"Matafísicas": El pez de oro de Gamaliel Churata y la teoría de la secularización; "Matafísicas": El pez de oro of Gamaliel Churata and the Theory of Secularization Di Benedetto, Matías Nicolás Este artículo busca el relevamiento de la visión animista que identifica materia y espíritu en tanto rechazo de la trascendencia entendida como negación de lo corpóreo, tal y como aparece a menudo en los presupuestos filosóficos del cristianismo. Si para Churata dicha unidad está dada a partir de una cadena vital que entiende la existencia como un estado de permanencia, esta teología material define al sujeto a partir de la idea andina de hallpakamaska, el soplo animador de los dioses, y se presenta como una instancia de redefinición de la retórica emancipatoria de la modernidad a partir de aspecto propios de la cosmología andina, tales como la complementariedad y la inclusión en oposición directa a la dicotomía y las exclusiones propias de la cultura occidental, por ejemplo, entre lo sagrado y lo profano, distinción central para la teoría de la secularización. En este sentido, podrá observarse la importancia que concentra la figura del layka para la organización del libro–rito puesto que representa la textualización de las prácticas y saberes andinos entendidos como instancias de reapropiación del imaginario católico.; This article seeks to survey the animist vision that identifies matter and spirit as a rejection of transcendence, understood as a negation of the corporeal, as it often appears in the philosophical assumptions of Christianity. If for Churata said unity is given from a vital chain that understands existence as a state of permanence, this material theology defines the subject from the Andean idea of hallpakamaska, the animating breath of the gods, and is presented as a instance of redefining the emancipatory rhetoric of modernity based on aspects typical of Andean cosmology, such as complementarity and inclusion in direct opposition to the dichotomy and exclusions typical of Western culture, for example, between the sacred and the profane, central distinction for the theory of secularization. In this sense, it will be possible to observe the importance that the figure of the layka concentrates for the organization of the book-rite since it represents the textualization of Andean practices and knowledge understood as instances of reappropriation of the Catholic imaginary

Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates Zanne, Amy E.; Flores Moreno, Habacuc; Powell, Jeff R.; Cornwell, William K.; Dalling, James W.; Austin, Amy Theresa; Classen, Aimée T.; Eggleton, Paul; Okada, Kei Ichi; Parr, Catherine; Carol Adair, E.; Adu Bredu, Stephen; Alam, Md Azharul; Alvarez Garzón, Carolina; Apgaua, Deborah; Aragón, Myriam Roxana; Ardon, Marcelo; Arndt, Stefan K.; Ashton, Louise A.; Barber, Nicholas A.; Beauchêne, Jacques; Berg, Matty P.; Beringer, Jason; Boer, Matthias M.; Bonet, José Antonio; Bunney, Katherine; Burkhardt, Tynan J.; Carvalho, Dulcinéia; Castillo Figueroa, Dennis; Cernusak, Lucas A. Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)—even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth’s surface.

Debates abiertos y pendientes en torno a la previsión social argentina Torres, Maria Sol El sistema previsional argentino está sistema diseñado y reglamentado para ser principalmente contributivo. Así, el acceso a la cobertura se encuentra condicionado a la acreditación de una historia de contribuciones mínima (de 30 años) además de cumplir con la edad jubilatoria. Como resultado, tiende a excluir sistemáticamente a las personas cuyas trayectorias laborales hayan estado afectadas por el empleo no registrado (ya sea asalariado o independiente), el desempleo de larga duración o recurrente y/o la dedicación al trabajo no remunerado (que afecta en mayor medida a las mujeres).Otra cuestión que hace a las características estructurales del sistema previsional argentino es la estratificación de los beneficios. Ello no sólo implica una segmentación por la que las prestaciones no contributivas tienden a ser de menor calidad, sino también una distribución de prestaciones contributivas de diferente calidad (es decir, con diferente capacidad de consumo). Ello se debe a que los haberes iniciales se estipulan con criterios de sustitución individual de ingresos laborales y tasas de reemplazo que dependen de la cantidad de años cotizados. Como resultado de este diseño institucional, el gasto previsional tiende a mostrar una concentración pro rico, es decir, que se invierte relativamente más en los sectores económicamente más favorecidos a lo largo de sus vidas. El financiamiento del sistema previsional es, supuestamente, contributivo. Así, las jubilaciones y pensiones pagadas en un momento se financiarían con los aportes de trabajadores y las contribuciones patronales de quienes se encuentran en actividad. En este esquema, existen diferentes factores que pueden deteriorar el financiamiento. Por un lado, la evolución del mercado laboral: el deterioro del empleo, y/o de su nivel de formalidad, así como el deterioro de la distribución primaria en detrimento de los ingresos laborales. El artículo identifica y analiza las políticas previsionales implementadas durante el SXXI en torno a estas tres dimensiones del sistema previsional, acceso, distribución y sostenibilidad.

Estudio exploratorio y descriptivo de la composición mineral del agua de bebida en producciones porcinas de las localidades de Anguil y Uriburu, La Pampa, Argentina; Exploratory and descriptive study of the mineral composition of drinking water in swine productions in Anguil and Uriburu, La Pampa, Argentina Murcia, Vanina Nerea; Beneitez, Adrián Horacio; Cora Jofré, Florencia; Kloster, Nanci Soledad; Perez, Maria Micaela; Savio, Marianela El agua es un nutriente esencial para los animales. La contaminación química del agua es una preocupación para los productores porcinos, porque los contaminantes minerales disminuyen la palatabilidad, reduciendo el consumo de alimento, disminuye la eficiencia de conversión, aumenta el tiempo para llegar al peso de faena. En la provincia de La Pampa, no existen estudios que determinen la concentración mineral del agua en campos destinados a la producción porcina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo de la composición mineral del agua de bebida de 16 granjas porcinas con producciones al aire libre de las localidades de Anguil y Uriburu de la provincia de La Pampa. Se calcularon las medias de las variables químicas. Se analizó la dispersión de los datos en rangos de salinidad, sólo el 6,25% de los campos contienen aguas seguras para el consumo porcino, el 37,5% corresponden a aguas satisfactorias, el 18,75% tienen aguas que podrían consumirse evitando altos niveles y el 37,5% de los campos muestreados tienen aguas con niveles de superiores a 7000 ppm STD siendo no recomendables para consumo animal. Con respecto a los iones el F se encontró en altas concentraciones fue 6,56 ± 1,47 ppm. Se recomienda mezclar las aguas de mala calidad con aguas de mejor calidad para disminuir los parámetros no recomendados. Los valores encontrados son de utilidad para evaluar nuevos avances y ampliar el estudio, incorporando más localidades de estudio y correlacionando los datos encontrados con observaciones a campo a lo largo de un periodo de tiempo. A su vez, sería interesante plantear un programa de monitoreo de agua subterránea de los mismos pozos y extenderlo a acuíferos de la zona.; Water is an essential nutrient for animals. Chemical contamination of water is a concern for pig producers, because mineral contaminants decrease palatability, reducing feed intake, decrease conversion efficiency, increase time to market weight. In the province of La Pampa, there are no studies which determine the mineral concentration of water in fields destined for pig production. The aim of this study was to carry out an exploratory study of the mineral composition of drinking water from 16 pig farms with outdoor production in the towns of Anguil and Uriburu in the province of La Pampa. The means of the chemical variables were assessed. The dispersion of the data in salinity ranges was analyzed, only 6.25% of the fields contain safe water for pig consumption, 37.5% correspond to satisfactory water, 18.75% have water that could be consumed by promoting high levels and 37.5% of the sampled fields have water with levels higher than 7000 ppm STD, being not recommended for animal consumption. About the ions, F found in high concentrations was 6.56 ± 1.47 ppm. It is recommended to mix poor quality water with better quality water to reduce non-recommended parameters. The values found are useful for evaluating new developments and expanding the study, incorporating more locations of study, and correlating the data found with field observations over a period of time. Also, it would be interesting to propose a groundwater monitoring program for the same wells and extend it to aquifers in the area.

Factors contributing to rural extension agents’ support for a transfer of technology (ToT) approach: a multiple linear regression analysis Landini, Fernando Pablo; Conti, Santiago Purpose: This article aims at identifying the individual factors and socio-demographic variables contributing to extension agents’ support for a ToT extension approach. Design/Methodology/Approach: A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using samples of extension agents from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Nigeria. Findings: The main factors explaining the support to a ToT extension approach are: the tendency to blame farmers, understanding extension as a participatory process of dialogue and inter-institutional coordination, prioritizing the modernization of farmers’ production, and supporting conventional modern agriculture. The main factors reducing the support for a ToT approach are having a self-critical attitude, prioritizing the creation and strengthening of farmer organizations, having a university degree, and being an experienced extension agent. Practical Implications: The results are useful for institutions interested in changing the profile of their extension personnel and in moving away from a ToT extension approach. Theoretical Implications: Extension agents supporting a ToT approach assume that they know what is best for farmers without really acknowledging them as experienced individuals with self-determination and rationale of their own. The development of a self-critical attitude, resulting from field experience and reflection on practice seems to play a key role in questioning the assumptions of the ToT extension approach. Originality/Value: This is the first study to analyze the factors contributing to extension agents’ support for a ToT approach conducted using a multiple linear regression.

The effects of CO2 level and temperature on embryos and free embryos of the Patagonian pejerrey Odontesthes hatcheri (Actinopterygii, Atherinopsidae) Crichigno, Sonia Alejandra; Cussac, Victor Enrique Climate Change includes an increase of both the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and of global temperature. Embryos (= eggs) of Odontesthes hatcheri were collected in spring–summer from the littoral of Lake Morenito (Andes of Argentina). Embryos and free embryos were exposed to different temperatures (within a currently natural thermal range) and CO2 levels (obtained by bubbling lake water with gaseous CO2). High temperature and high CO2 led to low embryonic survival. Embryonic abnormalities were observed. Incidence of colorless blood cells and delayed dorsal pigmentation increased significantly at high CO2 level. Free embryo survival decreased with time, being particularly low at high CO2 level. Free embryo body shape also signaled the effects of high CO2. The combined effect of temperature and CO2 was additive. As temperature and atmospheric pCO2 increasing continues, the best survival at hatching observed in our experiments (50–60%, pH 7.5, 14 °C) will deteriorate (< 20% at 18 °C and pH 7.0). These Climate Change-related results and the fact that the species is already threatened by translocated species suggest a fragile situation. Spatial variation of temperature and pCO2 led us to reconsider the suitability of shallow littoral vegetated areas of the lakes as anti-predatory refuges for fish early life periods.

CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor is a Target for Neuroprotection in Light Induced Retinal Degeneration Soliño, Manuel; Larráyoz, Ignacio M.; Lopez, Ester Maria; Rey Funes, Manuel; Bareiro, Nidia Mariana; Loidl, Cesar Fabian; Girardi, Elena Silvia; Caltana, Laura Romina; Brusco, Herminia Alicia; Martinez, Alfredo; López, Juan José In the last few years, an increasing interest in the neuroprotective effect of cannabinoidshas taken place. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of modulatingcannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in the context of light induced retinal degeneration (LIRD),using an animal model that resembles many characteristics of human age-related maculardegeneration (AMD) and other degenerative diseases of the outer retina. Sprague Dawleyrats (n = 28) were intravitreally injected in the right eye with either a CB1 agonist (ACEA), oran antagonist (AM251). Contralateral eyes were injected with respective vehicles ascontrols. Then, rats were subjected to continuous illumination (12,000 lux) for 24 h.Retinas from 28 animals were processed by GFAP-immunohistochemistry (IHC),TUNEL technique, Western blotting (WB), or qRT-PCR. ACEA-treated retinas showeda significantly lower number of apoptotic nuclei in the outer nuclear layer (ONL), lower levelsof activated Caspase-3 by WB, and lower levels of glial reactivity by both GFAP-IHC andWB. qRT-PCR revealed that ACEA significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2 andCYP1A1. Conversely, AM251-treated retinas showed a higher number of apoptotic nucleiin the ONL, higher levels of activated Caspase-3 by WB, and higher levels of glial reactivityas determined by GFAP-IHC and WB. AM251 increased the expression of Bcl-2, Bad,Bax, Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), GFAP, and TNFα. In summary, the stimulation ofthe CB1 receptor, previous to the start of the pathogenic process, improved the survival ofphotoreceptors exposed to LIRD. The modulation of CB1 activity may be used as aneuroprotective strategy in retinal degeneration and deserves further studies

An in silico analysis revealed a novel evolutionary lineage of putative mitoviruses Jacquat, Andrés Gustavo; Ulla, Sofía Belén; Debat, Humberto Julio; Muñoz Adalia, Emigdio Jordán; Theumer, Martín Gustavo; Garcia Pedrajas, Maria Dolores; Dambolena, José Sebastián Mitoviruses (family Mitoviridae) are small capsid-less RNA viruses that replicate in the mitochondria of fungi and plants. However, to date, the only authentic animal mitovirus infecting an insect was identified as Lutzomyia longipalpis mitovirus 1 (LulMV1). Public databases of transcriptomic studies from several animals may be a good source for identifying the often missed mitoviruses. Consequently, a search of mitovirus-like transcripts at the NCBI transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) library, and a search for the mitoviruses previously recorded at the NCBI non-redundant (nr) protein sequences library, were performed in order to identify new mitovirus-like sequences associated with animals. In total, 10 new putative mitoviruses were identified in the TSA database and 8 putative mitoviruses in the nr protein database. To our knowledge, these results represent the first evidence of putative mitoviruses associated with poriferan, cnidarians, echinoderms, crustaceans, myriapods and arachnids. According to different phylogenetic inferences using the maximum likelihood method, these 18 putative mitoviruses form a robust monophyletic lineage with LulMV1, the only known animal-infecting mitovirus. These findings based on in silico procedures provide strong evidence for the existence of a clade of putative mitoviruses associated with animals, which has been provisionally named ‘kvinmitovirus’.

Critical insights from alloys and composites of Ni-based electrocatalysts for HER on NaCl electrolyte Ysea, Nadia Belén; Benavente Llorente, Victoria; Loiácono, Antonella; Lagucik Marquez, Lucrecia; Diaz, Liliana; Lacconi, Gabriela Ines; Franceschini, Esteban Andrés It is critical to minimize the cost of materials and inputs used in hydrogen production and to create solutions for large-scale generation to reduce the cost of hydrogen produced. Seawater is a natural low-cost electrolyte with high Na+ and Cl- concentrations, among other soluble salts. Chloride ions allow a highly corrosive media to the materials typically used as electrodes. In this work, we have prepared and tested different Ni-based catalysts for hydrogen evolution in NaCl-containing solutions. NiMo alloy, Ni(WO3), and Ni(Nb2O5) composites are compared and studied from a critical point of view to find a viable solution for catalysis in seawater electrolysis. The NiMo catalyst presents a higher dissolution rate in the NaCl medium than all synthesized catalysts. Furthermore, Ni-based composites showed improved durability due to a decrease in dissolution, and an increase in catalytic activity when using Nb2O5 as the dispersed phase. The Ni(Nb2O5) electrodes presented the higher catalytic activity in NaCl solution, even higher than that found in NiMo catalyst.

Characterization of autochthonous lactobacilli from goat dairy products with probiotic potential for metabolic diseases Márquez, María Antonela; Andrada, Lidia Estefania; Russo, Matias Irineo; Bolondi, María Luján; Fabersani Marrades, Mario Emanuel; Medina, Roxana Beatriz; Gauffin Cano, María Paola The present study aimed to design functional fermented goat milk with probiotic potential for metabolic diseases. Thereby, autochthonous lactobacilli from goat dairy products that target improving the inflammatory, lipid, and glycemic profile were characterized. We designed fermented goat milk using Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus CRL1447 as starter strain, supplemented with different probiotic consortia formed by Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL1446, Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum CRL1449, and CRL1472 strains. These lactobacilli were selected for their positive effects on inhibition of α-glucosidase, bile salts hydrolase activity, cholesterol assimilation, and decreased triglyceride percentage in Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, the lactobacilli oral administration to obese mice caused a significant decrease in body weight gain and ameliorated hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia. These results reveal the potential of this goat dairy product as a functional food to prevent obesity and related pathologies. Goat milk-derived products stand out for their marketing potential. Hence, fermented goat milk incorporating novel probiotics represents a group of food products with broad prospects by their promising nutritive and therapeutic properties for metabolic diseases. The goat dairy product designed in this study could be used in the prevention of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in obese people.

Segmentation and densification of the residential fragmentation process in the City of Córdoba, Argentina (1991-2010); Segmentación y densificación del proceso de fragmentación residencial en la Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina (1991-2010) Lemma, Martín Hernán A partir del análisis de las estrategias de localización, segmentación y densificación de los barrios cerrados en la Ciudad de Córdoba entre 1991 y 2010, este artículo estudia la evolución del proceso de fragmentación urbana y residencial de la ciudad en el marco de la globalización. Durante estas dos décadas, se verifica el avance de los barrios cerrados como espacio para el hábitat de los grupos pertenecientes a la cúpula socioeconómica cordobesa. Más aún, se diversifica el mercado residencial y aumenta la densidad bruta de las cuatro tipologías de barrios cerrados construidas.; Based on the analysis of the strategies of location, segmentation and densifi-cation of gated communities in the City of Córdoba between 1991 and 2010, this article studies the evolution of the urban and residential fragmentation process of the city in the framework of globalization. During these two decades, it is possible to verify the advance of gated communities as a space for the habitat of Cordoba’s leading socioeconomic groups. Results show that the residential market has diversified and the gross density of the four types of gated communities has increased.

Penalized robust estimators in sparse logistic regression Bianco, Ana Maria; Boente Boente, Graciela Lina; Chebi, Gonzalo Sparse covariates are frequent in classification and regression problems where the task of variable selection is usually of interest. As it is well known, sparse statistical models correspond to situations where there are only a small number of nonzero parameters, and for that reason, they are much easier to interpret than dense ones. In this paper, we focus on the logistic regression model and our aim is to address robust and penalized estimation for the regression parameter. We introduce a family of penalized weighted M-type estimators for the logistic regression parameter that are stable against atypical data. We explore different penalization functions including the so-called Sign penalty. We provide a careful analysis of the estimators convergence rates as well as their variable selection capability and asymptotic distribution for fixed and random penalties. A robust cross-validation criterion is also proposed. Through a numerical study, we compare the finite sample performance of the classical and robust penalized estimators, under different contamination scenarios. The analysis of real datasets enables to investigate the stability of the penalized estimators in the presence of outliers.

La enfermería durante la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19 en Mendoza: nuevas estrategias en los procesos de formación (2020-2021); Nursing during the COVID-19 health emergency in Mendoza: new strategies in training processes (2020-2021) Hirschegger, Ivana Las Medidas de Aislamiento Social, Preventivo y Obligatorio (ASPO) producto dela pandemia por el Covid-19, incidieron en los procesos de enseñanza de todos lasáreas y niveles educativos. En el sector de la salud esto representó un reto para lacontinuidad de formación de los estudiantes de enfermería en general y de los futurosegresados necesarios para cubrir las crecientes demandas sanitarias. El presentetrabajo persigue analizar cómo incidió la pandemia del Covid-19 en los procesos deformación en enfermería de la provincia de Mendoza, atendiendo al nuevo marconormativo a partir del cual se implementaron nuevas estrategias de aprendizaje, comoasí también a la experiencia real dentro de las instituciones educativas. Entre lasfuentes consultadas se encuentran periódicos locales, leyes, decretos, resoluciones ydocumentos oficiales. También se acudió a fuentes orales como fueron las entrevistasa informantes claves del área educativa.; The Social, Preventive and Mandatory Isolation Measures (ASPO) as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, affected the teaching processes of all areas and educational levels. In the health sector, this represented a challenge for the continuity of training for nursing students in general and future graduates needed to cover the growing health demands. The present work aims to observe how the Covid-19 pandemic affected nursing training processes in the province of Mendoza, taking into account the new regulatory framework from which new learning strategies were implemented, as well as the real experience within of educational institutions. Among the sources consulted are local newspapers, laws, decrees, resolutions and official documents. Oral sources were also used, such as interviews with key informants in the educational area.

Teoría crítica desde la periferia: entrevista a Eduardo Grüner; Critical theory from the periphery: An interview with Eduardo Grüner Moreno, María Rita; Aguirre Aguirre, Carlos Sergio Manuel La siguiente entrevista a Eduardo Grüner se produjo en septiembre de 2019. La misma tuvo lugar en las instalaciones del Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza Conicet, Argentina, en ocasión del Curso de Alta Formación El arte como pensamiento crítico, dictado por el mismo Grüner y organizado por el Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales (Incihusa). En la entrevista se transitan diversos aspectos del pensamiento de Grüner y se procura exponer la singularidad de sus aportes a una teoría crítica gestada desde la periferia.; This interview with Eduardo Grüner took place in September 2019. It was held at the premises of the Technological Scientific Center of Mendoza Conicet, Argentina, on the occasion of the Expert Training Course “Art as Critical Thinking” (El arte como pensamiento crítico), given by Grüner himself and hosted by the Institute of Human, Social, and Environmental Sciences (Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales —Incihusa). In this interview, we cover several aspects of Grüner thinking and attempt to expose the singularity of his contributions to a critical theory grown at the periphery.

Etnografías multifacéticas: un análisis socio antropológico sobre pedagogías maternas en Córdoba (Argentina) Blázquez, Macarena En el presente artículo pretendo describir diferentes apuestas metodológicas implementadas para la realización de mi Tesis Doctoral en Ciencias Sociales (2019-2022). Para ello, presentaré cuatro trabajos etnográficos: 1. Una etnografía de documentos efectuada en la biblioteca de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-Argentina) 2. Una etnografía virtual realizada en la carrera de “Puericultura y crianza” conocida como PRIMAL 3. Una etnografía “clásica” en un Hospital Neonatal de administración gubernamental de la localidad cordobesa y 4. Una etnografía de redes sociales, que indaga perfiles de Instagram de “mamis influencers”. El objetivo de explicar la trama de etnografías multifacéticas construida, y los diálogos que entre ellas puedo entablar, me posibilita reflexionar sobre la producción de pedagogías maternas (Darré, 2013) en la localidad de Córdoba (Argentina).; : In this article I intend to describe different methodological approaches implemented for the realization of my Doctoral Thesis in Social Sciences (2019-2022). For this purpose, I will present four ethnographic works: 1. A document ethnography carried out in the library of the Faculty of Medical Sciences (UNC) 2. A virtual ethnography carried out in the "Puericulture and parenting" career known as PRIMAL 3. A "classic" ethnography in a government-run Neonatal Hospital in the Cordoba locality and 4. An ethnography of social networks, investigating Instagram profiles of "mommy influencers". The objective of narrating multifaceted ethnographies, and the dialogues that I can establish between them, will enable me to reflect on the production of maternal pedagogies in the Cordoba locality.

Factors affecting local plant knowledge in isolated communities from Patagonian steppe: Metacommunity theory is revealed as a methodological approach Rosa Santoro, Flávia; Richeri, Marina; Ladio, Ana Haydee The Patagonian steppe is a refuge for several indigenous peoples who live in relatively isolated communities, depending heavily on natural resources for their activities, health, and food security. The local ecological knowledge is a reservoir that generates full wellbeing and for which it must be the object of protection and local development. In this study, we aimed to find which factors can influence local ecological knowledge from a metacommunity on the Patagonian steppe. We analyzed variation in knowledge about cultivated and gathered plants used as medicinal, edible, and firewood according to multiple factors widely discussed in the ethnobiological literature: age, gender, formal education, occupation, indigenous identity, contact with urban centers, use of biomedicine, hunting, and handcrafted textile production. We conducted semi-structured interviews with local experts, accessed by the snowball technique. We found that formal education is a key factor in the variation of local ecological knowledge among people. In addition, we found that knowledge varies between people who practice activities inside and outside the home, concentrating knowledge between cultivated and gathered plants, respectively. Our urbanization proxies did not point to an influence of this factor on local knowledge, but specialists living in a larger community with signs of internal urbanization processes had much less knowledge. Our results allowed us to visualize the importance of studying metacommunities as a whole, to verify complexities and intersections of overlapping factors. Studies in metacommunities open up a range of possibilities for ethnobiological analysis.

El proyecto PIDAE “Universidad y entorno barrial. Efectos, interacciones y reciprocidades: La Facultad de Ciencias Sociales en el barrio de Constitución”; The PIDAE project “University and neighborhood environment. effects, interactions and reciprocities: the Faculty of Social Sciences in the neighborhood of Constitución” Rodriguez, Maria Carla; Di Virgilio, Maria Mercedes Aquí se presentan resultados de un proyecto financiado en el marco del Programa de Investigación y Desarrollo en Áreas Estratégicas con impacto Social de la Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, que indagó la inserción de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales en las dinámicas socio urbanas de su entorno barrial. A través de una encuesta representativa con población residente, un mapeo exhaustivo de organizaciones y efectores de políticas públicas con acción territorializada en el barrio y un cuestionario dirigido a la población estudiantil de la FSOC, se elaboró un diagnóstico integrado que incluye tres componentes: i) tendencias actuales de reconfiguración barrial -heterogeneidades internas y externas respecto de los barrios colindantes y otros-, ii) características de los grupos sociales que lo habitan y iii) percepciones de residentes, instituciones y estudiantes sobre las problemáticas barriales percibidas de nuestra Facultad, identificando posibles puntos de entrada para una mayor institucionalización de su actuación barrial, desde una perspectiva de inclusión social y fortalecimiento de lo público.; This review presents the results of a project funded within the framework of the Research and Development Program in Strategic Areas with Social Impact of the Secretariat of Science and Technology of the University of Buenos Aires. This research examined the insertion of the Faculty of Social Sciences (FSOC) in the socio-urban dynamics of its neighborhood environment. Through a representative survey applied to the resident population, an exhaustive mapping of organizations and effectors of public policies with territorialized action in the neighborhood, and a questionnaire addressed to the student population of the FSOC, an integrated diagnosis was elaborated, which included three main components: i) current trends of neighborhood reconfiguration –internal and external heterogeneities regarding the adjacent neighborhoods and others; ii) the principal characteristics of the inhabitants, and iii) perceptions of residents, institutions and students about the perceived neighborhood problems and the FSOC, identifying possible entrances for greater institutionalization of its neighborhood action, from a perspective of social inclusion and strengthening of public sense.

Cuestionario de reserva cognitiva: Análisis psicométrico desde la teoría de respuesta al ítem; Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire: Psychometric analysis from the item response theory Martino, Pablo Luis; Caycho Rodríguez, Tomás; Valencia, Pablo D.; Politis, Daniel Gustavo; Gallegos, Miguel; de Bortoli, Miguel Angel; Cervigni, Mauricio Alejandro Introducción. La reserva cognitiva es la capacidad para tolerar mejor el daño cerebral mediante recursos cognitivos preexistentesy compensatorios. Un método de evaluación es el cuestionario de reserva cognitiva (CRC) de Rami. El objetivofue realizar un análisis de la calidad informativa del CRC desde la teoría de respuesta al ítem (TRI), con el fin de aportardatos más precisos sobre la fiabilidad de consistencia interna. Se probó, además, la validez convergente con medidas deatención, memoria de trabajo y fluidez.Sujetos y métodos. Participaron 210 argentinos de población general (media edad, 66,8 años). El CRC se administró juntocon el test de dígitos y tres tareas de fluidez. Se ajustó un modelo de respuesta graduada desde la TRI con estimaciónde parámetros de discriminación (a) y dificultad (b), y se elaboró una curva de información del CRC. Se efectuaron correlacionesbivariadas y parciales.Resultados. La TRI indicó una alta discriminación para los ítems del CRC ‘Escolaridad’ y ‘Nivel de ocupación’ (tanto para laversión de ocho ítems como para la versión de seis ítems). En el CRC de ocho ítems se obtuvo una baja discriminación para‘Formación musical’ y ‘Juegos intelectuales’. En ambas versiones del CRC, la curva indica mayor valor informacional abajo nivel del constructo. Hubo correlación con el test de dígitos y con las tareas de fluidez, incluso al controlar por edad.Conclusiones. El presente estudio es el primer análisis del CRC desde la TRI, que concluye que el instrumento resulta másconfiable cuando se aplica a sujetos con menor reserva. El CRC posee aceptable validez convergente.; Introduction. Cognitive reserve is the ability to better tolerate brain damage through pre-existing and compensatory cognitive resources. One assessment method is the Rami CRQ-Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire. The objective was to carry out an analysis of the informative quality of the CRQ from the item response theory (IRT), in order to provide more precise data on the reliability of internal consistency. Convergent validity was also tested with measures of attention, working memory, and fluency. Subjects and methods. 210 Argentines from the general population (mean age, 66.8 years) participated. The CRQ was administered together with the digits test and three fluency tasks. A graded response model was fitted from IRT with estimation of discrimination parameters (a) and difficulty (b), and a CRQ information curve was created. Bivariate and partial correlations were made. Results. The IRT indicated high discrimination for the CRQ items 'Education' and 'Occupation level' (both for the 8-item version and the 6-item version). In the CRQ of 8 items, low discrimination was obtained for 'Musical training' and 'Intellectual games'. In both versions of the CRQ, the curve indicates greater informational value at a low level of the construct. There was a correlation with the digits test and with fluency tasks, even when controlling for age. Conclusions. This study is the first analysis of CRQ from IRT, concluding that the instrument is more reliable when applied to subjects with less reserve. The CRQ has acceptable convergent validity.

Hacer la verdad del mundo: El universo y el símbolo en El sacrificio de Tarkovski; Per la veritat del món: L'univers i el símbol en "El sacrifici" de Tarkovski; Make the truth of the world:The universe and the symbol in The Sacrifice of Tarkovsky Dipaola, Esteban Marcos El artículo propone pensar la dimensión de la verdad, el sacrificio y el milagro, atendiendo a su dimensión ontológica, es decir, la definición de la experiencia de mundo-verdadero. Comprende un análisis de la obra cinematográfica de Andréi Tarkovski El sacrificio, tomando como marco de referencias teóricas la hermenéutica de Hans-Georg Gadamer. Considerando la operación de la verdad en la palabra y los enfoques relativos a la experiencia estética como ejercicio de justificación de lo verdadero en el arte, observa-dos en la obra del filósofo, en este artículo se interrogan planos superpuestos de la película del cineasta para interpretar puntos de vista acerca de lo verdadero en las imágenes.; L’article proposa pensar la dimensió de la veritat, el sacrifici i el miracle, atenent la seva dimensió ontològica, és a dir, la definició de l’experiència del món veritable. Comprèn una anàlisi de l’obra cinematogràfica d’Andrei Tarkovski El sacrifici, prenent com a marc de referències teòriques l’hermenèutica de Hans-Georg Gadamer. Considerant l’operació de la veritat en la paraula i els enfocaments relatius a l’experiència estètica com a exercici de justificació del que és veritable en l’art, observats en l’obra del filòsof, en aquest article s’interroguen plànols superposats de la pel·lícula del cineasta per interpretar punts de vista sobre el que és veritable en les imatges.; : This article considers the dimension of truth, sacrifice and miracle, taking into account the ontological dimension, that is, the definition of the experience of the true world. It includes an analysis of Andrei Tarkovsky’s film The Sacrifice, taking Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutics as a framework of theoretical reference. Considering the function of truth in words and approaches related to the aesthetic experience as an exercise of justification of what is true in art, observed in the work of the philosopher, superimposed shots from the filmmaker’s work are examined to interpret points of view about the truth in these images.

A dynamic analysis of wine pricing in Argentina Larrosa, Juan Manuel Ceferino; Gutierrez, Emiliano Martin; Ramírez Muñoz de Toro, Gonzalo Román; Uriarte, Juan Ignacio Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate micro determinants for dynamic wine pricing in Argentina. We test whether attributes and time affect the price rate of change. The rate of change is selected given the inflationary context of the country. The analysis provides valuable information for wine marketing decisions. Design/methodology/approach: The modeling approach relies on panel data analysis for exploiting the data cross-section and time dimension. The contribution explores a massive price dataset at a weekly frequency. The dependent variable is the weekly price variation rate for product/wine and covariates are attributes, time and nominal variables. Given that endogeneity issues arose, the estimations rely on a two-stage least squares and instrumental variables with cluster-robust errors. Findings: Estimations show that attributes, time and cost variables are statistically significant, with clear seasonal patterns and quality segmentation affecting pricing: wines made out of specific grapes such as Chenin, Merlot and Seedling or composing a broad category such as red wine, exhibit price undershooting (price rate of change below average). On the other hand, wines out of grapes such as Bonarda, Margaux, Mistela, Moscatel, Oporto, Tannat and Sauvignon Blanc show price overshooting (rate of change above average). In summary, wine made from determined grapes and specific wineries show divergent pricing. Research limitations/implications: Covariates such as alcohol content, label descriptor information, winery history, substitute competition and vintage, among others, have not been considered given that the research analyzes more than 750 wine products. Another limitation is that the work does not explore many time-series covariates, such as promotions and idiosyncratic shocks. Practical implications: The contribution presents new information on wine pricing patterns affected by weeks, months and years, including the effect of the prolonged 2020 Argentine lockdown. It also analyzes estimations on pricing at the level of grape/blend and wineries previously unknown in this market. The information can influence inventory decisions on the side of the sellers and purchase decisions on the side of consumers. Social implications: The analysis includes fine but also low-cost wines that form part of the diet of low-income families in the country. The work detects a divergent pattern in pricing divided by the quality/price of the wine. It also presents information on price timing that may help consumers in the best moment to buy. Originality/value: The contribution analyzes unprecedented information on weekly wine prices and presents evidence of pricing tactics from a point-of-sale perspective: It identifies different adjustment speeds related to product features and time effects.