Risk factors associated with the abundance of Nosema spp. in apiaries located in temperate and subtropical conditions after honey harvest Pacini, Adriana Cecilia; Giacobino, Agostina; Molineri, Ana Inés; Bulacio Cagnolo, Natalia Verónica; Aignasse, Andrea María E; Zago, Luis; Mira, Anabela; Izaguirre, Mercedes; Schnittger, Leonhard; Merke, Julieta; Orellano, Emanuel Matías; Bertozzi, Ezequiel; Pietronave, Hernán Pablo; Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are obligate parasites that develop within the honey bee gut reducing the life of theirhost. The role that they have in colony losses is not clear, and it remains to be elucidated how the geographical andseasonal variations influence pathogenicity of nosema. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated withthe abundance of Nosema spp. spores in apiaries located in temperate and subtropical regions after honey harvest. Atotal of 361 colonies distributed in five eco-regions of Argentina were examined to evaluate the abundance of Nosemaspp. spores. Regions differed with regard to temperature, precipitation, and vegetation landscape. The abundance ofNosema spp. spores was significantly higher in temperate than in subtropical regions. A south-north gradient of Nosemaspp. spore abundance was found, with the highest spore counts observed in South Santa Fe, continuously descendingtowards the northern regions of higher temperature. The observed gradient may be related to weather conditionsand/or availability of floral resources in each eco-region. Also, colonies with >3% of Varroa destructor infestation showedthe highest abundance of Nosema spp. spores. N. ceranae, N. apis, and co-infection were identified in 37.77, 26.66, and35.55% of the studied colonies, respectively.

Pertenencia social y comprensión de la desigualdad social en niños y niñas de grupos sociales contrastantes Acuña Figueroa, María Belén; Aguilera Sicot, Romina; Cesario, Julieta; Imhoff, Débora Soledad El estudio indagó las nociones sobre desigualdad social de niños y niñas de grupos sociales contrastantes, focalizando en las construcciones cognitivas infantiles considerando los contextos sociales de pertenencia. Se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se realizaron 67 entrevistas semi-estructuradas a niños/as de 10 y 11 años de nivel socioeconómico medio-alto y bajo de la ciudad de Córdoba, seleccionados/as por muestreo teórico. Los datos fueron procesados mediante Análisis de Contenido Cualitativo. Asimismo, se efectuó una indagación de las atribuciones causales subyacentes a las explicaciones sobre el origen del fenómeno, y una exploración de los atravesamientos ideológicos en tornoa la comprensión de este problema social. Los resultados señalan que ambos grupos compartieron aspectos en torno a su comprensión de la desigualdad social. Aun así, ciertas dimensiones mostraron divergencias entre ambos grupos, dando cuenta de diferencias en la forma de comprender este objeto socio-político en función de las pertenencias sociales.

Postnatal cranial growth of Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) Flores, David Alfredo; del Castillo, Daniela Laura; Tadasu Yamada The short-nosed Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) is the fifth largest member of Delphinidae, but is one of the least studied dolphin species. We studied the postnatal ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of the skull of Risso’s dolphin by applying linear bivariate and multivariate analyses of allometry and discussing our findings in a comparative and functional framework. Comparing a representative of the Globicephalinae subfamily (a typically short-nosed group) with previously studied cetaceans belonging to different families is important for evaluating variations in the growth of splanchnocranium and neurocranium in cetaceans. Results of bivariate and multivariate approaches were mostly similar. The trophic apparatus showed positive allometry or isometry, whereas negative allometry was observed in neurochranial components and in width of external nares. We detected sexual dimorphism in the growth pattern of cranial variables related to trophic functions, suggesting slight differences in the mechanics of the trophic apparatus. Our results indicate a very low degree of sexual dimorphism in skull growth compared with other dolphins with most dimorphic growth rates favoring females; this result can be related to the earlier acquisition of an optimal performance in females, which is important for reproductive requirements. The growth of the splanchnocranium, and especially of those characters associated with the trophic function, exhibits a pattern of higher growth rate than neurochranial components, regardless of the short face of G. griseus.

Sequestration of native soil organic carbon and residue carbon in complex agroecosystems Bichel, Amanda; Oelbermann, Maren; Voroney, Paul; Echarte, Laura Knowing short-term gains and losses of soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for understanding the role of different land management practices in climate change mitigation. This study evaluated the flow of carbon (C) in soil from two differently configured intercrops [1:2 (one row of maize and two rows soybean); 2:3 (two rows of maize and three rows of soybean)] compared to a maize and soybean sole crop as a result of residue addition. Addition of soybean or maize residues significantly increased (p < 0.05) SOC, light fraction (LF-C), and soil microbial biomass (SMB). Soil organic C from native sources was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than C from new (residue) sources. The LF had a significantly greater (p < 0.05) C content from new sources. Treatments amended with soybean residue had a significantly greater (p < 0.05) contribution from new C sources for SOC and LF than treatments amended with maize residue. The SMB-C was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the 2:3 intercrop. Cumulative soil CO2 emission was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in intercrops than in sole crops. CO2 emissions derived from new C sources was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that derived from native sources in maize amended treatments; and not significantly different (p < 0.05) for treatments amended with soybean residues.

Daño en el ADN en leucocitos de equinos sometidos a esfuerzo físico; Effects of environmental perturbations during postnatal development on the phenotypic integration of the skull Muriel, MG; Seoane, Analia Isabel; Ferreira, V.; Boffi, Federico Martín; Picco, Sebastian Julio En los últimos años se ha observado un creciente interés por el estudio de los efectos beneficiosos y perjudiciales asociados al ejercicio. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer la existencia de daño en el ADN en leucocitos circulantes de equinos sometidos a un test de ejercicio de alta intensidad y corta duración. La determinación del daño en el ADN se realizó mediante el ensayo cometa versión alcalina. Se usaron 5 equinos. Se extrajeron muestras al comenzar el ejercicio, al alcanzar la velocidad máxima, al finalizar el ejercicio y a los 30 días post ejercicio. Simultáneamente se realizaron ergoespirmoterías continuas para determinar el consumo de oxígeno durante el ejercicio. La frecuencia de células con daño en el ADN fue 0,122, 0,240, 0,210 y 0,100, mientras que el índice de daño en el ADN fue 11,8, 28,4, 23 y 10,4 para cada tiempo muestreado. Se observaron incrementos significativos con respecto al tiempo basal y 30 días pos ejercicio cuando los animales alcanzaron la máxima velocidad y al finalizar el ejercicio (p< 0,05). Se observó una alta correlación entre el consumo de oxígeno y células con daño (R= 0,905), así como con el índice de daño (R= 0,935). Estos resultados sugieren que los factores inductores de daño genotóxico se producen mayoritariamente durante el esfuerzo físico y que probablemente se deban a radicales libres del oxígeno.

(Un)Coupled thrust belt-foreland deformation in the northern Patagonian Andes: New insights from the Esquel-Gastre sector (41°30′–43°S) Savignano, E.; Mazzoli, S.; Arce, Luis Martin; Franchini, Marta Beatriz; Gautheron, C.; Paolini, M.; Zattin, M. The Patagonian Andes represents a unique natural laboratory to study surface deformation in relation to deep slab dynamics. In the sector comprised between latitudes 41°30′ and 43°S, new apatite (U-Th)/He ages indicate a markedly different unroofing pattern between the “broken foreland” area (characterized by Late Cretaceous to Paleogene exhumation) and the adjacent Andean sector to the west, which is dominated by Miocene-Pliocene exhumation. These unroofing stages can be confidently ascribed to inversion tectonics involving reverse fault-related uplift and concomitant erosion. Late Cretaceous-Paleogene shortening and exhumation are well known to have affected also the thrust belt sector of the study area during a prolonged stage of flat-slab subduction. Therefore, the different ages of near-surface unroofing documented in this study suggest coupling of the deformation between the thrust belt and its foreland during periods of flat-slab subduction (e.g., during Late Cretaceous-Paleogene times) and dominant uncoupling during periods of steep-slab subduction and rollback, even when these are associated with high convergence rates (i.e., > 4 cm/yr), as those documented in Miocene times for the Patagonian Andes.

Tentativas sobre Mariátegui y la literatura mundial Bergel, Martin En diálogo con las perspectivas que han renovado el debate sobre la noción de "literatura mundial", este ensayo postula que desde su asiento en Lima el peruano José Carlos Mariátegui obró como una figura que participó activamente de la economía de intercambios culturales y literarios globales que en el mundo de entreguerras daba cuerpo a una esfera global transcultural. El artículo busca establecer que aún en el texto consagrado a la literatura peruana en su libro Siete Ensayos, Mariátegui la piensa en relación inescindible con el movimiento intelectual y estético contemporáneo. Pero es sobre todo en sus artículos breves sobre textos literarios de países como Rusia, Italia o Estados Unidos donde la vocación cultural cosmopolita de Mariátegui queda en evidencia, en un gesto que se propone construir un vínculo pedagógico con sus lectores de la prensa periódica para la que escribe continuamente.

Competition between two high-density assemblies of poly(phenyl)thiols on Au(111) Peiretti, Leonardo Federico; Quaino, Paola Monica; Tielens, Frederik The interaction between aromatic thiols and the Au(111) surface was investigated using periodic density functional theory (DFT). Different self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) organizations were investigated, namely with different surface reconstructions (flat unreconstructed Au(111) and adatom Au(111) surface). DFT energetics on geometrically optimized SAMs and electronic analysis by means of projected density of states and the crystal orbital Hamilton population method were used to interpret the differences in the adsorption properties. It was found that the adsorption energy difference between the arylthiol chains adsorbed in T-shaped SAMs and adsorbed on flat unreconstructed Au(111) diminishes from long aryl thiols (tpt) to the short ones (dpt and mpt), indicating that the unreconstructed surface becomes more competitive energetically for short-chain arylthiols (dpt and mpt). Moreover, the nature of the Au-S bond was found to be independent of the chain size. This leads us to conclude that the reconstruction, if any, is only dependent on the side-chain interactions.

Eficiencia térmica en edificios: olvidando lo más importante Gonzalez, Alejandro Daniel El clima en la zona cordillerana patagónica es uno de los más fríos del país. Bariloche tiene una temperatura media anual de 8 ºC, y Esquel 8,6 ºC; son lugares similares en exigencia climática. No obstante, resulta importante no confundir exigencia climática con necesidad de calefacción, ya que entre una y otra se encuentra la envolvente dela casa. Cuanto mayor sea la calidad térmica, menor será la necesidad de calefacción, y entonces menor el consumo de combustible. El clima por sí mismo no define la necesidad de energía en calefacción, sino que la combinación de clima y calidad térmica determinan los consumos para el nivel de confort deseado.

Fate and agricultural consequences of leachable elements added to the environment from the 2011 Cordón Caulle tephra fall Stewart, Carol; Craig, Heather M.; Gaw, Sally; Wilson, Thomas; Villarosa, Gustavo; Outes, Ana Valeria; Cronin, Shane; Oze, Christopher The June 2011 eruption of Cordón Caulle volcano, Chile, dispersed tephra over ~ 350,000 km2, including productive agricultural land. This resulted in the death of nearly one million livestock. Two distinct environments were affected: a proximal temperate Andean setting, and the semi-arid Argentine steppe farther from the volcano. The purpose of this study was to better understand the fate and agricultural consequences of leachable elements added to the environment by this large silicic tephra fall. Tephra, soil and surface water samples across the depositional area were collected both immediately after the eruption (tephra and water) and nine months afterwards (tephra, soil and water). Tephra samples were analysed following a new hazard assessment protocol developed by the International Volcanic Health Hazard Network (IVHHN). Water-extractable element concentrations in freshly-collected tephra were very low to low compared to other eruptions, and showed no trends with distance from the volcano. Surface water analyses suggested short-term changes to water composition due to the release of elements from tephra. No effect on the fertility of soils underlying tephra was apparent after nine months. Water-extractable fluorine (F) in freshly-collected tephra ranged from 12 to 167 mg/kg, with a median value of 67 mg/kg. Based on parallels with the 11–12 October 1995 eruption of Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand, we conclude that F toxicity was a possible contributing factor to the large-scale livestock deaths as well as to chronic fluorosis widely reported in wild deer populations across the Cordón Caulle tephra depositional area. Finally, we recommend that effective response to widespread tephra fall over agricultural areas should include: (1) rapid, statistically representative field sampling of tephra, soils, surface water supplies and forage crops; (2) analysis using appropriate and reliable laboratory methods; (3) modelling both short and long-term impacts on the ecosystem, especially for elements that may generate chronic hazard; (4) timely dissemination of results to agricultural agencies; (5) longitudinal sampling and monitoring to adapt impact models; and (6) developing reliable animal fatality diagnoses through autopsies and chemical analysis.

Las paradojas del Estado penal: ¿A quién y cómo castigar? Reflexiones sobre la construcción de subjetividades punibles desde una perspectiva neoliberal; Paradoxes of Penal State: Who and how to punish? Reflexions about the construction of punishable subjectivities from a neo-liberal perspective Manchado, Mauricio Carlos El presente artículo se propone reflexionar sobre la construcción de subjetividades punibles desde una grilla de intelegibilidad neo-liberal. Allí donde el delito se define sólo como una acción en la que se invierte evaluando pérdidas y ganancias ¿cuáles son las condiciones que definen a una subjetividad como punible para el Estado? El entramado de subjetividades punibles se construye en la interacción de prácticas y discursos científicos, mediáticos y penitenciarios que ubican al delincuente como responsable y victimario de sí-mismo, como sujeto a-condicionado en términos socio-económicos, políticos y culturales, pero al mismo tiempo como subjetividad irresponsable de si-misma a la que hay que corregir.; This paper propose to reflect on the construction of punishable subjectivities from a neo- liberal grid of intelligibility. If the crime is defined only as an action in which the subject reversed evaluating profit and loss which are the conditions that define subjectivity as punishable to the State? The framework of punishable subjectivities its constructed in the interaction of practical and scientific , media and prison discourses that considers the offender as responsible and victimizer of self, as a under- conditioned subject in socio- economic, political and cultural terms, but at the same time as irresponsible subjectivity itself which must be corrected.

Estudio numérico de las vibraciones inducidas por el tráfico en estructuras y alternativas para su mitigación Quinteros, Ricardo Daniel; Oller, Sergio; Nallim, Liz El efecto de las vibraciones del tráfico sobre los edificios es de especial interés ya que las fuentes de vibración se han multiplicado y se han convertido en una preocupación para los residentes de edificios modernos así como para aquellos que trabajan, visitan o desean preservar edificios históricos. Los problemas de las vibraciones inducidas por el tráfico sobre edificios históricos, tienen su origen en características tales como, el deterioro de las calzadas, la concentración de rutas de transporte público en calles adyacentes, etc. El efecto de estas vibraciones ha sido objeto de estudio en los últimos años, estando los trabajos referidos especialmente a determinaciones experimentales, cuyos resultados pueden ser utilizados para evaluar si las mediciones obtenidas se encuentran dentro de valores aceptados por alguna normativa. Estos resultados también pueden utilizarse para calibrar modelos numéricos globales que permitan determinar la influencia de las vibraciones y luego analizar medidas de atenuación. En este trabajo se propone un modelo global de elementos finitos que permite abordar el tratamiento de las vibraciones inducidas por el tráfico en estructuras y analizar diferentes alternativas de solución acordes al lugar de emplazamiento. El modelo global abarca el edificio en estudio, el terreno y las construcciones circundantes, de esta manera se logra tener resultados orientativos del conjunto incluyendo sus condiciones de contorno. Las acciones ocasionadas por el tráfico se establecen a través de impulsos que definen los estados de carga que se aplica al modelo. Finalmente se plantean diferentes alternativas que permiten analizar las opciones para mitigar el efecto de las vibraciones generadas.

Facing predation risk in aquatic systems: Differential response of zooplankton and habituation to the false alarm Gutierrez, Marìa Florencia; Andrade, Victoria Soledad; Fantón, Noelia Isabel; Gagneten, Ana María In aquatic systems, physical and chemical alarm signals favor early detection of predators and promote the development of antipredation behaviors in prey. However, further studies are needed to understand how different antipredation behavior could be among different species coexisting in a natural assembly. In this study, we conducted an indoor experiment with a zooplankton assemblage from a natural subtropical system to experimentally analyze their evasion behavior when exposed to an enclosed visual predator. We aimed to assess whether such behavior was different depending on the species within the assemblage and if they habituate to the alarm signals released by the predator after a certain period of time without receiving any real attack. Ostracods, cladocerans and copepod nauplii evaded the predator, but differed in the magnitude of the response as well as in the response time. However, the evasion behavior was not maintained through time and most organisms returned to an even distribution as time passed, suggesting that zooplankters may habituate to alarm signals. Adult copepods and copepodites (here analyzed together) did not evade fish and showed an almost homogeneous distribution over time. Rotifers moved over time, independently of fish presence. Differential responses to the same alarm signals may contribute to determining the spatial distribution of zooplankton in natural aquatic ecosystems.

Reconstrucción narrativa de Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo en el contexto del kirchnerismo : un análisis de La historia de Abuelas : 30 años de búsqueda; Narrative reconstruction of Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo in the context of Kirchner. Analysis of The History of Abuelas. 30 Years of Searching Quintana, María Marta En este artículo se analizan algunos aspectos de La historia de Abuelas. 30 años de búsqueda (HA), texto publicado en 2007 por Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (APM) con motivo de su trigésimo aniversario. Se trata de una publicación que consolida una memoria institucional, mediante la cual APM irrumpe en la escena pública como un organismo consagrado. Desde nuestra perspectiva, esto no sólo se vincula con la larga trayectoria de lucha de la organización, sino, más fundamentalmente, con el contexto de enunciación. En este sentido, tomando distancia crítica de las tesis que afirman una relación de cooptación entre el kirchnerismo y algunos de los organismos de derechos humanos, entre ellos APM, suponemos que el proceso político iniciado con la presidencia de Néstor Kirchner produjo nuevas condiciones de audibilidad para las víctimas y protagonistas del pasado reciente; y que, asimismo, en ese contexto, dichos organismos dieron cuenta –una vez más- de su capacidad de resignificación discursiva. Por consiguiente, en este trabajo interesa mostrar cómo esa resignificación se plasma en el libro de Abuelas, por un lado, mediante la configuración de un nuevo ethos discursivo de la Asociación; y, por el otro, a través de la construcción de una secuencia narrativa en la que kirchnerismo y derechos humanos devienen nombres contiguos de una misma causa democrática.; This article discusses some aspects of La historia de Abuelas. 30 años de búsqueda (The History of Abuelas. 30 Years of Searching) (HA), book published in 2007 by Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (APM) on the occasion of its thirtieth anniversary. For it is a publication that consolidates an institutional memory, and through which APM burst into the public arena as a recognized organization. From our perspective, this is not only linked with its long history of struggle but, more fundamentally, with the context of enunciation. In this sense, taking critical distance from the thesis that asserts a relationship of cooptation between Kirchner and some human rights organizations, including APM, we assume that the political process initiated under President Nestor Kirchner, produced new conditions of audibility for victims and protagonists of the recent past; and also, in this context, the organizations realized, once again, its ability to discursive resignification. Therefore, in this place we want to show how this redefinition is reflected in the HA, on the one hand, by setting a new discursive ethos of the Association; and, on the other, through the construction of a narrative sequence by which kirchnerismo human rights and become contiguous names same democratic cause.

Structure, Functionality, and Active Release of Nanoclay–Soy Protein Films Affected by Clove Essential Oil Echeverría, Ignacio; López Caballero, M. Elvira; Gómez Guillén, M. Carmen; Mauri, Adriana Noemi; Montero, M. Pilar Nowadays, there is a pronounced interest in the potential use of biopolymer/layered silicate systems as active food packaging. This manuscript studied the effect of clove essential oil addition to soy protein–montmorillonite (MMT) films on the material’s structure, functionality, and active release. Active nanocomposite films were prepared by casting from aqueous dispersions containing soy protein isolates (SPI), glycerol, different concentrations of MMT and clove essential oil. Besides the important antioxidants and antimicrobial properties provided to nanocomposite films, the addition of clove essential oil exerted a plasticizing effect, which was verified in a decrease in the tensile strength and elastic modulus (up to 50 and 75 %, respectively) and an increase of the water content of films (up to 20 %). But the nanoclay caused a further strengthening effect in films containing CEO. While nanocomposite films containing 10 g MMT/100 g SPI reached an increase of 105 and 200 % in tensile strength and Young’s modulus, respectively, and a decrease of 340 % in their elongation at break, those that also contained CEO reached higher variations (230, 345, and 290 %, respectively). Clove essential oil presence also favored the exfoliation of montmorillonite into the soy protein matrix, while the nanoclay seemed to promote the release of active compounds, occasionally modifying the antimicrobial activity of films as well as the release of some of its Si and Al ions after being in contact with water (at least twice).

Starch-based films and food coatings: An overview Versino, Florencia; Lopez, Olivia Valeria; Garcia, Maria Alejandra; Zaritzky, Noemi Elisabet Native and modified starches have received considerable attention for biodegradable films formulation due to their completely biodegradable nature, edible characteristics, and low cost. Development and characterization of starch films obtained by: (i) casting, (ii) blown extrusion and (iii) the thermo-compression moulding process are described. The rheological properties of filmogenic suspensions, the barrier properties, and the mechanical resistance of the obtained films are reported. Addition of specific additives to the formulations modifies the film functionality transforming them into active materials. Diffusion of antimicrobial agents such as potassium sorbate from the active starch film, as well as their efficacy in dairy products is discussed. Likewise, reinforcing agents lead to composite materials with improved mechanical resistance. Starch-based materials show higher permeability to carbon dioxide than to oxygen, which is useful to control the respiration rate of fruits and vegetables. The application of active starch-based coatings to strawberries and Brussels sprouts in order to prolong their refrigerated storage life is analyzed. A detailed overview on the formulation and performance of starch-based films employing industrial and lab-scale methods, as well as the application of starch coatings to improve food quality is presented, with the aim of analyzing the possibility of development and application of such materials.

Land use intensification in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina: Diversifying crop sequences to increase yields and resource use Andrade, José Francisco; Poggio, Santiago Luis; Ermacora, Matías; Satorre, Emilio Horacio Increasing and maintaining high productivity levels presents a major challenge facing farmers today and will continue into the near future. More integrative and complex approaches to decision-making, besides adopting new technologies, are necessary for redesigning more productive, stable, and sustainable farming systems. Thus, novel crop sequences should be implemented to improve these properties of farming systems. The aim of our research was to characterize how different preceding crops that open recurrent sequences will impact on the productivity and resource use of the following crops, in order to determine the possibilities of increasing the frequency of double crops in rotations. Three field experiments were conducted under rainfed conditions at three sites in the Rolling Pampas of Argentina. The effects of seven cropping systems on the productivity of succeeding crops were evaluated at each location. The seven cropping systems included five double crops (rapeseed/soybean, wheat/soybean, barley/soybean, field pea/soybean, and field pea/maize) and two single crops (maize and soybean). The seven cropping systems were followed by the same crop sequence: wheat/soybean double crop and maize single crop in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. Radiation use and grain yield, water use and nitrogen uptake were evaluated for each crop in the sequence. Results indicate that repeating cereal crops in the cropping sequence reduces their productivities, while well balanced sequences that include legumes resulted in the highest productivities of cereal crops. Our findings highlight that diversifying cropping systems by adopting different double crops are practical options that can contribute to a more sustainable intensification of cropping systems specialized for grain crops. Increasing crop diversity in sequence influenced nitrogen uptake, among other factors, and may explain the enhanced crop yield in such systems. Our research highlights that crop diversification is critical in designing efficient and sustainable intensified crop sequences.

Perception of stroke symptoms and utilization of emergency medical services; Percepción de los síntomas del accidente cerebrovascular y utilización de los servicios de emergencias médicos Hawkes, Maximiliano A.; Farez, Mauricio Franco; Calandri, Ismael L.; Ameriso, Sebastián F. La falta de reconocimiento de los síntomas del accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y la lenta activación de los servicios de emergencias médicos (SEM) son causas frecuentes de demoras en el arribo hospitalario. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar ambas variables en nuestra población. Métodos Revisión de registros hospitalarios y entrevista telefónica estructurada de 100 pacientes consecutivos internados por ACV. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante un modelo de regresión logística multivariada por pasos. Resultados Setenta pacientes (75%) arribaron al hospital luego de 4.5 horas del comienzo de los síntomas. El uso de los SEM no mejoró los tiempos de arribo al hospital (p < 0.02). Inicialmente, 19 pacientes (20%) recibieron un diagnóstico erróneo. Dieciocho de ellos fueron evaluados por médicos no neurólogos. (p < 0.001). Conclusiones El reconocimiento de los síntomas de ACV en nuestra población fue bajo. El uso de los SEM no mejoró los tiempos de arribo hospitalario y la no utilización de los mismos se asoció con el correcto reconocimiento de los síntomas por parte de los pacientes. La proporción de diagnósticos erróneos fue preocupante, fundamentalmente entre médicos no neurólogos.; Lack of stroke awareness and slow activation of emergency medical services (EMS) are frequently reported reasons for delayed arrival to the hospital. We evaluated these variables in our population. Methods: Review of hospital records and structured telephone interviews of 100 consecutive stroke patients. Forward stepwise logistic regression was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Seventy patients (75%) arrived at the hospital 4.5 hours after stroke symptoms onset. The use of EMS did not improve arrival times. Most patients who recognized their symptoms did not use EMS (p < 0.02). Nineteen patients (20%) were initially misdiagnosed. Eighteen of them were first assessed by non-neurologist physicians (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our population showed a low level of stroke awareness. The use of EMS did not improve arrival times at the hospital and the non-utilization of the EMS was associated with the recognition of stroke symptoms. There was a concerning rate of misdiagnosis, mostly by non-neurologist medical providers.

Hepatic carboxylesterase 3 (Ces3/Tgh) is downregulated in the early stages of liver cancer development in the rat Quiroga, Ariel Dario; Ceballos, María P.; Parody, Juan Pablo; Comanzo, Carla Gabriela; Lorenzetti, Florencia; Pisani, Gerardo Daniel; Ronco, Maria Teresa; Alvarez, María de Luján; Carrillo, Maria Cristina It is accepted that cancer development is associated with metabolic changes. Previously, we established a model of hepatic preneoplasia in which adult rats were subjected to a 2-phase model of hepatocarcinogenesis (initiated-promoted, IP) for 6 weeks until they develop altered hepatic foci (AHF). Here, we found that a whole metabolic shift occurs in order to favor cancer development. IP animals presented with increased plasma lipids due to increased VLDL secretion as well as increased liver lipid accretion due to stimulated transacetylase activity rather than lipogenesis, compared to control rats. We found that carboxylesterase 3/triacylglycerol hydrolase (Ces3/Tgh) presented with a perilobular distribution surrounding lipid droplets in normal livers. However, it is downregulated both at the protein and mRNA level in liver homogenates and is almost undetectable inside the AHF with no changes in the surrounding tissue. Ces3/Tgh expression is regulated by ω-3 fatty acids, thus, supplementation of diet with fish oil, allowed the restoration of Ces3/Tgh expression inside the foci and, more interestingly, led to the decrease in number and volume of the AHF. These studies show a preventive role of Ces3/Tgh in liver cancer development.

Closely-related Xanthomonas citri subsp. Citri isolates trigger distinct histological and transcriptional responses in Citrus limon Orce, Ingrid Georgina; Debes, Mario Alberto; Sendín, Lorena Noelia; Luque, Ana; Arias, Marta; Vojnov, Adrián Alberto; Marano, María Rosa; Castagnaro, Atilio Pedro; Filippone, María Paula Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), has an important economic impact on the citrus industry. Extensive information is available about the disease but, nevertheless, the study of plant-pathogen interactions could provide new information in the un­derstanding of citrus canker disease. A new isolate has been identified, Xcc AT, which has a high genetic similarity (> 90 %) to the virulent Xcc T strain based on genetic clustering analyses of the rep-PCR fingerprinting patterns, but it does not produce cankerous lesions in Citrus limon. In this study, we compared C. limon responses to Xcc AT and to the virulent Xcc T strain at both histological and transcriptional levels. Histologically, leaves inoculated with Xcc AT exhibited neither a typical disordering of the spongy mesophyll, nor a swelling of epidermis. A particular content (undetermined) was also found in mesophyll cells near the stomata, together with increased starch accumulation. The transcriptomic profiles were compared by cDNA-AFLP technique. A total of 121 fragments derived from transcript (TDF) were either specifically induced or repressed by the isolates, and 62 were sequenced. Analysis of global expression identified different classes of genes known to be involved in plant-pathogen interactions. This study constitutes the first approach of the specific interaction between the avirulent Xcc AT isolate and C. limon.