Environmental Activism: relationship with psycho-social and psycho-political variables among activists and non-activists from Argentina; Activismo ambiental: relación con variables psicosociales y psicopolíticas en activistas y no activistas de Argentina Imhoff, Débora Soledad; Gariglio, Cecilia; Ponce, Valeria; Diaz, Bruno; Pilatti, Angelina This work is framed within the field of Political and Environmental Psychology. It aimed to analyse environmental activism as a pro-environmental behaviour and as a type of political participation within socio-environmental organizations. Specifically, it was interesting to analyse the differences between a group of activists and a group of non-activists in terms of certain psycho-social (environmental risk perception, environmental concern, social values and knowledge about environmental problems) and psycho-political variables (individual political participation and political ideology). 401 young and adult citizens from the city of Córdoba (Argentina) participated in the study (54.6% female), of which 86.3% were non-activists. In order to achieve the goals of our research, we carried out a correlational study. With a view to finding possible differences between the activist and non-activist groups we applied an ANOVA and a Chi Square analysis to the psycho-social and psycho-political variables. Results show differential psycho-social and psycho-political profiles between activists and non-activists.; El trabajo se enmarca dentro del campo de la Psicología Política y la Psicología Ambiental. Tuvo como objetivo analizar el activismo ambiental como comportamiento proambiental y forma de participación política en el marco de organizaciones socioambientales. Puntualmente, interesó analizar diferencias entre un grupo de activistas y uno de no activistas en función de variables psicosociales (percepción de riesgo ambiental, preocupación ambiental, actitudes ambientales, valores sociales y conocimiento sobre problemáticas ambientales) y psicopolíticas (participación política individual e ideología política). Participaron 401 jóvenes y adultos (54,6% mujeres) de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina), de los cuales el 86.3% eran no activistas. Para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos se optó por un esquema de investigación correlacional. Así, para valorar la existencia de posibles diferencias entre los grupos de activistas y no activistas se aplicó un análisis de varianza y el estadístico Chi cuadrado sobre los indicadores de variables psicosociales y psicopolíticas involucradas. Los resultados permitieron corroborar perfiles psico-sociales y psico-políticos diferenciales entre activistas y no activistas.

Los aniversarios del 24 de marzo en Clarín: de la celebración al amargo recuerdo (1977-1983) Iturralde, Micaela Los medios de comunicación masiva ocupan un lugar destacado en nuestras sociedades. Como productores y difusores de determinadas representaciones acerca del presente y del pasado, intervienen en el espacio público, en tanto actores centrales en las dinámicas de poder. En los conflictos entre interpretaciones del pasado que emergen de los procesos de construcción social de la memoria colectiva, consideramos que los medios de comunicación, lejos de ser un mero registro neutral de memorias en pugna, constituyen productores de primer orden que participan en la elaboración, legitimación y puesta en circulación de algunos relatos sobre otros. Partiendo de dicha premisa, el presente trabajo se propone revisar algunos aspectos de la relación entre medios de comunicación y memoria, a partir del análisis del tratamiento otorgado por el diario Clarín en sus editoriales a los aniversarios del golpe de Estado del 24 de marzo de 1976, y de los cambios en el modo en que el diario “conmemoró” esa fecha entre 1977 y 1983. Se considera que la acción narradora de este medio de prensa le permitió elaborar interpretaciones del acontecimiento que se modificaron en función de la coyuntura en la que se insertaba el aniversario, las relaciones entre el matutino y las autoridades castrenses, y la necesidad de mantener el contrato de lectura con sus lectores.

Ver/saber: una reflexión sobre la construcción de conocimiento a partir del trabajo con imágenes en la formación docente; To see / To know: a reflection on the construction of knowledge through images in teacher training Palmero, Paula Mariana El presente artículo pretende aportar algunas pistas respecto de las particularidades que adquiere el trabajo con la producción audiovisual en los procesos de formación de docente. En la primera parte se desarrollan algunos conceptos teóricos que se retoman luego para abordar el análisis de los Diseños Curriculares para el Profesorado de Educación Primaria de la Provincia de Córdoba. Posteriormente, se revisa un conjunto de propuestas áulicas producidas por docentes en Trayectos de Acompañamiento curricular sobre la temática en Institutos de Formación Docente de la provincia de Córdoba. A partir de esta aproximación se propone una reflexión final respecto del trabajo con imágenes en los procesos de formación docente ponderando las potencialidades y poniendo en tensión la compleja relación entre el ver y el saber.; This paper aims to provide some clues regarding the particularities that working with audiovisual production acquires in teacher training. In the first part, the article develops theoretical concepts which address the analysis of curricular designs for teachers of elementary education in the province of Córdoba. Subsequently, it revises a set of proposals produced by teachers taking part in a program of curriculum development on the subject in institutes of teacher training in the province of Cordoba. Finally, we propose a final reflection on the work with images in teacher training process, measuring its potential and putting in tension the complex relationship between seeing and knowing.

De novo assembly and characterization of leaf transcriptome for the development of functional molecular markers of the extremophile multipurpose tree species Prosopis alba Torales, Susana; Rivarola, Maximo Lisandro; Pomponio, María Florencia; González, Sergio Alberto; Acuña, Cintia Vanesa; Fernández, Paula del Carmen; López Lauenstein, Diego; Verga, Aníbal Ramón; Hopp, Horacio Esteban; Paniego, Norma Beatriz; Marcucci Poltri, Susana Noemí Background: Prosopis alba (Fabaceae) is an important native tree adapted to arid and semiarid regions of north-western Argentina which is of great value as multipurpose species. Despite its importance, the genomic resources currently available for the entire Prosopis genus are still limited. Here we describe the development of a leaf transcriptome and the identification of new molecular markers that could support functional genetic studies in natural and domesticated populations of this genus. Results: Next generation DNA pyrosequencing technology applied to P. alba transcripts produced a total of 1,103,231 raw reads with an average length of 421 bp. De novo assembling generated a set of 15,814 isotigs and 71,101 non-assembled sequences (singletons) with an average of 991 bp and 288 bp respectively. A total of 39,000 unique singletons were identified after clustering natural and artificial duplicates from pyrosequencing reads. Regarding the non-redundant sequences or unigenes, 22,095 out of 54,814 were successfully annotated with Gene Ontology terms. Moreover, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were searched, resulting in 5,992 and 6,236 markers, respectively, throughout the genome. For the validation of the the predicted SSR markers, a subset of 87 SSRs selected through functional annotation evidence was successfully amplified from six DNA samples of seedlings. From this analysis, 11 of these 87 SSRs were identified as polymorphic. Additionally, another set of 123 nuclear polymorphic SSRs were determined in silico, of which 50% have the probability of being effectively polymorphic. Conclusions: This study generated a successful global analysis of the P. alba leaf transcriptome after bioinformatic and wet laboratory validations of RNA-Seq data. The limited set of molecular markers currently available will be significantly increased with the thousands of new markers that were identified in this study. This information will strongly contribute to genomics resources for P. alba functional analysis and genetics. Finally, it will also potentially contribute to the development of population-based genome studies in the genera.

Massive depletion of bovine leukemia virus proviral clones located in genomic transcriptionally active sites during primary infection Gillet, Nicolas A.; Gutiérrez, Gerónimo; Rodriguez, Sabrina M.; de Brogniez, Alix; Renotte, Nathelie; Alvarez, Irene; Trono, Karina Gabriela; Willems, Luc Deltaretroviruses such as human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) induce a persistent infection that remains generally asymptomatic but can also lead to leukemia or lymphoma. These viruses replicate by infecting new lymphocytes (i.e. the infectious cycle) or via clonal expansion of the infected cells (mitotic cycle). The relative importance of these two cycles in viral replication varies during infection. The majority of infected clones are created early before the onset of an efficient immune response. Later on, the main replication route is mitotic expansion of pre-existing infected clones. Due to the paucity of available samples and for ethical reasons, only scarce data is available on early infection by HTLV-1. Therefore, we addressed this question in a comparative BLV model. We used high-throughput sequencing to map and quantify the insertion sites of the provirus in order to monitor the clonality of the BLV-infected cells population (i.e. the number of distinct clones and abundance of each clone). We found that BLV propagation shifts from cell neoinfection to clonal proliferation in about 2 months from inoculation. Initially, BLV proviral integration significantly favors transcribed regions of the genome. Negative selection then eliminates 97% of the clones detected at seroconversion and disfavors BLV-infected cells carrying a provirus located close to a promoter or a gene. Nevertheless, among the surviving proviruses, clone abundance positively correlates with proximity of the provirus to a transcribed region. Two opposite forces thus operate during primary infection and dictate the fate of long term clonal composition: (1) initial integration inside genes or promoters and (2) host negative selection disfavoring proviruses located next to transcribed regions. The result of this initial response will contribute to the proviral load set point value as clonal abundance will benefit from carrying a provirus in transcribed regions.

A lattice gas of prime numbers and the Riemann Hypothesis Vericat, Fernando In recent years, there has been some interest in applying ideas and methods taken from Physics in order to approach several challenging mathematical problems, particularly the Riemann Hypothesis. Most of these kinds of contributions are suggested by some quantum statistical physics problems or by questions originated in chaos theory. In this article, we show that the real part of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function extremizes the grand potential corresponding to a simple model of one-dimensional classical lattice gas, the critical point being located at 1/2 as the Riemann Hypothesis claims.

Determination of hydration properties and thermal behavior of Paecilomyces variotii by differential scanning calorimetry Canel, Romina Soledad; Ludemann, Vanesa; De la Osa, O.; Wagner, Jorge Ricardo Due to the structure and the composition of Paecilomyces variotii, the mycelia of this fungus could have potential applications as ingredients in wettable foods. For this use, drying could be employed, justifying the study of thermal behavior of P. variotii. The objectives of this work were to perform a study of thermal behavior of P. variotii isolates, to evaluate the hydration properties of these mycelia and to analyze the effect of different technological parameters on the latter properties. Wet cultures exhibited a wide endothermic transition, with mean values of peak temperature of 61°C and denaturation enthalpy of 4 J/g dry matter. Ini tial (50°C) and final (80°C) temperatures of the endothermic transition were used to dry the mycelia. Freeze drying was also assayed. For all dried mycelia, a decrease in denaturation enthalpy between 40 and 50% was observed for drying at 50°C and freezedrying, and a drastic decrease of almost 100% for drying at 80°C. According to the hydration properties, wet mycelia exhibited water holding capacity (WHC) value of 45 g water/g dry matter. Significant differences among dried mycelia, resulting WHC values in order: 50°C > freezedried > 80°C (p < 0.05) were revealed for each P. variotii strain. Fungi obtained by drying at 50 C and by freezedrying, showed a rapid water absorption (t1/2 < 0.1 min). Ionic strength, pH and particle size of dried mycelia influenced the hydration properties.

Estacionalidad reproductiva en animales domésticos. nuevas perspectivas en el gato (Felis silvestris catus); Seasonality of reproduction in domestic animals: new perspectives in domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) Nuñez Favre, Romina de Los Angeles; Bonaura, María Candela; García Mitacek, María Carla; Stornelli, María Cecilia; Stornelli, María Alejandra; de la Sota, Rodolfo Luzbel Algunas especies de animales como los pequeños rumiantes y algunos roedores presentan un período de reposo sexual estacional de duración e intensidad variable. Esta estacionalidad está directamente relacionada con las horas luz diarias (fotoperiodo) a las que se hallan sometidos los animales y se evidencia en las localizaciones geográficas en las que existen marcadas variaciones en la duración del día durante el año. En el caso de los pequeños rumiantes, ambos sexos tienen una actividad sexual mínima en primavera-verano y máxima en otoño-invierno. En el felino doméstico (Felis silvestris catus) la estacionalidad ovulatoria y estral de la hembra se halla bien documentada y ocurre durante los días que presentan más de 12 horas de luz (primavera-verano). Sin embargo la estacionalidad reproductiva del gato ha sido definida recientemente. El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad revisar los estudios existentes en relación a la influencia del fotoperiodo natural y manejo artificial del mismo sobre la actividad reproductiva en diferentes especies con especial énfasis en el gato doméstico.; Some domestic and wild animals have seasonal reproduction performance due to photoperiod. This seasonality is observed in geographic locations where large differences between hours of light during the year are present and occurs as an adaptation to annual changes in the habitat. Small ruminants have sexual activity during fall and winter ceasing during spring and summer. In the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) the queen has ovarian activity during the long days of spring and summer (> 12 h light) ceasing during short days of fall and winter. However, seasonality in the male has been recently defined. The aim of this study was to present a review about natural and artificial photoperiod changes over reproductive activity in different species with special emphasis in the domestic cat.

Reconstructing native american migrations from whole-genome and whole-exome data Gravel, Simon; Zakharia, Fouad; Moreno Estrada, Andrés; Byrnes, Jake B.; Muzzio, Marina; Rodriguez Flores, Juan L.; Kenny, Eimear E.; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Maples, Brian K.; Guiblet, Wilfried; Dutil, Julie; Via, Marc; Sandoval, Karla; Bedoya, Gabriel; Oleksyk, Taras K.; Ruiz Linares, Andres; Burchard, Esteban G.; Martinez Cruzado, Juan Carlos; Bustamante, Carlos; The 1000 Genomes Project There is great scientific and popular interest in understanding the genetic history of populations in the Americas. We wish to understand when different regions of the continent were inhabited, where settlers came from, and how current inhabitants relate genetically to earlier populations. Recent studies unraveled parts of the genetic history of the continent using genotyping arrays and uniparental markers. The 1000 Genomes Project provides a unique opportunity for improving our understanding of population genetic history by providing over a hundred sequenced low coverage genomes and exomes from Colombian (CLM), Mexican-American (MXL), and Puerto Rican (PUR) populations. Here, we explore the genomic contributions of African, European, and especially Native American ancestry to these populations. Estimated Native American ancestry is in MXL, in CLM, and in PUR. Native American ancestry in PUR is most closely related to populations surrounding the Orinoco River basin, confirming the Southern America ancestry of the Taíno people of the Caribbean. We present new methods to estimate the allele frequencies in the Native American fraction of the populations, and model their distribution using a demographic model for three ancestral Native American populations. These ancestral populations likely split in close succession: the most likely scenario, based on a peopling of the Americas thousand years ago (kya), supports that the MXL Ancestors split kya, with a subsequent split of the ancestors to CLM and PUR kya. The model also features effective populations of in Mexico, in Colombia, and in Puerto Rico. Modeling Identity-by-descent (IBD) and ancestry tract length, we show that post-contact populations also differ markedly in their effective sizes and migration patterns, with Puerto Rico showing the smallest effective size and the earlier migration from Europe. Finally, we compare IBD and ancestry assignments to find evidence for relatedness among European founders to the three populations.

Prácticas de manejo de los suelos agrícolas como una estrategia de reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de los biocombustibles Piastrellini, Roxana; Arena, Alejandro Pablo; Civit, Bárbara María El objetivo del presente estudio es cuantificar la reducción de emisiones GEI resultantes de la implementación de diferentes prácticas agrícolas en el cultivo de soja destinada a la producción de biodiesel en la Argentina. Para ello se estimó el stock de C orgánico y las emisiones de N2O de suelos agrícolas para 5 escenarios de manejo, siguiendo las Directrices del IPCC (2006). Posteriormente se calcularon las emisiones totales de GEI utilizando como indicador el Potencial de Calentamiento Global (IPCC, 2007). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la implementación de la siembra directa genera una reducción de emisiones del 23% en comparación con la labranza convencional. Así mismo, la adopción de un sistema de riego suplementario y las fertilizaciones adicionales generan importantes variaciones en los resultados. Se sugiere, por tanto, considerar la gestión del suelo como una oportunidad para disminuir las emisiones GEI de los cultivos bioenergéticos.; The aim of this study is to quantify GHG emission reductions resulting from the implementation of different agricultural practices in growing soybeans for the production of biodiesel in the Argentina. We estimated the stock of organic C and N2O emissions from agricultural soils for five management scenarios, following the IPCC Guidelines (2006). Then we calculated the total greenhouse gas emissions as indicator Global Warming Potential (IPCC, 2007). The results show that the implementation of conservation tillage practices generates an emission reduction of 23% compared to conventional tillage. Furthermore, the adoption of supplementary irrigation and additional fertilizations generate significant variations in the results. It is suggested, therefore, to consider land management as an opportunity to reduce GHG emissions from bioenergy crops.

Organic anion transporter 5 renal expression and urinary excretion in rats with vascular calcification Hazelhoff, Maria Herminia; Bulacio, Romina Paula; Torres, Adriana Monica It has been described renal damage in rats with vascular calcification. The organic anion transporter 5 (Oat5) is only expressed in kidney, and its urinary excretion was proposed as potential early biomarker of renal injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Oat5 renal expression and its urinary excretion in an experimental model of vascular calcification in comparison with traditional markers of renal injury. Vascular calcification was obtained by the administration of an overdose of vitamin D3 (300,000 IU/kg, b.w., i.m.) to male Wistar rats. Oat5 urinary abundance was evaluated by Western blotting. Traditional markers of renal injury, such as creatinine and urea plasma levels, urinary protein levels, and urinary alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, were determined using commercial kits. Histology was assessed by hematoxylin/eosin staining. Oat5 renal expression was evaluated by Western blotting and by immunohistochemistry. An increased expression of Oat5 in renal homogenates, in apical membranes, and in its urinary excretion was observed in rats with vascular calcification. The traditional parameters used to evaluate renal function were not modified, with the exception of histology. It is possible to postulate the urinary excretion of Oat5 as a potential noninvasive biomarker of renal injury associated with vascular calcification.

Integrated scheduling of resource-constrained flexible manufacturing systems using constraint programming Novas, Juan Matias; Henning, Gabriela Patricia This contribution presents a novel approach to address the scheduling of resource-constrained flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). It deals with several critical features that are present in many FMS environments in an integrated way. The proposal consists in a constraint programming (CP) formulation that simultaneously takes into account the following sub-problems: (i) machine loading, (ii) manufacturing activities scheduling, (iii) part routing, (iv) machine buffer scheduling, (v) tool planning and allocation, and (vi) AGV scheduling, considering both the loaded and the empty movements of the device. Before introducing the model, this work points out the problems that might appear when all these issues are not concurrently taken into account. Then, the FMS scheduling model is presented and later assessed through several case-studies. The proposed CP approach has been tested by resorting to problems that consider dissimilar number of parts, operations per part, and tool copies, as well as different AGV speeds. The various examples demonstrate the importance of having an integrated formulation and show the important errors that can occur when critical issues such as AGV empty movements are neglected.

Herramienta web para post-análisis de simulaciones de dinámica molecular Borgna, Karina Giselle; Fernández, María Laura; Risk, Marcelo En este trabajo se busca desarrollar una aplicación web interactiva y personalizada que permita analizar resultados generados mediante simulaciones de dinámica molecular. Con esta herramienta se pretende analizar las propiedades cada átomo o molécula de manera individual o conjunta a partir de una trayectoria, permitiendo segmentaciones tridimensionales que el usuario puede personalizar, así como análisis estadísticos no disponibles en las aplicaciones de post análisis que brindan los paquetes de dinámica molecular. Una herramienta de estas características es de gran ayuda en el estudio de los datos obtenidos permitiendo al usuario proponer el análisis o representación de los mismos que considere necesarios. Para este trabajo, como ejemplo, se tomaron datos generados por el programa Gromacs y fueron incorporados a una base de datos desarrollada en un entorno web. Se seleccionaron simulaciones de una bicapa lipídica expuesta a un campo eléctrico por el gran costo computacional que presenta de modo de generar una aplicación que pueda ser capaz de analizar datos independientemente de la demanda que éstos requieran. El sitio web se desarrolló con el framework Django, el cual permite utilizar Python, mientras que la base de datos se implementó en PostgreSQL. Se obtuvo una aplicación web que permite cargar datos de una trayectoria y generar un análisis estadístico, así como gráficos y representaciones espaciales. Se propone generar modelos 3D que permitan estimar superficie o volumen de la selección de átomos que el usuario considere necesarios.; This work tries to develop a customized interactive web application that allows to analyze results obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. A tool of these characteristics is a great help in the analysis of the data obtained because allows customizing the analysis or representation of the data. For this study data were generated by the program Gromacs and were incorporated into a database developed in a web environment. For this work we selected a simulation of a lipid bilayer exposed to an electric field because of the great computational cost in order to generate an application that analyze data regardless of demand that these require. The website was developed using the Django framework, which allows to use Python, while the database was implemented using PostgreSQL. We obtained a web application that allows loading data from a trajectory and generating statistical analysis, graphics and spatial representations. The strength of this application is that it allows to follow each molecule individually but generates individual results and also by groups.

Glutathione S-transferase P1 mRNA expression in plasma cell disorders and its correlation with polymorphic variants and clinical outcome Stella, Flavia; Weich, Natalia; Panero, Julieta; Fantl, Dorotea Beatriz; Schutz, Natalia; Fundia, Ariela Freya; Slavutsky, Irma Rosa BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is an important phase II enzyme involved in detoxification of carcinogens. GSTP1 gene overexpression has been observed in a variety of human cancers but there are no studies in plasma cell disorders. The aim of this study was to examine GSTP1 mRNA expression level in multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). In addition, we have determined GSTP1 polymorphic variants in order to estimate MM risk and their relationship with the expression level. Results were also correlated with laboratory parameters and clinical outcome. METHODS: Bone marrow mononuclear cells from 125 patients with plasma cell disorders were studied. Peripheral blood samples of 110 age and sex matched healthy controls were also evaluated. Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR and PCR-RFLP assays were used. RESULTS: Upregulation of GSTP1 was observed in 37.7% MM and in 22.6% MGUS patients. A significant increase of GSTP1 expression in MM with respect to MGUS was detected (p=0.0427). Most MM patients that achieved complete remission had low transcription levels (77.8%) compared to those who did not reach this condition (44.4%) (p=0.0347). GSTP1 heterozygous carriers showed reduced expression compared to those with homozygous wild type genotype (p=0.0135). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest, for the first time, a role for GSTP1 expression in development and/or progression of plasma cell disorders, and a probable influence of functional capacity of the enzyme on clinical outcome. These results and those of the literature support GSTP1 as an interesting tumor marker and a potential therapeutic target.

Intraspecific isotopic niche variation in broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) Marques, Thiago S.; Lara, Neliton R. F.; Bassetti, Luís A. B.; Piña, Carlos Ignacio; Camargo, Plínio B.; Verdade, Luciano M. Strategies to minimise intraspecific competition are common in wild animals. For example, individuals may exploit food resources at different levels of the food chain. Analyses of stable isotopes are particularly useful for confirming variations in an intraspecific niche because the chemical composition of animals tends to reflect both the food consumed and the habitats occupied by the species. However, studies using this methodology to investigate neotropical crocodilians are scarce. This study aimed to verify the existence of ontogenetic and sexual niche variation in broad-snouted caiman in a silvicultural landscape in Brazil through the use of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. The isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen were determined in claw samples collected from 24 juveniles, 8 adults, and 16 hatchlings of C. latirostris. We identified a discrete ontogenetic variation in the isotopic niche and sexual difference only for juveniles. These results may indicate differences in the exploitation resources and a consequent reduction in competition between age classes.

Positive selection in Nucleoporins challenges constraints on early expressed genes in Drosophila development Mensch, Julian; Serra, François; Lavagnino, Nicolas Jose; Dopazo, Hernán Javier; Hasson, Esteban Ruben Developmental conservation among related species is a common generalization known as von Baer’s third law and implies that early stages of development are the most refractory to change. The “hourglass model” is an alternative view that proposes that middle stages are the most constrained during development. To investigate this issue, we undertook a genomic approach and provide insights into how natural selection operates on genes expressed during the first 24 h of Drosophila ontogeny in the six species of the melanogaster group for which whole genome sequences are available. Having studied the rate of evolution of more than 2,000 developmental genes,ourresults showed differential selective pressures atdifferentmoments ofembryogenesis. In manyDrosophila species, early zygotic genes evolved slower than maternal genes indicating that mid-embryogenesis is the stage most refractory to evolutionary change. Interestingly, positively selected genes were found in all embryonic stages even during the period with the highest developmental constraint, emphasizing that positive selection and negative selection are not mutually exclusive as it is often mistakenly considered. Among the fastest evolving genes, we identified a network of nucleoporins (Nups) as part of the maternal transcriptome. Specifically, the acceleration of Nups was driven by positive selection only in the more recently diverged species. BecausemanyNupsareinvolvedinhybridincompatibilitiesbetweenspeciesoftheDrosophilamelanogastersubgroup,ourresultslink rapid evolution of early developmental genes with reproductive isolation. In summary, our study revealed that even within functional groups of genes evolving under strong negative selection many positively selected genes could be recognized. Understanding these exceptions to the broad evolutionary conservation of early expressed developmental genes can shed light into relevant processes driving the evolution of species divergence.

Estudio de la transferencia de agua durante la deshidratación osmótica de zanahoria Della Rocca, Patricia A.; Roche, Luis Alberto; Mascheroni, Rodolfo Horacio Se estudió la cinética de deshidratación y la ganancia de sólidos de cubos de zanahoria en solución de sacarosa y sal a una temperatura de 40 °C. Se aplicaron modelos empíricos para describir el proceso de transferencia de agua desde el alimento hacia la solución como los de Azuara, Page y uno teórico, basado en la segunda ley de difusión de Fick, el modelo de Crank. Todos ajustaron los datos experimentales de manera satisfactoria, siendo los dos primeros los que presentaron un mejor ajuste. Se estimó el coeficiente de difusión efectiva del agua y el valor obtenido fue de aproximadamente 1,5x10-9 m2 /s, similar a los hallados en la literatura en condiciones análogas.; The osmotic dehydration kinetic and the solid uptake of carrots cubes in a sucrose-salt solution at a temperature of 40 °C were studied. Empiric models were applied to describe the process of water transfer from the product to the solution. All the models: Azuara, Page and Crank adjust the experimental data in a satisfactory way, being the two first models which adjust better. The water diffusion effective coefficient was estimated and the value obtained was 1,5x 10-9 m2 /s, similar to that found in the literature in analogous conditions.

Siloxanes synthesized “in situ” by sol–gel process for fire control in wood of Araucaria angustifolia Giudice, Carlos Alberto; Alfieri, Paula V.; Canosa, Guadalupe Panels of Araucaria angustifolia were chemically modified with alkoxysilanes, hydrolyzed and condensed “in situ” by the sol–gel process. Alkoxysilanes selected were aminopropyl methyldiethoxysilane (A), aminopropyl triethoxysilane (B) and a mixture of both (C). Ethanol was used as solvent in 4/1 ethanol/ alkoxide molar ratio. The pH was adjusted to alkaline value for controlling the kinetic of hydrolysis– condensation reactions. Impregnation process was carried out at 45–50 1C in an autoclave, controlling the operating conditions for achieving different weight gains. Laboratory tests were carried out in Two-Foot Tunnel (flame spread index, panel consumption and smoke density) and in TGA detector (mass loss). The performance in laboratory tests can be explicated according the reactivity of the alkoxides. The results support the conclusion that the best fireproof efficiency was observed in woods treated with the alkoxide B, followed by those modified with the mixture C and the alkoxide A, in this order; the results also indicates that as weight gain increased the performance of impregnants against fire.

Quantum Phase Transition Between One-channel and Two-channel Kondo Polarons Rincón, Julián ; Garcia, Daniel Julio; Hallberg, Karen Astrid; Vojta, Matthias For a mobile spin-1/2 impurity, coupled antiferromagnetically to a one-dimensional gas of fermions, perturbative ideas have been used to argue in favor of two-channel Kondo behavior of the impurity spin. Here we combine general considerations and extensive numerical simulations to show that the problem displays a novel quantum phase transition between two-channel and one-channel Kondo screening upon increasing the Kondo coupling. We construct a ground-state phase diagram and discuss the various nontrivial crossovers as well as possible experimental realizations.

Modeling dynamic interactions in supply chains using agent-based simulations Dorigatti, Mariana Carolina; Chiotti, Omar Juan Alfredo; Salomone, Hector Enrique In this work, we present preliminary results of our research on the construction of an agent-based simulation framework suitable to support the analysis of complex supply chain interactions as the one required for the performance assessment in collaborative supply chains. In particular, we focus in the modeling of dynamic interactions through agent-to-agent message communication avoiding predefined supply chain network structures. For defining the internal structure of agents, we explore the application of the SCOR reference model to bring a business process perspective and adopt the requirement of making explicit separation of the execution and control and decision making processes.