Las elecciones en Estados Unidos desde América latina: ''racializando la agenda política'' latinos, trabajadores e indocumentados Artinian, Juan Pablo En este artículo queremos argumentar que el nuevo giro de “racialización” de la agenda política no debe verse simplemente como simple “demagogia” conservadora o progresista sino como un fenómeno sintomático de cambios más profundos producto de las tensiones económicas abiertas desde la crisis del 2008 y el legado del ciclo de guerras de inicios del siglo XXI que estarían configurando una cultura política que coloca en el centro de la escena tópicos como el racismo, la migración y la nueva configuración demográfica de los Estados Unidos. Algunos interrogantes que discutiremos en este artículo son: ¿Por qué la cultura política de los Estados Unidos está poniendo en el centro de la escena el debate en términos “racializados”? ¿Cómo podemos pensar este fenómeno más allá de nociones como “demagogia” o propaganda electoral? ¿Cómo podemos analizar –a partir de la perspectiva de Sudamérica- las tensiones y ansiedades que despierta esta retórica?

Evaluation of porosity change during chemo-mechanical compaction in flooding experiments on Liège outcrop chalk Wang, Wenxia; Madland, Merete V.; Zimmermann, Udo; Nermoen, Anders; Korsnes, Reidar I.; Bertolino, Silvana Raquel Alina; Hildebrand Habel, Tania The mechanical strength, porosity and permeability of chalk are affected by chemical and mineralogical changes induced by fluids that are chemically out of equilibrium with the host rock. Here, two high-porosity Upper Cretaceous chalk cores from Liège were tested at effective stresses beyond yield at 130°C during flooding with MgCl2 and NaCl brines. Core L1 (flooded by MgCl2 brine) deformed more than L2 (flooded with NaCl brine), with volumetric strains of 9.4% and 5.1%, respectively. The porosity losses estimated from strain measurements alone are 5.82% for L1 and 3.01% for L2. However, this approach does not account for dissolution and precipitation reactions. Porosity calculations that are based on strain measurements in combination with (i) the weight difference between saturated and dry cores and (ii) the solid density measurement before and after flooding show an average porosity reduction of 3.69% between the two methods for L1. This discrepancy was not observed for core L2 (with the NaCl brine). The rock and effluent chemistry show that Ca2+ dissolved and Mg2+ is retained within the core for the L1 experiment. Therefore, accurate porosity calculations in chalk cores that are flooded by non-equilibrium brines (e.g. MgCl2) require both the volumetric strain and chemical alteration to be considered.

Magnetic memory effect in magnetite charged polypropylene composite Mocellini, Ricardo Raúl; Lambri, Osvaldo Agustin F.; Gargicevich, Damian; Bonifacich, Federico Guillermo; Weidenfeller, Bernd; Anhalt, Mathias; Riehemann, Werner The behaviour of damping and dynamic shear modulus in polypropylene charged with either different volume fraction or size of magnetite (Fe3O4) particles, as a function of the applied magnetic field at 318, 353 and 403 K; has been studied. An increase of the alternating magnetic field oscillating with 50 Hz, leads to an increase of the damping. In addition, during the subsequently decreasing alternating magnetic field, the damping decreases, but a hysteretic behaviour appeared. The behaviour of the damping and the elastic modulus under the application of an alternating magnetic field was explained by the development of a magnetic fatigue damage occurring around the particle interface due to oscillation of magnetite particles. In contrast, during the increase of a direct magnetic field, the damping decreases and the elastic modulus increases. Measurements performed at 353 and 403 K allowed observing the interaction process among the particles of magnetite in the polymer matrix. After the decrease in the direct magnetic field, from the maximum reached value, damping and modulus remain smaller and higher, respectively; giving rise to a memory effect. In addition, a mesoscopic description of magnetite filled polymer composite materials has been performed in the continuous media by considering the interaction between magnetic and mechanical forces. Theoretical predictions of here developed model were qualitatively applied with good success for explaining the memory effect in magnetite filled polypropylene under the application of a direct magnetic field.

The Deregularization of Land Titles Galiani, Sebastián; Schargrodsky, Ernesto Santiago In the last years, several countries implemented policy interventions to entitle urban squatters, encouraged by the results of studies showing large welfare gains from entitlement. We study a natural experiment in the allocation of land titles to very poor families in a suburban area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Although previous studies on this experiment have found important effects of titling on investment, household structure, educational achievement, and child health, in this article we document that a large fraction of households that went through a situation at which formalization was challenged (death, divorce, sale/purchase), ended up being de-regularized. The legal costs of remaining formal seem too high relative to the value of these parcels and the income of their inhabitants.

Espacios públicos practicados: entre el abandono y la recualificación. Rosario, 1990s. - tempranos 2000.1; Practiced public spaces: between abandonment and requalification. Rosario, 1990s. – early 2000 Godoy, Sebastián David El presente trabajo se pregunta acerca del potencial espacializante de las prácticas culturales en el contexto de las ciudades del capitalismo tardío y las transformaciones acaecidas en su espacio público. Desde hace más de veinte años, la ciudad contemporánea funcionó como el escenario de una serie de transformaciones asociadas el neoliberalismo, el capitalismo postindustrial, los dispositivos securitarios y la espectacularización de la vida, que se tradujeron en profundos problemas socioespaciales. En este contexto, el espacio público asumió una nueva relevancia en la medida que, desde las últimas décadas del siglo XX, constituyó una espacialidad disputada. Primero abandonado por el proceso de desindustrialización, fue luego el blanco de las acciones empresariales y estatales en materia de urbanismo y diseño. Frente a esto, en diversas ciudades comenzaron a proliferar intentos por parte de un abanico heterogéneo de agentes sociales por conseguir un acceso genuino a estos espacios, cada vez más despojados de su sentido público. Muchos de estos ensayos, adquirieron la forma de intervenciones estético-performáticas que buscaban mostrar que lo que hace público a un espacio era su apropiación colectiva. A continuación, se estudiarán algunas experiencias de usos artísticos y derivas estéticas que imprimieron nuevos sentidos a diversos espacios públicos de la ciudad de Rosario, entre mediados de la década de 1990 y comienzos del siglo XXI.; This paper wonders about the spatial potential of cultural practices in the context of the late capitalism cities and the transformations in their public space. For over twenty years, the contemporary city served as the setting for a series of transformations associated with neoliberalism, post-industrial capitalism, security devices and life as spectacle, which led to profound socio-spatial problems. In this context, urban public space assumed a new relevance to the extent that, since the last decades of the twentieth century it constituted a disputed spatiality. First abandoned by deindustrialization, it was then the target of state and enterprise actions in urban planning and design. Against this, in various cities began to proliferate a series of attempts by various social agents in order to achieve a genuine access to these areas, increasingly stripped of its public sense. Many of these attempts took the form of performative and aesthetic interventions that sought to show that what makes a public space was collective ownership. Coming up next, we will study some experiences of artistic uses and aesthetic drifts which printed new meanings to various public spaces in the city of Rosario, between the mid-1990s and early twenty-first century.

Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern Hemisphere surface climate Jones, Julie; Gille, Sarah; Goose, Hugues J.; Abram, Nerillie J.; Canziani, Pablo Osvaldo; Charman, Dan J.; Clem, Kyle R.; Crosta Xavier; de Lavergne, Casimir; Eisenman, Ian; England, Matthew H.; Fogt, Ryan L.; Frankcombe, Leela M.; Marshall, Gareth J.; Masson Delmotte, Valérie; Morrison, Adele K.; Orsi, Anaïs J.; Raphael, Marilyn N.; Renwick, James A.; Schneider, David P.; Simpkins, Graham R.; Steig, Eric J.; Steni, Barbara; Swingedow, Didier; Vance, Tessa R. Understanding the causes of recent climatic trends and variability in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere is hampered by a short instrumental record. Here, we analyse recent atmosphere, surface ocean and sea-ice observations in this region and assess their trends in the context of palaeoclimate records and climate model simulations. Over the 36-year satellite era, significant linear trends in annual mean sea-ice extent, surface temperature and sea-level pressure are superimposed on large interannual to decadal variability. Most observed trends, however, are not unusual when compared with Antarctic palaeoclimate records of the past two centuries. With the exception of the positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode, climate model simulations that include anthropogenic forcing are not compatible with the observed trends. This suggests that natural variability overwhelms the forced response in the observations, but the models may not fully represent this natural variability or may overestimate the magnitude of the forced response.

Regulatory Science And Social Movements: The Trial Against The Use Of Agrochemicals In Ituzaingó. Arancibia, Florencia Paula In August 2012 a transgenic soy producer and a pesticide spraying pilot were sentenced to three years of conditional prison for potential pollution and harm to public health in Cordoba, Argentina. This was the first case of pesticide pollution judged by Criminal Law in Latin America and the verdict became a turning point in the struggle to regulate pesticides in Argentina. The trial was initiated by the movement “Madres de Ituzaingó” from a neighborhood surrounded by transgenic soy fields sprayed with glyphosate-based herbicides (to which GM seeds are resistant). They found an increase in cancer rates and made the nexus between their illnesses and glyphosate exposure. In this way, they challenged official “regulatory science”, which classifies glyphosate as a product of low toxicity, commercialized and used without restriction. Through in-depth interviews and ethnographic observation, I found that the ruling was an outcome of interconnected actions which included typical forms of protest, the production of “undone science”, as well as other actions involving expertise.

HPV16 variants distribution in invasive cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, and anus Nicolás Párraga, Sara; Gandini, Carolina Lia; Pimenoff, Ville N.; Alemany, Laia; de Sanjosé, Silvia; Bosch, F. Xavier; Bravo, Ignacio G. Human papillomavirus (HPV)16 is the most oncogenic human papillomavirus, responsible for most papillomavirus-inducedanogenital cancers. We have explored by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis the viral variant lineages presentin 692 HPV16-monoinfected invasive anogenital cancers from Europe, Asia,and Central/South America. We have assessed the contribution of geography and anatomy to the differential prevalence of HPV16 variants and to the nonsynonymous E6 T350G polymorphism. Most (68%) of the variance in the distributionof HPV16 variants was accounted for by the differential abundance of the different viral lineages. The most prevalent variant (above 70% prevalence) in all regions and in all locations was HPV16_A1-3,except in Asia, whereHPV16_A4 predominated in anal cancers. The differential prevalence of variants as a function of geographical origin explained 9% of the variance, and the differential prevalence of variants as a function of anatomical location accountedfor less than 3% of the variance. Despite containing similar repertoires of HPV16 variants, we confirm the worldwide trend of cervical cancers being diagnosed significantly earlier than other anogenital cancers (early fifties vs. early sixties).Frequencies for alleles in the HPV16 E6 T350G polymorphism were similar across anogenital cancers from the same geographical origin. Interestingly, anogenita lcancers from Central/South America displayed higher 350G allele frequencies also within HPV16_A1-3 lineage compared with Europe. Our results demonstrate ample variation in HPV16 variants prevalence in anogenital cancers, which is partly explained by the geographical origin of the sample and only marginally explained by the anatomical location of the lesion, suggesting that tissue specialization is not essential evolutionary forces shaping HPV16 diversity in anogenital cancers.

Tiempos de restauración. Balance y caracterización del gobierno de Macri en sus primeros meses; Restoration times: assessment and characterization of Macri's government in its initial months Varesi, Gastón Angel El artículo se propone analizar y realizar un balance sobre los primeros meses del gobierno de Macri en la Argentina. Para ello el autor aborda el plan económico, detallando las políticas aplicadas y sus impactos sobre las variables económicas y la estructura de clases y abre interrogantes sobre las transformaciones ejercidas en el régimen de acumulación. Asimismo, articula dicho análisis con la estrategia política en que se enmarca y las variaciones que ésta realiza en el nivel del Estado. A su vez, se propone comprender el caso argentino en el marco del cambio de las relaciones de fuerzas internacionales que atraviesan al continente latinoamericano.Las preguntas que guían el artículo son ¿qué transformaciones se presentan en el nivel del régimen de acumulación? ¿cuáles son los rasgos que comienzan a caracterizar al Estado? ¿a través de qué estrategia política se abren paso? ¿cómo se vinculan las transformaciones político-económicas del caso nacionalcon el contexto regional?; The article aims to analyze and make an assessment on the initial months of the government of Macri in Argentina. For this purpose we address the economic plan, detailing the policies implemented and their impact on economic variables and class structure, wondering about the changes exerted on the regime of accumulation. We also articulate this analysis with the political strategy that it belongs to and the variations it implies at the State level. At the same time, we intend to understand the Argentine case under the influence of the changes in international force relations currently developing in the Latin American continent. The questions that guide the article are: What changes occur at the level of the accumulation regime? What are the main features that characterize the State? What is the political strategy from which they break through like? How are the political and economic transformations of the national case linked to the regional context?

Archaeological age estimation based on obsidian hydration data for two southern Andean sources; Estimación de edades arqueológicas usando la hidratación de obsidianas: dos fuentes de los andes meridionales Garvey, Raven; Carpenter, Tim; Gil, Adolfo Fabian; Neme, Gustavo Adolfo; Bettinger, Robert Obsidian is abundant in archaeological sites throughout Mendoza Province, Argentina but no obsidian hydration rates exist to date these assemblages. Direct dating of obsidian artifacts is particularly important in west-central Argentina because the surface record is extensive but well-defined time marker artifacts are lacking. The costs of non-optical hydration dating techniques currently preclude their regular use in the region, however. We present and evaluate 12 models for age estimation based on optical hydration rim measurements for the two most commonly used obsidian types in the region (Las Cargas and Laguna del Maule). Age estimation equations are derived for each source using observed hydration rim-radiocarbon date pairs, and parameterized by variables known to influence obsidian hydration in experimental settings. The equations advanced here are currently best at predicting the known ages of artifacts independently dated by radiocarbon, and can be cautiously used to estimate the ages of obsidian artifacts.; Las obsidianas son abundantes en los sitios arqueológicos de la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina). Sin embargo, hasta el momento no existen estimaciones para las tasas de hidratación de estas rocas que puedan utilizarse para fechar esos conjuntos líticos. La realización de fechados directos sobre artefactos de obsidiana resulta particularmente importante para esta región, dado que existe un vasto registro arqueológico de superficie –compuesto principalmente por artefactos líticos– y solo se cuenta con tipos morfológicos cronológicamente sensibles para el Holoceno Tardío. Aquí se presentan y evalúan 12 modelos para estimar las edades de los artefactos de obsidiana basados en la medición óptica de los anillos de hidratación. Específicamente estos modelos fueron desarrollados para las dos obsidianas más comunes en los contextos arqueológicos de la región, procedentes de las fuentes de Las Cargas y Laguna del Maule. Las edades estimadas son derivadas para cada fuente a partir de pares de medición del espesor de la corteza de hidratación-fechado radiocarbono, y calibradas con variables cuya influencia sobre la hidratación ha sido establecida experimentalmente. Las ecuaciones que presentamos son actualmente las que mejor predicen las edades conocidas de artefactos que han sido fechados independientemente por radiocarbono y, por lo tanto, pueden utilizarse con cautela para estimar la antigüedad de los artefactos de obsidiana procedentes de la región.

Migraciones a Europa 2016: un ¿éxodo? sin tierra prometida a la vista García, Lila Emilse Ya en 2014, la revista Migraciones Forzadas, indicaba que el volumen de personas forzadas a la movilidad en Siria hacía de ésta la mayor crisis de desplazados internos en el mundo, situación que también se ha equiparado al gran éxodo bíblico aunque no por las panderetas de alegría. En octubre de 2015, ACNUR contabilizaba casi 8 millones de personas desplazadas internamente y otros 4 millones de refugiadas, un número que crece a pasos agigantados y que no ha podido ser detenido por el crudo invierno ni por el alto al fuego. Aunque algunos de los números sean relativos –Líbano tiene unos 4 millones de habitantes y ha recibido un millón de refugiados, mientras que la Unión Europea cuenta con 500 millones de habitantes– lo cierto es que en un solo año se estima que llegaron a Europa 1.200.000 personas (el equivalente a la población total de la provincia de Entre Ríos) y sólo en las primeras seis semanas de 2016 llegó el total de lo que se esperaba para los primeros cuatro meses del año.

El centón de Hippodamia: Apuntes de traducción Carmignani, Marcos Flavio El término centón describe una obra hecha de la unión de retazos de material previamente usado y, en un sentido figurado, el uso de versos o partes de versos de poetas reconocidos que forman un texto original con un significado nuevo. En la literatura latina se conservan 16 centones virgilianos, uno de los cuales será objeto de esta ponencia. Se trata del centón de Hippodamia, un poema de 162 versos, de autor anónimo, que cuenta la historia de la hija de Enómao, Hipodamia, siempre utilizando versos virgilianos. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar los problemas de traducción que plantea una obra de este tipo, donde se debe trabajar permanentemente entre dos universos: el del texto base, en este caso principalmente la Eneida, y el del nuevo contexto, el universo del mito.

Radicales y socialistas frente a la centralidad de la nación : sobre rituales partidarios y culturas políticas en el momento del Centenario (1909-1912); Radicals and socialists against the centrality of the nation. On partisan rituals and political cultures in the Centenary moment (1909- 1912) Reyes, Francisco Jerónimo El Centenario de 1910 constituyó en la Argentina una coyuntura decisiva para el Estado que organizara las celebraciones y también para aquellas fuerzas instaladas en la oposición, como la Unión Cívica Radical y el Partido Socialista. El trabajo indaga de forma comparativa en los rituales políticos desplegados por dichos actores hasta la reforma electoral de 1912, a través del análisis de las culturas políticas en las que ambos se inscribían. Las fuentes utilizadas fueron la prensa, documentos y discursos alusivos a dichos acontecimientos, a partir de lo cual se afirma que el nacionalismo del Centenario operó un cambio en las referencias simbólicas de radicales y socialistas, que ubicó en el centro de su prédica la cuestión de la nación en cruce con la incipiente democracia.; The 1910 Argentinean Centenary established a critical juncture for the State, which ought to organize celebrations, and for those forces also installed in the opposition, such as the Unión Cívica Radical and the Socialist Party. The present work inquires in a comparative way the political rituals made by them up until the electoral reform of 1912, through the analysis of political cultures in which both are inscribed. The sources used were the press, documents and allusive speeches regarding these events, through which it´s claimed that the nationalism of the Centennial operated a change in the symbolic references of Socialists and Radicals, placing at the centre of his preaching the question of the Nation in junction with a fledgling democracy.

Competition between Two High-Density Assemblies of Poly(phenyl)thiols on Au(111) Peiretti, Leonardo Federico; Quaino, Paola Monica; Tielens, Frederik The interaction between aromatic thiols and the Au(111) surface was investigated using periodic density functional theory (DFT). Different self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) organizations were investigated, namely with different surface reconstructions (flat unreconstructed Au(111) and adatom Au(111) surface). DFT energetics on geometrically optimized SAMs and electronic analysis by means of projected density of states and the crystal orbital Hamilton population method were used to interpret the differences in the adsorption properties. It was found that the adsorption energy difference between the arylthiol chains adsorbed in T-shaped SAMs and adsorbed on flat unreconstructed Au(111) diminishes from long aryl thiols (tpt) to the short ones (dpt and mpt), indicating that the unreconstructed surface becomes more competitive energetically for short-chain arylthiols (dpt and mpt). Moreover, the nature of the Au–S bond was found to be independent of the chain size. This leads us to conclude that the reconstruction, if any, is only dependent on the side-chain interactions.

Factorization in spin systems under general fields and separable ground-state engineering Cerezo de la Roca, Marco Vinicio Sebastian; Rossignoli, Raúl Dante; Canosa, Norma Beatriz We discuss ground-state factorization schemes in spin S arrays with general quadratic couplings under general magnetic fields, not necessarily uniform or transverse. It is shown that, given arbitrary spin alignment directions at each site, nonzero XYZ couplings between any pair and fields at each site always exist such that the ensuing Hamiltonian has an exactly separable eigenstate with the spins pointing along the specified directions. Furthermore, by suitable tuning of the fields this eigenstate can always be cooled down to a nondegenerate ground state. It is also shown that in open one-dimensional systems with fixed arbitrary first-neighbor couplings at least one separable eigenstate compatible with an arbitrarily chosen spin direction at one site is always feasible if the fields at each site can be tuned. We demonstrate as well that in the vicinity of factorization, i.e., for small perturbations in the fields or couplings, pairwise entanglement reaches full range. Some noticeable examples of factorized eigenstates are unveiled. The present results open the way for separable ground-state engineering. A notation to quantify the complexity of a given type of solution according to the required control on the system couplings and fields is introduced.

Conditional purity and quantum correlation measures in two qubit mixed states Rebón, Lorena; Rossignoli, Raúl Dante; Varga, Juan José Miguel; Gigena, Nicolás Alejandro; Canosa, Norma Beatriz; Iemmi, Claudio César; Ledesma, Silvia Adriana We analyze and show experimental results of the conditional purity, the quantum discord and other related measures of quantum correlation in mixed two-qubit states constructed from a pair of photons in identical polarization states. The considered states are relevant for the description of spin pair states in interacting spin chains in a transverse magnetic field. We derive clean analytical expressions for the conditional local purity and other correlation measures obtained as a result of a remote local projective measurement, which are fully verified by the experimental results. A simple exact expression for the quantum discord of these states in terms of the maximum conditional purity is also derived.

Social modulation of the daily activity rhythm in a solitary subterranean rodent, the tuco-tuco (Ctenomys sp) Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo; Amaya, Juan Pablo; Oda, Gisele Akemi; Valentinuzzi, Verónica Sandra South American subterranean rodents are mainly described as solitary and mutual synchronization was never observed among individuals maintained together in laboratory. We report that a single birth event was capable of disrupting the robust nocturnal activity rhythm of singly housed tuco-tucos from north-west Argentina. "Around-the-clock activity" was displayed by 8 out of 13 animals whose cages were closer to the newborn pups. However, experimental exposure to a pup vocalization did not produce a similar effect on the rhythms of adult animals. Our results indicate an effect of social interaction in the expression of biological rhythms even in solitary animals.

La reciprocidad discontinua en español; Discontinuous reciprocity in Spanish Mare, María de Los Angeles Una de las lecturas que desencadena la presencia del clítico se en español es la recíproca. A diferencia de la lectura reflexiva, la interpretación recíproca se obtiene únicamente cuando el clítico se vincula a una expresión plural, sea un plural morfológico o sintáctico (i.e., una coordinación). Sin embargo, la presencia de un sintagma comitativo favorece la lectura recíproca aún si la expresión con la que se relaciona el clítico está en singular (Astérix se abrazó con Obélix). Este fenómeno se denomina reciprocidad discontinua (Dimitriadis 2000 y trabajos posteriores) y ha sido estudiado principalmente en las lenguas eslavas. Nuestro objetivo es revisar las características de esta construcción en español y determinar, por un lado, cómo se vincula el sintagma comitativo con el resto de la estructura y, por el otro, cuál es el estatuto del clítico se. A partir de estas discusiones proponemos un análisis en el marco de la Gramática Generativa que permite dar cuenta de las propiedades de ciertos sintagmas preposicionales y de las consecuencias del ensamble de éstos en la estructura general.; One of the readings of the clitic ‘se’ in Spanish is the one related to reciprocity. This interpretation differs from the reflexive one in that the first is obtained only when the clitic relates to a plural expression, no matter if it is a morphological plural or a syntactic one (i.e., a coordination). However, the presence of a comitative phrase favors the reciprocity interpretation, even when the expression associated with the clitic is singular (Astérix se abrazó con Obélix Lit. ‘AstérixSG CLSG hugged with Obélix’- ‘Astérix and Obélix hugged each other’). This phenomenon has been called discontinuous reciprocity (Dimitriadis 2000 and subsequent work) and it has been mainly studied for Slavic languages. Our main goal is to revise the properties of this construction in Spanish in order to define, on the one hand, how the comitative phrase relates to the main structure, and on the other, which is the clitic se status. Based on those aspects we propose an analysis framed in Generative Grammar which lets us explain the properties of comitative prepositional phrases and the consequences of their merge in the structure.

Pedagogical Cues to an Artist’s Intention in Young Children’s Understanding of Drawings Salsa, Analía Marcela; Vivaldi, Romina Three studies investigated the effects of pedagogical cues to an artist’s referential intention on 2- and 2.5-year-old children’s understanding of drawings in a matching task without verbal labels support. Results showed that pedagogical cues, the combination of the artist’s eye gaze while she was creating the drawings (nonlinguistic cues), and verbal descriptions about her graphic actions (linguistic cues) enabled 2-year-olds to match highly realistic line drawings with referents. However, 2-year-olds’ performance was not influenced to an equal degree by nonlinguistic and linguistic cues; verbal scripts appeared to be the critical aspect of pedagogical demonstration even with predrawn pictures. By contrast, at 2.5 years of age, children inferred the artist’s intention when comprehending drawings in the absence of pedagogical cues. This research illustrates the potential power of pedagogical demonstration to communicate referential intentions in the pictorial symbol domain.

Performance of ZnSe(Te) as fiberoptic dosimetry detector Ramírez, M.; Martínez Clemente, Nahuel Facundo; Marcazzo, Salvador Julian; Molina, Pablo Fernando; Feld, D.; Santiago, Martin Alejo Fiberoptic dosimetry (FOD) is an experimental technique suitable for in-vivo, real time dosimetry in radiotherapy treatments. FOD relies on using a small scintillator coupled to one end of a long optical fiber. The scintillator is placed at the point where the dose rate is to be determined whereas a light detector at the other end of the fiber measures the intensity of the radioluminescence emitted by the scintillator. One of the problems hampering the straightforward application of this technique in clinics is the presence of Cherenkov radiation generated in the fiber by the ionizing radiation, which adds to the scintillating light and introduces a bias in the dose measurement. Since Cherenkov radiation is more important in short wavelength range of the visible spectrum, using red-emitting scintillators as FOD detectors permits to reduce the Cherenkov contribution by using optical filters. In this work, the performance of red-emitting tellurium-doped zinc selenide crystal as FOD detector is evaluated and compared to the response of an ion-chamber.