The interactional ventriloquization of written records in the service of authority Van De Mieroop, Dorien; Carranza, Isolda Esmeralda In this article, we analyze three cases in which subordinates’ oral claims are refuted by superiors who draw on written documents of which the subordinates are the (in)direct authors. In this ventriloquization process (Cooren, 2012), the superiors construct these written documents as facts, which have institutionalized the evidential status of the claims. In particular, we use courtroom data and data from performance appraisal interviews in a medical organization. This comparison revealed that the latter allowed for a more flexible handling of written documents, while the former displayed a much more rigid structure in which the ‘incorporation’ of written records immediately entailed a number of interactionally non-negotiable implications. Overall, it became clear that by drawing on the different ontological status of written records, superiors subject subordinate participants to their authority, as such constituting the organization in the name of which they are acting and which reflexively entitles them to act in this way.

Humoral immune response of pregnant goats to two Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bacterin formulations Auad, Jordana; Cerutti, Julieta; Cooper, Laura Gabriela; Camussone, Cecilia María; Lozano, Natalia A.; Crespo, Francisco M.; Lozano, Alejandro Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic suppurative bacterial disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis with a high prevalence in small ruminants. Different vaccine preparations have been employed to control this disease. The adjuvant used in the formulation is a critical factor for the improvement of vaccine efficacy. No commercial vaccines are available in Argentina. The aims of the present work were to compare the specific antibody response against a C. pseudotuberculosis whole cell vaccine formulated with a classical and an immunoestimulant adjuvant in pregnant goats, and to assess the transfer of vaccine- specific antibodies from the goat to the offspring through colostrum. Twenty three pregnant goats were vaccinated. The animals were randomly allocated to three groups: control, aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 adjuvant and a new cage-like particle adjuvant (ISPA). Antibodies (IgG) against this antigen were measured by ELISA. A robust humoral immune response was detected in vaccinated animals, with production of specific IgG, without finding significant differences between the vaccines formulated with different adjuvants. High levels of specific antibodies were detected in colostrum samples from both immunized groups, which were passively transfered from goats to offprings. No adverse local reactions in the vaccines injection sites were detected.

Phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Cucurbitaceae fruits Ramirez, Maria Rosana; Oyhenart, Jorge Fruits have been known as great source of bioactive natural compounds with potential biological effects. The objective of this work was to perform digestive enzyme inhibition assays with methanolic extracts of six fruits from the family Cucurbitaceas. The extracts were also analyzed for antioxidant capacity (DPPH·), qualitative and quantitative composition of chemical compounds and nutrients. The fruit extracts showed similar antioxidant activities and had substantially different total polyphenolic contents. In addition, the six fruit extracts examined, at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, significantly inhibited β glucosidase and lipase activity, in vitro. These results may be related to the profile of polyphenolic compounds. In conclusion, it can be said that cucurbits fruits are a valuable horticultural product, based on their rich and beneficial chemical composition.

Detection and isolation of faults on the rotor side converter of doubly fed induction generators; Diagnóstico de fallas en el convertidor del rotor en generadores de inducción con rotor bobinado González, Guillermo Noel; de Angelo, Cristian Hernan; Forchetti, Daniel Gustavo; Aligia, Diego Andrés This article presents a fault diagnosis strategy for open switch faults in the rotor side converter of doubly fed induction generators. The proposed strategy uses state observers based on dynamic models obtained from an approach based on differential geometry. These observers allow the generation of residue signals that are sensitive to each fault and insensitive to disturbances. From these signals a residual vector is constructed with information that can be used for the detection and isolation of the fault. The detection strategy consists of evaluating the envelope of the module of the residual vector. Isolation requires evaluating the region of the plane described by the residual vector and comparing that region with the one associated with each fault scenario. Finally, results are presented where it is demonstrated that the proposal allows to detect, isolate and identify open switch faults, both single and multiple, even against parametric errors and other disturbances.

Rodent Abundance and Hantavirus Infection in Protected Area, East-Central Argentina Maroli, Malena; Vadell, María Victoria; Padula, Paula Julieta; Gomez Villafañe, Isabel Elisa We captured 3 hantavirus rodent hosts in Otamendi Natural Reserve, Argentina, during 2007–2012. Hantavirus antibodies were found only in Akodon azarae grass mice, mainly in males and old animals. Higher abundance of this species was associated with warm and rainy weather and high water levels, which peaked after a strong El Niño event.

First report of Colletotrichum siamense causing apple bitter rot in central Argentina Fernandez, Laura Noemí; Alaniz, Sandra; Mondino, Pedro; Roeschlin, Roxana Andrea; Maumary, Roxana Lorena; Gariglio, Norberto Francisco; Favaro, María Alejandra The introduction of low-chill apple cultivars in Argentina allowed the expansion of production into warmer northern and central areas. Bitter rot, caused by Colletotrichum species, is one of the prevalent apple diseases worldwide (Baroncelli et al. 2014, Munir et al. 2016, Velho et al. 2015). In December 2014, bitter rot symptoms were observed on apple fruits cvs. ?Eva?, ?Caricia? and ?Princesa? in four orchards of Santa Fe province. The rot began as brown, 1-2 mm circular spots which enlarged rapidly and became sunken and extended toward the fruit core in a V-shaped pattern. Under high humidity conditions concentric rings of pinhead-size salmon acervuli formed in the lesions. Causal agent was isolated by touching acervuli with a sterile needle and monosporic cultures were obtained on PDA after 7 days at 25°C, with a 12-h light period. Colonies were white to gray on the top and pink on the underside, where concentric rings of salmon acervuli were clearly distinguished. The width and length of one hundred conidia were examined in three isolates (E3, E8 and E9), ranging from 3.37 to 5.54 μm (avg. 4.46), and from 11 to 17.85 μm (avg. 14.58), respectively. Conidia were mainly cylindrical, with rounded ends. After germination, conidia formed oval appressoria ranging from 9.17 to 10.31 μm (avg. 9.65), and from 6.88 to 7.81 μm (avg. 7.39). These morphological characteristics correspond to species belonging to C. gloesporioides complex (Weir et al. 2012). To accurately identify the species, DNA was extracted from isolates and genes corresponding to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ß-tubulin (TUB2) and calmodulin (CAL) were partially amplified and sequenced. CAL and GAPDH sequences presented a 100% of identity with species of Colletotrichum siamense, whereas TUB2 sequences showed between 99 and 100 % of identity with the same species. The nucleotides sequences were deposited in GenBank (KY656675-KY656677, GAPDH; KY656678-KY656680, TUB2; and MF476801-MF476803, CAL). Multilocus phylogenetic analyses performed with references sequences (Weir et al. 2012) showed that the three isolates clustered with C. siamense, in accordance with BLAST results. To confirm pathogenicity, each isolate was inoculated in eight fruits of the cultivar from which it was originally obtained. Two drops of 10 μl of conidial suspension (1x105 conidia per ml) were deposited in wounded and non-wounded areas on fruits previously disinfested with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 1 min and rinsed twice with sterile distilled water. Drops of sterile water were deposited in eight fruits as control. Pathogenicity tests were repeated twice. Fruits were kept under high humidity conditions at 25°C for ten days. First symptoms appeared 3 days after inoculation (DAI) in wounded areas and 5 DAI in non-wounded areas. After that, all of the isolates produced symptoms identical to those previously described, whereas the controls remain symptomless. The pathogen was re-isolated from lesions, and identified as C. siamense by morphological characteristics and based on the CAL sequences, as previously described. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. siamense in Argentina causing bitter rot on apple. C. siamense was previously reported to be more aggressive than other Colletotrichum species, but it is also more sensitive to fungicides (Munir et al. 2016), which encourages the development of species-specific management strategies for this pathogen in central Argentina.

Calidad visual en el rango de adaptación mesópico Sánchez, Roberto Francisco El nivel de iluminación de una escena visual afecta a diferentes aspectos del sistema visual humano. Por una parte, contribuye a la adaptación de los conos y bastones, pero además modula la respuesta de la pupila, lo cual determina en cierta medida la calidad óptica del ojo. En particular, la reducción de la luminancia trae aparejada un aumento en el tamaño pupilar, produciéndose una disminución de la calidad óptica. Parte de este deterioro es debido a un incremento de las aberraciones del ojo y parte se debe a la difusión intraocular. Para comprender mejor este proceso, en este trabajo se ha realizado un estudio de la calidad óptica del ojo humano en función de la luminancia de adaptación. Un primer objetivo ha sido estudiar la difusión intraocular en base a la zona periférica de la imagen retiniana, en un modelo de ojo ideal. Para ello, se ha diseñado y construido un sistema experimental de doble-paso, basado en el registro de imágenes de una fuente puntual generada con un láser de 780 nm, después de la reflexión en la retina y el doble paso de la luz a través de los medios oculares. De este estudio se ha derivado un método que permite determinar la transmitancia directa de los medios del ojo artificial. Además, se analizó la posibilidad de implementar el método en el ojo humano, mediante medidas en una muestra de sujetos jóvenes normales, obteniendo un parámetro que correlaciona con la transmisión de los medios oculares. Además, se ha determinado la calidad de la imagen ocular en una muestra de población normal en términos de la función de transferencia de modulación (MTF) y de diferentes parámetros de calidad óptica calculados a partir de la medida simultanea de la imagen de doble-paso (frecuencia de corte de la MTF, relación de Strehl, FWHM, y los índices de difusión OSI y AFSI) y de la aberración del frente de onda (RMS). Para este segundo objetivo se ha desarrollado un sensor de frente de onda de Shack-Hartmann. Los parámetros se han medido para distintos tamaños pupilares y luminancias de adaptación conteniendo valores en el rango mesópico en sujetos voluntarios. Se determinó la MTF media para cada nivel de iluminación y cada tamaño de pupila, y se calcularon las aberraciones de hasta el quinto orden. Todos los parámetros de calidad óptica experimentan una sistemática disminución a medida que se reducía la luminancia o aumentaba el tamaño de la pupila. Estos resultados sugieren que es posible simular las condiciones de calidad óptica de una determinada escena visual controlando el tamaño de la pupila. Finalmente, se encontró que el índice de difusión OSI aumenta mientras que el parámetro AFSI se mantiene constante con la cantidad de aberraciones (RMS). Esta independencia de AFSI con las aberraciones permite valorarlo como en una métrica más robusta para describir la difusión en un ojo sano.; The level of illumination of a visual scene affects different aspects of the human visual system. On the one hand, it contributes to the adaptation of the cones and rods but also modulates the response of the pupil, which determines to a certain extent the optical quality of the eye. In particular, the reduction of the luminance brings about an increase in the pupillary size, producing a decrease in the optical quality. Part of this deterioration is due to an increase in the aberrations of the eye and part is due to intraocular scattering. To better understand this process, in this work a study of the optical quality of the human eye as a function of the adaptation luminance has been carried out. A first objective has been to study intraocular scattering based on the peripheral zone of the retinal image, in an ideal eye model. An experimental double-pass system has been designed and built, based on the recording of images from a point source generated with a 780 nm laser, after reflection in the retina and the double pass of light through the ocular media. From this study, a method has been derived that allows determining the direct transmittance of the artificial eye media. In addition, we analyzed the possibility of implementing the method in the human eye, by measuring a sample of normal young subjects, obtaining a parameter that correlates with the transmission of the ocular media. In addition, the quality of the ocular image in a normal population sample has been determined in terms of the modulation transfer function (MTF) and of different optical quality parameters computed from the simultaneous measurement of the double-pass image (cutting frequency of the MTF, Strehl ratio, FWHM, and diffusion indexes OSI and AFSI) and wavefront aberration (RMS). For this second objective, a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor has been developed. The parameters were measured for different pupillary sizes and adaptation luminances containing values in the mesopic range in volunteer subjects. The mean MTF was determined for each level of illumination and each pupil size, and aberrations of up to the fifth order were calculated. All the parameters of optical quality undergo a systematic decrease as the luminance was reduced or the pupil size increased. These results suggest that it is possible to simulate the optical quality conditions of a certain visual scene by controlling the size of the pupil. Finally, it was found that the OSI scattering index increases while the AFSI parameter remains constant with the number of aberrations (RMS). This independence of AFSI with aberrations makes it possible to evaluate it as in a more robust metric to describe scattering in a healthy eye.

A CFD study with analytical and experimental validation of laminar and turbulent mass-transfer in electrochemical reactors Colli, Alejandro Nicolás; Bisang, Jose Maria This work presents numerical simulations, with validation considering analytical expressions and experimental results, of masstransfer in electrochemical reactors under laminar and turbulent flows in ducts of rectangular and tubular shape. Sudden expansion at the reactor inlet and segmented electrodes are also analyzed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed solving the laminar or RANS equations with the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model using the open source code OpenFOAMin steady-state. For mass-transfer simulations, the averaged diffusion-convection equation was implemented and solved. A good agreement between mass-transfer simulations with experimental data and analytical results were attained for both laminar and turbulent flow. Discussions about the segmented electrode technique in order to obtain local mass-transfer data in laminar and turbulent flow are also performed.

Ticks infesting cattle and humans in the Yungas Biogeographic Province of Argentina, with notes on the presence of tick-borne bacteria Saracho Bottero, María Noelia; Tarragona, Evelina Luisa; Sebastian, Patrick Stephan; Venzal, José M.; Mangold, Atilio Jose; Guglielmone, Alberto Alejandro; Nava, Santiago This study was performed to determine the tick species that infest cattle and humans throughout an altitudinal gradient in the Yungas Biogeographic Province of Argentina. The presence of tick-borne bacteria of the genera Rickettsia, Ehrlichia and Borrelia in the collected ticks was also evaluated. Samples of ticks parasitizing cattle and humans were carried out in different seasons. Questing ticks (adults and nymphs) were collected from vegetation and analyzed to detect the presence of Rickettsia, Ehrlichia and Borrelia by a battery of different PCRs. Five species of hard ticks were found parasitizing cattle: Amblyomma sculptum, Amblyomma tonelliae, Amblyomma hadanii, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi and Ixodes pararicinus. Amblyomma sculptum (immature and adults), A. tonelliae (immature and adults), A. hadanii (larvae) and one nymph of I. pararicinus were found attached to humans. Rickettsia amblyommatis was detected in one nymph of A. hadanii. DNA of a Borrelia genospecies belonging to the B. burgdorferi s.l. complex (phylogenetically related to haplotypes previously reported in Ixodes aragaoi from Uruguay and I. pararicinus from Argentina) was detected in adults of I. pararicinus. Amblyomma sculptum and I. pararicinus appear to be the tick species more frequent on cattle in the YBP from Argentina, and A. sculptum and A. tonelliae, were the main ticks found attached to humans. The medical importance of the bacteria of the genus Rickettsia and Borrelia detected in this work remains unknown.

Alteraciones de los bosques nativos en el norte argentino: normativas y mecanismos de compensación por servicios ambientales; Alterations of Native Forests in Northern Argentine: Regulations and Compensation Mechanisms for Environmental Services Luna, Claudia Verónica Los recursos naturales conforman los insumos de cualquier actividad económica desarrollada por el hombre; pero es una realidad que la mayoría de los ecosistemas forestales nativos de Argentina presentan desde serias alteraciones con su consecuente pérdida de biodiversidad; no hay mejor estrategia de política ambiental que aquélla que concurra simultáneamente a resolver los problemas ambientales y los socio-económicos con la insustituible acción del Estado. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la situación de los bosques del norte argentino luego de la ley de presupuestos mínimos para la protección ambiental de los mismos; para conocer en profundidad los procesos asociados a su alteración, las normativas vigentes para su protección y uso sustentable, como así también los mecanismos de compensación por servicios ambientales que surgen a partir de ellos.; Natural resources form the inputs of any economic activity carried out by human beings; but it is a reality that most native forest ecosystems in Argentina present from serious alterations with consequent loss of biodiversity. Therefore, there is no better strategy for environmental policy than that which contributes simultaneously to solve environmental and socioeconomic problems with the irreplaceable State action. The objective of this work is to analyze the situation of the forests of northern Argentina after the law the implementation of minimum budgets for their environmental protection, to know in depth the processes associated with its alteration; current regulations for protection and sustainable use; as well as the compensation mechanisms for environmental services arising from them.

Variedades y variaciones de capitalismo en la periferia. América Latina y el Este Asiático reconsiderados Fernández, Víctor Ramiro; Bazza, Alcides; Seiler, Cristhian Rubén El artículo propone un marco analítico alternativo al enfoque institucional de Variedades de Capitalismo para comprender la divergente emergencia y dinamismo industrial entre el Este Asiático y América Latina al interior del denominado Sur Global. El carácter alternativo se fundamenta en el distanciamiento del tratamiento nacionalista metodológico y focalizado en las complementariedades institucionales identificadas en países desarrollados -propio de este enfoque-, para considerar las características que identifican a países en contextos periféricos, y los cambios temporales y espaciales al interior de estos. Se introduce las nociones de ?núcleo de acumulación? y ?núcleo de implicación estatal? como herramentales teóricos alternativos que consideran tal condición periférica -y sus cambios-, entendiendo a los procesos de acumulación y a los Estados que conforman las macro-regiones analizadas en una relación dialéctica e inter-penetrante con permisividades externas y viabilidades internas.

Tube-based MPC with Nonlinear Control for Load Transportation using a UAV Santos, Marcelo A.; Ferramosca, Antonio; Raffo, Guilherme V. This paper presents a two-stage cascade control framework to solve hierarchically the trajectory tracking problem of a Tilt-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) carrying a suspended load. Initially, a nonlinear dynamic model is presented, which is after decoupled into two subsystems. The outer control system is designed by means of a robust tube-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy, which is used to control the UAV´s planar motion and stabilize the suspended load. For the inner control system, the input-output feedback linearization (IOFL) technique combined with the dynamic extension approach and a discrete mixed H2/H∞ controller is considered to control the UAV´s altitude and attitude. Simulations results are carried out to corroborate the proposed control strategy.

Aquel lejano Oeste: paradojas de la (in)movilidad en la ciudad de Santa Fe Szupiany, Estefanía Belén El crecimiento desigual y fragmentado del borde Oeste de la ciudad de Santa Fe puede ser analizado en función de la movilidad e inmovilidad allí experimentada. Una paradoja materializada en el trazado de la Avenida Circunvalación en tanto espacio destinado a las altas velocidades y, al mismo tiempo, en tanto formalización de un límite y barrera al intercambio socio-espacial. Con el objetivo de revisar los fundamentos epistemológicos de las políticas urbanas (que derivaron en omisiones y resoluciones tecnocráticas), este artículo propone recuperar la historicidad del proceso de ideación y planificación, a través de los diferentes documentos y planes urbanísticos confeccionados para la ciudad, enfocando el análisis en los modos en que fue concebido el margen Oeste en relación al Río Salado.

Las concepciones políticas de la reforma constitucional de 1949: las visiones del peronismo y la Unión Cívica Radical; The political conceptions of the constitutional reform of 1949: the visions of Peronism and the Unión Cívica Radical; As concepções políticas da reforma constitucional de 1949: Visões do peronismo e da Unión Cívica Radical Ajmechet, Sabrina Artículo enviado con pedido de publicación diciembre 2016. La constitución de 1949, sancionada durante el primer gobierno de Juan Domingo Perón, mantuvo los principios de gobierno representativo: no introdujo un régimen corporativistas de representación ni modificó la división tripartita de poderes. Sin embargo, sentó las bases dogmáticas y se ocupó del articulado institucional de un tipo de gobierno diferente al imaginado en 1853. Bajo la premisa de que era necesario superar las deficiencias del régimen representativo-liberal, el peronismo propuso un diseño constitucional fundado en una visión integrista y organicista de la política. Esta redefinición produjo modificaciones sustanciales tanto en la idea de representación como en la definición misma de democracia. A partir del análisis de las posiciones de los peronistas y de los radicales en la reforma constituyente se analizarán cuestiones fundamentales de lo político: ¿Cómo imaginaron peronistas y radicales la representación política? ¿De qué forma definieron a la democracia? ¿Cómo creían que se debía gobernar?; The 1949 constitution, approved under Juan Domingo Perón’s first presidency, maintained the principles of representative government: it did not introduce corporatist principles of representation or modify the tripartite division of powers. Nevertheless, it laid the dogmatic bases and dealt with the institutional articulation of a type of government different from that imagined in 1853. Under the premise that it was necessary to overcome the deficiencies of the representative-liberal regime, the Peronist goverment proposed a constitutional design based on an organicist visión of politics. This redefinition produced substantial modifications both in the idea of representation and in the very definition of democracy. From the analysis of the positions expresed during the debate of the Constitutional Reform by the Peronists’ and Radicals’ legislators we will analize some basic political conceptions: How did they imagine political representation? How did they define democracy? How did they define the characteristics of a good goverment?; A constituição de 1949, aprovada durante o primeiro governo de Juan Domingo Perón, mantidos os princípios do governo representativo: não introduzido uma representação corporativista ou alterada a divisão tripartida dos poderes. No entanto, ele estabeleceu a base dogmática e um articulado institucional diferente de imaginado em 1853. Sob a premissa de que a reforma era necessária para superar as deficiências do regime liberal representativa, o peronismo proposto um projeto constitucional fundada na visão do governo e política fundamentalistas organísmicos. Esta redefinição produzido mudanças substanciais tanto a ideia de representação como na definição de democracia. A partir da análise das posições dos peronistas e radicais na reforma fundamental constituinte serão discutidas alguns conceitos políticos básicos: Como peronistas e radicais imaginado representação política? Como eles definiram a democracia? Como é que eles acham que era a melhor forma de governo?

El aporte de las cooperativas a las políticas públicas y el territorio: un análisis de las mediciones estadísticas en Argentina; Cooperatives’ contribution to public policies and territory: Analysis of Argentinian statistical measurements’; A contribuição das cooperativas para as políticas públicas e o território: uma análise das medidas estatísticas na Argentina Castelao Caruana, Maria Eugenia Introducción: en las últimas décadas, los poderes públicos nacionales y los organismos internacionales han incrementado su interés por la forma de organización cooperativa, y reconocen su capacidad de contribuir al abordaje de problemas sociales, económicos y ambientales. Metodología: la metodología de esta investigación se basa en el modelo analítico de políticas púbicas que propone comprender la lógica que encierra la acción de las instituciones políticas y de los actores involucrados en las intervenciones públicas desde el ángulo de su contribución a la solución de los problemas colectivos.Resultados: el trabajo estudia el papel de las cooperativas en las políticas públicas a partir del análisis de las intervenciones públicas de alcance nacional, vigentes en Argentina en el periodo 2003-2015. Por otra parte, se identifican y analizan las distintas fuentes de información disponibles en el país que podrían dar cuenta de las acciones que realizan estas entidades.Conclusiones: se plantea la necesidad de registrar y medir el peso económico y social de las coopera-tivas y el impacto de su participación en las políticas públicas a fin de producir un mejor conocimiento sobre la realidad del sector, fortalecer su imagen positiva y difundir esta forma de organización.; Introduction: In recent decades, national public authorities and international organizations have beco-me growingly interested in cooperative organization and recognize its possibility to contribute social, economic and environmental problems approach.Methodology: The methodology of this research is based on a public policies analytical model that aims to understand the logic that underlies political institutions and actors involved in public interventions’ actions with respect to their contribution to solve collective problems.Results: The paper studies the role of cooperatives in public policies based on the analysis of public interventions of national scope given in Argentina from 2003 to 2015. Also, the different sources of information available in the country that could disclose the actions carried out by these entities are identified and analyzed.Conclusions: There is a need to register and measure cooperatives’ economic and social importance and the impact of their participation in public policies in order to attain better understanding of the sector’s reality, strengthen its positive image and publicize this form of organization.; Introdução: nas últimas décadas, as autoridades públicas nacionais e as organizações internacionais aumentaram o seu interesse pela forma de organização cooperativa, e reconheceram a sua capacidade de contribuir para o tratamento de problemas sociais, económicos e ambientais.Metodologia: a metodologia da presente investigação baseia-se no modelo analítico de políticas públicas que propõe compreender a lógica em torno à ação das instituições políticas e os atores envolvidos em intervenções públicas, a partir do ângulo de sua contribuição para a solução de problemas coletivos.Resultados: o artigo estuda o papel das cooperativas nas políticas públicas a partir da análise de in-tervenções públicas de abrangência nacional, vigentes na Argentina no período 2003-2015. Por outro lado, identificam-se e analisam-se as diferentes fontes de informação disponíveis no país, que poderiam explicar as ações realizadas por essas entidades.Conclusões: expõe-se a necessidade de registrar e medir o peso econômico e social das cooperativas e o impacto de sua participação nas políticas públicas, a fim de melhor compreender a realidade do setor, fortalecer sua imagem positiva e disseminar essa forma de organização.

Positioning Latin America within the Southern Turn in Planning: Perspectives on an “Emerging Field”. Conclusion to the Special Issue on Latin America Galland, Daniel; Elinbaum, Pablo The conclusion to this special issue on the state of planning in Latin America provides a series of critical reflections based on the cross-comparative analysis of its seven contributions. Rather than summarising the results embedded in the survey, we allude to the thematic questions posed in the introduction by responding with thought-provoking, argument-based counter-questions as revealed by each of the section headings comprising this conclusion. To make a contribution towards positioning planning in Latin America as an emerging “field” within the Southern turn in planning, the following sections suggest a series of research trajectories whose underlying rationales build on the exposed perceptions around significant planning problems across the region.

A “Field” Under Construction: The State of Planning in Latin America and the Southern Turn in Planning. Introduction to the Special Issue on Latin America Galland, Daniel; Elinbaum, Pablo This special issue takes a point of departure on the “southern turn in planning” with an emphasis on Latin America and seeks to contribute to the current wave of debates around international comparative planning. Its objective is to target the “state of the art” of planning interventions as well as contemporary forms of planning knowledge and academic scholarship across the region. In doing so, a number of key themes are identified through rationales ranging from the emergence of planning policies, practices and discourses to gaps between theory and practice, and then moving on to the state of planning education and the exchange of planning knowledge across different countries within the region. Based on these themes, the substance of the issue embraces inputs by academics with planning knowledge and expertise from Argentina, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, Brazil and Peru. The conclusion to the issue presents a cross-comparative analysis and synthesises a series of research axes aimed at designing a research agenda concerning planning in Latin America.

Natural resources and primary sector-dependent territories in Latin America Gorenstein, Silvia Mirta; Ortiz, Ricardo Recursos naturales y territorios primarizados en Latinoamérica. Area Development and Policy. La renovada discusión acerca de los problemas asociados con la especialización productiva y comercial de los países latinoamericanos en la exportación de productos básicos (agricultura, minería y energía) y materias primas a los países desarrollados se vuelve relevante debido a ciertas características de la era contemporánea: la deslocalización de las grandes corporaciones industriales y la lógica asociada al ‘capital mariposa’; el ascenso del capitalismo financiero y sus crisis; la revolución científico-tecnológica basada en tecnologías de información y comunicación; el liderazgo de nuevos jugadores en el comercio mundial con la expansión de la demanda de los países asiáticos y particularmente de China; y el aumento en los precios de los productos básicos.; A renewed discussion about the problems associated with the productive and commercial specialization of Latin American countries in the export of commodities (agricultural, mining and energy) and raw materials to developed countries is important due to certain characteristics of the contemporary era, namely: the productive offshoring of large industrial corporations and the associated logic of ‘butterfly capital’; the rise and crisis in particular of financialized capitalism; the scientific–technological revolution based on information and communications technologies; the leadership of new players in world trade with the expansion of demand from Asian countries and particularly from China; and the rise in commodity prices.; 南美洲自然资源和主要行业依赖地区]. Area Development and Policy. 由于当今世界呈现出新的发展特征，对拉丁美洲国家向发达国家出口（农业、矿产、能源）商品和原材料的过程中存在的生产和商业专业分工问题进行重新探讨具有重要意义。这些新的发展特征包括：大型工业企业的生产外包以及相关的“蝴蝶资本”逻辑；金融化资本主义的兴衰；基于信息与通信技术的科技革命；随着亚洲国家尤其是中国需求的扩大而出现的世界贸易新的领导者；以及商品价格的上涨。; Природные ресурсы и территории, зависимые от первичного сектора, в Южной Америке. Area Development and Policy. Возобновленное обсуждение проблем, связанных с производственной и коммерческой специализацией латиноамериканских стран в экспорте сырьевых товаров (сельскохозяйственных, минеральных и энергетических) в развитые страны, имеет важное значение в связи с определенными особенностями современной эпохи, а именно: производственным офшорингом крупных промышленных корпораций и связанной с этим логикой ‘капитала-бабочки’; подъемом и падением, в частности, финансового капитализма; научно-технической революцией, основанной на информационно-коммуникационных технологиях; лидерством новых игроков в мировой торговле с расширением спроса со стороны азиатских стран и особенно со стороны Китая; ростом цен на сырьевые товары.

Low Density Wood Impregnation with Water-Repellent Organosilicic Compounds Canosa, Guadalupe; Alfieri, Paula Vanesa; Giudice, Carlos Alberto Many protective treatments for low density wood are applied by impregnationto give water-repellency and to control pathologies that usually have this substrate.The properties of Araucaria angustifolia , chemically modified by impregnationwith methyltriethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane and mixtures ofboth in several ratios, were investigated to achieve mainly high dimensionalstability, low capillary water absorption as well as satisfactory water vaporpermeability. The aforementioned impregnants produce the wood chemicalmodification, involving the reaction of hydroxyl groups of the wood with thehydrolysis products of alcoxysilanes. It is concluded that the organosiliconpolymers allow improving important characteristics of wood: 1) the non-occlusivecoating keeps the water vapor permeability unaltered; 2) the alkoxysilane type definesthe hydrophobicity and the continuity of coating formed on the porewall and finally; 3) the polymeric structure formed after finishing sol-gelprocess incises both on the capillary water absorption and the dimensionalstability. In addition, the studied treatments have the advantage of allowingthat the water vapor, which permeates through the organosilicon coatingplaced on cell wall, can exit by hydrophobic repulsion and thus, prevent faultsappearance generated by the condensed water inside of wood.

Fabrication of folic acid magnetic nanotheranostics: An insight on the formation mechanism, physicochemical properties and stability in simulated physiological media Azcona, Pamela Liliana; López Corral, Ignacio; Lassalle, Verónica Leticia Nanodevices based on magnetite functionalized with folic acid (FA) with improved properties to be employed as theranostics in various types of cancer are here proposed. Two methodologies for FA incorporation were explored aiming to reach suitable loading efficiency as well as adequate stability of nanosystems in physiological media. To this end, simple adsorption and covalent binding of FA and some experimental conditions derived from both procedures were studied. A thorough physicochemical characterization was performed using all the formulations. The mechanism of the interaction between FA and magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) was elucidated from characterization results supported by theoretical studies using spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT). Both data coincide in that the selective functional group of FA (pteridine group) remained available after FA binding MNPs. Such studies also demonstrated that any of FA carboxylate groups could be available to potentially link other molecule (i.e therapeutic agents). Besides, other issues that are not normally accomplished in reported articles were included; i.e the stability according to two different criteria: size evolution (expressed as hydrodynamic diameter) as a function of time in aqueous media; and the capacity FA retention in PBS, pH = 7.4. Recovered data indicated that the samples are stable at least 15 days in water and 4 h in buffer without significant modifications of their properties. The feasibility of these formulations to interact with simulated physiological fluid was also assayed. The results revealed that protein corona was formed around all the tested formulations leading to more stable nanodevices in terms of their hydrodynamic sizes and size evolution along the time. To complete the theranostic characteristic, Doxorubicin was added to the MNPs@FA by physical adsorption, to provide the therapeutic function. The satisfactory incorporation was verified by FTIR spectroscopy.