Freud como lector de Nietzsche. La influencia de Nietzsche en la obra de Freud Drivet, Leandro Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la comprensión de la índole de la influencia del pensamiento nietzscheano en la obra de Freud. Para cumplir con este objetivo se realiza un análisis exhaustivo de los textos de Nietzsche y de Freud, se analizan las respectivas biografías, y se revisa la bibliografía especializada en los vínculos entre ambos autores. Con base en las evidencias recogidas, el artículo concluye formulando una reflexión que elabora la compleja relación de Freud con Nietzsche bajo el concepto de lo ominoso, concepto clave para comprender la historia y la deriva del pensamiento freudiano; This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the nature of the influence of Nietzsche’s thought in the work of Freud. To meet this objective a thorough analysis of the texts of Nietzsche and Freud is done, the respective biographies are examined and the specialized bibliography about the links between the two authors is reviewed. Based on the evidence gathered, we conclude with a reflection that deals with the complex relationship of Freud to Nietzsche from the concept of the abominable, which is key to understand the history and drift of Freudian thought.

Representaciones de género y juventud en el discurso radiofónico: Andro-Hetero-Sexismo Comunicacional Mediatizado sobre las y los jóvenes; Representations of gender and youth in the radio address : andro-heteromediated on communicative sexism and youth Morales, Paula Alicia Este artículo presenta un enfoque de investigación sociodiscursiva aplicada a los medios de comunicación. La metodología de análisis es de carácter cualitativa y se inscribe en la intersección entre los Estudios de Género, los Estudios de Juventud, y los de Comunicación, para analizar los modos de aparición de lo juvenil, desde las condiciones de enunciación de un medio muy poco estudiado: la radio. En el mismo nos proponemos entender las particulares modalizaciones que ejercen los medios de comunicación (en particular la radio) sobre las representaciones juveniles —desde una perspectiva de género—, entendiendo la juventud como una dimensión particular de análisis en esta red semiótica de violencias mediáticas, mediante un análisis del discurso radiofónico emitido por Radio LV3 y Radio Nacional Córdoba durante las segundas mañanas (8 a 12 hs) del 21 de septiembre de 2011 (“Día del Estudiante” y “Día de la Primavera”).; This paper presents an approach to applied research sociodiscursiva media. The analysis methodology is qualitative in nature and it´s part of the intersection between gender studies, Youth Studies, and Communication, to discuss ways of developing the youth, since the conditions of enunciation of an average little studied: the radio. In the same we intend to understand the modalizations individuals exercising the media (especially radio) on youth representation –from the perspective of genre–, understanding youth as a particular dimension of this semiotic analysis of media violence network , by analyzing the radio speech broadcast by Radio National Radio LV3 and Cordoba during the second morning ( 8-12 hours) of September 21, 2011 (Sstudent Day “ and “Day of Spring”) .

Holographic p-wave Superconductor with Disorder Arean, Daniel; Pando Zayas, Leopoldo; Salazar, Ignacio; Scardicchio, Antonello We implement the effects of disorder on a holographic p-wave superconductor by introducing a random chemical potential which defines the local energy of the charge carriers. Since there are various possibilities for the orientation of the vector order parameter, we explore the behaviour of the condensate in the parallel and perpendicular directions to the introduced disorder. We clarify the nature of various branches representing competing solutions and construct the disordered phase diagram. We find that moderate disorder enhances superconductivity as determined by the value of the condensate. Though we mostly focus on uncorrelated noise, we also consider a disorder characterized by its spectral properties and study in detail its influence on the spectral properties of the condensate and charge density. We find fairly universal responses of the resulting power spectra characterized by linear functions of the disorder power spectrum.

P-selectin promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation in mice Etulain, Julia; Martinod, Kimberly; Wong, Siu Ling; Cifuni, Stephen M.; Schattner, Mirta Ana; Wagner, Denisa D. Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)canbereleased in thevasculature. Inaddition totrapping microbes, they promote inflammatory and thrombotic diseases. Considering that P-selectin induces prothrombotic and proinflammatory signaling, we studied the role of this selectin in NETformation.NETformation(NETosis)wasinducedbythrombin-activated platelets rosetting with neutrophils and was inhibited by anti-P-selectin aptamer or anti-P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) inhibitory antibody but was not induced by platelets from P-selectin2/2 mice. Moreover, NETosis was also promoted by P-selectinimmunoglobulin fusion protein butnotby control immunoglobulin.We isolatedneutrophils frommice engineered tooverproduce soluble P-selectin (P-selectinDCT/DCT mice). Although the levels of circulating DNA and nucleosomes (indicative of spontaneous NETosis) were normal in these mice, basal neutrophil histone citrullination and presence of P-selectin on circulating neutrophils were elevated. NET formationafter stimulationwithplatelet activatingfactor, ionomycin,orphorbol 12-myristate 13-acetatewassignificantlyenhanced, indicating that the P-selectinDCT/DCT neutrophils were primed for NETosis. In summary, P-selectin, cellular or soluble, through binding to PSGL-1, promotes NETosis, suggesting that this pathway is a potential therapeutic target for NET-related diseases.

The Parkinson-associated human P5B-ATPase ATP13A2 protects against the iron-induced cytotoxicity Rinaldi, Debora Eugenia; Corradi, Gerardo Raul; Martinez Cuesta, Lucia; Adamo, Hugo Pedro; de Tezanos Pinto, Felicitas P-type ion pumps are membrane transporters that have been classified into five subfamilies termed P1-P5. The ion transported by the P5-ATPases is not known. Five genes named ATP13A1-ATP13A5 that belong to the P5-ATPase group are present in humans. Loss of function mutations in the ATP13A2 gene (PARK9, OMIM 610513) underlay a form of Parkinson?s disease (PD) known as Kufor Rakeb Syndrome (KRS), which belongs to the group of syndromes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Here we report that the cytotoxicity induced by iron exposure was two-fold reduced in CHO cells stably expressing the ATP13A2 recombinant protein (ATP13A2). Moreover, the iron content in ATP13A2 cells was lower than control cells stably expressing an inactive mutant of ATP13A2. ATP13A2 expression caused an enlargement of lysosomes and late endosomes. ATP13A2 cells exhibited a reduced iron-induced lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP). These results suggest that ATP13A2 overexpression improves the lysosome membrane integrity and protects against the iron-induced cell damage.

Ecotoxicity studies of antifungal metabolites of Bacillus sp. IBA 33; Estudios de Ecotoxicidad de metabolítos antifúngicos de Bacillus sp. IBA 33 Gordillo, M. A.; Gómez, Rocio Liliana; Navarro, Antonio Roberto; Maldonado, Maria Cristina Abstract: The increments of plant diseases caused by theproliferation of fungicide-resistant pathogens intensified theresearch of new active metabolites against them. The study ofbiological methods as an alternative to chemical control has reachrelevance in recent years. It has been suggested that the use ofmetabolites from Bacillus, is an alternative or supplementarymethod to chemical plant protection, if they are not toxic for theconsumers and environmentally friendly. The toxicity of differentconcentrations of antifungal metabolites produced by Bacillus sp.IBA 33 was evaluated. Their ability to induce cytotoxic effects wasinvestigated by different tests as hemolysis, and Artemia salina andAllium cepa L immobilization. With 2.56 mg/ml of antifungalmetabolites hemolysis reached 24.07%, to 1.28 mg/ml was 14%.HC50 was 10.41 mg/ml. A. salina nauplii exposed to 3.2, 1.6 and 0.8mg/ml of antifungal metabolites showed 80, 20 and 10% of mortalityrespectively; LD50 was 2.24 mg/ml. In Allium cepa L test after 72 hof treatment, the roots lengths were 8.75, 10.35 and 23.75 mm with3.2, 1.6 and 0.8 mg/ml of antifungal metabolites respectively. TheEC50 was 0.078 mg/ml. After 144 h the EC50 was 4.11 mg/ml. Onlywith 3.2 mg/ml of metabolites, chromosomal aberrations, cytoplasmvacuolization and decentralization of nuclei were observed in thecells of Allium cepa L. No micronuclei were detected. Under theexperimental conditions, the antifungal metabolites concentrationsassayed are considered non toxic.; El incremento de enfermedades de plantas causado por la proliferación de patógenos resistentes a fungicidas intensificó la investigación de nuevos metabolitos activos contra ellos. El estudio de métodos biológicos como una alternativa al control químico ha alcanzado relevancia en años recientes. Se ha sugerido que el uso de metabolitos de Bacillus, es una alternativa o un método suplementario a la protección química de las plantas, siempre y cuando ellos no sean tóxicos para los consumidores y sean amigables para el medio ambiente. Se ha evaluado la toxicidad de diferentes concentraciones de metabolitos antifúngicos producidos por Bacillus sp. IBA33. Se investigó su capacidad para inducir efectos citotóxicos mediante diferentes tests como hemólisis e inmovilización de Artemia salina y Allium cepa L. Con 2.56 mg/ml de metabolitos antifúngicos la hemólisis alcanzó 24.07%, para 1.28 mg/ml fue 14%. La HC50 fue 10.41 mg/ml. Nauplios de Artemia salina expuestos a 3.2; 1.6 y 0.8 mg/ml de metabolitos antifúngicos mostraron 80; 20 y 10% de mortalidad respectivamente después de 24 h de tratamiento; la LD50 fue 2.24 mg/ml. En el test de Allium cepa L después de 72 h de tratamiento, la longitud de las raíces fueron 8.75; 10.35 y 23.75 mm con 3.2; 1.6 y 0.8 mg/ml de metabolitos antifúngicos respectivamente, con una EC50 de 0.078 mg/ml. Después de 144 h la EC50 fue 4.11 mg/ml. Solamente con 3.2 mg/ml de metabolitos fueron observadas aberraciones cromosómicas, vacualización y descentralización de los núcleos en las células de Allium cepa L. No se observaron micronúcleos. Bajo las condiciones experimentales, las concentraciones de metabolitos antifúngicos ensayadas son consideradas no tóxicas.

Escuchando música en el transporte público: sobre usos de la telefonía móvil por parte de jóvenes; Escutando música no transporte público: sobre usos da telefonia móvel por parte de jovens; Listening music on the public transport: about uses of movile phones by young people Murolo, Norberto Leonardo El objeto de estudio del presente trabajo se focaliza en los usos de la telefonía móvil como reproductor musical en el espacio público. Esta práctica es comúnmente estilizada por jóvenes de sectores populares, quienes escuchan cumbia o reggaeton con altavoces y sin auriculares. Esta apropiación tecnológica es generalmente combatida por sus pares, la cultura adulta, inclusive por los licenciatarios del transporte público de pasajeros que piden que no se haga. De ello que comience a haber leyes que prohíben usar reproductores musicales sin auriculares en el transporte público. En ese contexto, proponemos analizar el fenómeno desde una perspectiva cualitativa asentada en entrevistas con jóvenes y observaciones. De ellas se desprende que no se trata solamente de la molestia que causa el ruido sino que las críticas se desplazan al género musical que estos jóvenes escuchan y de allí a una fuerte presencia de discriminación de clase.; O presente trabalho tem como foco os usos da telefonia móvel como reprodutora musical em espaços públicos. Esta prática é comumente produzida por jovens de setores populares, que escutam cumbia ou reggaeton em volume alto e sem fones de ouvido. Esta apropriação tecnológica é geralmente combatida por seus pares, a cultura adulta, inclusive por profissionais e usuários do transporte público que pedem para que não se pratique. Desse modo, começam a haver leis que proíbem o uso de reprodutores musicais sem fones de ouvido no transporte público. Nesse contexto, propomos analisar o fenômeno a partir de uma perspectiva qualitativa, baseada em entrevistas com jovens e observações. Verifica-se que não se trata somente do incômodo que causa esse tipo de ruído, mas de críticas sobre o gênero musical que esses jovens escutam e, então, de uma forte presença de discriminação de classe.; The study object of this paper focuses on the use of mobile phones as a music player in public space. This practice is commonly observed in youth of popular sectors, who listen cumbia and reggaeton with speakers without headphones. This technological appropriation is generally opposed by their peers, adult culture, including by users of public transport of passengers who are not asked about being disturbed by the noise. There are laws prohibiting the use of music players without headphones in public transport. In this context, we propose to analyze the phenomenon from a qualitative perspective based on interviews with young and observations. Of these it appears that there is another issue beyond just the annoyance caused by noise: the criticism towards the music genre that these young people use to listen related with a strong presence of class discrimination.

Vida de los poetas argentinos, 1: El lugar del paraíso. Hugo Gola Monteleone, Jorge Jose Inspirado en la noción que Roland Barthes propone en Sollers écrivain (Paris, Seuil, 1979) “critique affectueuse”, que “incluye en la lectura de un texto el conocimiento que podamos tener de su autor”, propongo un ensayo de crítica afectiva, basado en el conocimiento personal y amistoso de diez poetas argentinos. La poesía no sólo como indicio de la vida sino también la vida como efecto textual –documento, memoria, cuerpo, espacio, hábito, oralidad, familiaridad–, a través de ensayos donde concurran la entrevista y la crítica, la semblanza y la crónica, la interpretación y el relato. Este texto es el primero de la serie, referido al poeta Hugo Gola, en las ciudades de México DF y de Santa Fe, entre 2010 y 2012.; Inspired by the notion proposed by Roland Barthes in Sollers écrivain (Paris, Seuil, 1979), “affectionate criticism,” a reading of texts which "must include any knowledge the critic may have of the writer as a person," I propose an essay in affectionate criticism based on my personal closeness and friendship with ten Argentinean poets. Not only will poetry be considered as an index of life, but life itself will be taken as a textual effect –as document, memory, body, space, custom, orality, familiarity–, in essays where interview and criticism, vignette and chronicle, interpretation and narrative are mixed together. This text is the first of a series, and it is dedicated to the analysis of poet Hugo Gola, in the cities of México, DF, and Santa Fe, in the years 2010-2012.

Vínculos familiares, auto-etnografía y construcción de conocimiento en un contexto de apropiación musical: de Dyango a la cumbia villera Silba, Malvina Leonor ¿Se puede construir conocimiento desde las experiencias sensibles? ¿En qué medida se vinculan las elecciones de nuestros objetos de estudio con nuestras propias trayectorias biográficas? ¿Hasta qué punto nuestros gustos musicales están moldeados por las músicas heredadas de nuestro entorno familiar inmediato? ¿De qué forma condicionan o habilitan nuestras indagaciones la cercanía con el objeto de estudio seleccionado? Tomando estos interrogantes como disparadores, lo que sigue constituye una breve reflexión en torno al trabajo de campo que realicé entre 2006 y 2009 para mi Tesis Doctoral (Silba 2011), puntualizando dos aspectos centrales: por un lado, los vínculos con los "nativos" con quienes compartí esta experiencia etnográfica; y por el otro, las relaciones intergeneracionales en la construcción de gustos musicales propios y heredados.

Estimating Intelligence in Spanish: Regression Equations with the Word Accentuation Test and Demographic Variables in Latin America Sierra Sanjurjo, Natalia; Montañes, Patricia; Sierra Matamoros, Fabio Alexander; Burin, Debora Ines Spanish is the fourth most spoken language in the world, and the majority of Spanish speakers have a Latin American origin. Reading aloud infrequently accentuated words has been established as a National Adult Reading Test-like method to assess premorbid intelligence in Spanish. However, several versions have been proposed and validated with small and selected samples, in particular geographical conditions, and they seldom derive a formula for IQ estimation with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ). The objective of this study was to develop equations to estimate WAIS-Third Edition (WAIS-III) FSIQ from the Word Accentuation Test-Revised (WAT-R), demographic variables, and their combination within diverse Latin American samples. Two hundred and forty participants from Argentina and Colombia, selected according to age and years of education strata, were assessed with the WAT-R, the WAIS-III, and a structured questionnaire about demographic and medical information. A combined approach including place of birth, years of education, and WAT-R provided the best equation, explaining 76% of IQ variance. These equations could be useful for estimating premorbid IQ in patients with Latin American Spanish as their birth language.

Diez años del “Plan Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria” en Argentina: una aproximación desde el enfoque de derechos; Ten years of the "National Plan for Food Security" in Argentina. An approach from the rights perspective Carrasco, Maximiliano; Pautassi, Laura Cecilia El artículo analiza las principales características del Plan Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria en Argentina desde el enfoque de derechos, en tanto metodología que establece las vinculaciones entre las obligaciones contenidas en los pactos y tratados internacionales de Derechos Humanos y su incorporación a las políticas públicas. En ese sentido, se intentará dar respuesta a una serie de interrogantes, como: ¿Se respeta el contenido mínimo del derecho que se pretende asegurar ? Se respeta el principio de igualdad/no discriminación. Y el de progresividad/no regresividad. Se garantiza una correcta rendición de cuentas del programa basada en una oportuna producción de información y en la posibilidad de acceso a esta por parte de la ciudadanía. Se han instrumentado mecanismos de reclamo o está garantizado el acceso a la justicia para los/as titulares de la política/programa. En base a evidencia empírica se abordan los cuestionamientos señalados y se formulan recomendaciones para delinear políticas sociales respetuosas de los principios de los Derechos Humanos.; The article analyzes the main features of the ´National Food Security Plan´ in Argentina from the ´human rights-based approach´, which is a methodology that establishes linkages between the obligations contained in international Human Rights treaties and its incorporation into public policies. In that sense, we will try to answer a series of questions, including: Is the minimum core of the Human Right to Food fully respected? Is the principle of equality/non-discrimination respected? And the progressive realisation and non-regression principle? Are transparency and accountability guaranteed? Is it possible for citizens to access to public information? Have grievance mechanisms been implemented? Is it the access to justice guaranteed for the holders of the policy / program? Based on empirical evidence, the aforementioned questions are addressed and recommendations are made to delineate social policies that fully respect human rights principles.

Entre reordenamiento de tierras y reivindicaciones históricas: el proceso de conformación de la Ley Integral del Aborigen en Formosa; Between land rearrangement and historical claims. The process of conformation of Aboriginal Integral Law in Formosa; Entre o reordenamento das terras e as reivindicações históricas. O processo de formação da Lei Integral do Aborígine em Formosa Leone, Miguel La promulgación de la Ley Integral del Aborigen en Formosa en 1984 abrió un nuevo tiempo en la historia del tratamiento jurídico de lo indígena en Argentina. Este trabajo realiza un análisis socio-histórico del proceso de construcción de esta ley, buscando comprender no sólo el contenido político del dispositivo jurídico sino también la trama de relaciones políticas en que se halló inserta su aprobación. El trabajo demuestra que ésta se vinculó con formas de organización y movilización dadas en comunidades indígenas de la provincia y con vínculos con activistas religiosos. Se plantea que los primeros impulsos del poder ejecutivo provincial en pos de legislar cuestiones indígenas no estuvieron tan vinculados a una voluntad de reconocimiento de derechos sino más bien a un enfoque burocrático administrativo de “reordenar tierras”.; The promulgation of Aboriginal Integral Law in Formosa in 1984 opened a new time in the story of legal treatment about indigene in Argentina. This paper makes socio-historical analysis about the process of construction of that law, trying to understand not only the political content of this legal mechanism but also the nexus of political relationships in which the law approval has been inserted. The paper shows that this approval was linked to ways of organizations and mobilizations generated by indigenous communities of the province and links with religious activists. It is stated that the first governmental impulses towards legislate indigenous issues were not so related to an intention of recognizing rights, but to an administrative and bureaucratic approach towards a land rearrangement.; A promulgação da Lei Integral do Aborígine em Formosa em 1984 abriu uma nova era na história da legalização do indígena na Argentina. Este artigo apresenta uma análise sóciohistórico do processo de construção da lei, procurando entender não só o conteúdo político do dispositivo legal, mas também a trama de relações políticas em que foi feita sua aprovação. O texto mostra que ela se ligou a formas de organização e mobilização geradas nas comunidades indígenas no estado de Formosa e teve com vinculações com ativistas religiosos. Propomos que os primeiros impulsos do poder executivo estadual para tornar judiciais questões indígenas não estiveram ligadas a uma vontade de reconhecer direitos, mas sim a uma intensão burocrática administrativa de "reordenar as terras”.

Fotoionización de moléculas diatómicas asistida por láser: de atto- a femto-pulsos; Laser-assisted photoionization of diatomic molecules: from atto- to femto-pulses Boll, Diego Iván René; Fojon, Omar Ariel Estudiamos teóricamente la fotoionización de moléculas diatómicas sencillas mediante pulsos XUV de corta duración, asistida por láser en el infrarrojo cercano. Además de los conocidos efectos de interferencia por emisión coherente desde ambos centros moleculares, analizamos las interferencias que surgen por presencia del campo láser asistente. Asimismo, examinamos la transición desde esquemas tipo streaking (donde la duración de los pulsos XUV es de algunos cientos de attosegundos) hacia esquemas tipo Free electron laser (en los que la duración de los mismos abarca uno o varias veces el período del campo láser asistente).; We study theoretically the laser-assisted photoionization of simple diatomic molecules by short XUV pulses. In addition to the well known interference eects produced by the coherent emission from both molecular centers, we analyze the interferences induced by the presence of the assistant laser eld. Moreover, we examine the transition from a streaking-like conguration (where the XUV pulses have durations of hundreds of attoseconds) to the Free electron laser conguration (in which the XUV pulse duration comprises one or many laser periods).

Democratización o rejerarquización de las relaciones internacionales? Multipolaridad y poderes emergentes Actis, Esteban El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el comportamiento de las denominadas "potencias emergentes" en relación al actual orden internacional. Se argumenta a partir de dos casos empíricos que a pesar de declamar en la retórica la intención de "democratizar las Relaciones Internacionales" el verdadero objetivo en las acciones es rejerarquizar el orden en función de ganar mayores cuotas de poder y así ascender en la estructura global de poder.

Regímenes de bienestar en América Latina y el Caribe: notas para pensar lo contemporáneo; Welfare regimes in Latin America and Caribbean Campana, Melisa El presente artículo ofrece una caracterización de los regímenes de bienestar latinoamericanos y caribeños en clave historiográfica. Realiza, en primer lugar, un repaso por las condiciones de emergencia de los Estados de Bienestar de Europa occidental y sus características centrales, haciendo especial hincapié en su función como modalidad de gestión regulada de las desigualdades en tanto estrategia de compromiso social del capitalismo industrial. Dialogando con ello, se detiene luego en las específicas configuraciones que han asumido los regímenes de bienestar en América Latina y el Caribe durante el transcurso del siglo XX. Brinda, por último, un mapeo de sus características contemporáneas y de los principales desafíos que enfrentan los Estados de la región en su calidad de garantes de derechos de cara al futuro.; This article provides a characterization of Latin American and Caribbean Welfare regimes in historiographical perspective. Firstly, it makes a review of the emergence conditions of Welfare States in Western Europe and its core features, with particular emphasis on its role as a method to regulate inequalities in industrial capitalism. Dialoguing with it, then stops in the specific configurations that welfare regimes have taken in Latin America during the course of the twentieth century. Finally, it provides a map of its contemporary features and the major challenges that the States of the region face in his capacity as right guarantors for the future.

Strong cosmic censorship and Misner spacetime Denaro, Pedro Ignacio Esteban; Dotti, Gustavo Daniel Misner spacetime is among the simplest solutions of Einstein's equation that exhibits a Cauchy horizon with a smooth extension beyond it. Besides violating strong cosmic censorship, this extension contains closed timelike curves. We analyze the stability of the Cauchy horizon and prove that neighboring spacetimes in one parameter families of solutions through Misner's in pure gravity, gravity coupled to a scalar field, or Einstein-Maxwell theory end at the Cauchy horizon developing a curvature singularity.

Características estructurales y fisiológicas de petunia axillaris relacionadas con su baja sensibilidad a glifosato; Structural and Physiological Characteristics of Petunia axillaris Related to their Low Sensitivity to Glyphosate Dellaferrera, Ignacio Miguel; Panigo, Elisa; Gonzalez Torralba, F.; De Prado, R.; Christoffoleti, Pedro Jacob; Perreta, Mariel Gladis La utilización repetida de glifosato como herbicida, entre otros aspectos, aumenta la frecuencia de individuos con baja sensibilidad al mismo. Entre los numerosos casos reportados de especies de malezas que han presentado algún inconveniente para su adecuado manejo se encuentra Petunia axillaris. En este trabajo se evalúa su sensibilidad y se estudian posibles mecanismos involucrados. Se analizó la retención, absorción y translocación con herbicida radiomarcado, así como también la modificación estructural producida por la aplicación del herbicida. Los análisis comprueban que Petunia axillaris es una especie tolerante a glifosato, no mostrando inhibición de la ruta metabólica del ácido shikímico. La menor sensibilidad al herbicida podría estar relacionada con una menor retención foliar de glifosato y un mayor tiempo de absorción; lo cual retarda el ingreso y movimiento del herbicida. Desde el punto de vista estructural se afecta el desarrollo del eje principal, mateniendo sin embargo una elevada producción de flores y semillas. Petunia axillaris muestra una combinación de características morfológicas-estructurales y fisiológicas que determinan su ventaja adaptativa para permanecer y aumentar su población en sistemas con uso intensivo de glifosato.; Repeated use of glyphosate as herbicide in the same site, among other things, increases the frequency of individuals with low sensitivity. Petunia axillaris is among the many reported cases of weed species that have presented problems for proper management. This study evaluates their sensitivity and discusses the possible mechanisms involved in its differential sensitivity. For this purpose, we analyzed the retention, absorption and translocation of radiolabeled herbicide, and the morphological characteristics related to the herbicide response. Studies confirms that Petunia axillaris is a glyphosate tolerant specie and the shikimic acid metabolic pathway is not altered. The low sensitivity to glyphosate in Petunia axillaris could be associated to low foliar retention and increased time of absorption, which delayed the entrance and movement of the herbicide. Regardless the altered structure with glyphosate, seed production is high enough which ensures the perpetuation of the less sensitive genotypes. Petunia axillaris showed a combination of morphological, structural, and physiological characteristics that determined their adaptive advantage to perpetuate and increase its population in systems with intensive use of glyphosate.

Hydrogeochemistry and sustainability of freshwater lenses in the Samborombón Bay wetland, Argentina Carol, Eleonora Silvina; García, Leandro; Borzi, Guido Esteban Freshwater lenses constitute one of the most vulnerable aquifer systems in the world, especially in coastal wetland areas. The objectives of this work are to determine the hydrogeochemical processes that regulate the quality of the freshwater lenses in a sector of the Samborombón Bay wetland, and to assess their sustainability as regards the development of mining activities. A hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater was undertaken on the basis of major ion, trace and environmental isotope data. The deterioration in time of the freshwater lenses in relation to mining was studied on the basis of the analysis of topographic charts, aerial photography and satellite imaging. The results obtained show that the CO2(g) that dissolves in the rainwater infiltrating and recharging the lenses is converted to HCO3-, which dissolves the carbonate facies of the sediment. The exchange of Ca2+ for Na+, the incongruent dissolution of basic plagioclase and the reprecipitation of carbonate produce a change of the Ca-HCO3 facies to Na-HCO3. In depth, the pH increases with the groundwater flow, and the volcanic glassis dissolved, releasing F-and As. Besides, the evapotranspiration processes cause the saline content to increase slightly. As the only sources of drinking water in the region are the freshwater lenses occurring in the shell ridges, mining operations have deteriorated this resource and decreased the freshwater reserves in the lenses. The study undertaken made it possible to develop some preservation, remediation and management guidelines aimed at the sustainability of the water resources in the region.

Simple thiol-ene click chemistry modification of SBA-15 silica pores with carboxylic acids Bordoni, Andrea Veronica; Lombardo, Maria Veronica; Regazzoni, Alberto Ernesto; Soler Illia, Galo Juan de Avila Arturo; Wolosiuk, Alejandro A straightforward approach for anchoring tailored carboxylic groups in mesoporous SiO2 colloidal materials is presented. The thiol-ene photochemical reaction between vinyltrimethoxysilane precursors and various thiocarboxylic acids which has, click chemistry features (i.e. high conversion yields, insensitivity to oxygen, mild reaction conditions), results in carboxylated silane precursors that can be readily used as surface modifiers. The carboxylic groups of acetic, undecanoic and succinic acid were immobilized on the silica mesopore walls of SBA-15 powders employing the synthesized silane precursors. Post-grafting has been confirmed through infrared spectrometry (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental analysis (EA) and zeta potential measurements. Detailed field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data revealed parallel mesopores and ordered mesostructures. It is shown that the immobilized COOH groups are chemically accessible for acid-base reactions as well as copper adsorption. Immobilization of easily synthesized tailored carboxylic modified alkoxide precursors within mesoporous systems provides a unique chemical nanoenvironment within these ordered frameworks.

Effects of singlet oxygen generated by a broad-spectrum viral fusion inhibitor on membrane nanoarchitecture Hollmann, Axel; Gonçalves, Sónia; Augusto, Marcelo T.; Castanho, Miguel A.R.B.; Lee, Benhur; Santos, Nuno C. Targeting membranes of enveloped viruses represents an exciting new paradigm to explore on the development of broad-spectrum antivirals. Recently, broad-spectrum small-molecule antiviral drugs were described, preventing enveloped virus entry at an intermediate step, after virus binding but before virus-cell fusion. Those compounds, including an oxazolidine-2,4-dithione named JL103 that presented the most promissing results, act deleteriously on the virus envelope but not at the cell membrane level. In this work, by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we aimed at unraveling the effects that JL103 is able to induce in the lipid membrane architecture at the nanoscale. Our results indicate that singlet oxygen produced by JL103 decreases membrane thickness, with an expansion of the area per phospholipid, by attacking the double bonds of unsaturated phospholipids. This membrane reorganization prevents the fusion between enveloped virus and target cell membranes, resulting in viral entry inhibition. From the Clinical Editor: The recent development of a family of innovative broad-spectrum small-molecule antiviral drugs that block virus cell entry has provided exciting armors against viruses. In this research paper, the authors utilize atomic force microscopy to investigate the mechanism of action of viral blockade. The findings have resulted in new understanding of cell membrane behavior, which may help in further drug design.