Variación temporal en abundancia de huevos y larvas de Engraulis anchoita en el litoral nortpatagónico de enero a abril de 2001: crecimiento y mortalidad larval; Temporal variation in Engraulis anchoita eggs and larvae abundance in the northpatagonian littoral between January-April 2001. Larval growth and mortality Brown, Daniel Roberto; Leonarduzzi, Ezequiel; Averbuj, Andres; Livore, Juan Pablo Se analizaron los patrones de distribución y abundancia de huevos y larvas de anchoíta en el litoral norpatagónico argentino durante el período comprendido entre enero y abril de 2001. A medida que avanzaba la temporada se observó un proceso de disminución en la actividad reproductiva. Se establecieron las tasas de crecimiento y mortalidad de larvas. Las determinaciones de edad se realizaron analizando los incrementos diarios de otolitos. El valor promedio de la tasa de crecimiento de 0,43 mm día -1 no mostró diferencias espacio-temporales, hecho que se atribuyó a la homo- geneidad del campo térmico. La tasa de mortalidad natural, de 0,32 d -1 en enero, se determinó por extinción expo- nencial. Las tasas de mortalidad, estimadas con el modelo de mortalidad-agregación, se consideraron dependientes de la talla larval. Los rangos de valores (d -1 ) fueron 0,07-0,49, 0,05-0,61 y 0,07-0,51 para enero, febrero, y marzo-abril, respectivamente.; Argentine anchovy eggs and larvae abundance distribution patterns in the Argentine northpatagonian littoral during January-April 2001 were analyzed. As the season progressed, a process of decline in the reproductive activity was observed. Larval growth and mortality rates were established. Age determinations were performed analyzing otoliths daily increments. The 0.43 mm day -1 growth rate average did not show space-time differences, fact attributed to the homogeneity of the thermal field. The 0.32 d-1 January natural mor- tality rate was determined by exponential decline. Mortality rates, estimated with the mortality-aggregation model, were considered dependent on the larval size. The value ranges (d -1) were 0.07-0.49, 0.05-0.61 and 0.07-0.51 for January, February, and March-April, respectively.

A Reply to Palmira Lo Guercio, Nicolás Francisco In “Philosophical Peer Disagreement” I argued that in order to properly account for the phenomenon of philosophical peer disagreement it is necessary to drop the ‘same evidence’ condition from the definition of epistemic peerage. The reason is the following: different philosophical perspectives might come with different commitments concerning the evidential role of the same piece of data, and it would be wrong to deny the status of epistemic peer to someone that is acquainted with the same data, even if he does not consider it plays an evidential role. However, on “On the Necessity of the Evidential Equality Condition For Epistemic Peerage,” Michele Palmira has developed some criticisms to these ideas. Here I defend my view from Palmira’s objections.

Sketch-maps and the geographical visual tradition in twentieth-century school texts Lois, Carla Mariana What happened with visual skill in Geography along the 20th Century? This article explores some answers throught some school texts at the Newberry Library.

La sanción de la capacidad civil plena de la mujer en los países del Cono Sur (1945-1990): una propuesta de análisis del fenómeno legal Giordano, Veronica En los primeros códigos civiles, las mujeres fueron definidas como sujetos de incapacidad de hecho relativa, limitación que venía asociada a la potestad del varón dentro del matrimonio. Este artículo aborda el reconocimiento de la capacidad civil plena de las mujeres en Uruguay (1946), Brasil (1962), Argentina (1968) y Chile (1989) como parte de un proceso complejo hacia la erosión (pero no disolución) del patriarcado. Para ello pone en práctica una metodología específica para el análisis del fenómeno legal que permite revelar los mecanismos discriminatorios. Asimismo, asume una perspectiva sociológico-histórica comparativa que muestra los diferentes recorridos hacia la reforma de la ley civil y los elementos que le son comunes. Se explicitan las distintas trayectorias, asumiendo que las dinámicas internas son únicas, pero mostrando que es posible identificar un mismo patrón de cambio: la modernización conservadora. En efecto, las mujeres casadas quedaron fijadas como sujetos de inferioridad jurídica, incluso cuando se les otorgó formalmente la capacidad civil plena. La modernización trajo cambios, pero el proceso estuvo dominado por las fuerzas de la tradición.

Raúl Sendic y el lenguaje sagrado de la política Merenson, Silvina Ines Este artículo parte e intenta responder a la pregunta formulada por los editores de la revista: "¿Puede hablarse de un culto a Raúl Sendic?" Para ello se analiza el parentesco entre el lenguaje de la radicalización política montevideana en los años sesenta y el lenguaje de la religiosidad popular entre los trabajadores rurales de la ciudad Bella Unión a partir de la trayectoria de Raúl Sendic, máximo dirigente del Movimiento Nacional de Liberación Tupamaros.

Las Comunas en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires: discursos, diagnósticos y expectativas al momento de su creación Cosacov Martinez, Natalia En este artículo se reconstruyen los principales argumentos esbozados por los Convencionales Constituyentes, en 1996, para fundamentar la creación de las Comunas en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Para ello, en la primera parte se realiza un breve esbozo de los avatares de la noción “sociedad civil” intentando destacar los contextos que funcionaron como puntos de inflexión en su definición. Esto resulta central para repasar los discursos que, enunciados en distintos contextos, operaron en la discusión sobre la creación de las Comunas. En la segunda parte, se reconstruyen los diagnósticos realizados por los convencionales constituyentes y las expectativas que cargaron sobre la “sociedad civil”, intentando poner en dialogo las alusiones explícitas y los sentidos implícitos con los discursos mencionados en la primera parte.; This article reconstructs the main arguments outlined by the Conventional Constituents in 1996 to support the creation of the Comunas in Buenos Aires City. To this end, the first part is a brief outline of the vicissitudes of the notion of "civil society" trying to highlight the contexts that served as turning points in its definition. This review is central to compile and analyze discourses, formulated in different contexts, that were implicated in the discussion about the creation of Communes. In the second part, we reconstruct the diagnostic performed by the Conventional Constituents and the expectations generated on "civil society", attempting to make a dialogue between explicit allusions and implicit meaning, and the discourses mentioned in the first seccion of the review.

Educación para la sustentabilidad: escuelas agropecuarias de alternancia y organizaciones sociales del área periurbana sur del Gran Buenos Aires Cieza, Ramón Isidro; Flores, Claudia Cecilia; Tamagno, Lía Nora; Bonicatto, María Margarita; Gargoloff, Natalia Agustina; Blandi, María Luz; Lermanó, María J. El potencial de la agricultura urbana y periurbana (AUP) es cada vez más reconocido en las ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe. Esto se debe a que en las periferias urbanas se producen grandes cantidades de alimentos.

Thoracic aorta cardiac-cycle related dynamic changes assessed with a 256-slice CT scanner Carrascosa, Patricia; Capuñay, Carlos; Deviggiano, Alejandro; Rodriguez Granillo, Gaston Alfredo; Sagarduy, María Inés; Cortines, Patricio; Carrascosa, Jorge; Parodi, Juan C. Objective: The aim of our study was to demonstrate whether the dynamic changes previously documented at the ascending and abdominal aorta are replicated at the thoracic aorta. Methods and results: A consecutive series of thirty patients referred to our institution to undergo CT angiography of the thoracic aorta (CTA) constituted the study population. Patients with diffuse aortic atherosclerosis were excluded from the analysis. All studies were acquired with a 256-MDCT scanner and ECG-gating was performed in all cases. Two orthogonal imaging planes (maximal and minimal diameters) were obtained at three different levels of the descending thoracic aorta, using the distance from the left subclavian artery as proximal landmark: 10, 40, and 80 mm distance. The mean age was 58.9±15.7 years and 16 (53%) patients were male. Descending aorta measurements at 10, 40, and 80 mm distance from the left subclavian artery were all significantly larger within the systolic window (P<0.01 for all comparisons). Measurements of the maximal diameter were systematically larger than the minimal diameters among all aortic positions including ungated, systolic, and diastolic measurements (P<0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions: The main finding of our pilot investigation was that the thoracic descending aorta undergoes significant conformational changes during the cardiac cycle, irrespective from the distance from the left subclavian artery.

Paclitaxel-loaded PCL–TPGS nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo performance compared with Abraxane® Bernabeu, Ezequiel Adrian; Helguera, Gustavo Fernando; Legaspi, María Julia; Gonzalez, Lorena; Höcht, Christian; Taira, Carlos Alberto; Chiappetta, Diego Andrés The purpose of this work was to develop Cremophor® EL-free nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with Paclitaxel (PTX) in order to improve the drug i.v. pharmacokinetic profile and to evaluate its activity against commercially available formulations such as Taxol® and Abraxane®. PTX-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone)?alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PCL-TPGS) NPs were prepared using three different techniques: i) by nanoprecipitation (NPr-method), ii) by emulsion-solvent evaporation homogenized with an Ultra-Turrax® (UTmethod)and iii) by emulsion-solvent evaporation homogenized with an ultrasonicator (US-method). The NPs prepared by US-method showed the smallest size and the highest drug content. The NPs exhibited a slow and continuous release of PTX. The in vitro anti-tumoral activity was assessed using two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) with the WTS assay. Cytotoxicity studies with both cell lines showed that PTX-loaded PCL-TPGS NPs exhibited better anti-cancer activity compared to PTX solution and the commercial formulation Abraxane® at different concentrations. Importantly, in the case of triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, the IC50 value for PTXloaded PCL-TPGS NPs was 7.8 times lower than Abraxane®. Finally, in vivo studies demonstrated that PTX-loaded PCL-TPGS NPs exhibited longer systemic circulation time and slower plasma elimination rate than Taxol® and Abraxane®. Therefore, the novel NPs investigated might be an alternative nanotechnological platform for PTX delivery system in cancer chemotherapy.

Behavioral and toxicological responses of Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to 10 monoterpene alcohols Moretti, Ariadna Noelia; Zerba, Eduardo Nicolás; Alzogaray, Raúl Adolfo The effect on locomotor activity, the repellency, and the knock-down produced by 10 monoterpene alcohols were evaluated on first-instar nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans, vectors of Chagas disease. A video tracking technique was used to evaluate locomotor activity and repellency by exposure to papers impregnated with monoterpenes. Eugenol on R. prolixus and (S)-cis-verbenol on T. infestans did not modify the locomotor activity. The remaining monoterpenes produced hyperactivity on both species, although the concentration required was at least a 1,000 times higher than that of deltamethrin (positive control). Carvacrol, eugenol, and geraniol resulted as repellent as N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (positive control) for both species. A similar result was observed for almost every monoterpene on T. infestans. Knock-down effect was evaluated by exposing the nymphs in closed recipients. The order of increasing toxicity on R. prolixus was (KT50 values in min): geraniol (213.7) < α-terpineol (164.5) < linalool (124.2) < carvacrol (111.6) < eugenol (89.8) < thymol (78.9), and on T. infestans: α-terpineol (289.8) < eugenol (221.3) < carvacrol (164.2) < linalool (154.9) < thymol (96.7). All monoterpenes were less toxic than the positive control, dichlorvos (3.6 min for R. prolixus and 3.9 min for T. infestans). After 7 h of exposure, (-)-carveol, citronellol, and menthol (on both species) and geraniol (on T. infestans) produced <50% of knock-down. After these results, it is worthwhile to explore more deeply the potential of these compounds as tools for controlling Chagas disease vectors.

La conformación de cultos locales en perspectiva comparada: la devoción al Cristo de Cabra en Andalucía y el culto al Cristo de Renca en el obispado de Córdoba del Tucumán, siglos XVII a XIX; The establishment of local worships in a comparative perspective: the cult of the Christ of Cabra in Andalucia and the cult of the Christ of Renca in the Diocese of Cordoba of Tucuman, XVII to XIX centuries Mazzoni, María Laura El artículo se enmarca dentro de los estudios sobre prácticas de religiosidad e identidades regionales. Se aborda el surgimiento de dos devociones locales, una en el Reino de Granada y otra en el Obispado de Córdoba del Tucumán del Virreinato del Perú, entre los siglos XVII y XIX. Se trata, por un lado, del culto del Cristo de Cabra o Cabrilla que se desarrolló en la zona oriental de Andalucía al calor de la consolidación de las cañadas de ganado caprino. Y por otro lado, de la advocación del Cristo de Renca en la región cuyana de la Diócesis de Córdoba, que se desarrollo a la vera de una ruta mercantil. La perspectiva comparada nos permite trazar puntos de encuentros entre procesos similares dentro de la Monarquía católica enmarcados, además, en espacios de “conquista” o “reconquista” recientes, donde la trama político-eclesiástica estaba recién consolidándose en el mismo momento que se originan estas devociones.

Typing clinical and animal environment Aspergillus fumigatus gliotoxin producer strains isolated from Brazil by PCR-RFLP markers Soleiro, C. A.; Pena, Gabriela Alejandra; Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé; Coelho, I.; Keller, L. M.; Dalcero, Ana Maria; Rosa, Carlos Alberto da Rocha Aspergillus fumigatus, a well-known human and animal pathogen causing aspergillosis, has been historically identified by morphological and microscopic features. However, recent studies have shown that species identification on the basis of morphology alone is problematic. The aim of this work was to confirm the taxonomic state at specie level of a set of clinical (human and animal) and animal environment A. fumigatus strains identified by morphological criteria applying a PCR-RFLP assay by an in silico and in situ analysis with three restriction enzymes. The A. fumigatus gliotoxin-producing ability was also determined. Previous to the in situ PCR-RFLP analysis, an in silico assay with BccI, MspI and Sau3AI restriction enzymes was carried out. After that, these enzymes were used for in situ assay. All A. fumigatus strains isolated from corn silage, human aspergillosis and bovine mastitis and high per cent of the strains isolated from cereals, animal feedstuff and sorghum silage were able to produce high gliotoxin levels. Also, all these strains identified by morphological criteria as A. fumigatus, regardless of its isolation source, had band patterns according to A. fumigatus sensu stricto by PCRRFLP markers.

Agonistic Interactions in Raptors of the Pampas Region Baladron Felix, Alejandro Victor; Pretelli, Matías Guillermo In this study, we evaluated the interspecific agonistic responses of raptors and nonraptors, elicited by the presence of five raptor species (Circus cinereus, C. buffoni, Rupornis magnirostris, Elanus leucurus, and Geranoaetus melanoleucus) in the Pampas region of Argentina. We registered 62 agonistic interaction events, most of them involving two raptor species (58%). During these events we registered 122 attacks, 10 persecutions, and three cases of kleptoparasitism. Milvago chimango was the most important aggressor species among raptors, and Vanellus chilensis among non-raptor birds. Attacks in groups were more frequently performed by non-raptors (61.5% of the events involved two or more aggressor individuals) than by raptors (68.5% of the events involved only one aggressor). This study represents a primary approach to one scarcely explored aspect of raptor behavior in southern South America

EBV primary infection in childhood and its relation to B-cell lymphoma development: a mini-review from a developing region Chabay, Paola Andrea; Preciado, María Victoria In most underdeveloped countries, the initial contact with Epstein Barr virus (EBV) usually happens in the first decade of life and results in an asymptomatic infection, whereas in developed areas, primary infection in adolescence or adulthood is accompanied by infectious mononucleosis in 50% cases. Although it is generally a harmless passenger, in some individuals, it is associated with B-cell lymphoma. In Argentina, EBV primary infection shows the classical pattern observed in developing populations, given that nearly 70% of patients are seropositive by the age of 2 years. However, EBV association with pediatric Hodgkin and Burkitt lymphoma resembles that observed in developed regions. Concerning diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, our series demonstrated higher EBV association than other adult ones from either developed or underdeveloped countries. Interestingly, the early EBV primary infection observed, characteristic of an underdeveloped population, together with the statistically significant EBV association with patients ≤10 years old demonstrated in all types of lymphoma studied, suggest a relationship between low age of EBV seroconversion and B-cell lymphoma development risk.

Un enfoque sistémico de la democracia deliberativa; A sistemyc approach of deliberative democracy Olivares, Nicolàs Emanuel En el marco del debate teórico acerca de cuál es la concepción normativa más adecuada del modelo democrático deliberativo se han elaborado distintas propuestas rivales (1). Más recientemente, Jane Mansbridge y John Parkinson en su obra Deliberative Systems han explicitado una nueva e interesante perspectiva, a la que denominan sistémica. La misma, tiene por fin evaluar la legitimidad democrática de las decisiones políticas, para lo cual propone adoptar un enfoque de gran escala que tome en cuenta la interdependencia existente entre los distintos componentes del sistema democrático deliberativo (2). Este artículo tendrá por objetivos: 1) Reconstruir los presupuestos conceptuales y normativos del enfoque sistémico; 2) Explicitar las distintas interpretaciones o versiones que el mismo puede asumir; 3) Ensayar argumentos en defensa de una de dichas versiones. Todo ello a los fines de destacar el valioso aporte teórico que ha significado el novel en- foque deliberativo sistémico para la teoría democrática-deliberativa.; Under the theoretical debate about what is the most appropriate normative conception of the deliberative democratic model various rival proposals have been developed. More recently, Jane Mansbridge and John Parkinson in his work Deliberative Systems have explicit an interesting new perspective, which they called systemic. This new turn aims to assess the democratic legitimacy of political decisions, for which it proposes to adopt a large-scale approach that takes into account the interdependence between the different components of deliberative democratic system. This article will aim to: 1) Rebuild the conceptual and normative systemic approach; 2) Explain the different interpretations or versions that it can assume; 3) Rehearse ar- guments in defense of one of those versions. All this guided by the aim of highlighting the valuable theoretical contribution that the novel systemic deliberative approach has meant for the deliberative democratic theory.

Detección y genotipificación de Poliomavirus BK en muestras cloacales de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina Sosa, Julieta; Ferreyra, Leonardo; Giordano, Miguel; Barril, Patricia Angelica; Masachessi, Gisela; Isa, Maria Beatriz; Martinez, Laura Cecilia; Biganzoli, Patricia; Nates, Silvia Viviana; Pavan, Jorge El virus BK (VBK) es un poliomavirus que es excretado en la orina por muchos individuos de la población humana y fue sugerido en otras partes del mundo como potencial marcador de contaminación con desechos humanos en muestras de aguas residuales. En este trabajo analizamos la prevalencia del VBK y sus genotipos en muestras de cloacas de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. A lo largo de 2 años y medio se recolectaron 60 muestras cloacales en las cuales se detectó la presencia del virus por PCR. El 87% de las muestras resultaron positivas para VBK. De las muestras positivas, 19 fueron secuenciadas y genotipificadas, obteniendo trece genotipo I/b-1, cuatro genotipo I/a, uno genotipo II y el restante resultó genotipo IV. Se concluye que el VBK es altamente prevalente en muestras provenientes de las cloacas de la ciudad de Córdoba y el genotipo predominante es el I/b-1.

Setting research priorities for preconception care in low- and middle-income countries: aiming to reduce maternal and child mortality and morbidity Dean, Sohni; Rudan, Igor; Althabe, Fernando; Webb Girard, Aimee; Howson, Christopher; Langer, Ana; Lawn, Joy; Reeve, Mary Elizabeth; Teela, Katherine C.; Toledano, Mireille; Venkjatraman, Chandra Mouli; Belizan, Jose; Car, Josip; Chan, Kit Yee; Chatterjee, Subidita; Chitekwe, Stanley; Doherty, Tanya; Donnay, France; Ezzati, Majid; Humayun, Khadija; Jack, Brian; Lassi, Zohra S.; Martorelli, Reynaldo; Poortman, Ysbrand; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Preconception care means providing care before pregnancy is established. Women and couples of reproductive age are generally unaware of the effects that their own health conditions and health-related behaviors may have on the fetus during pregnancy. Although antenatal care is set in the maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) continuum [1], it neglects the most critical time of embryonic development, which often occurs before a woman even knows she is pregnant [2]. The evidence increasingly points to earlier care before pregnancy to improve women´s health, and better pregnancy outcomes for the mother and newborn.

Characterization of the atmospheric depth profile using the ground-level temperature: The case of Malargüe, Argentina Moreno, Juan Cruz; Sciutto, Sergio Juan We present a study of the atmospheric depth profile and the dependence with its characteristic parameters. We introduce a new model, named GAMMA, based on a parameterization that allows us to obtain the atmospheric depth profile specifying only one simple physical parameter, namely the temperature at ground. The GAMMA model consists of a multilayer representation of the atmosphere that can be adjusted conveniently via constrained fits that are built to ensure interlayer continuity for both atmospheric depth and density profiles. Our analysis uses experimental data collected at Malargüe, Argentina by meteorological radiosondes. The GAMMA model can reproduce the averaged atmospheric depth profiles in all the cases available for analysis with good accuracy. The relative differences between model predictions and averaged data are always less than approximately 0.7%.

Seasonal variation in genetic population structure of sábalo (Prochilodus lineatus) in the Lower Uruguay River Rueda, Eva Carolina; Carriquiriborde, Pedro; Monzón, Alexander; Somoza, Gustavo Manuel; Ortí, Guillermo Prochilodus lineatus is a highly migratory fish species that sustains the most important commercial fishery of Parana-Paraguay basin. Migratory patterns are poorly known and only few population genetic studies are avaliable for this species in the Upper Parana. To assess genetic population structure, we genotyped a sample of 93 individuals from the Lower Uruguay River close to Gualeguaychu city (Entre Rıos, Argentina) at three different times, July 2008 (Winter), September 2008 (Spring) and May 2009 (Fall). All individuals were genotyped for 12microsatellite loci previously found to be informative to assess populations of P. lineatus. Our results show seasonal variation of the genetic sub-structuring at this locality that may be related to the presence of different migratory stocks throughout the year. The Fall sample includes an additional genetic cluster of individuals not detected in Winter and Spring, suggesting that this species should be considered a mixed stock fishery.

Integrated ecotoxicological assessment of bottom sediments from the Paraná basin, Argentina Peluso, María Leticia; Abelando, Mariana; Apartin, Carina Diana; Almada, Pablo; Ronco, Alicia Estela Paraná River, the six largest in the world, is receptor of pollution loads from tributaries traversing urban and industrialized areas, and extensive agriculture, particularly in its middle and low stretch along the Argentinean sector, where most of the productive activities of the country develop. Within the frame of monitoring surveys, the quality of bottom sediments from distal positions of twenty tributaries and three of the main course was evaluated. The assessment covered testing lethal and sublethal effects with the Hyalella curvispina based toxicity test, a benthic macrofauna survey and physicochemical variables of sediment matrix composition. A multivariate statistical analysis approach permitted integrating the obtained data from the different survey lines of evidence, explaining potential causes of the measured biological effects. The main perturbations detected were associated to tributaries in the middle sector of the basin, where anoxic conditions with high sulfide contents prevail mostly related to organic matter inputs of diverse combined activities, where sediments induce high lethality, and a consequent strong reduction of the benthic community population and diversity. The integrated survey approach proved being a robust tool in the assessment of causative—adverse effects relationships.