Species at Risk (SPEAR) index indicates effects of insecticides on stream invertebrate communities in soy production regions of the Argentine Pampas Hunt, Lisa; Bonetto, Carlos Alberto; Marrochi, María Natalia; Scalise, Ana Maria; Fanelli, Silvia Laura; Liess, M.; Lydy, Michael J.; Chiu, M. C.; Resh, Vincent H. We investigated relationships among insecticides and aquatic invertebrate communities in 22 streams of two soy production regions of the Argentine Pampas over three growing seasons. Chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin were the insecticides most frequently detected in stream sediments. The Species at Risk (SPEAR) pesticide bioassessment index (SPEARpesticides) was adapted and applied to evaluate relationships between sediment insecticide toxic units (TUs) and invertebrate communities associated with both benthic habitats and emergent vegetation habitats. SPEARpesticides was the only response metric that was significantly correlated with total insecticide TU values for all three averaged data sets, consistently showing a trend of decreasing values with increasing TU values (r2 = 0.35 to 0.42, p-value = 0.001 to 0.03). Although pyrethroids were the insecticides that contributed the highest TU values, toxicity calculated based on all insecticides was better at predicting changes in invertebrate communities than toxicity of pyrethroids alone. Crustaceans, particularly the amphipod Hyalella spp., which are relatively sensitive to pesticides, played a large role in the performance of SPEARpesticides, and the relative abundance of all crustaceans also showed a significant decreasing trend with increasing insecticide TUs for two of three data sets (r2 = 0.30 to 0.57, p-value = 0.003 to 0.04) examined. For all data sets, total insecticide TU was the most important variable in explaining variance in the SPEARpesticides index. The present study was the first application of the SPEAR index in South America, and the first one to use it to evaluate effects of pesticides on invertebrate communities associated with aquatic vegetation. Although the SPEAR index was developed in Europe, it performed well in the Argentine Pampas with only minor modifications, and would likely improve in performance as more data are obtained on traits of South American taxa, such as pesticide sensitivity and generation time.

Shared territorial defence in the suboscine Aphrastura spinicauda Ippi, Silvina Graciela; Dongen, Walter van; Lazzoni, I.; Vasquez, Rodrigo A. Territorial behaviour is an active and typically aggressive behaviour used to defend resources. Here, we investigated the presence of shared territorial defence behaviour during conspecific intrusions in the Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda), a suboscine species that generally does not maintain long-term pair bonds. We found that, compared to females, males displayed more alarm calling during their response, approached closer and were also more physically aggressive towards conspecific intruders. Despite these differences, the defence behaviour ofmales and females was highly correlated during territorial responses to simulated intruders. To our knowledge, this is the first report of coordinated or joint territorial defence in a South American suboscine that generally only maintains short-term pair bonds.

Metals as chemical tracers to discriminate ecological populations of threatened Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) from Argentina Romero, María Belén; Polizzi, Paula Sabrina; Chiodi Boudet, Leila Natalia; Robles, Alicia Daniela; Das, Kalyan; Gerpe, Marcela Silvia Franciscana dolphins are the most impacted small cetacean in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, classified as Vulnerable A3d by IUCN. Essential (Fe, Mo, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co) and non-essential (Ag, Pb, Sn) trace elements (TEs) were measured in liver, kidney, and brain samples of by-catch Franciscana dolphins that were living in estuarine (n = 21) and marine (n = 21) habitats (1) to assess whether TEs posed a threat and (2) to evaluate the suitability of TEs for discriminating ecological populations of this species in Argentinean waters. Essential TEs showed little variation in tissues from both groups in agreement with levels reported for other cetaceans and suggesting that these concentrations correspond to normal physiological levels. Non-essential TEs were higher in estuarine juveniles and adults dolphins than in marine specimens. These results suggest anthropogenic sources associated with estuarine area and that Franciscana dolphins are good sentinels of the impact of the environment. The difference in the concentrations of TEs beetwen ecological populations appeared to be related to distinct exposures in both geographical areas, and it is suggested that Ag and Sn concentrations in adults are good chemical tracers of anthropogenic input of TEs. These results provide additional information for improved management and regulatory policy.

Celpe-Bras y el libro didáctico de Portugués Lengua Extranjera Ariet, Andrea; Martins, María Elisa; Olavarriaga, Martín El Certificado de Língua Portuguesa para Estrangeiros (Celpe-Bras) representa un examen de proficiencia considerado de alto impacto ya que los resultados tienen un correlato con decisiones que interfieren en la vida de muchos individuos. Poder ejercer la profesión de médico en territorio brasileño siendo extranjero, cursar ciertas carreras de posgrado stricto senso en universidades brasileñas, ingresar a la carrera diplomática, etc.; son algunas de las acciones que dependen del resultado del Celpe-Bras. El crecimiento exponencial de candidatos, cuyo número superó los 10 mil en 2015, lo ubica en el centro de cualquier programa y planificación de la enseñanza formal de portugués como lengua extranjera. En este contexto, la elección del material didáctico merece un interés especial puesto que los libros de enseñanza de portugués son escasos y anteriores o contemporáneos al surgimiento del Celpe-Bras. Este trabajo secentrará en el análisis de los libros Avenida Brasil (LIMA, 1991) y Bem-vindo: a língua portuguesa no mundo da comunicação (PONCE et al, 1997), teniendo en cuenta el constructo del Celpe-Bras.

Comparison between the continuum threshold and the Polyakov loop as deconfinement order parameters Carlomagno, Juan Pablo; Loewe, Marcelo We study the relation between the continuum threshold s0 within finite energy sum rules and the trace of the Polyakov loop Φ in the framework of a nonlocal SU(2) chiral quark model, establishing a contact between both deconfinement order parameters at finite temperature T and chemical potential μ. In our analysis, we also include the order parameter for the chiral symmetry restoration, the chiral quark condensate. We found that s0 and Φ provide us with the same information for the deconfinement transition, both for the zero and finite chemical potential cases. At zero density, the critical temperatures for both quantities coincide exactly and, at finite μ both order parameters provide evidence for the appearance of a quarkyonic phase.

An inside look at the sensory biology of triatomines Barrozo, Romina; Reisenman, Carolina Esther; Guerenstein, Pablo Gustavo; Lazzari, Claudio Ricardo; Lorenzo, Marcelo Gustavo Although kissing bugs (Triatominae: Reduviidae) are perhaps best known as vectors of Chagas disease, they are important experimental models in studies of insect sensory physiology, pioneered by the seminal studies of Wigglesworth and Gillet more than eighty years ago. Since then, many investigations have revealed that the thermal, hygric, visual and olfactory senses play critical roles in the orientation of these blood-sucking insects towards hosts. Here we review the current knowledge about the role of these sensory systems, focussing on relevant stimuli, sensory structures, receptor physiology and the molecular players involved in the complex and cryptic behavioural repertoire of these nocturnal insects. Odours are particularly relevant, as they are involved in host search and are used for sexual, aggregation and alarm communication. Tastants are critical for a proper recognition of hosts, food and conspecifics. Heat and relative humidity mediate orientation towards hosts and are also important for the selection of resting places. Vision, which mediates negative phototaxis and flight dispersion, is also critical for modulating shelter use and mediating escape responses. The molecular bases underlying the detection of sensory stimuli started to be uncovered by means of functional genetics due to both the recent publication of the genome sequence of Rhodnius prolixus and the availability of modern genome editing techniques.

Adsorption dynamics of molecular nitrogen at an Fe(111) surface Nosir, M. A.; Martin Gondre, L.; Bocan, Gisela Anahí; Díez Muiño, R. We present an extensive theoretical study of N2 adsorption mechanisms on an Fe(111) surface. We combine the static analysis of a six-dimensional potential energy surface (6D-PES), based on ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the system, with quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations to simulate the adsorption dynamics. There are four molecular adsorption states, usually called γ, δ, α, and ε, arising from our DFT calculations. We find that N2 adsorption in the γ-state is non-activated, while the threshold energy is associated with the entrance channel for the other three adsorption states. Our QCT calculations confirm that there are activated and nonactivated paths for the adsorption of N2 on the Fe(111) surface, which is in agreement with previous experimental investigations. Molecular dynamics at a surface temperature Ts = 300 K and impact energies Ei in the 0-5 eV range show the relative occupancy of the γ, δ, α, and ε states. The δ-state, however, is only marginally populated despite its adsorption energy being very similar to that of the γ-state. Our QCT calculations trace the dependence of molecular trapping on the surface temperature Ts and initial impact energy Ei and quantify the rates of the different competitive channels that eventually lead to molecular adsorption.

Hydriding kinetics of Mg[sbnd]TiH2 fine dispersions obtained by mechanosynthesis Biasetti, Andrés Tobías; Meyer, Marcos; Mendoza Zélis, Luis Alejandro Mg80[sbnd]Ti20 hydride systems were prepared via reactive ball milling following two different procedures: grinding Mg with Ti or TiH2, in both cases under H2 atmosphere. Such systems were subjected to several cycles of hydrogen uptake and release in volumetric Sieverts apparatus under different pressure and temperature conditions. A structural characterization from SEM images and XRD patterns reveals no essential microstructural differences between the samples obtained by different routes, although a growth in domain size with temperature is observed. Also, the slowing of the kinetics when the temperature goes down is more pronounced in the specimen fabricated by the second route. The influence of the transformed and untransformed phase fractions on the absorption kinetics can be well described using a double Hill function. Such complex function takes into account two distinguishable processes, with and without nucleation, that differentiate themselves as temperature increases. The first one may be related to surface absorption and the second tentatively ascribed to reactions at grain boundaries, dislocations and other extended defects. The fitted values may then be associated to physical constants of the processes occurring during hydrogen absorption in both regions.

Marcadores de formación y resorción ósea y su utilidad para determinar el final del periodo de aposición ósea; Bone formation and resorption markers to evaluate the end of bone apposition Seijo, Mariana; Oliveri, María Beatriz; Deferrari, Juan Mariano; Casco, Cristina; Zeni, Susana Noemi El pico de masa ósea (PMO) se alcanza entre los 20 y 35 años, pero la aposición ósea continúa hasta alcanzar el pico de fortaleza ósea (PFO). Se crea así una ventana entre ambos picos que podría ser evaluada mediante marcadores bioquímicos de recambio óseo, ya que durante dicho período la densidad mineral permanece constante. El objetivo fue determinar el final de la aposición ósea mediante marcadores bioquímicos óseos. Se evaluaron por décadas entre 20 y 49 años de edad 139 sujetos sanos de ambos sexos (69 hombres y 70 mujeres), determinando fosfatasa alcalina ósea (FAO), osteocalcina (OC), propéptido amino terminal del colágeno tipo 1 (P1NP) y telopéptido C-terminal del colágeno tipo 1 (CTX). Los marcadores correlacionan negativamente con la edad (OC: r= -0,3; p<0,01; P1NP: r= -0,4; p< 0,01 y CTX: r= -0,4; p< 0,01), exceptuando FAO. En hombres de 20-29 años, P1NP y el CTX fueron significativamente mayores vs. 30-39 años (p<0,05 y p<0,001, respectivamente), y entre 30-39 años vs. de 40-49 años en P1NP y CTX (p<0,05; p<0,001, respectivamente). En mujeres de 20-29 años, P1NP y CTX fueron significativamente mayores vs. 30-39 años (p<0,0001 y p<0,01, respectivamente). Conclusión: los marcadores de remodelado óseo más sensibles y específicos permitirían determinar bioquímicamente el fin de la aposición ósea que se produce entre el PMO y el PFO. Si bien es necesario ampliar el número de sujetos evaluados, los datos que surgen de la presente investigación sentarían las bases para futuros estudios epidemiológicos referidos al fin de la aposición ósea.; Peak bone mass is achieved between 20- 35 years; however bone apposition continues to reach an optimal skeleton strength. The window between peak bone mass and peak bone apposition may be evaluated by biochemical bone turnover markers. The objective of this study was to determine the end of bone apposition through biochemical bone markers in both sexes. A total of 139 subjects (69 men and 70 women) were divided by decades between 20 and 49 years of age. Bone alkaline phosphatase (BAL), osteocalcin (OC), type I collagen propeptide (P1NP) and type I collagen C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) were evaluated. Except BAL, the other bone markers negatively correlated with the age [OC (r= -0.3; p<0.01); P1NP (r= -0.4; p<0.01) and CTX (r= -0.4; p<0.01)]. Regarding men aged 20 to 29 years, P1NP and CTX were significantly higher vs. 30-39 years (p<0.05 y p<0.001, respectively) and. vs. 40-49 years (p<0.05; p<0.001, respectively). In women, the results were similar. Regarding 20-29 years, P1NP and CTX were higher vs. 30-39 years (p<0.001 y p<0.01, respectively). Bone remodeling rate decreases after the third decade, suggesting the end of the apposition period of peak bone mass. Conclusion: The most specific and sensitive bone markers would biochemically determine the end of bone apposition that extends between the peak of bone mass and the peak of bone strength. Although it is necessary to increase the number of subjects evaluated, the data that emerge from the present study would establish the bases for future epidemiological studies referring to the end of bone apposition.

Conformational diversity analysis reveals three functional mechanisms in proteins Monzón, Alexander; Zea, Diego Javier; Fornasari, Maria Silvina; Saldaño, Tadeo Enrique; Fernández Alberti, Sebastián; Tosatto, Silvio C. E.; Parisi, Gustavo Daniel Protein motions are a key feature to understand biological function. Recently, a large-scale analysis of protein conformational diversity showed a positively skewed distribution with a peak at 0.5 Å C-alpha root-mean-square-deviation (RMSD). To understand this distribution in terms of structure-function relationships, we studied a well curated and large dataset of ~5,000 proteins with experimentally determined conformational diversity. We searched for global behaviour patterns studying how structure-based features change among the available conformer population for each protein. This procedure allowed us to describe the RMSD distribution in terms of three main protein classes sharing given properties. The largest of these protein subsets (~60%), which we call "rigid" (average RMSD = 0.83 Å), has no disordered regions, shows low conformational diversity, the largest tunnels and smaller and buried cavities. The two additional subsets contain disordered regions, but with differential sequence composition and behaviour. Partially disordered proteins have on average 67% of their conformers with disordered regions, average RMSD = 1.1 Å, the highest number of hinges and the longest disordered regions. In contrast, malleable proteins have on average only 25% of disordered conformers and average RMSD = 1.3 Å, flexible cavities affected in size by the presence of disordered regions and show the highest diversity of cognate ligands. Proteins in each set are mostly non-homologous to each other, share no given fold class, nor functional similarity but do share features derived from their conformer population. These shared features could represent conformational mechanisms related with biological functions.

Optimum PR Control applied to LCL filters with Low Resonance Frequency Fantino, Roberto Armin; Busada, Claudio; Solsona, Jorge Alberto A control strategy for LCL Grid-connected voltage source inverters is proposed. Using the injected grid current measurement exclusively, the proposal allows the use of the proportional plus resonant regulator (PR) optimum design, regardless of the filter resonance frequency. Simulation and experimental results that demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposal for different LCL filter resonance frequency values are presented. Also its superiority compared to a control methodrecently proposed in the literature is shown.

NiNbO Catalyst Deposited on Anodized Aluminum Monoliths for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane Santander, José Anibal; Boldrini, Diego Emmanuel; Pedernera, Marisa Noemi; Tonetto, Gabriela Marta Aluminum monoliths were used as substrates to prepare structured catalysts. A rough alumina layer was generated on the surface of the substrates by anodizing followed by hydrothermal treatments. The dip-coating technique was used for coating the monolithic substrates. Aqueous suspensions with 0.15 and 0.30 g/g of Ni-Nb mixed oxides catalysts were prepared for that purpose. Colloidal SiO2 was added as a binder in order to obtain homogeneous and adherent coatings. The samples were characterized by SEM, TPR, XPS, XRD, and N2 adsorption and tested in the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane to ethylene. The silica particles produced a drop in catalytic activity without affecting ethylene selectivity. The former effect was attributed mainly to a decrease in surface nickel concentration and an increase in reduction temperature. The presence of anodized aluminum substrates in the reaction environment did not have a significant influence on catalytic activity and product distribution, as observed for the coated monoliths used in this work, thus being a useful material to prepare structured catalysts for low-temperature ethane ODH.

Nest niche overlap among the endangered Vinaceous-breasted Parrot (Amazona vinacea) and sympatric cavity-using birds, mammals, and social insects in the subtropical Atlantic Forest, Argentina Bonaparte, Eugenia Bianca; Cockle, Kristina Louise Many forest bird species require tree cavities for nesting, and share this resource with a diverse community of animals. When cavities are limited, niche overlap can result in interspecific competition, with negative consequences for threatened populations. Vinaceous-breasted Parrots (Amazona vinacea) are endangered cavity nesters endemic to the subtropical Atlantic Forest, where cavities are scarce. We examined nest niche overlap among Vinaceous-breasted Parrots and 9 potential competitors (birds and mammals >140 g, and social insects) in Argentina, considering (1) timing of breeding, (2) characteristics of cavities (depth, entrance diameter, height), trees (diameter at breast height DBH, species, condition), and habitat (surrounding land use, distance to edge), and (3) interspecific cavity reuse. During 10 breeding seasons we studied nests and roosts, measured their characteristics, and monitored cavities to detect reuse. We used multinomial logistic regression to determine whether the 6 most abundant taxa differed in nest and roost site characteristics. Timing of breeding overlapped for all bird species except the White-eyed Parakeet (Psittacara leucophthalmus). No combination of cavity, tree, and habitat characteristics predicted the taxa that utilized cavities. Moreover, 8 of the 10 taxa reused cavities interspecifically. The high level of overlap in realized nest niche, combined with previous evidence that cavities could limit bird density in our study area, suggest the possibility of interspecific competition for cavities among multiple taxa. Although models did not perform well at classifying cavities by taxon, some characteristics of cavities, trees, and habitat were selected more by Vinaceous-breasted Parrots than by other taxa, and we recommend targeting conservation efforts toward cavities and trees with these characteristics (7-40 cm entrance diameter, >10 m high, DBH >55 cm). We found 62% of Vinaceous-breasted Parrot nests on farms (vs. ≤50% for other taxa), highlighting the importance of working with local farmers to conserve cavities in anthropogenic habitats as well as in protected areas.

A mucin-like peptide from Fasciola hepatica instructs dendritic cells with parasite specific Th1-polarizing activity Noya, Verónica; Brossard, Natalie; Rodríguez, Ernesto; Dergan Dylon, Leonardo Sebastian; Carmona, Carlos; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián; Freire, Teresa Fasciolosis is a trematode zoonosis of interest in public health and cattle production. We report here the immunostimulatory effect of a 66 mer mucin-like peptide from Fasciola hepatica (Fhmuc), which synergizes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to promote dendritic cell (DC) maturation, endowing these cells with Th1-polarizing capacity. Exposure of DCs to Fhmuc in presence of LPS induced enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of co-stimulatory molecules by DCs, promoting their T cell stimulatory capacity and selectively augmenting IFN- secretion by allogeneic T cells. Furthermore, exposure of DCs to Fhmuc augmented LPS-induced Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 expression on the cell surface. Finally, Fhmuc-conditioned DCs induced parasite specific-adaptive immunity with increased levels of IFN-gamma secreted by splenocytes from vaccinated animals, and higher parasite-specific IgG antibodies. However, DC-treated Fhmuc conferred modest protection against F. hepatica infection highlighting the potent immuno-regulatory capacity of the parasite. In summary, this work highlights the capacity of a mucin-derived peptide from F. hepatica to enhance LPS-maturation of DCs and induce parasite-specific immune responses with potential implications in vaccination and therapeutic strategies.

Synoptic taxonomy of cortaderia stapf (danthonioideae, poaceae) Testoni, Daniel; Linder, H. Peter Cortaderia (Poaceae; Danthonioideae) is a medium-sized genus of C3 tussock grasses, widespread in the temperate to tropic-alpine regions of South America. It is particularly important in the subalpine and alpine zones of the Andes. We revised the classification of the genus, and recognize 17 species grouped into five informal groups. We describe one new species, Cortaderia echinata H.P.Linder, from Peru. We provide a key to the groups and the species, complete nomenclature for each species including new lectotypes, and notes on the ecology, distribution and diagnostic morphological and anatomical characters.

Análisis espectroscópico de supernovas tipo IIb Pessi, Priscila Jael; Folatelli, Gaston We present a quantitative spectroscopic study of type IIb supernovae (SNe). This type of SNe is distinguishable because their spectra evolve with the phase between one dominated by lines of hydrogen (type II) and one without hydrogen and with strong lines of helium (type Ib). This work is part of a larger study that aims at knowing whether type IIb SNe are a homogeneous group or not. Here we started by obtaining spectroscopic parameters that allow us to characterize SNe IIb. This work is part of the Licentiate thesis of P.J. Pessi.

La delgada frontera entre las normas morales y las convenciones sociales Zavadivker, María Natalia Partiendo de un criterio minimalista de demarcación entre normas morales y normas convencionales (según el cual sólo serían moralmente evaluables aquellas transgresiones que redundan en daños a terceros, mientras que las que no entran en esta categoría serían meras convenciones sociales), me propongo analizar si diferentes clases de convenciones (normas de cortesía, normas de convivencia, tradiciones culturales, etc.) pueden ser objeto de evaluación moral en la medida en que su incumplimiento acarrea algún tipo de perjuicio (aunque más leve e indirecto), para lo cual apelo fundamentalmente a la capacidad simbólica e intención comunicativa de dichas convenciones.

Enriqueta la criolla y La hija de Giacumina: Literatura popular, lenguas mixtas y naturalismo en dos folletos del 80 Ennis, Juan Antonio; Sesnich, Laura Noemí "Enriqueta la criolla" (1886) y "La hija de Giacumina" (1887) son textos pertenecientes a una serie que, justamente debido a su condición precaria y liminar, reviste un especial interés para distintas disciplinas y enfoques. La historia literaria, social, cultural, lingüística, desde distintos abordajes, pueden encontrar en estas páginas un rico material de análisis, aún escasamente investigado. Considerados, desde el momento de su aparición, por fuera de los límites de lo que en ese momento constituía más un objeto de deseo que una institución consolidada "la literatura", los mismos entran solo subsidiariamente en la agenda publicada y conservada por sus contemporáneos, y cuando son mencionados, lo son con esperable desdén. La posteridad tampoco se ocupó de ellos. Pertenecen a una serie iniciada por un texto en extremo célebre entre fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, y prácticamente desaparecido luego para cualquier forma de la tradición, por lo que todo juicio dentro de esa serie no hace más que subrayar la condición fugaz, descartable de sus componentes.

Análisis de la interacción biológica entre los pulgones verde (Schizaphis graminum)y negro de los cereales (sipha maydis) y sus endosimbiontes bacterianos: mecanismo de antibiosis Vicente, María Eugenia; Alippi, Adriana Mónica; Castro, Ana Maria Los áfidos son un grupo de insectos que provocan importantes daños en la producción agropecuaria. Todos los áfidos con unas pocas excepciones poseen el simbionte primario Buchnera aphidicola, esencial para la supervivencia y reproducción del hospedador [1,2]. Algunos áfidos tienen otros endosimbiontes facultativos llamados secundarios, que influyen en varios aspectos de la ecología de los mismos [2,3]. El objetivo del trabajo consiste en estudiar la biología de los áfidos y ampliar el conocimiento de las interacciones con sus endosimbiontes, para poder desarrollar alguna estrategia que reduzca la acción beneficiosa de los endosimbiontes sobre los áfidos, y que pueda emplearse en el control biológico de plagas. Las especies de este estudio fueron Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) y Sipha maydis (Passerini). El mantenimiento de las colonias y la realización de los ensayos se llevaron a cabo en condiciones ambientales controladas. Se evaluaron los ciclos biológicos de ambas plagas analizando su período inmaduro (d), fertilidad (F), longevidad (L) y tasa de incremento poblacional (rm) criándolos en trigo. Por otro lado, se evaluaron los mismos parámetros cuando son criados en dietas nutritivas con y sin antibiótico, determinando la influencia que tiene la remoción de los simbiontes en el desarrollo y comportamiento reproductivo. Los antibióticos utilizados fueron rifampicina (que elimina al simbionte primario), y ampicilina (que elimina al resto de los simbiontes) [2,4]. Se determinó la variación de los parámetros biológicos del “pulgón verde” criado en planta, dieta y dieta con rifampicina (Tabla 1). El análisis preliminar de los datos se realizó mediante el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) usando el programa Statistica, y la comparación de medias se realizó usando el test de Duncan para cada uno de los ensayos. Se observaron diferencias significativas para la Longevidad, la Fertilidad en un período igual a la duración del ciclo inmaduro (Md) y el Período reproductivo (PR) entre los pulgones criados en plantas y aquellos mantenidos en dietas. Los parámetros que resultaron significativos fueron mayores en los áfidos criados en plantas. El tratamiento de los pulgones con antibiótico provocó diferencias significativas con respecto.

Prácticas pastoriles en el sitio alero caído 1 (AC1), para el lapso ca. 3500- 2500 años AP Erramouspe, Victoria; Urquiza, Silvana Valeria El sitio AleroCaído 1(AC1)se encuentra ubicado en la Quebrada de La Aguada, a 3.917 ms.n.m., en la Puna Seca de Jujuy, Argentina (23º03’08,48’’S y 66º26´09,40’’O).Incluye dos aleros contiguos (AC1 y 2) de ignimbrita meteorizada con pinturas rupestre (Ascheroet al., 2006, 2007, 2008 y 2009; Calisaya et al., 2010; Gerónimo, 2010; Isasmendi et al., 2007; Erramouspe y Urquiza, 2011, 2015).Con el objetivo de contribuir a la comprensión del manejo del recurso Camelidae en la Puna Seca argentina para el lapso ca. 3500-2500 años AP, se exponen en el presente trabajo los datos obtenidos mediante el análisis del registro arqueofaunístico de Alero Caído 1. Se siguieron los criterios habituales de análisis zooarqueológico (Beherensmeyer, 1978; Binford, 1981; Izeta, 2004; Kaufmann, 2009; Lyman, 1984; Mengoni, 1988 y 1999; Nicholson, 1993; Urquiza, 2009, Urquiza y Aschero, 2014).La muestra presenta un buen estado de conservación(estadio 2,Beherensmeyer, 1978) e incluye 1.182 fragmentos óseos en donde Artiodactyla (66,4%) es predominante, seguido porLama glama(26,4%) yVicugnavicugna(0,4%). Los mismos se encuentran asociados a fibras (vellones y cordeles), cueros y pezuñas.A partir de los datos obtenidos se infiere que el 85,2% de la muestra ósea analizada se encuentra semifusionada y corresponde a camélidos menores a 36 meses de edad, lo que estaría evidenciando el consumo de animales jóvenes, la intensificación del control reproductivo, y la posterior explotación de animales domesticados.Con respecto al procesamiento del recurso Camelidae por agentes humanos los valores de IAR obtenidos (Urquiza, 2009) muestran un alto nivel de aprovechamiento correspondiendo a marcas de corte y termoalteraciones en las diáfisis de huesos largos y cortos.La presencia de camélidos domésticos, Lama glama, supera ampliamente a los silvestres, V. vicugna reforzando el carácter pastoril que debió tener el sitio AC1, con una posible estrategia predominante de pastoreo-caza como la propuesta para Susques por Yacobaccioet al. (1997-1998).Teniendo en cuenta la información precedente se interpreta que para el lapso temporal mencionado (3500-2500 años AP)el sitio Alero Caído 1 habría sido utilizado como un internodo transitorio y extractivo de carácter temporario (puesto de altura y/o un lugar de paso) en donde los grupos humanos llevaban a cabo múltiples actividades vinculadas al intercambio, la obtención de recursos específicos (e.g. pasturas para alimentar las caravanas de llamas) (Nielsen, 2006) y practicaban una economía mixta con pastoreo de llamas, recolección y caza ocasional de vicuñas.