Homogeneous geodesics in pseudo-Riemannian nilmanifolds del Barco, Viviana Jorgelina We study the geodesic orbit property for nilpotent Lie groups N when endowed with a pseudo-Riemannian left-invariant metric. We consider this property with respect to different groups acting by isometries. When N acts on itself by left-translations we show that it is a geodesic orbit space if and only if the metric is bi-invariant. Assuming N is 2-step nilpotent and with non-degenerate center we give algebraic conditions on the Lie algebra n of N in order to verify that every geodesic is the orbit of a one-parameter subgroup of N ⋊ Auto(N). In addition we present an example of an almost g.o. space such that for null homogeneous geodesics, the natural parameter of the orbit is not always the affine parameter of the geodesic.

Sialic Acid Glycobiology Unveils Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigote Membrane Physiology Lantos, Andrés Bernardo Gabriel; Carlevaro, Giannina Alejandra; Araoz, Beatriz; Ruiz Díaz, Pablo Daniel; Camara, María de los Milagros; Buscaglia, Carlos Andres; Bossi, Mariano Luis; Yu, Hai; Chen, Xi; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.; Mucci, Juan Sebastián; Campetella, Oscar Eduardo Trypanosoma cruzi, the flagellate protozoan agent of Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis, is unable to synthesize sialic acids de novo. Mucins and trans-sialidase (TS) are substrate and enzyme, respectively, of the glycobiological system that scavenges sialic acid from the host in a crucial interplay for T. cruzi life cycle. The acquisition of the sialyl residue allows the parasite to avoid lysis by serum factors and to interact with the host cell. A major drawback to studying the sialylation kinetics and turnover of the trypomastigote glycoconjugates is the difficulty to identify and follow the recently acquired sialyl residues. To tackle this issue, we followed an unnatural sugar approach as bioorthogonal chemical reporters, where the use of azidosialyl residues allowed identifying the acquired sugar. Advanced microscopy techniques, together with biochemical methods, were used to study the trypomastigote membrane from its glycobiological perspective. Main sialyl acceptors were identified as mucins by biochemical procedures and protein markers. Together with determining their shedding and turnover rates, we also report that several membrane proteins, including TS and its substrates, both glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, are separately distributed on parasite surface and contained in different and highly stable membrane microdomains. Notably, labeling for α(1,3)Galactosyl residues only partially colocalize with sialylated mucins, indicating that two species of glycosylated mucins do exist, which are segregated at the parasite surface. Moreover, sialylated mucins were included in lipid-raft-domains, whereas TS molecules are not. The location of the surface-anchored TS resulted too far off as to be capable to sialylate mucins, a role played by the shed TS instead. Phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase-C activity is actually not present in trypomastigotes. Therefore, shedding of TS occurs via microvesicles instead of as a fully soluble form.

Hemin induces mitophagy in a leukemic erythroblast cell line Fader Kaiser, Claudio Marcelo; Salassa, Betiana Nebaí; Grosso, Rubén Adrián; Vergara Escardini, Agustín Nicolás; Colombo, Maria Isabel In eukaryotic cells, autophagy is considered a lysosomal catabolic process which participates in the degradation of intracellular components in a vacuolar structure termed autolysosome. This pathway plays a significant role in the erythropoiesis process, contributing to the clearance of some organelles (such as mitochondria) that are not necessary in the mature red blood cells. Nevertheless, the role of autophagy in erythrocyte maturation has not been fully established.RESULTS:Here, we have demonstrated that hemin (a physiological erythroid maturation stimulator) is able to induce the expression of critical autophagic genes (i.e., Map1a1b (LC3), Beclin-1 gen, Atg5) in an erythroleukemia cell type. We have also shown that hemin increased the size of autophagic vacuoles which were labelled with LC3 and the degradative lysosomal marker dye quenched-bovine serum albumin. In addition, we have determined by Western blot a rise in the lipidated form of the autophagic protein LC3 (i.e., LC3-II) upon hemin treatment. Moreover, we provide evidence that hemin induces mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and that mitochondria sequestration by autophagy requires the active form of the NIX protein.CONCLUSIONS:We have found that the physiological erythroid maturation stimulator hemin is able to induce mitophagy in K562 cells, and that the autophagy adaptor NIX is necessary for mitophagy progression. K562 cells have been used as a relevant model to determine the possible therapeutic role of new differentiating compounds.SIGNIFICANCE:It has been proposed that autophagy induction is a feasible new therapeutic key in fighting cancer. Our results suggest that hemin is favoring erythroid maturation by inducing an autophagic response in K562 cells, being a possible therapeutic candidate that may help in the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) treatment.

Genes regulated by potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 15 (Kctd15) in the developing neural crest Bun Wong, Thomas Chi; Rebbert, Martha; Wang, Chengdong; Chen, Xiongfong; Heffer, Alison; Zarelli, Valeria Eugenia Paola; Dawid, Igor B.; Zhao, Hui Neural crest (NC) development is controlled precisely by a regulatory network with multiple signaling pathways and the involvement of many genes. The integration and coordination of these factors are still incompletely understood. Overexpression of Wnt3a and the BMP antagonist Chordin in animal cap cells from Xenopus blastulae induces a large number of NC specific genes. We previously suggested that Potassium Channel Tetramerization Domain containing 15 (Kctd15) regulates NC formation by affecting Wnt signaling and the activity of transcription factor AP-2. In order to advance understanding of the function of Kctd15 during NC development, we performed DNA microarray assays in explants injected with Wnt3a and Chordin, and identified genes that are affected by Kctd15 overexpression. Among the many genes identified, we chose Duf domain containing protein 1 (ddcp1), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor a (pdgfra), Complement factor properdin (cfp), Zinc Finger SWIM-Type Containing 5 (zswim5), and complement component 3 (C3) to examine their expression by whole mount in situ hybridization. Our work points to a possible role for Kctd15 in the regulation of NC formation and other steps in embryonic development.

The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms Ezcurra, Martin Daniel The early evolution of archosauromorphs during the Permo-Triassic constitutes an excellent empirical case study to shed light on evolutionary radiations in deep time and the timing and processes of recovery of terrestrial faunas after a mass extinction. However, macroevolutionary studies of early archosauromorphs are currently limited by poor knowledge of their phylogenetic relationships. In particular, one of the main early archosauromorph groups that need an exhaustive phylogenetic study is “Proterosuchia,” which as historically conceived includes members of both Proterosuchidae and Erythrosuchidae. A new data matrix composed of 96 separate taxa (several of them not included in a quantitative phylogenetic analysis before) and 600 osteological characters was assembled and analysed to generate a comprehensive higher-level phylogenetic hypothesis of basal archosauromorphs and shed light on the species-level interrelationships of taxa historically identified as proterosuchian archosauriforms. The results of the analysis using maximum parsimony include a polyphyletic “Prolacertiformes” and “Protorosauria,” in which the Permian Aenigmastropheus and Protorosaurus are the most basal archosauromorphs. The enigmatic choristoderans are either found as the sister-taxa of all other lepidosauromorphs or archosauromorphs, but consistently placed within Sauria. Prolacertids, rhynchosaurs, allokotosaurians and tanystropheids are the major successive sister clades of Archosauriformes. The Early Triassic Tasmaniosaurus is recovered as the sister-taxon of Archosauriformes. Proterosuchidae is unambiguosly restricted to five species that occur immediately after and before the Permo-Triassic boundary, thus implying that they are a short-lived “disaster” clade. Erythrosuchidae is composed of eight nominal species that occur during the Early and Middle Triassic. “Proterosuchia” is polyphyletic, in which erythrosuchids are more closely related to Euparkeria and more crownward archosauriforms than to proterosuchids, and several species are found widespread along the archosauromorph tree, some being nested within Archosauria (e.g., “Chasmatosaurus ultimus,” Youngosuchus). Doswelliids and proterochampsids are recovered as more closely related to each other than to other archosauromorphs, forming a large clade (Proterochampsia) of semi-aquatic to aquatic forms that includes the bizarre genus Vancleavea. Euparkeria is one of the sister-taxa of the clade composed of proterochampsians and archosaurs. The putative Indian archosaur Yarasuchus is recovered in a polytomy with Euparkeria and more crownward archosauriforms, and as more closely related to the Russian Dongusuchus than to other species. Phytosaurs are recovered as the sister-taxa of all other pseudosuchians, thus being nested within Archosauria.

The TAM family receptor tyrosine kinase TYRO3 is a negative regulator of type 2 immunity Chan, Pamela Y.; Carrera Silva, Eugenio Antonio; De Kouchkovsky, Dimitri; Joannas, Leonel D.; Hao, Liming; Hu, Donglei; Huntsman, Scott; Eng, Celeste; Licona Limón, Paula; Weinstein, Jason S.; De Broski, Herbert R.; Craft , Joseph E.; Flavell, Richard A.; Repetto, Silvia; Correale, Jorge; Burchard, Esteban G.; Torgerson, Dora G.; Ghosh, Sourav; Rothlin, Carla V. Host responses against metazoan parasites or an array of environmental substances elicit type 2 immunity. Despite its protective function, type 2 immunity also drives allergic diseases. The mechanisms that regulate the magnitude of the type 2 response remain largely unknown. Here, we show that genetic ablation of a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded byTyro3in mice or the functional neutralization of its ortholog in human dendritic cells resulted in enhanced type 2 immunity. Furthermore, the TYRO3 agonist PROS1 was induced in T cells by the quintessential type 2 cytokine, interleukin-4. T cell-specificPros1knockouts phenocopied the loss ofTyro3 Thus, a PROS1-mediated feedback from adaptive immunity engages a rheostat, TYRO3, on innate immune cells to limit the intensity of type 2 responses.

El contratismo y su integración al modelo de agronegocios: producción y servicios en la región pampeana; Custom farming and its integration into the agrobusiness model: production and services in the Pampa region Hernandez, Valeria Alicia; Muzlera Klappenbach, José Alberto Si bien existen estudios sobre el desarrollo de los prestadores de servicios agropecuarios de labores culturales -"contratistas" en la jerga nativa-, a lo largo del siglo XX, el crecimiento exponencial de esta actividad y las vertiginosas dinámicas de innovación tecnológica para el agro en relación a este rubro, han abierto nuevos interrogantes respecto de las características productivas y las identidades construidas por estos sujetos. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar cuenta de las distintas estrategias desplegadas respecto a la compra-venta de servicios por parte de estos actores de la producción agrícola, así como también comprender cómo estas estrategias se relacionan con el modelo productivo predominante. El acercamiento que proponemos a continuación, es en base a un relevamiento cuantitativo de hogares de productores agropecuarios (provincias de Buenos Aires y de Santa Fe) y a entrevistas cualitativas sobre trayectorias de vida y empresariales. A partir de la construcción de estos datos analizamos las características de aquellos que implementaron la prestación de servicios agrícolas, en base a las dimensiones materiales e identitarias estudiadas.; Although there are studies about the development of agricultural service providers -"custom farmers" in the local jargon- the exponential growth of this activity throughout the XX century and the dynamics of technological innovation for the agro in connection to this field have posed new questions related to the productive characteristics and the identities built by these subjects. In the approach that follows and which is based on a sample of agricultural producers (provinces of Santa Fe and Buenos Aires) and on qualitative interviews about life stories and business history, we analyzed the characteristics of those who implemented the provision of agricultural services. Taking into account the material and identity dimensions studied we will seek to account for the different strategies displayed regarding the purchase-sale of services by these actors of agricultural production as well as to understand how these strategies are related to the predominant production model.

General solution of a fractional diffusion-advection equation for solar cosmic-ray transport Rocca, Mario Carlos; Plastino, Ángel Ricardo; Plastino, Ángel Luis; Ferri, Gustavo Luis; de Paoli, Ángel Luis In this effort we exactly solve the fractional diffusion-advection equation for solar cosmic-ray transport and give its general solution in terms of hypergeometric distributions. Numerical analysis of this equation shows that its solutions resemble power-laws.

Segmentación del mercado de trabajo según regiones y categorías urbanas: Argentina, 1991-2010; Segmentation of the labour market along urban regions and categories: Argentina, 1991-2010; Segmentação do mercado de trabalho entre as regiões urbanas e categorias: Argentina, 1991-2010 Manzano, Fernando; Velázquez, Guillermo Ángel Este trabajo indaga acerca de la inserción ocupacional de la población argentina, tomando como referencia dos características de relevancia, como ser: la categoría ocupacional y las ramas de actividad de los ocupados. Tradicionalmente la estructura ocupacional suele analizarse mediante los resultados en sus niveles más agregados (Total Nacional, Provincial, etc.). Debido a esto, se incorporará una dimensión más geográfica que tenga en cuenta la variable tamaño de la aglomeración, que será operacionalizada mediante el uso de categorías urbanas, definidas previamente en función de diferentes niveles de densidad poblacional, de la cual se surgirán nuevos resultados vinculados a patrones de inserción laboral de la población, a partir de la fragmentación entre diferentes categorías urbanas en cada una de las regiones (que consideramos como variación intrarregionales). La hipótesis que guía este artículo, afirma que las variaciones intrarregionales –que surgen de la segmentación de cada región según sus categorías urbanas–, respecto de las variables categoría ocupacional y rama de actividad, son superiores a las diferencias existentes a nivel interregional. En caso de poder corroborar esta afirmación, estaremos en condiciones de considerar a las jerarquías urbanas como un factor de influencia sobre la inserción ocupacional, superior al que ejercen los contextos regionales (respecto a las variables ocupacionales mencionadas).; This work investigates about the occupational integration of the Argentine population, taking as reference two features of relevance, such as: the occupational category and the branches of the occupied. Traditionally the occupational structure is usually analyzed by the results in their levels more aggregated Total (National, Provincial, etc.). Because of this, will be incorporated into a more geographic dimension that takes into account the variable size of the agglomeration, which will be operationalized by using categories urban, previously defined in function of different levels of population density, which will occur new results related to patterns of labor insertion of the population, from the fragmentation between different urban categories in each of the regions (that we consider as intraregional variation). The assumptions that guide this article, asserts that the intraregional variations - which arise from the segmentation of each region according to their categories urban-, with respect to the variables occupational category and branch of activity, are superior to the existing differences at the interregional level. In case of being able to corroborate this statement, we will be in a position to consider the urban hierarchies as a factor of influence on the occupational integration, superior to that exercised by the regional contexts (with respect to the occupational variables mentioned above).; Este trabalho investiga sobre a integração profissional da população argentina, tomando-se como referência a duas características relevantes, tais como: a categoria profissional e os ramos da ocupado. Tradicionalmente, a estrutura ocupacional é normalmente analisado pelos resultados em seus níveis mais agregados Total (nacional, estaduais, etc. ). Por esse motivo, será incorporada a uma maior dimensão geográfica que leva em conta a variável tamanho da aglomeração, que será operacionalizada pelo uso de categorias urbanas, previamente definidos em função dos diferentes níveis de densidade populacional, o que irá ocorrer novos resultados relacionadas com padrões de trabalho a inserção da população, a partir da fragmentação entre as diferentes categorias urbana em cada uma das regiões (que consideramos como variação intra-regional). Os pressupostos que norteiam este artigo, afirma que as variações intra-regional - que surgem da segmentação de cada região, de acordo com as suas categorias e urbano, no que diz respeito às variáveis categoria ocupacional e ramo de actividade, são superiores às diferenças existentes no plano inter-regional. No caso de serem capazes de corroborar esta afirmação, vamos estar em uma posição para considerar a hierarquia urbana como um fator de influência sobre a integração profissional, superior ao exercido pelo contextos regionais (no que diz respeito ao trabalho variáveis mencionadas acima).

Layered vanadyl (IV) nitroprusside: Magnetic interaction through a network of hydrogen bonds Gil, Diego Mauricio; Osiry, H.; Pomiro, Fernando; Varetti, Eduardo Lelio; Carbonio, Raul Ernesto; Alejandro, R. R.; Ben Altabef, Aída; Reguera, E. The hydrogen bond and π-π stacking are two non-covalent interactions able to support cooperative magnetic ordering between paramagnetic centers. This contribution reports the crystal structure and related magnetic properties for VO[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O, which has a layered structure. This solid crystallizes with an orthorhombic unit cell, in the Pna21 space group, with cell parameters a=14.1804(2), b=10.4935(1), c=7.1722(8) Å and four molecules per unit cell (Z=4). Its crystal structure was solved and refined from powder X-ray diffraction data. Neighboring layers remain linked through a network of hydrogen bonds involving a water molecule coordinated to the axial position for the V atom and the unbridged axial NO and CN ligands. An uncoordinated water molecule is found forming a triple bridge between these last two ligands and the coordinated water molecule. The magnetic measurements, recorded down to 2 K, shows a ferromagnetic interaction between V atoms located at neighboring layers, with a Curie-Weiss constant of 3.14 K. Such ferromagnetic behavior was interpreted as resulting from a superexchange interaction through the network of strong OH····OH2O, OH····NCN, and OH····ONO hydrogen bonds that connects neighboring layers. The interaction within the layer must be of antiferromagnetic nature and it was detected close to 2 K.

Primer registro de termiteros fósiles para el pleistoceno tardío de la región mesopotámica (Argentina): implicancias paleoambientales; First fossil termite nests from the late Pleistocene of the Mesopotamian region (Argentina): paleoenvironmental implications Erra, Georgina; Osterrieth, Margarita Luisa; Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Lutz, Alicia Isabel; Laffont, Enrique Rafael; Coronel, Juan M.; Francia, Analia En esta contribución se da a conocer el primer registro de termiteros fósiles para la región Mesopotámica de Argentina, y su disposición espacial, al tiempo que se discuten sus afinidades taxonómicas e implicancias paleoambientales. Las estructuras fósiles pertenecen a nidificaciones de insectos sociales atribuibles a miembros de la Familia Termitidae, y se ubican en la zona de contacto entre la base de la Fm. Toropí/Yupoí (Pleistoceno tardío) y el tope de la Fm. Ituzaingó (Mioceno tardío-Plioceno). Se las identifica en los alrededores del Arroyo Toropí (28°36? S y 59°02? W), Departamento Bella Vista, provincia de Corrientes. El estudio de las nidificaciones y su disposición espacial se realizó en cinco campos de termiteros mediante su relevamiento y descripción morfológica. La morfología de las estructuras estudiadas coincide claramente con la de los nidos de termitas, en donde resulta característica una fuerte muralla externa. La caracterización de campo, yacencia, desarrollo, frecuencia, tamaños e interrelaciones de los termiterosfósiles y actuales sugieren una estrecha similitud con montículos del género Cornitermes. La morfología presente muestra también cierta semejanza con Tacuruichnus farinai, descripta para el Piso/Edad Marplatense (Plioceno) de la región Pampeana. Por otro lado, el análisis fitolítico indicó que las cantidades y las morfologías fitolíticas son semejantes tanto en los termiteros actuales como en los fósiles. Desde un punto de vista paleoambiental, la abundancia de estos termiteros en el contacto entre las mencionadas unidades indicaría la existencia de suelos bien desarrollados, con abundante vegetación graminosa y condiciones húmedas y cálidas con estacionalidad marcada.; In this contribution we show the first termite nests fossil record presence from the Mesopotamian region of Argentina and its spatial distribution. At the same time taxonomic affinities and paleoenvironmental implications are discussed. The discovery takes place in the contact area between the base of the Toropí / Yupoí formations (late Pleistocene) and the top of the Ituzaingó Fm. (late Miocene-Pliocene), around the Toropí stream (28°36’ S y 59°02’ W), Bella Vista Department, Corrientes province. These fossil structures belong to nestings of social insects, such as the termite nests type. They could be attributable to representatives of the Termitidae Family. The study of nestings and their spatial arrangement was carried out on five termite nest fields, by surveying and detailed morphological description thereof. The morphology of the studied structures clearly matches with termite nests, with a typical strong outer wall. Characterization of field development, frequency, size and relationships of extant and fossil termite nests suggest a close similarity with mounds of the Cornitermes genus. Furthermore the morphology of these fossil termite nests also shows some resemblance to Tacuruichnus farinai, described for the Marplatanse Stage (Pliocene) of the Pampean region. From a paleoenvironmental point of view, the abundance of these termite nests in the contact between these units indicates the existence of well developed soils with abundant grassy vegetation and humid warm conditions with marked seasonality.

Convergence of constitutive photomorphogenesis 1 and phytochrome interacting factor signalling during shade avoidance Pacín, Manuel; Semmoloni, Mariana; Legris, Martina; Finlayson, Scott A.; Casal, Jorge José Shade-avoidance responses require CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (COP1) but the mechanisms of action of COP1 under shade have not been elucidated. Using simulated shade and control conditions, we analysed: the transcriptome and the auxin levels of cop1 and phytochrome interacting factor 1 (pif1) pif3 pif4 pif5 (pifq) mutants; the dynamics of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED (HFR1) proteins; and the epistatic relationships between cop1 and pif3, pif4, pif5, hy5 and hfr1 mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite severely impaired shade-avoidance responses, only a few genes that responded to shade in the wild-type failed to do so in cop1. Shade enhanced the convergence between cop1 and pifq transcriptomes, mainly on shade-avoidance marker genes. Shade failed to increase auxin levels in cop1. Residual shade avoidance in cop1 was not further reduced by the pif3, pif4 or pif5 mutations, suggesting convergent pathways. HFR1 stability decreased under shade in a COP1-dependent manner but shade increased HY5 stability. The cop1 mutant retains responses to shade and is more specifically impaired in shade avoidance. COP1 promotes the degradation of HFR1 under shade, thus increasing the ability of PIFs to control gene expression, increase auxin levels and promote stem growth.

Is the stellar system WR11 a gamma-ray source? Benaglia, Paula Many early-type stars are in systems; some of them have been indicated as putative high-energy emitters. The radiationwould be produced at the region where two stellar winds collide. Compelling evidence of such emission was found only for the colliding-wind binary (CWB) Eta Car, which was associated to a GeV source. Very recently, the closest CWB, WR 11, was proposed as a counterpart of a 6σ emission excess, measured with the Fermi LAT satellite. We sought evidence to support or reject the hypothesis that WR 11 is responsible of the gamma-ray excess. Archive radio interferometric data at 1.4 and 2.5 GHz taken with the Australia Telescope Compact Array along 16 dates were reduced. The sizes of the field-of-view at 2.5 GHz and of the central region of the Fermi LAT excess are alike. We analysed the emission of the WR 11 field, characterised the radio sources detected and derived their spectral indices, to investigate their nature. Eight sources with fluxes above 10 mJy were detected at both frequencies. All but one (WR 11) showed negative spectral indices. Four of them were identified with known objects, including WR 11. A fifth source, labeled here S6, is a promising candidate to produce gamma-ray emission, besides the CWB WR 11.

Culex pipiens development is greatly influenced by native bacteria and exogenous yeast Díaz Nieto, Leonardo Martín; D'alessio, Cecilia; Perotti, Maria Alejandra; Berón, Corina Marta Culex pipiens is the most cosmopolitan mosquito of the Pipiens Assemblage. By studying the nature of interactions between this species and microorganisms common to its breeding environment we can unravel important pitfalls encountered during development. We tested the survival rate of larval stages, pupae and adults of a Cx. pipiens colony exposed to a variety of microorganisms in laboratory conditions and assessed the transmission to offspring (F1) by those organisms that secured development up to adulthood. Three complementary experiments were designed to: 1) explore the nutritional value of yeasts and other microorganisms during Cx. pipiens development; 2) elucidate the transstadial transmission of yeast to the host offspring; and 3) to examine the relevance of all these microorganisms in female choice for oviposition- substratum. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae proved to be the most nutritional diet, but despite showing the highest survival rates, vertical transmission to F1 was never confirmed. In addition, during the oviposition trials, none of the gravid females was attracted to the yeast substratum. Notably, the two native bacterial strains, Klebsiella sp. and Aeromonas sp., were the preferred oviposition media, the same two bacteria that managed to feed neonates until molting into 2nd instar larvae. Our results not only suggest that Klebsiella sp. or Aeromonas sp. serve as attractants for oviposition habitat selection, but also nurture the most fragile instar, L1, to assure molting into a more resilient stage, L2, while yeast proves to be the most supportive diet for completing development. These experiments unearthed survival traits that might be considered in the future development of strategies of Cx. pipiens control. These studies can be extended to other members of the Pipiens Assemblage.

Three dimensional flow of liquid transfer between a cavity and a moving roll Campana, Diego Martin; Ubal, Sebastian; Giavedoni, Maria Delia; Saita, Fernando Adolfo; Carvalho, Marcio Gravure printing is one of the most promising technologies for high volume production of printed electronics and microscale films and devices. The characteristics of the printed pattern, i.e. ink volume, resolution and pattern placement (registration), are directly related to the fluid mechanics of the liquid transfer process from a cell to a substrate wrapped around a rotating roll; the liquid transfer is mainly controlled by free surfaces and dynamic contact lines. Most of the available analyses are restricted to axisymmetric flows, at which the relative motion between the cavity and the substrate is greatly simplified. Recent results have shown that the use of the complete description of the relative motion in a roll-to-roll process is critical to obtain accurate results on the amount of liquid that is transferred to the substrate. In this work we present an extension of the model describing liquid transfer from a groove to a substrate in a R2R process in order to consider the liquid transfer from a small individual cell; to this end we solve a full 3D free surface flow with moving contact lines. The results show that the liquid transfer dynamics is governed by two different characteristic time scales, one is associated with the contact line motion and the other with liquid filament breakup. Both are dependent on the capillary number. The predictions show how the volume, registration and shape of the printed dot varies with operating conditions and liquid properties. These predictions could be helpful in designing high precision printing operations.

Smart valve. Polymer actuator to moisture soil control Romero, Marcelo Ricardo; Wolfel, Alexis; Alvarez Igarzabal, Cecilia Ines The adequate use of water for irrigation in agriculture is a widespread concern. In this study, we developed an autonomous smart system consisting of a new hydrogel into a valve, which regulates the flow of water according to soil moisture. The main objective was to find an alternative to avoid waste of water. Yet, hydrogel development and study of the quantitative relationship between its properties and soil moisture were also important to achieve this aim. The hydrogel was synthesized from tris[(hydroxymethyl) methyl]acrylamide (NAT) copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and crosslinked with N, N´-methylene bis(acrylamide) (BIS). The use of cellulose (2% w/v) avoids hydrogel breakage during swelling-deswelling. The relation between swelling ratio, force of expansion and moisture was evaluated for the novel hydrogel. It was found that as soil moisture increases, the gel swells, while expansion force diminishes. These properties showed linear relationship in the range studied. The three-dimensional network formed by flexible chains has the attribute of exerting a great force when it expands (15 N for a hydrogel disc of 1 cm2). When the material was put in contact with the ground, it swelled and deswelled without breaking. The hydrogel within the valve was able to open and close the passage of water. The valve prototype was tested during four months with a plant. During this period, only three liters of irrigation water was used monthly, instead of about half a liter daily. Hence, an autonomous actuator capable of controlling soil moisture was developed based on a new hydrogel.

Modelos de orden, modelos de juego : Notas para una sociología del gusto religioso; Modelos de ordem, modelos de jogo : Notas para uma sociologia do gosto religioso; Order models, game models : Notes for a sociology of religious taste Algranti, Joaquin Maria El objetivo del presente artículo es explorar teóricamente el vínculo entre consumo y cultura material religiosa en dos direcciones complementarias. En el primer apartado, vamos a abordar la pregunta por los principios de orden que gobiernan la cultura material, así como su definición y aplicaciones al campo de las ciencias sociales de la religión en América Latina. En el segundo nos interesa problematizar las formas de pertenecer a un espacio de creencias -en donde conviven la idea de “lo verdadero”, “lo útil” y “lo bello”-, distinguiendo a su vez las formas populares e ilustradas del gusto en materia de espiritualidad. Finalmente, en las conclusiones vamos a proponer una comprensión del sistema de objetos que median la relación con los grupos religiosos en base a los modelos de orden y los modelos de juego que representan las mercancías.; O objetivo do presente artigo é explorar teoricamente o vínculo entre consumo e cultura material religiosa em duas direções complementares. Na primeira parte, abordaremos a pergunta pelos princípios de ordem que governam a cultura material, assim como sua definição e aplicações ao campo das ciências sociais da religião na América Latina. Na segunda parte, interessa-nos problematizar as formas de pertencer a um espaço de crenças - em que convivem a ideia de “o verdadeiro”, “o útil” e “o belo”-, distinguindo, por outro lado, as formas populares e ilustradas do gosto em matéria de espiritualidade. Finalmente, nas conclusões, vamos propor uma compreensão do sistema de objetos que mediam a relação com os grupos religiosos com base nos modelos de ordem e nos modelos de jogo que as mercadorias representam.; The aim of this paper is to explore, in theoretical terms, the link between consumption and religious material culture in two complementary directions. In the first part, we will tackle the question of the principles of order governing the material culture as well as its definition and applications to the social sciences of religion in Latin America. In the second we want to problematize the different ways of belonging to a space of belief -where the idea of “truth”, “useful” and “beauty” coexist -, distinguishing the illustrated and popular forms of taste in matters of spirituality. Finally, in the conclusions we will propose an understanding of the system of objects that mediate the relationship with religious groups through the acknowledgment of the models of order and play that suggest the goods.

Geochemistry of fluid discharges from Peteroa volcano (Argentina-Chile) in 2010-2015: Insights into compositional changes related to the fluid source region(s) Tassi, Franco; Aguilera, F.; Benavente, O.; Paonita, A.; Chiodini, Giovanni; Caliro, S.; Agusto, Mariano Roberto; Gutierrez, F.; Capaccioni, B.; Vaselli, O.; Caselli, Alberto Tomás; Saltori, O. This study presents the first geochemical data of fluid discharges collected from February 2010 to March 2015 from the Planchón–Peteroa–Azufre Volcanic Complex (PPAVC), located in the Transitional Southern Volcanic Zone (TSVZ) at the border between Argentina and Chile. During the study period, from January 2010 to July 2011, Peteroa volcano experienced phreatic to phreatomagmatic eruption possibly related to the devastating Maule earthquake occurred on February 27, 2010. The compositional dataset includes low temperature (from 43.2 to 102 °C) gas discharges from (i) the summit of Peteroa volcano and (ii) the SE flank of Azufre volcano, both marked by a significant magmatic fluid contribution, as well as bubbling gases located at the foothill of the Peteroa volcanic edifice, which showed a chemical signature typical of hydrothermal fluids. In 2012, strong compositional changes affected the Peteroa gases from the summit area: the acidic gas species, especially SO2, increased, suggesting an input of fluids from magma degassing. Nevertheless, the R/Ra and δ13C–CO2 values decreased, which would imply an enhanced contribution from a meteoric-hydrothermal source. In 2014–2015, the chemical and isotopic compositions of the 2010–2011 gases were partially restored. The anomalous decoupling between the chemical and the isotopic parameters was tentatively interpreted as produced by degassing activity from a small batch of dacitic magma that in 2012 masked the compositional signature of the magmatic fluids released from a basaltic magma that dominated the gas chemistry in 2010–2011. This explanation reliably justifies the observed geochemical data, although the mechanisms leading to the change in time of the dominating magmatic fluid source are not clear. At this regard, a geophysical survey able to provide information on the location of the two magma batches could be useful to clarify the possible relationships between the compositional changes that affected the Peteroa fluid discharges and the 2010–2011 eruptive activity.

Cytotoxic effects of natural and semisynthetic cucurbitacins on lung cancer cell line A549 Silva, Izabella T.; Geller, Fabiana Cristina; Persich, Lara; Dudek, Sabine E.; Lang, Karen L.; Caro, Miguel S. B.; Duran, Fernando Javier; Schenkel, Eloir P.; Ludwig, Stephan; Simoes, Cláudia M. O. Cucurbitacins and their derivatives are triterpenoids that are found in various plant families, and are known for their pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-cancer effects. Lung cancer represents a major public health problem, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most frequent and aggressive type of lung cancer. The objective of this work was to evaluate four cucurbitacins (CUCs) for their cytotoxic activity, effects on apoptosis induction, cell cycle progression, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive effects on the human NSCLC cell line (A549 cells). Our findings showed that these CUCs could suppress human NSCLC cell growth in vitro through their effects on the PI3Kinase and MAPK pathways, which lead to programmed cell death induction, as well as inhibition of cell migration and cell invasion. Additionally, these effects culminate in apoptosis induction and G2/M cell cycle arrest by modulating cyclin B1 expression, and in the mitigation of strategic steps of lung cancer metastasis, including migration and invasion of A549 cells. These results suggest that two natural (DDCB and CB) and two novel semisynthetic derivatives of cucurbitacin B (ACB and DBCB) could be considered as promising compounds with antitumor potential.

Comments and replies on the paper ‘Prediction of short fatigue crack growth of Ti–6Al–4 V’, FFEMS, 2014, 37, 1075–1086, by K. Wang, F. Wang, W. Cui, T. Hayat and B. Ahmad Chapetti, Mirco Daniel; Carr, Gustavo Eduardo