Primera detección de ondas gravitacionales; First detection of gravitational waves Moreschi, Osvaldo Mario Presentamos una breve descripción de la primera detección de ondas gravitacionales. Aprovechamos para comentar aspectos fundamentales de la relatividad general, incluyendo algunos antecedentes históricos. Se describe el funcionamiento básico de los detectores, como así también características principales de su construcción. Presentamos un estudio preliminar de la señal detectada en septiembre de 2015 por los observatorios de ondas gravitacionales LIGO.; We present a brief description on the first detection of gravitational waves. We take the opportunity to comment on fundamental aspects of general relativity, including some historical remarks. The basic operation of the gravitational wave detectors is presented, along with the main characteristics of its construction. We present a preliminary study of the signal detected on September of 2015 by the LIGO observatories of gravitational waves.

P-Sulfonic acid calix[4]arene-functionalized alkyl-bridged organosilica in esterification reactions De Assis, J. V.; Abranches, P. A. S.; Braga, I. B.; Portilla Zúñiga, Omar Miguel; Sathicq, Angel Gabriel; Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo; Sato, A. G.; Fernandes, S. A. Two new p-sulfonic acid calix[4]arene- and p-sulfonic acid calix[6]arene-functionalized organosilica have been synthesized using a sol-gel method and applied as heterogeneous catalysts in esterification reactions. The catalytic performance was evaluated using the esterification of carboxylic acids with ethanol, and good catalytic activity (i.e., 55-88%) was observed under the optimum reaction conditions. This study reports the first promising example of the successful employment of calix[n]arenes as a heterogeneous catalyst for catalytic esterification. The catalyst was easily separated by filtration and reused five times without any significant loss of activity.

Lógica de la gestión ambientalmente adecuada y patrón de desarrollo sustentable en América Latina: el tema emblemático de las políticas de residuos peligrosos en Argentina en los años 90; Logics of environmentally adequate management and the sustainable development pattern: the emblematic issue of the hazardous waste policies in Argentina in the 90´s Foa Torres, Jorge Gabriel Este trabajo presenta un análisis político-discursivo del proceso de ecologización experimentado por los mercados y Estados latinoamericanos durante la década de los 90 a través del estudio del tema emblemático de las políticas de gestión ambientalmente adecuada de residuos peligrosos en Argentina. La perspectiva en la que se inscribe este artículo es la del análisis posmarxista de políticas que busca poner énfasis en los momentos fundacionales de los procesos de significación implicados en las políticas públicas. Para la comprensión y crítica de tal proceso de ecologización, se identificó a la lógica de la gestión ambientalmente adecuada como categoría que permitió condensar un cúmulo de prácticas discursivas orientadas a: reducir al Estado a mero gestor del mercado, autorrestringir sus atribuciones soberanas y limitar su tarea en torno a los residuos peligrosos a la función registral en pos de favorecer a las estrategias de autocontrol empresarial. La explicación del problema de investigación construida a partir de la lógica de la gestión ambientalmente adecuada dio lugar, a su vez, a la identificación de una hipótesis explicativa central del proceso de ecologización de los años 90 en Argentina y América Latina: al desarrollo sustentable en tanto patrón de desarrollo y referencia de sentido central en la década a la hora de significar a los problemas ambientales y sus soluciones más adecuadas. La idea de patrón implica, en este caso, antes que cualquier pretendida intervención humanitaria-ecológica internacional para la protección técnica del entorno natural, la vía más adecuada para, por un lado, la radicalización de las condiciones estructuralmente heterogéneas de una economía periférica como la Argentina y, por otro, la profundización de las asimetrías entre los países del Norte y los del Sur así como también la transnacionalización del aparato productivo nacional.; This article presents a discursive-political analysis of the greening process experienced by the markets and Latin American States during the 90’s through the study of the emblematic issue of the environmentally sound management policies of hazardous waste in Argentina. The perspective of this article is the post-Marxist analysis of policies that seeks to put emphasis on the founding moments of significant processes involved in public policies. To understand and critique such greening process, it was necessary to identify the logic of the adequate environmentally sound management as a category that allowed condensing a cluster of discursive practices aimed at: reducing the State to mere market operator, self-restrict its sovereign powers, and limit its work around hazardous waste to the information recording function towards favoring strategies of business self-control. The explanation of the research problem constructed from the logic of the environmentally sound management led, in turn, to the identification of a central explanatory hypothesis of the greening process in the 90’s in Argentina and Latin America: sustainable development as development pattern and central reference point in the decade when it comes to signify environmental problems and their most adequate solutions. The idea of pattern implies in this case, rather than any supposed international humanitarian-ecological intervention for the technical protection of the natural environment, the most adequate, on one hand, for the radicalization of structurally heterogeneous conditions of peripheral economy such as the Argentinian economy and, on the other hand, to go deeper into the asymmetries between the North and South countries as well as the transnationalism of the national productive.

Identification of G protein coupled receptors for opsines and neurohormones in Rhodnius prolixus. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis Ons, Sheila; Lavore, Andres Esteban; Sterkel, Marcos; Wulff, Juan Pedro; Sierra, Ivana Samanta; Martínez Barnetche, Jesús; Rodriguez, Mario Henry; Rivera Pomar, Rolando The importance of Chagas disease motivated the scientific effort to obtain the complete genomic sequence of the vector species Rhodnius prolixus, this information is also relevant to the understanding of triatomine biology in general. The central nervous system is the key regulator of insect physiology and behavior. Neurohormones (neuropeptides and biogenic amines) are the chemical messengers involved in the regulation and integration of neuroendocrine signals. In insects, this signaling is mainly mediated by the interaction of neurohormone ligands with G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The recently sequenced R. prolixus genome provides us with the opportunity to analyze this important family of genes in triatomines, supplying relevant information for further functional studies. Next-generation sequencing methods offer an excellent opportunity for transcriptomic exploration in key organs and tissues in the presence of a reference genome as well as when a reference genome is not available. We undertook a genomic analysis to obtain a genome-wide inventory of opsines and the GPCRs for neurohormones in R. prolixus. Furthermore, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of R. prolixus central nervous system, focusing on neuropeptide precursor genes and neurohormone and opsines GPCRs. In addition, we mined the whole transcriptomes of Triatoma dimidiata, Triatoma infestans and Triatoma pallidipennis - three sanitary relevant triatomine species - to identify neuropeptide precursors and GPCRs genes. Our study reveals a high degree of sequence conservation in the molecular components of the neuroendocrine system of triatomines.

Inhibitory effect and cell damage on bacterial flora of fish caused by chitosan, nisin and sodium lactate Schelegueda, Laura Inés; Zalazar, Aldana Lourdes; Gliemmo, María Fernanda; Campos, Carmen Adriana The effect of the combined use of chitosan, nisin and sodium lactate on the growth of Listeria innocua, Shewanella putrefaciens and psychrophilic bacteria isolated from fish was investigated in broth by means of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Furthermore, the sites of cell-injury caused by mentioned antimicrobials and their combinations on L. innocua and S. putrefaciens were studied. MIC of antimicrobial mixtures were evaluated by Berembaum design and check board method. Antimicrobials' sites of injury were investigated by the evaluation of cell constituents' release, cell surface hydrophobicity and differential scanning calorimetry. Results depended on antimicrobial used; several combinations inhibited the growth of L. innocua and S. putrefaciens and all combinations inhibited psychrophilic bacteria. Besides, some mixtures showed synergistic effects. All the mixtures affected ribosomes and DNA of the studied bacteria. Regarding cellular envelope, antimicrobials acted according to the structural characteristics of target microorganisms. Cell damage was higher when antimicrobials were combined, which could explain the observed synergistic effects. This study demonstrates and justifies the synergistic action of chitosan, nisin and sodium lactate on the inhibition of microorganisms related to fish spoilage and remarks the promissory use of the synergic combination of antimicrobials for fish preservation.

Oxidative stress, HDL functionality and effects of intravenous iron administration in women with iron deficiency anemia Meroño, Tomás; Dauteuille, Carolane; Tetzlaff, Walter Francisco; Martín, Maximiliano; Botta, Eliana Elizabeth; Lhomme, Marie; Saez, María Soledad; Sorroche, Patricia Beatriz; Boero, Laura Estela; Arbelbide, Jorge; Chapman, M. John; Kontush, Anatol; Brites, Fernando Daniel Background and aimsIron deficiency anemia (IDA) affects around 20?30% of adults worldwide. An association between IDA and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported. Oxidative stress, inflammation and low concentration of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were implicated on endothelial dysfunction and CVD in IDA. We studied the effects of iron deficiency and of an intravenous iron administration on oxidative stress and HDL characteristics in IDA women.MethodsTwo studies in IDA women are presented: a case-control study, including 18 patients and 18 age-matched healthy women, and a follow-up study 72hr after the administration of intravenous iron (n = 16). Lipids, malondialdehyde, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and HDL chemical composition and functionality (cholesterol efflux and antioxidative activity) were measured. Cell cholesterol efflux from iron-deficient macrophages to a reference HDL was also evaluated.ResultsIDA patients showed higher triglycerides and CETP activity and lower HDL-C than controls (all p < 0.001). HDL particles from IDA patients showed higher triglyceride content (+30%,p < 0.05) and lower antioxidative capacity (−23%,p < 0.05). Although HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux was similar between the patients and controls, iron deficiency provoked a significant reduction in macrophage cholesterol efflux (−25%,p < 0.05). Arylesterase activity of PON-1 was significantly lower in IDA patients than controls (−16%,p < 0.05). The intravenous administration of iron was associated with a decrease in malondialdehyde levels and an increase in arylesterase activity of PON-1 (−22% and +18%, respectively, p < 0.05).ConclusionIDA is associated with oxidative stress and functionally deficient HDL particles. It remains to be determined if such alterations suffice to impair endothelial function in IDA.

Maize and cover crop sequence in the Pampas: Effect of fertilization and water stress on the fate of nitrogen Rimsky Korsakov Helena; Zubillaga, Marta Susana; Landriscini, María Rosa; Lavado, Raul Silvio Cover crops are well known for their positive effects on erosion processes, soil organicmatter, soil physical properties, weed populations and nitrate leaching. In this work, weevaluated the fate of nitrogen (N) from fertilizer in maize (Zea mays) and then inryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) as cover crop, in the conditions of the Argentine Pampas.To this end, a field experiment was carried out at the School of Agriculture, Universityof Buenos Aires, Argentina (34°36´ S, 58°29´ W). The design of the experiment was afactorial with three replications. We applied to maize 2 levels of N (0 and 140 kg N ha-1(125 lb N ac-1) (ammonium nitrate target with 15N) and two levels of water (50 and100% of crop evapotranspiration). 15N was determined in both the soil and plants.Maize plants and the soil organic fraction were the main sinks of fertilizer N, dependingon the water treatment. The N from fertilizer remaining as nitrates in the soil (0 to 1.50m [0 to 4.92 ft] depth) at maize harvest was 8% in plots subjected to water stresscompared to 3% in the non-water stressed. Nitrogen losses due to volatilization wereminor. Total N (soil and fertilizer) accumulated in ryegrass tissues plus nitratesremaining in the soil were higher in cover crop plots than in bare soil (130 vs. 51 kg Nha-1 [116 vs. 45.5 lb N ac-1]). The N in the soil organic matter originating from fertilizersignificantly decreased between maize harvest and cover crop harvest. This soilorganic N that originated from fertilizer mineralized at high rate (around 47% in 6months), suggesting it was in more labile. This mineralized N can be subjected topotential losses during following months.

Physicochemical Properties and Proposed Mechanism in the Obtainment of 4-Hidroxycoumarin Conjugated Polymers Using MALDI-Tof Analysis Garro, Hugo Alejandro; Tonn, Carlos Eugenio The mechanism for the poly-condensation event of conjugated polymers with ending 4-hydroxycoumarin has been proposed. It happened under H2SO4 acidic conditions only using enolic-coumarins without any substituent at third position. It was studied using Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-Tof) mass spectrometry. Besides, some physicochemical properties were analyzed using Thermo-gravimetric (TGA), X-ray and UV-Vis analysis.

Editorial: Wet and dry periods in regions surrounding the Atlantic Ocean Basin Drumond, Anita; Rodriguez Fonseca, Belen; Reason, Chris; Solman, Silvina Alicia The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. It is bounded by the continents of America, Europe, and Africa and at its polewards margins by the Arctic and the Southern Oceans. Different climatic patterns can be observed along its large latitudinal domain, which extends from the equator to sub-polar regions. Thus, different tropical and extra-tropical meteorological systems may have some influence on the characterization of precipitation regimes observed surrounding the basin, such as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), tropical monsoon systems, westerly storm tracks, and atmospheric rivers. The subtropical regions of the Azores and South Atlantic high pressure systems are large evaporative areas which act as important moisture sources for the adjacent continents. Variations in the oceanic characteristics may influence the moisture transport toward the neighboring landmasses and alter the precipitation. The influence of climatic variability modes manifest not only over the Atlantic Ocean, but also over other oceanic regions, may also interact with the regional hydrological budget, thereby generating long periods of drought, or excessive precipitation over the Atlantic rim landmasses.

Spatial image compounding applied to a phase coherence corrected UT-PA technique for inspecting nuclear components of coarse-grained structure Brizuela, Jose David; Katchadjian, Pablo Esteban; Garcia, Alejandro; Desimone, Carlos The aim of this work is to obtain a C-Scan view of an austenitic stainless steel weld from a nuclear use pipe. In order to obtain this result Sectorial Scans (S-Scan) from both sides of the weld are obtained by Ultrasonic Phase Array (UT-PA). Then, spatial image compounding is performed to generate a single image from the S-Scans acquired at the same circumferential position of the transducer. These joints have a coarse grain structure which significantly reduce the transmission of the ultrasonic wave due to attenuation characteristics and backscattered noise from microstructures inside the material. For this reason, phase coherence imaging technique has been also applied to reduce the structural noise and improve the image quality. To verify detected defects, and given the impossibility of cutting the component, gammagraphy were performed with Co60.

Legislative Knowledge Networks, Status Quo Complexity, and the Approval of Law Initiatives Bonvecchi, Alejandro; Calvo, Ernesto F.; Stein, Ernesto In this article, we explore the role of legislative knowledge networks (LKN) in the enactment of tax policy in Argentina. Findings show that legislative innovation follows a hierarchical (power law) structure with a few distinct issue areas dominated by key enacted bills. Taxation in Argentina is well described by three main issue areas: the VAT laws, the income tax, and the revenue-sharing legislation. We provide evidence that complexity in the status quo, as described by a larger number of important precedent laws, reduces the likelihood of final approval. Our research departs from existing models of delegation by considering complexity in the status quo rather than complexity in the proposal. We argue that more complex status quo should be accounted for when trying to assess whether legislators draft more or less detailed law initiatives.

WDR45 mutations in Rett (-like) syndrome and developmental delay: Case report and an appraisal of the literature Hoffjan, Sabine; Ibisler, Aysegül; Tschentscher, Anne; Dekomien, Gabriele; Bidinost, Carla; Rosa, Alberto Luis Mutations in the WDR45 gene have been identified as causative for the only X-linked type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), clinically characterized by global developmental delay in childhood, followed by a secondary neurological decline with parkinsonism and/or dementia in adolescence or early adulthood. Recent reports suggest that WDR45 mutations are associated with a broader phenotypic spectrum. We identified a novel splice site mutation (c.440-2 A > G) in a 5-year-old Argentinian patient with Rett-like syndrome, exhibiting developmental delay, microcephaly, seizures and stereotypic hand movements, and discuss this finding, together with a review of the literature. Additional patients with a clinical diagnosis of Rett (-like) syndrome were also found to carry WDR45 mutations before (or without) clinical decline or signs of iron accumulation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This information indicates that WDR45 mutations should be added to the growing list of genetic alterations linked to Rett-like syndrome. Further, clinical symptoms associated with WDR45 mutations ranged from early-onset epileptic encephalopathy in a male patient with a deletion of WDR45 to only mild cognitive delay in a female patient, suggesting that analysis of this gene should be considered more often in patients with developmental delay, regardless of severity. The increasing use of next generation sequencing technologies as well as longitudinal follow-up of patients with an early diagnosis will help to gain additional insight into the phenotypic spectrum associated with WDR45 mutations.

Adsorption and mobility of glyphosate in different soils under no-till and conventional tillage Okada, Elena; Costa, Jose Luis; Bedmar, Francisco Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) is a post-emergence, non-selective, foliar herbicide. Around 200 million. liters of this herbicide are applied every year in Argentina, where the main agricultural practice is no-till (NT), accounting for 78.5% of the cultivated land. In this work, we studied the adsorption of glyphosate in different soils under long-term management (more than 16 years) of NT and conventional tillage (CT). Samples were taken from different regions of Argentina corresponding to: Paraná soil (PAR), a silty clay loam soil (< 37% clay), Manfredi (MAN) and Pergamino (PER), both silty loam soils (< 26% clay). We found that the adsorption was very high in all the soils, and it was particularly influenced by the soil clay content and CEC and negatively related to pH and phosphorus. In general, the adsorption coefficient (Kf) was higher in the CT samples. We also studied the vertical transport of glyphosate in undisturbed columns (15 cm long) and compared the effect of NT and CT. Less than 0.24% of the applied pesticide leached in all soils. No significant difference was found between the total amount of leached glyphosate between soils or tillage practice. The highest glyphosate concentration (67.53% of the initially applied doses) was found in the top 5 cm of the columns. The strong retention of glyphosate to the soil matrix, as confirmed by the high Kf values obtained in the isotherm studies, was the dominant factor influencing glyphosate mobility through the soil profile.

Entre lo público y lo privado: Empleadores y trabajadoras domésticas frente al Tribunal del Trabajo Doméstico de la ciudad de Buenos Aires; Between the public and the private worlds: Employers and domestic workers before the Council of Domestic Workin Buenos Aires Pérez, Inés; Canevaro, Santiago El servicio doméstico ocupa un lugar ambiguo entre los mundos público y privado. Desarrollado en el interior de los hogares de los empleadores, da lugar a relaciones en las que lo laboral y lo afectivo están imbricados. Los juicios laborales entre empleadores y trabajadoras domésticas constituyen un escenario privilegiado para observar el solapamiento de estas dimensiones. Si las demandas de las trabajadoras frente a las instituciones de justicia sitúan esta relación en el mundo público, las respuestas de los empleadores muchas veces buscan resituarlas en el orden privado. Por otra parte, en algunos escenarios, las demandas de las trabajadoras son también expresadas en un lenguaje que remite a lo privado. En este artículo analizamos las lógicas de la confl ictividad judicial establecidas en las estrategias de empleadores y trabajadoras frente al Tribunal del Trabajo Doméstico (TTD), un organismo creado en 1956 para atender los confl ictos individuales que derivan de las relaciones de trabajo de este sector en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Tomamos dos horizontes temporales caracterizados por cambios en la regulación del trabajo, en general, y del servicio doméstico, en particular: el de los primeros años de funcionamiento del TTD y el cambio de siglo.; Domestic service occupies an ambiguous place between the public and private worlds. Performed inside the employers’ homes, it gives place to relationships in which labor and affection are intertwined. The labor lawsuits between employers and domestic workers are a privileged stage to watch the overlap of these dimensions. While the demands of the workers before the institutions of justice put these relationships in the public world, the responses of employers often seek to resituate them in the private domain. Moreover, in some scenarios, the demands of the workers were also expressed in a language that refers to the private sphere. This article analyzes the logics of judicial confl icts in the strategies of employers and workers before the Council of Domestic Work (TTD), an institution created in 1956 to address individual disputes arising from employment relations in this sector in the city of Buenos Aires. We take two time horizons characterized by changes in labor regulation in general terms and, particularly, in domestic service: the early years of the TTD and the turn of the twentieth century.

Consumo de alcohol y su relación con la autopercepción adolescente; Alcohol consumption and its relationship with the adolescent self-perception Calero, Alejandra Daniela; Schmidt, Vanina Ines; Bugallo, Lucía Resumen. a) Fundamentación. El consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia representa un problema de salud pública prioritario dada su prevalencia en este grupo etario. Asimismo, las autopercepciones han mostrado tener una gran importancia para el desarrollo adolescente. b) Objetivos. Estudiar la relación entre la cantidad y frecuencia de consumo de alcohol y los dominios del autoconcepto y la autoestima durante la adolescencia. c) Metodología. Participaron 397 adolescentes escolarizados de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, quienes respondieron el Cuestionario Consumo –Frecuencia- CEEA (consumo episódico excesivo de alcohol) y el Perfil de Autopercepción. d) Resultados. Los adolescentes que indicaron un mejor autoconcepto en atractivo amoroso consumen más cantidad de alcohol y con más frecuencia. Se encontraron diferencias en los resultados en función del grado de escolaridad de los adolescentes y también en función del sexo. Asimismo, se hallaron diferencias en distintos dominios del autoconcepto entre abstinentes y consumidores moderados con CEEA. e) Conclusión. Las conclusiones derivadas del presente estudio podrían interpretarse considerando el estereotipo adolescente imperante, y la naturalización y tolerancia social respecto del consumo, todos aspectos del contexto social en el que los adolescentes se desarrollan y construyen el concepto de sí.

REGISTRO DE NIDIFICACIÓN DEL MACÁ GRIS (Tachybaptus dominicus) EN SANTA FE, ARGENTINA Lorenzón, Rodrigo Ezequiel; Antoniazzi, C.E.; Beltzer, A. El Macá Gris (Tachybaptus dominicus) se distribuye desde el sur de Estados Unidos y las Antillas Mayores hasta el centro-norte de Argentina y sur de Uruguay. En Argentina es considerado escaso o raro por la mayoría de los autores . En Argentina, el área reproductiva del Macá Gris es poco conocida debido a la escasa evidencia documentada en los trabajos que mencionan su presencia. La especie nidificaría en las provincias del norte: Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Formosa y Chaco, la Mesopotamia: Corrientes, Entre Ríos y Misiones, y recientemente fue hallado nidificando en provincia de Buenos Aires. En Santa Fe cuenta con escasas observaciones y su estatus es desconocido. En esta nota presentamos algunas observaciones de una pareja de Macá Gris que nidificó en la localidad de Monte Vera, provincia de Santa Fe.

Communication: Isotopic effects on tunneling motions in the water trimer Videla, Pablo Ernesto; Rossky, Peter J.; Laria, Daniel Hector We present results of ring polymer molecular dynamics simulations that shed light on the effects of nuclear quantum fluctuations on tunneling motions in cyclic [H2O]3 and [D2O]3, at the representative temperature of T = 75 K. In particular, we focus attention on free energies associated with two key isomerization processes: The first one corresponds to flipping transitions of dangling OH bonds, between up and down positions with respect to the O-O-O plane of the cluster; the second involves the interchange between connecting and dangling hydrogen bond character of the H-atoms in a tagged water molecule. Zero point energy and tunneling effects lead to sensible reductions of the free energy barriers. Due to the lighter nature of the H nuclei, these modifications are more marked in [H2O]3 than in [D2O]3. Estimates of the characteristic time scales describing the flipping transitions are consistent with those predicted based on standard transition-state-approximation arguments.

Home at last: The enigmatic genera Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon (Compositae, Mutisioideae, Mutisieae, Adenocaulinae) Funk, Vicki A.; Pasini, Eduardo; Bonifacino, J. Mauricio; Katinas, Liliana The genera Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon (Compositae) have distinct but complex histories and both have been placed in a number of tribes across the family. For the first time the two genera are included in a molecular study and the results show that they are best placed in the tribe Mutisieae s.s. and are the only genera in the re-instated subtribe Adenocaulinae. When described, this subtribe contained only Adenocaulon and was found in the Inuleae. The study also confirms one of the conclusions of a recent morphological study that Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon are sister taxa. Past difficulties in tribal assignment are attributed to the distinct and unusual morphology of each genus. Both genera and the subtribe are described and a key to separate the genera is provided.

Microglia and astrocyte activation in the frontal cortex of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Chanaday Ricagni, Natalí Luján; Roth, German Alfredo Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used animal model for the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating and neurodegenerative pathology of the central nervous system. Both diseases share physiopathological and clinical characteristics, mainly associated with a neuroinflammatory process that leads to a set of motor, sensory, and cognitive symptoms. In MS, gray matter atrophy is related to the emergence of cognitive deficits and contributes to clinical progression. In particular, injury and dysfunction in certain areas of the frontal cortex (FrCx) have been related to the development of cognitive impairments with high incidence, like central fatigue and executive dysfunction. In the present work we show the presence of region-specific microglia and astrocyte activation in the FrCx, during the first hours of acute EAE onset. It is accompanied by the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, in the absence of detectable leukocyte infiltration. These findings expand previous studies showing presynaptic neural dysfunction occurring at the FrCx and might contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the genesis and prevalence of common MS symptoms.

Synergism in the desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil models by mixed surfactant solutions Sales, Pablo Sebastián; Fernández, Mariana Adela This study investigates the effect of a mixed surfactant system on the desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil model systems. The interaction of a non-ionic surfactant, Tween 80, and an anionic one, sodium laurate, forming mixed micelles, produces several beneficial effects, including reduction of adsorption onto solid of the non-ionic surfactant, decrease in the precipitation of the fatty acid salt, and synergism to solubilize PAHs from solids compared with individual surfactants.