Configuraciones de la enseñanza y el conocimiento. La institucionalización de la Semiótica en la periferia argentina: el caso de “Literatura de masas”; Configurations of education and knowledge. The institutionalization of semiotics in the Argentine periphery: The case of "Literatura de masas" Berezagá, Gastón Alberto El siguiente trabajo describe, en relación a los procesos de institucionalización del campo de las Letras, cómo se introduce la Semiótica en las carreras de Profesorado y Licenciatura en Letras de la Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA).En esta ocasión, interesa particularmente la Semiótica, entendida como uno de los tres sub-campos de las Letras, que, al contrario de la Literatura y la Lingüística (los otros dos sub-campos restantes considerados), tiene la particularidad de no contar con asignaturas específicas dedicas en los programas vigentes de las carreras estudiadas.Conjeturo que es a través del contacto entre estas áreas que la Semiótica logra introducirse entre los contenidos mínimos sugeridos en los programas curriculares de las asignaturas. Es en este conjunción que se genera un espacio de intersticio, (siguiendo a Ana Camblong, 2014) un espacio tercero que implica la relación de dos artefactos, dos lenguajes que exigen la traducción y la adaptación de los elementos que atraviesa y por los cuales es atravesado.En esta lógica, analizo el caso de la asignatura “Literatura de masas” que, sin deseos de explorar las potencias pedagógicas, con su propuesta de trabajo con historietas entrecruza una semiótica de corte iconográfico con la lectura literaria y el estudio de diferentes formas históricas de lectura, incitando el análisis y la comparación entre una diversidad de obras y lenguajes incluidos en un grupo de géneros “masivos” (según indica su nomenclatura): la gauchesca, la ciencia ficción y el policial.Este trabajo comparativo de conjuntos, incluye narraciones literarias y visuales, sobre las cuales interesa describir qué clase de traducciones y/o adaptaciones se producen de lo literario a lo iconográfico y viceversa, con el fin de comprender las características particulares de los géneros que se proponen, como también los nuevos contextos de lectura que surgen en este espacio de intersticio.; The following paper describes, in relation to the processes of institutionalization of the field of Literature and arts, how Semiotics is introduced in the careers of Professor and Bachelor of Literature and Arts at the Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA). In this occasion, I’m particularly interested in Semiotics, understood as one of the three subfields of Letters, which, unlike Literature and Linguistics (the other two sub-fields considered), has the particularity of not having specific subjects dedicated to it in the current programs of the degree programs studied. I conjecture that it is through the contact between these areas that Semiotics manages to be introduced among the minimum contents suggested in the curricular programs of the subjects. It is in this conjunction that a space of interstice is generated, (following Ana Camblong, 2014) a third space that implies the relationship of two artifacts, two languages that demand the translation and adaptation of the elements that it crosses and through which it is crossed. In this logic, I analyze the case of the subject “Literatura de masas” (“Mass Literature”) which, without wishing to explore the pedagogical potentials, with its proposal to work with comics, interweaves an iconographic semiotics with literary reading and the study of different historical forms of reading, encouraging the analysis and comparison between a diversity of works and languages included in a group of “mass” genres (according to its nomenclature): the gauchesca, science fiction and detective fiction. This comparative work of sets includes literary and visual narratives, on which it is interesting to describe what kind of translations and/or adaptations are produced from the literary to the iconographic and vice versa, in order to understand the particular characteristics of the proposed genres, as well as the new reading contexts that emerge in this interstice space.

Cannabis en Paraguay, presente y perspectivas; Cannabis in Paraguay, present and perspectives Jara Villamayor, Jorge Daniel; Fernández Ríos, Danilo; Moura Mendes, Juliana; Colmán, Adan Agustín; Vallejo, Mariana Guadalupe; Arrúa, Andrea Alejandra El uso medicinal del cannabis ha sido autorizado en Paraguay desde el año 2017. Desde entonces, han surgido varias normativas que buscan regular su producción, comercialización y utilización. Así también, en cuanto a lo recreativo, siguen vigentes leyes del año 1988 en donde se especifica la cantidad permitida para la utilización personal, las prohibiciones y los castigos pertinentes. Se ha aplicado una encuesta en la cual las personas muestran una gran aceptación y apoyo a favor del uso medicinal del cannabis pero, para el uso recreativo, las apreciaciones son equilibradas. La investigación realizada muestra que si bien existen normativas sobre el ámbito medicinal y recreativo, en nuestro país la legislación sobre el uso del cannabis se encuentra en evolución y pleno desarrollo. Es posible que, mediante futuras y necesarias investigaciones y un análisis social, se pueda llegar a consolidar el uso del cannabis y sus derivados, en diferentes áreas, de manera segura y regulada en el país.; InParaguay,theproduction,commercialization, and use of Cannabis are regulated. Medicinal use was authorized in 2017 by Law 6007/2017. As for Cannabis for recreational use, Law 1340 /1988 is still in force where the amount allowed for personal use, prohibitions, and punishments in case of law violations are specified. In the present study, we survey the general public's opinion about the use andlegalization of Cannabis and subsequently analyzed the national legislation in force. We found that a large percentage of respondents favored the medicinal use of Cannabis while, regarding recreational use, opinions were balanced both for and against it.

Lenguajes visuales en movimiento: el caso del entierro LP-II y su contexto regional (Las Papas, Depto. Tinogasta, Catamarca, Argentina); Visual languages in movement: the case of the burial LP-II and its regional context (Las Papas, Depto. Tinogasta, Catamarca, Argentina) Basile, Mara Valeria; Ratto, Norma Rosa El entierro Las Papas II (LP-II), excavado por un poblador local, está emplazado en un nodo que posibilita la interconexión de la región de Fiambalá con otros ambientes, regionales o extrarregionales, y fue datado en el siglo XIII. Junto al difunto se documentaron abundantes y diversos objetos, entre ellos, cuatro tinajas estilo Belén. La hipótesis que sostiene que se trata del entierro de un “viajero” se apoya en la información bioarqueológica-isotópica y en los análisis de pigmentos realizados. En este trabajo sumamos una línea analítica para aportar a la discusión de dicha hipótesis. Pare ello abordamos el análisis visual del conjunto de tinajas Belén que acompañan el entierro y evaluamos si se asemejan o distinguen, en términos morfométricos, compositivos, temáticos y/o técnicos, de los lenguajes definidos para las tinajas Belén recuperadas en la región de Fiambalá. Los resultados permitieron identificar la particularidad del conjunto Belén de LP-II e indican que existen diferencias sugestivas a nivel temático que lo distinguen de las tinajas Belén regionales procedentes tanto de entierros contextualizados como descontextualizados, y lo vinculan con diseños de las piezas cerámica del mismo estilo documentadas en los valles del oriente, especialmente Hualfín; The burial Las Papas II (LP-II), excavated by a local inhabitant, is located in a node that enables the interconnection of the Fiambalá region with other environments, regional or extra-regional, and was dated in the 13th century. Along with the deceased, abundant and diverse objects were documented, among them, four Belén-style vessels. The hypothesis that maintains that it is the burial of a “traveller” is supported by bioarchaeological-isotopic information and pigment analyses. In this work we add an analytical line to contribute to the discussion of said hypothesis. We approach the visual analysis of the set of Belén vessels that accompany the burial and evaluate whether they resemble or differ, in morphometric, compositional, thematic and / or technical terms, from the languages defined for the Belén vessels recovered in the Fiambalá region. The results made possible to identify the particularity of the Belén set of LP-II and indicate that there are suggestive differences at the thematic level that distinguish it from the regional Belén vessels from both contextualized and decontextualized burials and link it with the designs of the ceramic pieces of the same style documented in the Eastern valleys, especially Hualfín

La Córdoba del interior profundo: Notas sobre una tensión Pagliarone, María Florencia A partir de la tensión entre lo provincial y lo nacional, el cordobesismo se presenta como “un discurso cargado de rebeldía contra el poder central”. Pagliarone propone reflexionar sobre la construcción de un antagonista por parte de la administración de Juan Schiaretti, encarnado en el gobierno nacional. Frente a ello aparece un “nosotros cordobés”, afirmado en la obra pública, en un Estado provincial concebido como empresa y en un sector prioritario ligado al complejo agroexportador, del cual el gobernador “se vuelve su legítimo defensor aun cuando sus demandas colisionen con el pretendido ideal de justicia social”.

South West Atlantic salt marshes as model systems for community and ecosystem ecology; Las marismas del sudoeste atlántico como sistemas modelo en ecología de comunidades y ecosistemas Daleo, Pedro; Alberti, Juan; Montemayor Borsinger, Diana Ireri; Giorgini, Micaela; Botto, Florencia; Pascual, Jesus Maria; Rocca, Camila; Iribarne, Oscar Osvaldo Las marismas del sudoeste atlántico como sistemas modelo en ecología de comunidades y ecosistemas. El uso de ciertas especies como sistemas modelo es común en algunas ramas de la biología (e.g., fisiología, biología molecular, genética). De manera similar, existen ecosistemas muy usados como modelo en ecología. Las marismas, por ejemplo, son sistemas relativamente simples, lo que los hace ideales para realizar experimentos manipulativos de campo. Por ello, son muy utilizadas para entender los determinantes de la estructura y el funcionamiento de comunidades y ecosistemas. Históricamente, la influencia de trabajos realizados en marismas tuvo gran impacto sobre el desarrollo de la ecología de comunidades como disciplina. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de los trabajos que dieron lugar a teorías y modelos generales provienen de unos pocos lugares, por lo que muchas veces, al querer ponerlos a prueba en otros sitios geográficos, los resultados obtenidos parecen no ajustarse a las predicciones. En este artículo hacemos una revisión de algunos trabajos, realizados en las marismas del sudoeste Atlántico durante más de 25 años, que ayudaron no sólo a que entendamos mejor el funcionamiento de las marismas en sí, sino también a extender el conocimiento más allá de estos sistemas en particular. En esta revisión mostramos cómo los resultados obtenidos en las marismas del SO Atlántico contribuyeron al entendimiento de 1) los efectos aislados e interactivos de factores bióticos y abióticos sobre la distribución de especies y hasta la estabilidad de los ecosistemas, 2) el rol integral de especies que pueden actuar simultáneamente como ingenieras y como consumidoras, 3) el balance entre procesos neutrales y determinísticos como reguladores de la estructura comunitaria, y 4) la regulación de los flujos entre ecosistemas. Sin embargo, estas marismas tienen mucho más para ofrecer, no sólo como modelos conceptuales que ayudan a calmar nuestra curiosidad intelectual, sino como ecosistemas clave en la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos.; Just as some species are used as model systems in organismal biology (e.g., physiology, genetics), many ecosystems are commonly used as model systems in ecology. Salt marshes, for instance, are great models to perform manipulative field experiments, and thus, were historically used to understand the drivers of community and ecosystem function. Decades of experimental work, indeed, made a strong contribution to community ecology as a discipline, but most of the emerged hypotheses and models were grounded in a few sites. When studies from new sites came onboard, looking to enlarge generalities, their results challenged the prevailing ideas. Here, we review more than 25 years of intense experimentation in South West Atlantic salt marshes, which helped not only to increase the knowledge about salt marsh functioning, but also to expand this knowledge beyond salt marshes helping to refine community and ecosystem function theory. We show that results coming from SW Atlantic marshes significantly contribute to understand 1) the separate and interactive effect of biotic and abiotic stress for species distribution and even for ecosystem stability, 2) the integrated role of species that can function as ecosystem engineers and as consumers, 3) the balance between stochastic and deterministic forces as drivers of community structure, and 4) the regulation of cross-ecosystem fluxes. Nevertheless, we believe SW Atlantic salt marshes still have a lot more to offer, not only as conceptual models that help satisfy our intellectual curiosity, but also as key ecosystems that provide valuable benefits to our societies.

Rheological curves for the MP-SSO and MP-SSO/Suc mixtures Flow curves (apparent viscosity vs. shear rate) and G’ and G” vs. time curves corresponding to the MP-SSO/Suc (0, 20, 30 and 40 vol%) systems

Individual XRD patterns of S30 and S40 pyrolyzed at 1300, 1400, and 1500 °C XRD patterns (X’Pert PRO, Panalytical) obtained using CuKα radiation, 40 mA, 40 kV, and 1 °2θ/min for S30 and S40 pyrolyzed at 1300, 1400, and 1500 °C

Comentario crítico de un estudio comparado sobre los impactos de la desintegración del bloque socialista en Corea del Norte Benítez, Matías En este trabajo, haremos un análisis crítico del artículo “Weathering the Storm, Toppled by the Storm: North Korea’s Non-transition Compared with the Transitions of Romania and Albania,1989–1991” (Capeando la tormenta, derribado por la tormenta: la no transición de Corea delNorte comparada con las transiciones de Rumania y Albania, 1989-1991) escrito por el historiador húngaro Balázs Szalontai. En esta investigación se examinan los factores domésticos y externos que llevaron al colapso de los regímenes comunistas de Rumania y Albania en 1989-1990 junto con aquellos que permitieron la supervivencia del régimen norcoreano post desintegración de la Unión Soviética. Estos factores (quince en total) se van a encontrar integrados en tres dimensiones relacionadas entre sí: socioeconómica, simbólica e internacional.

La yerba mate como fuente segura de polifenoles durante la lactancia humana; Yerba mate as a safe polyphenolic source during human lactation Scotta, Ana Veronica; Cortez, Mariela Valentina; Orosz, Luciana; Miranda, Agustín Ramiro; Soria, Elio Andres Introducción: el consumo de yerba mate está condicionado por supuestos sobre sus beneficios y riesgos para la lactancia materna, los cuales carecen de evidencia sólida. Objetivo: evaluar la seguridad de las infusiones de yerba mate durante la lactancia. Material y métodos: estudio transversal con 279 mujeres lactantes adultas de Argentina (años 2013-2020), en los primeros seis meses postparto, sin embarazo ni patologías activas. Se recopilaron datos sociales, reproductivos y alimentarios, índice de masa corporal y porcentaje de grasa corporal. Se estimó adherencia a patrones alimentarios, consumo de mate y sus fitoquímicos. Se analizaron marcadores nutricionales, oxidativos y tisulares en leche. Por la prueba de Wilcoxon, se compararon las medias de consumo según las variables recopiladas y por regresión no paramétrica de Kernel múltiple se evaluaron los efectos corporales y lácteos. Resultados: se encontró un amplio rango en la ingesta de infusiones y el mate cebado fue la principal forma consumida. Respecto a sus condicionantes, el mate cocido fue más bebido por mujeres sin pareja, mientras que el mate cebado fue más consumido por puérperas tardías, con empleo y nivel educativo ≥ 12 años. Además, estas infusiones constituyeron una fuente relevante de 18 ácidos hidroxicinámicos y flavonoides, que proveyeron diariamente más del 35% de los polifenoles dietarios. No se encontraron efectos corporales ni cambios en los niveles de los nutrientes y en los biomarcadores lácteos. Conclusiones: la yerba mate fue una fuente polifenólica segura que no comprometió la lactancia ni el estado nutricional materno.; Background: Yerba mate intake is conditioned by assumptions about its benefits and risks for breastfeeding, with a lack of solid evidence. Objective: To evaluate the safety of yerba mate teas during human lactation. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study with 279 adult lactating women from Argentina (years 2013-2020), during the first six months postpartum, without current pregnancy or active pathologies. Social, reproductive, and food data were compiled. Body mass index and percentage of body fat were also established. The adherence to dietary patterns, intake of yerba mate and its phytochemicals were estimated. Milk biochemistry included nutritional, oxidative and tissue markers. Intake means were compared using the Wilcoxon’s test depending on the data recorded, while the multiple nonparametric Kernel regression was used to evaluate the effects on body and milk. Results: It was found a wide range of intake, and tube-sipped tea was the main way of consumption. Concerning its constraints, in-cup tea was more used by women without a partner, whereas tube-sipped tea was consumed mainly by employed women, during late postpartum, and with 12 or more years of formal education. Additionally, these teas were an important source of 18 hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids. Moreover, yerba mate provided more than 35% of dietary polyphenols. No anthropometric effects or changes in milk nutrients and biomarkers were found. Conclusions: Yerba mate was a safe source of polyphenols, as it did not compromise lactation and maternal nutritional status.

Los valores y la formación docente: Un análisis axiológico desde el Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-40); Values and teacher education: An axiological analysis from the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-40); Valores e formação de professores: Uma análise axiológica do Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-40) Expósito, Cristián David; Marsollier, Roxana Graciela El docente es responsable de llevar a la práctica el diseño curricular de su área disciplinar; esto implica un conjunto de competencias profesionales indispensables para evaluar, valorar y elegir el modelo y las estrategias pedagógicas más adecuadas. Evidentemente, este proceso carga con todo un bagaje cultural sustentado por las propias estructuras valóricas que no son neutrales. En este sentido, el presente estudio tiene por objeto analizar la configuración de los perfiles axiológicos de docentes y estudiantes de carreras pedagógicas, mediante la aplicación del PVQ-40 (Portrait Values Questionnaire) de Shalom Schwartz. Se trabajó con una muestra de carácter intencional, compuesta por 337 participantes; de los cuales, 95 (28,2 %) contaban con título profesional docente y 242 (71,8 %) cursaban el profesorado en diferentes institutos de formación de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. En los resultados, se pueden apreciar diferencias significativas en relación con las variables sociodemográficas, el tipo de gestión de las instituciones educativas y la valoración de la carrera docente.; The teacher is responsible for putting into practice the curricular design of his/her disciplinary area; this implies a set of essential professional skills to evaluate, assess and choose the most appropriate model and pedagogical strategies. Obviously, this process implies a whole cultural baggage supported by the value structures themselves which are not neutral. In this sense, the present study aims to analyze the configuration of the axiological profiles of teachers and students of pedagogical careers, through the application of the PVQ-40 (Portrait Values Questionnaire) by Shalom Schwartz. We worked with an intentional sample, made up of 337 participants; of which, 95 (28.2%) had a professional teaching degree and 242 (71.8%) were teaching at different training institutes in the province of Mendoza-Argentina. In the results, significant differences can be seen in relation to sociodemographic variables, the type of administration of educational institutions and the assessment of the teaching career.; O professor é responsável por colocar em prática o desenho curricular da sua área disciplinar; isto supõe um conjunto de competências profissionais essenciais para avaliar, avaliar e escolher o modelo e as estratégias pedagógicas mais adequadas. Obviamente, esse processo implica toda uma bagagem cultural sustentada pelas próprias estruturas de valor que não são neutras. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a configuração dos perfis axiológicos de professores e alunos das carreiras pedagógicas, por meio da aplicação do PVQ-40 (Portrait Values Questionnaire) de Shalom Schwartz. Trabalhamos com uma amostra intencional, composta por 337 participantes; dos quais, 95 (28,2%) tinham licenciatura profissional e 242 (71,8%) lecionavam em diferentes institutos de formação na província de Mendoza-Argentina. Nos resultados, podem ser observadas diferenças significativas em relação às variáveis sociodemográficas, ao tipo de administração das instituições de ensino e à avaliação da carreira docente.

Gonadal tumor development in 46, XX disorders of gonadal development Costanzo, Mariana; Touzon, María Sol; Marino, Roxana Marcela; Guercio, Gabriela Viviana; Ramirez, Pablo; Mattone, María Celeste; Garrido, Natalia Pérez; Bailez, María Marcela; Vaiani, Elisa; Ciaccio, Marta Graciela Cristina; Galluzzo Mutti, María Laura; Belgorosky, Alicia; Berensztein, Esperanza Beatriz Background: Differences/disorders of sex development (DSD) are congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Objective: The aim of this study is to report the histological characteristics and immunoexpression patterns of gonadal parenchyma in patients with 46,XX testicular and ovotesticular DSD, with a focus on the detection of germ cell malignancies. Design: Inclusion criteria were SRY-negative 46,XX testicular and ovotesticular DSD with available samples from gonadal biopsy or gonadectomy for the review of histological findings. Gonadal histology was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and immunohistochemical analysis. Histopathological criteria from the last World Health Organization classification of urogenital tumors were used to identify undifferentiated gonadal tissue, gonadoblastoma, and dysgerminoma. Results: Median age at first histological evaluation of gonadal samples was 1.46 years (range: 0.16–16 years). Totally 15 patients were classified as ovotesticular and only 1 as testicular DSD. Most individuals had bilateral ovotestes (12/15). No histological alterations were found in the ovarian parenchyma, while signs of dysgenesis were seen in all cases of testicular parenchyma. In 4/15 ovotesticular DSD, a prepubertal biopsy failed to identify ovarian parenchyma. We detected early prepubertal preinvasive and invasive malignancies in this cohort (five patients had undifferentiated gonadal tissue, five gonadoblastoma, and one dysgerminoma). Conclusion: 46,XX disorders of gonadal development are historically considered at a low risk for germ cell cancer, and the need for assessment of gonadal histology has been questioned. The finding of early germ cell malignancies in our cohort brings awareness and needs further research.

Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 exploits Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 biofilm to overgrow in dual-species macrocolonies Díaz, Pablo R.; Romero, Manuel; Pagnussatt, Luciana; Amenta, Melina Beatriz; Valverde, Claudio Fabián; Cámara, Miguel; Creus, Cecilia M.; Maroniche, Guillermo Andrés Biofilms are essential for plant-associated bacteria to colonize their host. In this work, we analysed the interaction of Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 in mixed macrocolony biofilms. We identified certain culture conditions where A. baldaniorum Sp245 exploits P. fluorescens A506 to boost its growth. Azospirillum growth increased proportionally to the initial number of pseudomonads building the biofilm, which in turn were negatively affected in their growth. Physical contact with P. fluorescens A506 was essential for A. baldaniorum Sp245 growth increase. Biofilm ultrastructure analysis revealed that Pseudomonas produces a thick structure that hosts Azospirillum cells in its interior. Additional experimentation demonstrated that Azospirillum growth boost is compromised when interacting with biofilm-deficient Pseudomonas mutants, and that a low oxygen concentration strongly induce A. baldaniorum Sp245 growth, overriding Pseudomonas stimulation. In this line, we used a microaerophilia reporter strain of A. baldaniorum Sp245 to confirm that dual-species macrocolonies contain a higher number of cells under microaerophilic conditions. Taking all the results into consideration, we propose that A. baldaniorum Sp245 can benefit from P. fluorescens A506 partnership in mixed biofilms by taking advantage of the low oxygen concentration and scaffold made up of Pseudomonas-derived matrix, to expand its growth.

Revision of recluse spiders (Araneae: Sicariidae: Loxosceles) preserved in Dominican amber and a totalevidence phylogeny of Scytodoidea reveal the first fossil Drymusidae Fiorini de Magalhaes, Ivan Luiz; Pérez González, Abel; Labarque, Facundo Martín; Carboni, Martín Federico; Hammel, Jörg U.; Kunz, Robin; Ramirez, Martin Javier; Solórzano Kraemer, Mónica M. Recluse or violin spiders in the genus Loxosceles (Scytodoidea: Sicariidae) are a diverse group (~140 extant species) including medically important species and distributed mainly in the Americas, Africa, and the Mediterranean region. In addition, this genus includes three fossil species from Miocene Dominican amber. Here we revise the taxonomy of these fossil species by examining, imaging and re-describing their type specimens. We find that L. defecta Wunderlich, 1988 and L. deformis Wunderlich, 1988 are bona fide members of the genus and report additional characters overlooked in their original descriptions. We further study the holotype of L. aculicaput Wunderlich, 2004 using synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography to reveal previously unknown morphological details hidden by fissures in the amber. We found several characters inconsistent with Loxosceles but consistent with Drymusa (false violin spiders; Scytodoidea: Drymusidae), such as three claws, well-developed podotarsite, and a broad colulus. This suggests the species is misplaced in Loxosceles. To test this hypothesis, we estimated a total-evidence phylogeny of the superfamily Scytodoidea including extant and fossil taxa, morphological data, traditional molecular markers, and sequences of ultra-conserved elements. The results show unambiguously that L. aculicaput belongs to Drymusa and is a close relative of extant species of the genus inhabiting the Greater Antilles. Therefore, we here transfer this species to Drymusa, establishing a new combination and new family assignment. Drymusa aculicaput comb. nov. represents the first known fossil Drymusidae and shows that crown members of this genus already existed in the Miocene.

Geoarchaeology and zooarchaeology of Border Cave, South Africa: Initial multiproxy considerations of stratigraphy and site formation processes from the Backwell et al. excavations Stratford, Dominic; Clark, Jamie L.; Wojcieszak, Marine; Wadley, Lyn; d'Errico, Francesco; de la Peña, Paloma; Esteban, Graciela Irene; Sievers, Christine; Banks, William E.; Beard, Thomas; Horn, Maryke; Shadrach, Kelita; Morrissey, Peter; Mauran, Guilhem; Backwell, Lucinda Ruth Border Cave (BC) has accumulated over 200,000 years of archaeological deposits that document remarkable evidence of human behaviour during the Middle and Later Stone Age. For nearly fifty years, researchers have relied on the stratigraphic framework established by Peter Beaumont in 1973, in which the deposits are lithostratigraphically categorized into a sequence of alternating ‘Brown Sand’ (BS) and ‘White Ash’ (WA) members. Geoarchaeological work in the 1970s focused on stratigraphic sequencing of the anthropogenic assemblages, and proposed broad correlations between autogenic contributions and environmental conditions. The research presented here was undertaken as part of a new excavation campaign at Border Cave started in 2015 under the direction of Backwell at al. Re-examining the stratigraphic context of the deposits and assessing site formation processes are among the key goals of this project; this will enable finer-scale intra- and inter-member comparative analyses of the artefacts and ecofacts recovered at the site. In this paper, we apply a facies and allostratigraphic approach to assess the stratigraphic sequence exposed through the Backwell et al. excavations. We also provide an initial assessment of the prevailing site formation processes active in the deposition and modification of the sediments. The geoarchaeological data are integrated with new zooarchaeological and taphonomic evidence in order to explore inter- and intra-unit patterns throughout the sequence. Results of this work are: (1) exposed sediments can be broadly correlated to members of the Beaumont sequence; (2) we clearly define member boundaries, reassess member stratigraphic complexity and recognise finer intra-member layering; (3) geoarchaeological and taphonomic studies demonstrate that the sediments have been subjected to greater post-depositional disturbance than was previously recognised and affect all levels of the sequence; (4) overall, faunal density at BC appears to be much lower than that at other Middle Stone Age sites such as Blombos and Sibudu; (5) multiproxy analysis suggests that WA and BS members have distinctive taphonomic histories that cross-cut the identified archaeological industries. As such, caution is warranted when combining BS and WA members for analysis of artefacts and ecofacts.

Taxonomic Diversity of the Freshwater Zooplankton in Argentina: A Review Jose, Susana Beatriz; Marinone, María Cristina; Kuppers, Gabriela Cristina; Claps, María Cristina; Paggi, Juan Cesar Argentina, an extensive country located in southern South America, encompasses a considerable range of latitude and altitude, with a high diversity of lowland and highland waterbodies. Our study is aimed at providing information regarding the current taxonomic diversity of the main groups of the country's inland-water zooplankton. A total of 242 Protozoa, 375 Rotifera Monogononta, 170 Cladocera, and 120 Copepoda species and subspecies are reported. We submit considerations of the current level of taxonomic knowledge, the regional distribution of the species, and the biogeographical (or zoogeographical) aspects. Since most research was focused on a few regions or a small number of water bodies within large regions, many habitats have been scarcely studied, particularly in areas with wide seasonal or interannual variability. We assume that the potential species number in all groups is much higher than currently recognized. Further studies at wider spatial and temporal scales and at a higher taxonomical resolution as well, are needed in order to provide a full picture of the zooplankton diversity of Argentina.

Dispersion of arsenic species from highly explosive historical volcanic eruptions in Patagonia Bia, Gonzalo Luis; Garcia, Maria Gabriela; Cosentino, Nicolás J.; Borgnino Bianchi, Laura Carolina Andean volcanic rocks typically have low to moderate arsenic (As) concentrations. However, elevated levels of As in groundwaters of southern South America have been reported as a consequence of weathering of volcanic glass. This study discusses the abundance, speciation and dispersion of As species in fresh volcanic ash from highly explosive (Volcanic Explosivity Index: 4–5) Patagonian eruptions, as well as the potential of As release to aqueous reservoirs. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption and micro-focused X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were used to evaluate As solid speciation. Batch experiments at different pH conditions were performed with the aim of understanding the controls on As release to aqueous reservoirs. Bulk chemical and mineralogical characterizations were performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy. Finally, to understand how As-bearing phases are spatially distributed after eruptions, simulations of volcanic ash emission, transport and deposition were performed. Results indicate that the concentration, speciation, and mobility of As in fresh Patagonian volcanic ash depend on the silica content of source magmas. Although the main As host in volcanic ash is Al-silicate glass, this phase is stable at neutral pH characteristic of most aqueous reservoirs. Higher contributions of As to water are associated with the more mobile As species that concentrate onto the surface of Al-silicate glass. Atmospheric dispersion simulations revealed that primary fallout of As-bearing ash has affected large areas in Patagonia, but also reached the Chaco-Pampean plain, where the presence of As-rich groundwater has been widely documented.

The Calern Asteroid Polarisation Survey: An updated catalogue of asteroid polarimetric data Bendjoya, P.; Cellino, A.; Rivet, J. P.; Devogèle, M.; Bagnulo, S.; Abe, L.; Vernet, D.; Gil Hutton, Ricardo Alfredo; Veneziani, A. Context. The Calern Asteroid Polarimetric Survey (CAPS), a collaboration between the INAF Astrophysical Observatory of Torino (Italy) and the Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (Nice, France), has produced new asteroid polarimetric data for a number of years, and is one of the most important, currently active projects of asteroid polarimetry. Aims. The purpose of this paper is to make public the CAPS data collected thus far, to explain the adopted techniques of data reduction and computation of phase-polarisation curves for the measured objects, and explain, by means of some examples, the importance of the CAPS database. Methods. The pipeline of data reduction has been recently updated and made as automatic as possible, using numerical algorithms developed specifically for the purposes of CAPS. The derivation of phase-polarisation curves for the observed asteroids is done using established criteria and algorithms that have recently been slightly improved, and are also summarised in this paper. Results. The CAPS catalogue is a steadily growing source of information which can be exploited for different purposes, including, but not limited to, an updated calibration of the relations existing between different polarimetric parameters and the geometric albedo of the objects, and a study of classes of objects that can be most easily identified by means of their polarimetric properties. These subjects will be more specifically discussed in separate papers. Conclusions. Asteroid polarimetry data nicely complement the results of other more commonly used techniques, including visible and IR photometry and spectroscopy. CAPS contains a lot of much-desired information about physical properties, which can hardly be inferred by means of other techniques.

Hypovitaminosis D in patients with type 2 diabetes: risk factors and association with glycemic control and established microvascular complications; Hipovitaminosis D en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2: factores de riesgo y asociación con control glucémico y complicaciones microvasculares establecidas; Hipovitaminose D em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2: fatores de risco e associação com controle glicêmico e complicações microvasculares estabelecidas Ramírez Stieben, Luis Agustín; Dobry, Raquel; Anca, Lilian; González, Adrián; López, María Isabel; Bayo, Salvador; Sánchez, Ariel; Brance, María Lorena Introduction: Several studies reported than vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of macrovascular and microvascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We investigated the plasma levels of 25OHD in adult patients T2DM, risk factors for 25OHD deficiency and the relationship between 25OHD, glycemic control and chronic complications of T2DM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 25OHD levels were evaluated in adult patients (over 18 years) with T2DM. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the interdependence of the 25OHD with other continuous variables. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was also performed to identify cutoff values for diagnosing vitamin D deficiency. Logistic regression was performed to identify the independent association between vitamin D deficiency and the variables associated with lower 25OHD. Results: 208 patients were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 62 years. The 25OHD level was 19 ng/ml (IQR 13.28-24.43), 59.78% had vitamin D deficiency, and 10.33% had severe deficiency. Glycemia, HbA1c, and BMI were negatively correlated with 25OHD. Cutoff point for vitamin D deficiency was 33.39 kg/m2 for body mass index (BMI), 123 mg/dl for glycemia, and 6.65% for HbA1c. In multivariate logistic regression, BMI>33.39 kg/m2 , glycemia>123.5 mg/dl, and albuminuria presented higher odds of vitamin D deficiency. Major conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent among patients with T2DM. Low levels were related to higher fasting plasma glucose, higher BMI, and diabetic nephropathy.; Introducción: Varios estudios reportaron que la deficiencia de vitamina D aumenta el riesgo de enfermedad macrovascular y microvascular en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Investigamos los niveles de 25OHD en adultos con DM2, factores de riesgo de deficiencia de 25OHD y relación entre 25OHD, control glucémico y complicaciones crónicas de la DM2. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que se evaluaron los niveles de 25OHD en adultos (mayores de 18 años) con DM2. Se realizaron análisis de correlación para evaluar la interdependencia de la 25OHD con otras variables continuas. Se realizó un análisis de las características operativas del receptor para identificar valores de corte para diagnóstico de deficiencia de vitamina D. Se realizó una regresión logística para identificar asociación independiente entre deficiencia de 25OHD y variables asociadas con una menor 25OHD. Resultados: Se analizaron 208 pacientes. La edad media fue 62 años. El nivel de 25OHD fue 19 ng/ml (IQR 13.28-24.43), 59.78% tenía deficiencia de vitamina D y 10.33% tenía deficiencia severa. Glucemia, HbA1c y IMC correlacionaron negativamente con 25OHD. El punto de corte para deficiencia de vitamina D fue 33,39 kg/m2 para índice de masa corporal (IMC), 123 mg/dl para glucemia y 6,65% para HbA1c. En la regresión logística multivariada, IMC >33,39 kg/m2 , glucemia >123,5 mg/dl y albuminuria presentaron mayores probabilidades de deficiencia de vitamina D. Conclusión principal: La deficiencia de vitamina D fue altamente prevalente en los pacientes con DM2. Niveles bajos de 25OHD se relacionaron con mayor glucemia, mayor IMC y nefropatía diabética.; Introdução: Vários estudos relataram que a deficiência de vitamina D aumenta o risco de doença macrovascular e microvascular em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Nós investigamos os níveis de 25OHD em adultos com DM2, fatores de risco para deficiência de 25OHD e a relação entre 25OHD, controle glicêmico e complicações crônicas do DM2. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em que os níveis de 25OHD foram avaliados em adultos (maiores de 18 anos) com DM2. Análises de correlação foram realizadas para avaliar a interdependência de 25OHD como utrasvariáveis contínuas. Uma análise das características operatórias do receptor foi realizada para identificar valores de corte para o diagnóstico de deficiência de vitamina D. Uma regressão logística foi realizada para identificar uma associação independente entre a deficiência de 25OHD e variáveis associadas a uma menor 25OHD. Resultados: 208 pacientes foram analisados. A média de idade foi de 62 anos. O nível de 25OHD foi de 19 ng/ml (IQR 13,28-24,43), 59,78% eram deficientes em vitamina D e 10,33% eram severamente deficientes. Glicemia, HbA1c e IMC correlacionaram-se negativamente com 25OHD. O ponto de corte para deficiência de vitamina D foi de 33,39 kg/m2 para índice de massa corporal (IMC), 123 mg/dl para glicose no sangue e 6,65% para HbA1c. Na regressão logística multivariada, IMC> 33,39 kg/m2 , glicemia >123,5 mg/dl e albuminúria apresentaram maiores probabilidades de deficiência de vitamina D. Conclusão principal: A deficiência de vitamina D foi altamente prevalente em pacientes com DM2. Níveis baixos de 25OHD foram associados a maior glicose no sangue, maior IMC e nefropatia diabética.

Agroecología en el Sudeste Bonaerense: Controversias del Sistema Participativo de Garantía (SPG); Agroecology in the Southeast of Buenos Aires: Controversies of Participatory Guarantee System Etcheverriborde, María Alejandra; Cendón, María Laura; Molpeceres, María Celeste; Rodriguez, Julieta Alejandra; Zulaica, Maria Laura; Rouvier, Marisa El presente artículo tiene como objetivo cartografiar controversias en la construcción del SPG del Sudeste Bonaerense en torno a la agroecología y se organiza en los siguientes ejes temáticos: las dimensiones de la agroecología y la calidad de los alimentos agroecológicos. La cartografía de controversias resulta una herramienta de gran utilidad para el rastreo y seguimiento de agentes, humanos y no-humanos, visiones y debates que revelan las particularidades de una controversia; para ello, se empleó una estrategia metodológica de tipo cualitativa, la etnografía multisituada, apoyada en observación participante, notas de campo y datos secundarios. De los conflictos analizados en torno a qué se entiende por agroecología, qué alimentos agroecológicos valorizar y qué garantías de calidad brindará el SPG, destacan cuatro grupos de visiones o posiciones: (1) los que abogan por alimentos sin agroquímicos; (2) los “permisivos” de la transición a la agroecología; (3) los que vinculan la agroecología con la soberanía alimentaria, y (4) los que se oponen o actúan como limitantes al desarrollo de la agroecología.; This article aims to map controversies in the construction of the PGS of Southeast Buenos Aires around agroecology and is organized in the following thematic axes: the dimensions of agroecology and the quality of agroecological foods. Controversy mapping is very useful for tracking and monitoring agents, human and non-human, visions, and debates that reveal the particularities of a dispute. A qualitative methodological strategy was used, multi-situated ethnography, supported by participant observation, field notes and secondary data. Of the conflicts analyzed around what is meant by agroecology, what agroecological foods to value, and what quality guarantees the SPG will provide, four groups of visions or positions stand out: (1) those who advocate food without agrochemicals; (2) the “permissive” of the transition to agroecology; (3) those that link agroecology with food sovereignty, and (4) those that oppose or limit the development of agroecology.

¿Qué nos cuenta el herbario BA sobre las plantas de Malvinas? Gutierrez, Diego Germán; Stampacchio, Monica Liliana; Tancoff, Soledad El Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” (MACN-CONICET) (PORTADA) está ubicado en el centro geográfico de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Ha sido testigo y partícipe de la historia de las ciencias naturales de nuestro país desde hace más de dos siglos. En su Área de Botánica se encuentra el herbario BA (acrónimo internacional), en el cual se conservan especímenes de plantas, algas y hongos recolectados desde principios del siglo XIX hasta nuestros días. La principal colección está formada por muestras herborizadas (secas y prensadas, sobre cartulinas y en carpetas) de unas 240.000 plantas vasculares, es decir, aquellas que poseen un tejido especializado para conducir la savia (ej. licofitas, helechos, gimnospermas y plantas con flores). Una colección destacada es la de las Islas Malvinas, generada por las recolecciones del botánico y explorador sueco Carl Skottsberg (1880-1963) y las del último “naturalista viajero” del MACN, el argentino Mauricio Rumboll (1940-2021).