The significance of climate in the pollinator dynamics of a tropical agroforestry system Arnold, S.E.J.; Bridgemohan, P.; Perry, G.B.; Spinelli, Gustavo Ricardo; Pierre, B.; Murray, Federico; Haughton, C.; Dockery, O.; Grey, L.; Murphy, S.T.; Belmain, S.R.; Stevenson, P.C. Even though many globally important tropical agroforestry crops are partially or completely dependent on insect pollination, the conditions influencing pollinator abundance in these systems are often incompletely understood. This is particularly the case for cocoa midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), which are essential for cocoa pollination and thus yield, but agro-ecological management frequently neglects them. We report the first assessment of cocoa midge population dynamics from two Caribbean countries across a full year, and relate this to seasonal climate variables. We used static suction traps along transects to sample insects monthly, from six cocoa farms across three Caribbean islands, with a particular focus on known pollinators of cocoa. A total of over 87,000 insects were captured, including more than 1800 cocoa midges. Midges were present in all months of the survey and on all sites, but typically comprised less than 2% of the total insects caught. At least twelve different species of cocoa midges were identified from this survey. The previous month's rainfall positively predicted cocoa midge absolute abundance and further analysis also revealed a relationship between rainfall and relative midge abundance. In particular, during drought periods, midge numbers were very low, consistent with their larval ecology. Humidity and mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures did not relate to midge abundance. Rainfall negatively influenced the Shannon-Weaver index. The findings highlight the possible threat of droughts to cocoa pollination services and the importance of proactive farm management to support them.

Against Moral Purism; Contra el purismo moral García Gibson, Francisco Moral purism is the view that doing evil is never allowed, even as a means to prevent a greater evil. This article assesses two main versions of moral purism and shows that they are implausible. The first version claims that it is always impermissible to choose an option that results in a bad states of affairs, while the second version claims that it is always impermissible to choose an option that is wrong, even if it is only prima facie wrong. I contend that both versions are incomplete, in the sense that they are unable to provide practical guidance for cases in which all available options result in bad states of affairs, or in which all available options are prima facie wrong.; El purismo moral es la perspectiva según la cual hacer el mal no está permitido nunca, ni siquiera como un medio para prevenir un mal mayor. Este artículo evalúa dos versiones principales del purismo moral y muestra que ellas son imposibles. La primera versión afirma que es siempre impermisible escoger una opción que resulte en malos estados de cosas, mientras que la segunda versión afirma que es siempre impermisible escoger una opción que está mal, incluso su está tan solo prima facie mal. Yo sostengo que ambas versiones son incompletas en el sentido de que son incapaces de proveer una guía práctica para los casos en los que todas las opciones disponibles resultan en malos estados de cosas o en los que todas las opciones disponibles son prima facie malas.

Differential effects of AMP-activated protein kinase in isolated rat atria subjected to simulated ischemia–reperfusion depending on the energetic substrates available Hermann, Romina; Mestre Cordero, Victoria Evangelina; Fernández Pazos, María de las Mercedes; Reznik, Federico Joaquin; Vélez, Débora Elisabet; Savino, Enrique Alberto; Marina Prendes, María Gabriela; Varela, Alicia AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine–threonine kinase that functions primarily as a metabolic sensor to coordinate anabolic and catabolic processes in the cell, via phosphorylation of multiple proteins involved in metabolic pathways, aimed to re-establish energy homeostasis at a cell-autonomous level. Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion represents a metabolic stress situation for myocytes. Whether AMPK plays a critical role in the metabolic and functional responses involved in these conditions remains uncertain. In this study, in order to gain a deeper insight into the role of endogenous AMPK activation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, we explored the effects of the pharmacological inhibition of AMPK on contractile function rat, contractile reserve, tissue lactate production, tissue ATP content, and cellular viability. For this aim, isolated atria subjected to simulated 75 min ischemia–75 min reperfusion (Is-Rs) in the presence or absence of the pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK (compound C) were used. Since in most clinical situations of ischemia–reperfusion the heart is exposed to high levels of fatty acids, the influence of palmitate present in the incubation medium was also investigated. The present results suggest that AMPK activity significantly increases during Is, remaining activated during Rs. The results support that intrinsic activation of AMPK has functional protective effects in the reperfused atria when glucose is the only available energetic substrate whereas it is deleterious when palmitate is also available. Cellular viability was not affected by either of these conditions.

Heterochromatin protein (HP)1γ is not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm interacting with actin in both cell compartments Charó, Nancy Lorena; Galigniana, Natalia Maricel; Piwien Pilipuk, Graciela Confocal and electron microscopy images, and WB analysis of cellular fractions revealed that HP1γ is in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm of C2C12 myoblasts, myotubes, skeletal and cardiac muscles, N2a, HeLa and HEK293T cells. Signal specificity was tested with different antibodies and by HP1γ knockdown. Leptomycin B treatment of myoblasts increased nuclear HP1γ suggesting that its nuclear export is Crm-1-dependent. HP1γ exhibited a filamentous pattern of staining partially co-localizing with actin in the cytoplasm of myotubes and myofibrils. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis showed high-density immunogold particles that correspond to HP1γ localized to the Z-disk and A-band of the sarcomere of skeletal muscle. HP1γ partially co-localized with actin in C2C12 myotubes and murine myofibrils. Importantly, actin co-immunoprecipitated with HP1γ in the nuclear and cytosolic fractions of myoblasts. Actin co-immunoprecipitated with HP1γ in myoblasts incubated in the absence or presence of the actin depolymerizing agent cytochalasin D, suggesting that HP1γ may interact with G-and F-actin. In the cytoplasm, HP1γ was associated to the perinuclear actin cap that controls nuclear shape and position. In the nucleus, re-ChIP assays showed that HP1γ-actin associates to the promoter and transcribed regions of the house keeping gene GAPDH, suggesting that HP1γ may function as a scaffold protein for the recruitment of actin to control gene expression. When HP1γ was knocked-down, myoblasts were unable to differentiate or originated thin myotubes. In summary, HP1γ is present in the nucleus and the cytoplasm interacting with actin, a protein complex that may exert different functions depending on its subcellular localization.

Reciprocal interactions between a facilitator, natives, and exotics in tropical alpine plant communities Llambí, Luis D.; Hupp, Nicole; Sáez, Agustín; Callaway, Ragan Facilitation by nurse plants has received considerable attention, but the feedback effects of beneficiaries on the benefactor fitness remain comparatively unexplored. In particular, to our knowledge there have been no studies of feedback effects of exotic species on nurse plants. Furthermore, there have been few studies of how exotic plants interact with native beneficiaries, potentially generating indirect effects on the nurse. Here, through spatial association analyses, we estimate the reciprocal interactions between the cushion nurse-plant Arenaria musciformis, native beneficiaries, and the dominant exotic Rumex acetosella (a fast growing heliophile species) in a tropical alpine ecosystem of the Venezuelan Andes, locally known as páramos. We recorded the density of natives and the exotic within Arenaria cushions and in paired open areas at three sites and calculated Relative Interaction Indices (RII) to explore the effects of the cushion. Then, we analyzed the feedback effects of Rumex and the natives on the density of flowers produced by Arenaria. Finally, we analyzed how Rumex abundance is related to the abundance of native species inside and outside cushions. RIIs indicated a facilitative effect of cushions on the abundance of native plants, but no effect on Rumex. We found a negative relationship between the density of natives and cushion flower density, but no such relationship for Rumex. However, at high densities, Rumex was negatively correlated with the abundance of the natives both inside and outside of cushions. Our results suggest the possibility of complex reciprocal interactions between nurses, natives and exotics, and that native and exotic plants can differ in their feedback effects on nurse cushions. Native plants appeared to be facilitated by cushions and then develop a parasitic relationship with their nurses. In contrast, the exotic Rumex had a neutral interaction with the nurse, but competitive effects on the native beneficiary community, which could indirectly modulate the feedback effects of natives on the nurse. These results highlight the importance of analyzing direct and indirect reciprocal interactions and the impacts of exotic invaders for understanding alpine community assembly.

Structural and electronic properties of Al-doped ZnO semiconductor nanopowders: Interplay between XRD and PALS experiments and first-principles/DFT modeling Damonte, Laura Cristina; Darriba, German Nicolas; Rentería, Mario A combined experimental and novel theoretical ab initio structural and electronic study was performed in order to characterize ZnO semiconductor nanopowders doped with Al atoms. For this, powder mixtures of ZnO and metallic Al in adequate proportions yielding different contents of Al (5, 10, and 30 at. %) were prepared by mechanical milling. The systems were characterized by X-ray diffraction and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements. Additionally, combining two first-principles methods based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT) we calculated the final equilibrium structures for different concentrations of Al dopants and Zn vacancies in ZnO, predicting afterwards the characteristic positron annihilation lifetimes at these equilibrium structures. In addition to the structural relaxations, the ab initio predictions of the electronic properties in the studied systems help us to understand deeper the origin and characteristics of different positrons traps. This experimental and ab initio/DFT combined study allows to verify the dopant incorporation into the ZnO wurtzite structure and to extract the maximum information from the experimental data, giving an insight into the different defect complexes and their influence in the structural and electrical properties.

Pattern formation mechanisms in sphere-forming diblock copolymer thin films Gomez, Leopoldo Raimundo; García, Nicolás A.; Register, Richard A.; Vega, Daniel Alberto The order–disorder transition of a sphere-forming block copolymer thin film was numerically stud-ied through a Cahn–Hilliard model. Simulations show that the fundamental mechanisms of patternformation are spinodal decomposition and nucleation and growth. The range of validity of each re-laxation process is controlled by the spinodal and order–disorder temperatures. The initial stagesof spinodal decomposition are well approximated by a linear analysis of the evolution equation ofthe system. In the metastable region, the critical size for nucleation diverges upon approaching theorder–disorder transition, and reduces to the size of a single domain as the spinodal is approached.Grain boundaries and topological defects inhibit the formation of superheated phases above the order–disorder temperature. The numerical results are in good qualitative agreement with experimental dataon sphere-forming diblock copolymer thin films.

Algal Community Structure of the Yalour Mausoleum, Cemetery of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Gómez de Saravia, Sandra Gabriela; Rastelli, Silvia Elena; Lofeudo, Rosana; Rosato, Vilma Gabriela Biologicla communities that form biofilms on buildings and monuments can not only discolour the surface, but also produce physical and chemical alterations [1] Althought the type of organisms that colonize the facades of cement constructions is diverse, the analyzes carried out "In situ" reveal that algaeare one of the initial and main colonizers [2]. The algae cancause bichemical deterioration , since they produce, like fungi, metabolites of a predominantly organic nature. The Cemetery of La Plata, founded by Benoit in 1887, hsa inits interior mausoleums and notable monuments of various styles worthy of patrimonial protection. One of them is the Yalour mausoleum that is uniformly covered by a black patina, with conspicuous spots of lighter shade. Various chemicals with biocidal activity are commonly added to interior and exterior to provide protection of algal growth. In order to select compounds that prevent and control biofilm formation , it is necessary to know what organisms generate it, how they are structured and what physiologyical activity they present.For this reason,the aim of this work wsa to characterize, from hrbioloogicla point of view, the biofilm developed on the mausoleum.

Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018 Galluzzi, Lorenzo; Vitale, Ilio; Aaronson, Stuart A.; Abrams, John M.; Adam, Dieter; Agostinis, Patrizia; Alnemri, Emad S.; Altucci, Lucia; Amelio, Ivano; Andrews, David W.; Annicchiarico Petruzzelli, Margherita; Antonov, Alexey V.; Arama, Eli; Baehrecke, Eric H.; Barlev, Nickolai A.; Bazan, Nicolas G.; Bernassola, Francesca; Bertrand, Mathieu J. M.; Bianchi, Katiuscia; Blagosklonny, Mikhail V.; Blomgren, Klas; Borner, Christoph; Boya, Patricia; Brenner, Catherine; Campanella, Anibal; Candi, Eleonora; Carmona Gutierrez, Didac; Cecconi, Francesco; Chan, Francis K. M.; Chandel, Navdeep S.; Cheng, Emily H.; Chipuk, Jerry E.; Cidlowski, John A.; Ciechanover, Aaron; Cohen, Gerald M.; Conrad, Marcus; Cubillos Ruiz, Juan R.; Czabotar, Peter E.; D´Angiolella, Vincenzo; Dawson, Ted M.; Dawson, Valina L.; De Laurenzi, Vincenzo; De Maria, Ruggero; Debatin, Klaus Michael; De Berardinis, Ralph J.; Deshmukh, Mohanish; Di Daniele, Nicola; Di Virgilio, Francesco; Dixit, Vishva M.; Dixon, Scott J.; Duckett, Colin S.; Dynlacht, Brian D.; El Deiry, Wafik S.; Elrod, John W.; Fimia, Gian Maria; Fulda, Simone; García Sáez, Ana J.; Garg, Abhishek D.; Garrido, Carmen; Gavathiotis, Evripidis; Golstein, Pierre; Gottlieb, Eyal; Green, Douglas R.; Greene, Lloyd A.; Gronemeyer, Hinrich; Gross, Atan; Hajnoczky, Gyorgy; Hardwick, J. Marie; Harris, Isaac S.; Hengartner, Michael O.; Hetz, Claudio; Ichijo, Hidenori; Jäättelä, Marja; Joseph, Bertrand; Jost, Philipp J.; Juin, Philippe P.; Kaiser, William J.; Karin, Michael; Kaufmann, Thomas; Kepp, Oliver; Kimchi, Adi; Kitsis, Richard N.; Klionsky, Daniel J.; Knight, Richard A.; Kumar, Sharad; Lee, Sam W.; Lemasters, John J.; Levine, Beth; Linkermann, Andreas; Lipton, Stuart A.; Lockshin, Richard A.; López Otín, Carlos; Lowe, Scott W.; Luedde, Tom; Lugli, Enrico; MacFarlane, Marion; Madeo, Frank; Malewicz, Michal; Malorni, Walter; Manic, Gwenola; Marine, Jean-Christophe; Martin, Seamus J.; Martinou, Jean Claude; Medema, Jan Paul; Mehlen, Patrick; Meier, Pascal; Melino, Sonia; Miao, Edward A.; Molkentin, Jeffery D.; Moll, Ute M.; Muñoz Pinedo, Cristina; Nagata, Shigekazu; Nuñez, Gabriel; Oberst, Andrew; Oren, Moshe; Overholtzer, Michael; Pagano, Michele; Panaretakis, Theocharis; Pasparakis, Manolis; Penninger, Josef M.; Pereira, David M.; Pervaiz, Shazib; Peter, Marcus E.; Piacentini, Mauro; Pinton, Paolo; Prehn, Jochen H.M.; Puthalakath, Hamsa; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián; Rehm, Markus; Rizzuto, Rosario; Rodrigues, Cecilia M.P.; Rubinsztein, David C.; Rudel, Thomas; Ryan, Kevin M.; Sayan, Emre; Scorrano, Luca; Shao, Feng; Shi, Yufang; Silke, John; Simon, Hans Uwe; Sistigu, Antonella; Stockwell, Brent R.; Strasser, Andreas; Szabadkai, Gyorgy; Tait, Stephen W.G.; Tang, Daolin; Tavernarakis, Nektarios; Thorburn, Andrew; Tsujimoto, Yoshihide; Turk, Boris; Vanden Berghe, Tom; Vandenabeele, Peter; Vander Heiden, Matthew G.; Villunger, Andreas; Virgin, Herbert W.; Vousden, Karen H.; Vucic, Domagoj; Wagner, Erwin F.; Walczak, Henning; Wallach, David; Wang, Ying; Wells, James A.; Wood, Will; Yuan, Junying; Zakeri, Zahra; Zhivotovsky, Boris; Zitvogel, Laurence; Melino, Gerry; Kroemer, Guido Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field.

La propiedad de la lengua: Norma y uso en la obra de Ricardo Monner Sans; The property of language: Norm and usage in the work of Ricardo Monner Sans Lidgett, Esteban La cuestión de la pureza de la lengua ha sido un tópico largamente abordado en el estudio de los debates ideológico-lingüísticos de la hispanofonía. En este trabajo proponemos un análisis de las distintas conceptualizaciones que sobre la corrección lingüística se observan en la obra de Ricardo Monner Sans, a los efectos de dilucidar los vínculos entre su teoría lingüística-gramatical y su posición política sobre la lengua. Postulamos, en ese sentido, que estas conceptualizaciones son tributarias de una consideración más general sobre el uso y la pureza de la lengua que pretende una intervención normativa sobre las prácticas lingüísticas de la sociedad, sustentada en el saber filológico. De esta forma, la dimensión del uso se ve dividida entre un uso corriente que corresponde al uso generalizado de la comunidad y un buen uso, que es el que ha sido legislado por el saber filológico y que se constituye, por este motivo, en el criterio de corrección sobre el que se sustenta el ideal de la comunidad lingüística homogénea.; The question of purity in language has been a common topic in the fields of language ideological debates in the Spanish-speaking world. In this paper, we propose an analysis of the various conceptualizations on linguistic correctness in the work of Ricardo Monner Sans in order to elucidate the links between his linguistic theory and his position on language policy. In that sense, we assume that these conceptualizations should be analyzed as a consequence of a more general consideration about linguistic usage and purity. This consideration seeks a regulatory intervention on the linguistic practices of society based on philological knowledge. Thus, the dimension of usage is divided into a common usage which corresponds to the widespread use in community, and correct usage, that which has been legislated by philological knowledge and which is, for this reason, the criteria for linguistic correction on which the ideal of a homogeneous linguistic community is based.

Angular dependence of the magnetic properties of permalloy and nickel nanowires as a function of their diameters Raviolo, Sofia; Tejo, Felipe; Bajales Luna, Noelia; Escrig Murúa, Juan Eduardo In this paper we have compared the angular dependence of the magnetic properties of permalloy (Ni80Fe20) and nickel nanowires by means of micromagnetic simulations. For each material we have chosen two diameters, 40 and 100 nm. Permalloy nanowires with smaller diameters (d=40 nm) exhibit greater coercivity than nickel nanowires, regardless of the angle at which the external magnetic field is applied. In addition, both Py and Ni nanowires exhibit the same remanence values. However, the nanowires of larger diameters (d=100 nm) exhibit a more complex behavior, noting that for small angles, nickel nanowires are those that now exhibit a greater coercivity in comparison to those of permalloy. The magnetization reversal modes vary as a function of the angle at which the external field is applied. When the field is applied parallel to the wire axis, it reverts through nucleation and propagation of domain walls, whereas when the field is applied perpendicular to the axis, it reverts by a pseudo-coherent rotation. These results may provide a guide to control the magnetic properties of nanowires for use in potential applications.

La intervención del Estado en lo social y modelo agroalimentario en la Argentina posneoliberal; The intervention of the State in the social and agro-food model in post-neoliberal Argentina Ambrosi, Daniela Celeste En el nuevo milenio y en el marco del ‘giro a la izquierda’, luego de las transformaciones y consecuencias políticas, económicas y sociales producto del proyecto neoliberal y ante la presencia de actores sociales organizados y movilizados, desde el Estado se han implementado diversas estrategias de intervención en lo social, tanto en Argentina como en diversos países de América Latina. En esos sentidos, el presente artículo pretende aportar a las discusiones sobre la relación Estado, sociedad civil y mercado en el campo de las políticas sociales en Argentina. En términos de objetivos y a partir de la revisión de fuentes secundarias, se busca analizar las relaciones entre las políticas sociales y el modelo agroalimentario durante los diversos gobiernos en el contexto posneoliberal, identificando las estrategias políticas, económicas y sociales desplegadas desde el Estado, pero también aquellas prácticas y sentidos de apropiación cotidiana por parte de sus usuarios, evitando un enfoque instrumental de las mismas. En esta última dirección, hacia el final, se presentará el caso de la asignación universal por hijo (AUH) y la dimensión alimentaria.; In the new millennium, after the transformations and political, economic and social consequences, product of the neoliberal project and in the face of the presence of organized and mobilized social actors, from the government has implemented, in the context of the ‘left turn’, varied intervention strategies in the social item, in Argentina and many countries of Latin America. The present article aims to contribute to the discussions on the relationship between State, civil society and market in the field of social politics in Argentina. In terms of objectives and from the review of secondary sources, it seeks to analyze the relationships between social politics and the agro-food model during the several governments in the post-neoliberal context, identifying the political, economic and social strategies deployed from the State, but also those practices and meanings of daily appropriation by its users, avoiding an instrumental focus approach to them. In this last direction, towards the end, the case of the Asignación Universal por Hijo (Universal Child Allowance) will be presented on the food dimension.

Pathogen accumulation cannot undo the impact of invasive species Policelli, Nahuel; Chiuffo, Mariana Cecilia; Moyano, Jaime; Torres, Agostina; Rodriguez Cabal, Mariano Alberto; Nuñez, Martin Andres Pathogen accumulation can decrease, increase, or not change invasive species abundance, but their impacts may persist in all scenarios.

Sobre los nuevos muros: un analisis arqueologico para un territorio violentado en el sur de Tucumán (1975-1983) Salvatore, Bruno; del Bel, Ezequiel Durante el periodo de represión política militar que tuvo lugar entre 1975-1983 en Argentina, la población del sur de Tucumán, provincia en la región norte de Argentina, resultó diferencialmente afectada. Además de los procesos represivos que involucraron muertos y desaparecidos, Centros Clandestinos de Detención y exilios, en Tucumán tuvieron lugar prácticas represivas de otro orden o con otros matices, asociadas al control y disciplinamiento de campesinos trasladados y emplazados en nuevas espacialidades urbanas militares. Esta violencia se estructuró sobre subjetividades militares abocadas a construir nuevos sujetos en nuevos espacios, en los que coexisten con lo que va dejando de ser actual (vida rural) y lo que va deviniendo en modernidad (vida urbana controlada) según el orden del discurso militar nacional. El trabajo, en esta ocasión, buscar contribuir al conocimiento del espacio construido y los dispositivos materiales instalados para controlar, disciplinar y forjar nuevas identidades en sus habitantes. Dispositivos que ?a simple vista- se hallan en gran cantidad y dispersos en el espacio público de un modo tal que resultaba, para aquel entonces, casi imposible caminar sin toparse con algunos de ellos.

Sensibilidad del nitrógeno anaeróbico en diferentes secuencias de cultivos bajo siembra directa Borisov, Julián A.; Ron, María de Las Mercedes; Martinez, Juan Manuel; Manso, Marina L.; Forján, Horacio José El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la incubación anaeróbica del nitrógeno (N) en su sensibilidad para detectar cambios y su variabilidad en el estrato superior, al final del tercer ciclo de un ensayo de larga duración bajo SD. El diseño es de 4 bloques completos aleatorizados con parcela dividida. En la parcela principal se contrastan secuencias de cultivo, y en la subparcela se ensayan dosis de N. Se seleccionaron 80 muestras extraídas en 2016 a 0-5 cm y 5-20 cm de una rotación con pasturas, otra secuencia mixta con verdeos y una agrícola, todas con trigo como cultivo antecesor. Sobre suelo seco al aire se determinó amonio antes (N-NH4+i) y después de una incubación en anaerobiosis (Ninc). Se calculó el N anaeróbico (Nan) como la diferencia. Las secuencias de cultivo afectaron significativamente el Ninc y el Nan en la profundidad de 0-5 cm. El N-NH4+i también fue sensible a las secuencias y rotaciones, pero en 5-20 cm. En todos estos casos se registraron menores valores para la secuencia agrícola. Dentro del estrato de 0-20 cm, el Nan tuvo una mayor tasa de disminución en los sistemas mixtos por su superioridad en 0-5 cm. En cada secuencia hubo escaso efecto de los tratamientos de fertilización sobre las variables estudiadas, destacándose la disminución del N-NH4+i en las parcelas en rotación con pasturas. Dentro de la secuencia mixta con verdeos, no se comprobaron efectos relevantes del CC, en comparación con la misma consociación de avena+vicia bajo pastoreo directo. El Nan estuvo estrechamente correlacionado con el Ninc por lo que se podría obviar la determinación del N-NH4+i, simplificando la estimación del potencial de mineralización. Fue posible resumir los resultados en ecuaciones de regresión de las variables estudiadas en función del número de cultivos de verano.

Depósitos de prodelta en el miembro Agua de la Mula (hauteriviano tardío – barremiano temprano), formación Agrio, Cuenca Neuquina Irastorza, Ainara; Perez Zavala, Carlos Eduardo; Irastorza, Maite; Turienzo, Martin Miguel La Formación Agrio se integra por depósitos marinos de plataforma mayormente de grano fino relacionados a una ingresión desde el proto-océano Pacífico. Está dividida en tres miembros: Pilmatué, Avilé y Agua de la Mula. El presente trabajo, centra sus estudios en el Miembro Agua de la Mula, el cual abarca el lapso Hauteriviano Tardío - Barremiano Temprano, y tiene como objetivo presentar un nuevo modelo depositacional. Se midieron dos columnas estratigráficas de entre 437 y 482 metros de espesor, ubicadas en inmediaciones de las localidades de Bajada del Agrio y Quili Malal, en ambos flancos del anticlinal Río Agrio. En las secciones analizadas se identificaron diferentes facies silicoclásticas (limolitas y areniscas) con estructuras masivas, paralelas, entrecruzada planar, hummocky y óndulas simétricas, asimétricas y escalantes; y también facies carbonáticas con bioclastos, en su mayoría desarticulados y fragmentados. Estas facies (en general, con abundante bioturbación), se agrupan conformando ciclos grano-estrato crecientes, los cuales gradan desde limolitas oscuras hasta espesos niveles arenosos y calcáreos con abundantes restos bioclásticos. El análisis de facies sugiere que estos ciclos corresponderían a depósitos de prodelta desarrollados en una zona de transición lower shoreface – offshore, donde el efecto combinado de acción de ola y descargas hiperpícnicas habría posibilitado el desarrollo de sistemas progradantes. Estos ciclos culminarían con un cese abrupto del aporte, resultando en la acumulación de depósitos carbonáticos a menudo modificados por oleaje.

Taxonomic analysis of the first ophiuroid remains for the Mesozoic of South America: the youngest record of the extinct genus Ophiopetra Hess Pazos, Pablo Jose; Giachetti, Luciana María; Fernández, Diana Elizabeth; Stöhr, Sabine; Thuy, Ben; Perez, Damián; Comerio, Marcos The findings of articulated and/or nearly complete brittle stars in South America are restricted to Devonian, Permian and Cenozoic specimens. In this work ophiuroids are described from the Neuquén Basin, Patagonia, Argentina. These are the first remains of ophiuroids for the Mesozoic of South America. The specimens show a circular disc approximately 3.5 mm in diameter, and five long and slender arms that are 3 times longer than the disc diameter. Lateral arm plates are stout, subquadrangular to subrectangular with distal edge convex and proximal and lateral edges mostly straight. The height/length ratio is approximately 0.62 in proximal lateral arm plates and 0.30 in the distal ones. There are one or two horseshoe-shaped arm spine articulations per lateral arm plate. Dorsal arm plates are subtriangular with convex distal edge, acute proximal edge and straight to slightly convex lateral edges. Ventral arm plates are subrectangular with concave lateral edges, acute proximal edge and pointed to slightly convex distal edge. The lateral arm plates exhibited by the specimens described herein are similar to what is found in Ophiodoris Koehler and Ophioplax Lyman. However, the disc ornamentation differs from both taxa: both sides of the disc are densely covered with granules. We therefore place these specimens in the extinct genus Ophiopetra Hess, also taking into account similarities in the overall shape of the lateral arm plates. The specimens belong to a new species but are poorly preserved. A new name is not introduced, as it would be based on an incomplete diagnosis. The systematic position of Ophiopetra has been under debate, ever since the erection of the genus. At the moment, Ophiopetra is considered an ophiolepidid. In the context of the latest progress in ophiuroid systematics, and thanks to new insights on the spine articulation microstructure of Ophiopetra lithographica presented herein, a transfer of Ophiopetra to the family Ophionereididae within the order Amphilepidida is proposed. This material expands the palaeogeographic record of this genus, since it represents the first remains of Ophiopetra described from the Southern Hemisphere. It is also the first post-Jurassic record of the genus worldwide.

Plataforma para Proyectos de Emprendimientos Agro Biotecnológicos en Incubación (PEABI) de la Incubadora UNS, primer caso: Hongos del Sol Postemsky, Pablo Daniel; Cubitto, María Amelia; González Matute, Ramiro; López Castro, Ramón Ignacio; Vazquez, María Belén; Pereyra Huertas Carolina; Marinangeli, Pablo Alejandro; López Villegas, David La plataforma PEABI consiste en una serie de actividades orientadas a la validación de ideas proyecto para determinar su factibilidad técnico-económica. Los productos potenciales que se evalúan con ella son principalmente aquellos que surjan de la investigación y/o de los estudios de grado y posgrado realizados por miembros del CERZOS e instituciones afines. Con la preincubación de los proyectos se busca obtener un plan de negocios ajustado sobre la base de la experiencia de los emprendedores. Ello permite considerar con mayor certeza una estrategia de salida para continuar, eventualmente, como Empresa de Base Tecnológica.

Los bifaces del sitio Quebrada Seca 3, Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca (5500-4500 años AP) desde un análisis integral Hocsman, Salomón; Babot, Maria del Pilar En este trabajo se analiza un conjunto de bifaces recuperado en estratigrafía en el sitio Quebrada Seca 3, localizado en Antofagasta de la Sierra, provincia de Catamarca. Las piezas consideradas proceden, específicamente, de las capas superiores del sitio (2b2 a 2b5), fechadas entre los 4500 y los 5500 años AP, que se relacionan con el inicio del tránsito a la producción de alimentos a nivel local. Interesa abordar a los bifaces desde una perspectiva que integra múltiples líneas de evidencia, a saber: estudio tecno-tipológico de detalle, análisis de microfósiles por microscopía de polarización, análisis lipídicos mediante Cromatografía Gaseosa-Espectrometría de Masas (GC-MS), de adhesivos empleados en el enmangue a través de Espectrometría de Infrarrojos por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) y análisis contextual de las diferentes evidencias arqueológicas recuperadas en las capas consideradas. Todas estas líneas son consideradas complementarias e igualmente importantes en este análisis. Diferentes autores han considerado a los bifaces como artefactos que se caracterizan por sus múltiples formas de presentación y posibilidades de uso, ya que pueden referir tanto a instrumentos o a núcleos, como a piezas en proceso de manufactura. De hecho, los roles jugados por los bifaces constituyen un tema que ha despertado gran interés y que se desarrolla con vigor hoy en día. El caso de los bifaces es particularmente relevante, dado el amplio espectro de posibilidades de producción/utilización. En razón de esto, los bifaces se analizan aquí a partir de una propuesta que combina y complementa los abordajes morfológico-funcional, técnico-morfológico, dimensional y funcional desde diferentes propuestas analíticas de la arqueobotánica y la físico-química, tendientes a evaluar los diferentes roles cumplidos por estos artefactos a lo largo de historias de vida variables. De esta forma, interesa distinguir entre bifaces como instrumentos, bifaces como soporte de instrumentos, bifaces en proceso de manufactura y bifaces como núcleos, entre otras posibilidades. Asimismo, se considera a la destreza técnica diferencial como un elemento que imprime variabilidad en los conjuntos de bifaces.

Phytoliths and other microfossils in archaeological smoking artifacts from Santiago del Estero?s plains (Argentina): Museum collections under the microscope Korstanje, María Alejandra; Burgos, Mónica Gabriela; Taboada, Constanza Multiple microfossil analysis (Coil et al.,2003) has generated important results in the study of archaeological soils and sediments, especially to study agricultural and livestock contexts. Successively, the use of this method to study domestic context and artifacts has also proved its effectiveness (Korstanje 2014). In recent years, smoking artifacts also showed positive results, although given the small amount of sediment obtainable it was a challenge one but not the only route taken by experts (Belmar et al. 2016, Martin Silva et al.,2016). However, all former positive cases came directly from archaeological contexts (excavation). In this occasion we present the first results of the recovery and determination of phytoliths and other microfossils from archaeological pipes exhibited as a collection from Sequia Vieja site, at the Museum of Anthropological and Natural Sciences "Emilio and Duncan Wagner" (Santiago del Estero, Argentina). They were recovered in nonsystematic excavations carried out in the 1940s, and deposited in glass cases in recent years. Although the recovery and conservation situations were not the desired, it was quite important to understand their use as possible smoking pipes since the site is being revisited at present for their importance in exchange and smoking routes (Taboada 2014), and for moment none was recovered in recent excavations. Based on this problem, multiple microfossil analysis was carried out in the pipes to determine a) the substances smoked; b) the potential diversity represented in the consumption, and c) the definition of whether they are local species or not. Comparisons were made with modern collection of plants considered to be part of the known regional prehispanic and current rural smoking complex. The results show that the methodology of multiple microfossil analysis can also be used safely within a collection context, since it allows to distinguish families of plants from the general smoking complex through contextual analysis. Despite this, it does not offer security for the identification of new local species, which require more controlled identifications, as they are still complete unknown.