (HFD, n = 14) for 14 weeks. Glucose and lipoprotein profiles were measured. Histological studies were performed in heart and epididymal AT. Lpl and Lipg were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), protein levels by Western Blot, and activities by radiometric assays. Cardiac and AT PPAR expression were measured by Western Blot and hepatic Apoc2 and Apoc3 mRNA by RT-qPCR. In HFD, fat deposits were observed in hearts, whereas AT presented a higher adipocyte size. In heart and AT, no differences were found in Lipg mRNA between groups, while AT Lpl mRNA and LPL protein were decreased in HFD, without differences in heart. In both tissues, EL protein levels and activity were increased and inversely associated with decreased LPL activity, being partially responsible for the atherogenic lipoprotein profile in HFD. PPARγ expression in AT was decreased in HFD, without differences in cardiac PPARδ expression and hepatic apoC mRNA. The increase in EL activity could be an alternative pathway for fatty acid release from lipoproteins and uptake in tissues with decreased LPL activity. In AT, PPARγ could be involved in enzyme regulation.

Development of sigmoidal en-échelon microfractures in beryl and the role of strain localization evidenced by fluid inclusions Sosa, Graciela M.; Oriolo, Sebastián; van den Kerkhof, Alfons A combined fluid inclusion and microstructural study was carried out in beryl crystals from the San Cayetano Nb-Ta-bearing pegmatite (San Luis, Argentina). Primary aqueous-carbonic fluids (T0) were subsequently re-trapped during shearing, resulting in en-échelon microfractures. The more brittle behaviour of beryl compared to quartz makes this mineral more suitable for the preservation of fluid inclusions and microstructures. The primary inclusions T0 are preserved in strain-free domains, whereas the pseudo-secondary T1-to T3-type inclusions occur in domains showing intracrystalline deformation. CO2 was relatively immobile or reacted to form carbonate in early T1-type inclusions, whereas H2O preferentially migrated along microfractures and was trapped as T2-and T3-type inclusions. Short intragranular trails of fluid inclusions, representing en-échelon healed microfractures, resulted from progressive strain localization. Contrary to previous proposals, this new model implies the progressive thickness reduction of intracrystalline micro-shear zones. Besides, hydrolytic weakening linked to dislocation glide is the most likely mechanism to explain the evolution of fluid inclusions, with intracrystalline deformation enhancing anisotropic diffusion. This study highlights the potential of combined fluid inclusion and microstructural studies in order to understand the interaction between fluid activity and deformation. In this way, valuable insights can be provided into the progressive development of overprinted fabrics and low-to medium-temperature deformation mechanisms of minerals.

Modeling second-order data for classification issues: Data characteristics, algorithms, processing procedures and applications Azcarate, Silvana Mariela; de Araújo Gomes, Adriano; Muñoz de la Peña, Arsenio; Goicoechea, Hector Casimiro This review outlines some of the challenging aspects of applying second-order data modeling in classification issues analyzing selected examples of current applications. The main analytical platforms used for classification are briefly discussed from the application point of view, and the utilization of the generated data is illustrated. After a critical discussion of the advantages concerning the general features of the available algorithms and their underlying models, one example is presented and discussed in detail with the purpose of illustrating the high potentiality of second-order data modeling in the classification field. In addition, advanced data pre-processing tools, prior to multivariate analysis, are explained, and relevant tools are displayed. Finally, novelty prospects in multi-way classification area are presented.

Detección y caracterización de Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga en niños atendidos en un hospital pediátrico interzonal de la ciudad de La Plata; Detection and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in children treated at an inter-zonal pediatric hospital in the city of La Plata Oderiz, Sebastián; Leotta, Gerardo Anibal; Galli, Lucía Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga (STEC) es un patógeno transmitido poralimentos que puede causar diarrea acuosa, diarrea sanguinolenta (DS) y síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH). El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las características fenotípicas y genotípicas de cepas STEC aisladas de ni?nos con DS y SUH atendidos en un hospital pediátrico de la ciudad de La Plata en el período 2006-2012 y establecer la relación clonal de los aislamientos O157:H7 mediante electroforesis de campo pulsado. El porcentaje de muestras positivasfue de 4,9 y 39,2% en los pacientes que presentaron DS y SUH, respectivamente. Se aislaron 77 cepas STEC de 10 serotipos distintos, con el 100% de recuperación de colonias. El serotipo más frecuente fue O157:H7 (71,4%), seguido por O145:NM (15,6%). El 98,2% de los aislamientos O157:H7 correspondió al biotipo C y fue sensible a los antibióticos ensayados. Todos esos aislamientos presentaron el genotipo stx2, eae, fliCH7, ehxA, iha, efa, toxB, lpfA1-3 y lpfA2-2. Al estudiar la relación clonal de las cepas O157:H7, se identificaron un total de 42 patronescon al menos un 88% de similitud y se establecieron 6 clústeres que agruparon cepas con perfiles idénticos. Los aislamientos eae negativos pertenecieron a los serotipos O59:H19, O102:H6, O174:NM y O174:H21. Las cepas O59:H19 y O174:H21 fueron positivas para el gen aggR. Este estudio muestra que en la ciudad de La Plata y alrededores circulan STEC de diferentes serotipos y genotipos. A pesar de la diversidad genética observada entre los aislamientos O157:H7, algunos fueron indistinguibles por las técnicas de subtipificación utilizadas.; Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a foodborne pathogen that can cause watery diarrhea, bloody diarrhea (BD), and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The objective of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of STEC strains isolated from children with BD and HUS treated at a pediatric hospital in the city of La Plata in the period 2006-2012, and to establish the clonal relationship of O157:H7 isolates by pulsed field electrophoresis. The percentage of positive samples was 4.9% and 39.2% in patients with BD and HUS, respectively. Seventy-seven STEC strains from 10 different serotypes were isolated, with 100% colony recovery, O157:H7 being the most frequent (71.4%) serotype, followed by O145:NM (15.6%). An average of 98.2% of O157:H7 isolates belonged to biotype C and were sensitive to all the antibiotics tested. All of them (100%) carried genotype stx2, eae, fliCH7, ehxA, iha, efa, toxB, lpfA1-3 and lpfA2-2. When the clonal relationship of the O157:H7 strains was studied, a total of 42 patterns with at least 88% similarity were identified, and 6 clusters with identical profiles were established. The eae-negative isolates belonged to serotypes O59:H19, O102:H6, O174:NM and O174:H21. The strains O59:H19 and O174:H21 were positive for the aggR gene. This study shows that STEC of different serotypes and genotypes circulate in the city of La Plata and surroundings. Despite the genetic diversity observed between the O157:H7 isolates, some were indistinguishable by the subtyping techniques used.

Salinity is a prevailing factor for amelioration of wheat blast by biocontrol agents Cabot, Catalina; Bosch, Rafael; Martos, Soledad; Poschenrieder, Charlotte; Perello, Analia Edith Plants exposed to combined abiotic and biotic stress conditions may show enhanced pathogen resistance. Biocontrol agents (BCAs) can further contribute to ameliorate plant responses to these complex situations. In recent years, wheat production has been challenged by the expansion of salt-affected soils as well as by severe outbreaks of emerging diseases such as wheat blast. Here, the role of two BCAs, Pseudomonas stutzeri AN10 and Trichoderma harzianum Th56, was examined in salt-stressed seedlings infected with two Pyricularia oryzae isolates of contrasting aggressiveness. BCAs did not enhance plant tolerance to high salt stress. However, BCAs improved performance of salt-stressed wheat plants infected with the less aggressive Pyricularia isolate. The lower infection in salt-stressed BCAs-treated plants could be due to a salt-induced priming state required to trigger an early expression of plant defence genes.