Perspectives for medicinal cannabis in Argentina: Advances in clinical trials in the world and Its use for chronical pain treatments Sesto Cabral, María Eugenia; González, Exequiel Elías; Moreno, María Julieta Cannabis is used around the world for medicinal, religious and recreational purposes. In 2018, the Argentine Republic approved new legislation, adapting to the provisions of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Law No. 27,350 regulates medical and scientific research on the medicinal, therapeutic and / or palliative use of the Cannabis plant and its derivatives. At the time of this publication, 5 projects were approved for the production of plant material and scientific studies. This work aims to show the results of the latest studies published in the world, on the effectiveness of treatment with medicinal cannabis or cannabinoids, in voluntary patients with chronic pain.

Las escuelas agrícolas salesianas en el proceso de territorialización estatal de la Patagonia y la formación de su sistema educativo; Salesian Agricultural Schools in the Process of State Territorialisation of Patagonia and the Formation of its Educational System Omenetto, Silvia; Nicoletti, Maria Andrea Para reconstruir la historia de la Patagonia desde una perspectiva que pone al sistema escolar en el centro, es inevitable centrar la atención en el aporte social y educativo de las Congregaciones salesianas, Salesianos e Hijas de María Auxiliadora, que se inició a fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. En la Patagonia, de hecho, las Congregaciones asumieron un papel relevante, mostrando un monopolio misionero y educativo desde 1880, aunque en algunos espacios y en distintos momentos, existieron tensiones con los funcionarios del Estado por el conjunto de Leyes laicas sancionadas entre 1881 y 1884. En esta contribución adoptaremos una visión territorialista desarrollada en el contexto de la geografía suiza e italiana para analizar las escuelas agrícolas salesianas de la Patagonia, como resultado de la transformación material llevada a cabo por la Congregación salesiana-con foco en la escuela agrícola "San Miguel" de General Roca- en el marco de la formación del sistema educativo estatal y en el contexto de la promulgación y aplicación de la Ley nacional N° 1420 de 1884.; In order to reconstruct the history of Patagonia from a perspective that places the school system at the centre, it is inevitable to focus attention on the social and educational contribution of the Salesian Congregations, Salesians and Hijas de María Auxiliadora, which began in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In Patagonia, in fact, the Congregations assumed a relevant role, showing a missionary and educational monopoly since 1880, although in some areas and at different times, there were tensions with State officials due to the set of lay laws passed between 1881 and 1884. In this contribution we will adopt a territorialist view developed in the context of Swiss and Italian geography to analyse the Salesian agricultural schools in Patagonia, as a result of the material transformation carried out by the Salesian Congregation -focusing on the agricultural school "San Miguel" in General Roca- within the framework of the formation of the state educational system and in the context of the promulgation and application of the national Law N°1420 from 1884.

A Spectroscopic Analysis of the California-Kepler Survey Sample. II. Correlations of Stellar Metallicities with Planetary Architectures Ghezzi, Luan; Martínez, Cintia Fernanda; Wilson, Robert F.; Cunha, Katia; Smith, Verne V.; Majewski, Steven R. We present independent and self-consistent metallicities for a sample of 807 planet-hosting stars from the California-Kepler Survey from an LTE spectroscopic analysis using a selected sample of Fe i and Fe ii lines. Correlations between host-star metallicities, planet radii, and planetary architecture (orbital periods - warm or hot - and multiplicity - single or multiple) were investigated using nonparametric statistical tests. In addition to confirming previous results from the literature, e.g., that overall host-star metallicity distributions differ between hot and warm planetary systems of all types, we report on a new finding: when comparing the median metallicities of hot versus warm systems, the difference for multiple super-Earths is considerably larger when compared to that difference in single super-Earths. The metallicity cumulative distribution functions of hot single super-Earths versus warm single super-Earths indicate different parent stellar populations, while for sub-Neptunes this is not the case. The transition radius between sub-Neptunes and sub-Saturns was examined by comparing the APOGEE metallicity distribution for the Milky Way thin disk in the solar neighborhood with metallicity distributions of host stars segregated based upon the largest known planet in their system. These comparisons reveal increasingly different metallicity distributions as the radius of the largest planet in the systems increases, with the parent stellar metallicities becoming significantly different for R p > 2.7 R ⊕. The behavior of the p-values as a function of planet radius undergoes a large slope change at R p = 4.4 0.5 R ⊕, indicating the radius boundary between small and large planets.

Migraciones y producción social del hábitat (integral) en la Argentina contemporánea; Migrations and social production of (integral) habitat in contemporary Argentina Perissinotti, María Victoria En la última década, los migrantes regionales que habitan las ciudades de Argentina han protagonizado procesos de producción social del hábitat como una manera de hacer efectivo su derecho a la ciudad. Desde los estudios migratorios locales, este fenómeno fue ampliamente estudiado, haciendo de la "lucha por la vivienda" un campo consolidado. Inscribiéndose en esa trayectoria, este artículo propone explorar dichos procesos desde una mirada que traspase la literalidad a la que nos confinan nociones como "problemas habitacionales" o "acceso a la vivienda". Por el contrario, aboga por construir una mirada integral del hábitat, que dé cuenta de las múltiples dimensiones que lo componen. El estudio se basa en una investigación etnográfica centrada en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina.; In the last decade, regional migrants who inhabit the cities of Argentina have been protagonists of different processes of social production of habitat. This was a way of accomplishing their right to the city. From local migratory studies this phenomenon was widely studied, making the “struggle for housing” a consolidated field of studies. Within this trajectory, this article proposes to explore these processes from a perspective that goes beyond the literality to which notions such as “housing problems” confine us. On the contrary, it intends to imagine a comprehensive view of habitat, which accounts for the multiple dimensions that make it up. The study is based on an ethnographic research focused on the relations between migration, politics and struggles for the city in Córdoba, Argentina.

Quality and bioaccessibility of antioxidants of bread enriched with naranjilla (solanum quitoense) fruit Andrade Cuvi, Maria Jose; Guijarro Fuertes, Michelle Estefanía; Concellón, Analía; Vernaza, María Gabriela; Bravo Vásquez, Juan Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to develop a loaf bread enriched with naranjilla (lulo) fruit (shells, seeds and pulp) and determine the technical quality, sensory acceptability and bioavailability (by in vitro digestion) of antioxidant components. Design/methodology/approach: Loaf bread was prepared by using a no-time bread-making process. The crumb moisture, specific volume, crust and crumb color, texture profile analysis, analysis of the crumbs' alveoli, sensory evaluation, in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal digestion and antioxidant capacity were determined. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Findings: The specific volume was reduced by 21% (4.62 cm3/g, p < 0.0001), and the hardness was increased by 70% (2.9 N, p < 0.0001). Enrichment of the bread with naranjilla fruit (NF) contributes a yellowish coloration to the bread, which was very well accepted by the consumers and could be considered a natural colorant alternative. Moreover, the sensory evaluation indicated that the analyzed attributes (appearance, color, odor, taste, firmness and overall quality) of the naranjilla bread presented scores higher than 6.5 of 9 points hedonic scale. Naranjilla in the bread formulation had good acceptability by consumers. Naranjilla-enriched bread had an increase in total phenolic (TP)compounds and total carotenoids. In the product without digestion, naranjilla bread increased 1.7 times for TP, 50 times for CT and 1.3 times for TEAC, compared to the control bread (p < 0.0001). The percentage of bioaccessibility for fresh bread without digestion was 39.2 and 53.9% for the control and naranjilla bread, respectively. The addition of NF contributes to a higher TP compounds content and favors its bioavailability. Practical implications: For bread production, fruits that do not meet the quality standards to be consumed as a natural fruit can be used. In this way, these fruits can contribute as a potential use to reduce agro-industrial waste and as a natural colorant. Originality/value: Naranjilla is a native fruit from the subtropical Andean regions, which has high ascorbic acid concentrations, making it a fruit rich in antioxidants. Naranjilla-enriched bread contributes with beneficial compounds for the consumer.

Inositols: from established knowledge to novel approaches Dinicola, Simona; Unfer, Vittorio; Facchinetti, Fabio; Soulage, Christophe O.; Greene, Nicholas D.; Bizzarri, Mariano; Laganà, Antonio Simone; Chan, Shiao Yng; Bevilacqua, Arturo; Pkhaladze, Lali; Benvenga, Salvatore; Stringaro, Annarita; Barbaro, Daniele; Appetecchia, Marialuisa; Aragona, Cesare; Espinola, Maria Salomè Bezerra; Cantelmi, Tonino; Cavalli, Pietro; Chiu, Tony T.; Copp, Andrew J.; D'Anna, Rosario; Dewailly, Didier; di Lorenzo, Cherubino; Diamanti Kandarakis, Evanthia; Marín, Imelda Hernández; Hod, Moshe; Kamenov, Zdravko; Kandaraki, Eleni; Monastra, Giovanni; Oliva, Mario Montanino; Nestler, John E.; Nordio, Maurizio; Ozay, Ali C.; Papalou, Olga; Porcaro, Giuseppina; Prapas, Nikos; Roseff, Scott; Vazquez, Monica Hebe; Vucenik, Ivana; Wdowiak, Artur Myo-inositol (myo-Ins) and D-chiro-inositol (D-chiro-Ins) are natural compounds involved in many biological pathways. Since the discovery of their involvement in endocrine signal transduction, myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins supplementation has contributed to clinical approaches in ameliorating many gynecological and endocrinological diseases. Currently both myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins are well-tolerated, effective alternative candidates to the classical insulin sensitizers, and are useful treatments in preventing and treating metabolic and reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and male fertility disturbances, like sperm abnormalities. Moreover, besides metabolic activity, myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins deeply influence steroidogenesis, regulating the pools of androgens and estrogens, likely in opposite ways. Given the complexity of inositol-related mechanisms of action, many of their beneficial effects are still under scrutiny. Therefore, continuing research aims to discover new emerging roles and mechanisms that can allow clinicians to tailor inositol therapy and to use it in other medical areas, hitherto unexplored. The present paper outlines the established evidence on inositols and updates on recent research, namely concerning D-chiro-Ins involvement into steroidogenesis. In particular, D-chiro-Ins mediates insulin-induced testosterone biosynthesis from ovarian thecal cells and directly affects synthesis of estrogens by modulating the expression of the aromatase enzyme. Ovaries, as well as other organs and tissues, are characterized by a specific ratio of myo-Ins to D-chiro-Ins, which ensures their healthy state and proper functionality. Altered inositol ratios may account for pathological conditions, causing an imbalance in sex hormones. Such situations usually occur in association with medical conditions, such as PCOS, or as a consequence of some pharmacological treatments. Based on the physiological role of inositols and the pathological implications of altered myo-Ins to D-chiro-Ins ratios, inositol therapy may be designed with two different aims: (1) restoring the inositol physiological ratio; (2) altering the ratio in a controlled way to achieve specific effects.

First identification of bacterial endosymbionts in three South-American spittlebug pests: Notozulia entreriana, Deois mourei and Deois knoblauchii Foieri, Alvaro; Decker Franco, Cecilia; Marino de Remes Lenicov, Ana M.; Arneodo Larochette, Joel Demián Spittlebugs cause major pasture damage in the Neotropics. As most xylem-feeders, they depend on microbial symbionts to supply essential amino acids to their diet. Here, the obligate nutritional endosymbiont ‘Candidatus Sulcia muelleri’ (Bacteroidetes) was detected in three main cercopid pests of South America: Notozulia entreriana (Berg), Deois (Deois) mourei Cavichioli et Sakakibara and Deois (Deois) knoblauchii (Berg) (Cercopidae Ishnorhininae). In all insect species, bacteriomes were located laterally in the abdomen, and ultrathin sections of N. entreriana bacteriocytes showed typical sulcia-like bacteria. PCR and sequencing of a 914-bp fragment of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed 100% nucleotide identity among sulcia strains obtained from the three host species. These sequences were also identical to those previously obtained from two other New World spittlebugs of the same subfamily, providing evidence for host/symbiont coevolution. Microscopic and molecular analyses suggested that N. entreriana lacked additional symbionts (i. e. ‘Candidatus Zinderia insecticola’ or sodalis-like bacteria [Proteobacteria]) that often co-occur with sulcia within members of the superfamily Cercopoidea. Though amplicons were occasionally generated from D. (D.) mourei and D. (D.) knoblauchii with primers intended for zinderia, they failed to sequence. Further research is needed to elucidate the identity of bacteria other than sulcia in Deois spp.

In silico identification of noncompetitive inhibitors targeting an uncharacterized allosteric site of falcipain-2 Hernández González, Jorge Enrique; Salas Sarduy, Emir; Hernández Alvarez, Lilian; Barreto Gomes, Diego Enry; Pascutti, Pedro Geraldo; Oostenbrink, Chris; Leite, Vitor B. P. Falcipain-2 (FP-2) is a Plasmodium falciparum hemoglobinase widely targeted in the search for antimalarials. FP-2 can be allosterically modulated by various noncompetitive inhibitors that have been serendipitously identified. Moreover, the crystal structures of two inhibitors bound to an allosteric site, termed site 6, of the homolog enzyme human cathepsin K (hCatK) suggest that the equivalent region in FP-2 might play a similar role. Here, we conduct the rational identification of FP-2 inhibitors through virtual screenings (VS) of compounds into several pocket-like conformations of site 6, sampled during molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the free enzyme. Two noncompetitive inhibitors, ZINC03225317 and ZINC72290660, were confirmed using in vitro enzymatic assays and their poses into site 6 led to calculated binding free energies matching the experimental ones. Our results provide strong evidence about the allosteric inhibition of FP-2 through binding of small molecules to site 6, thus opening the way toward the discovery of new inhibitors against this enzyme.

Field evaluation of Varroa-resistance traits in surviving Apis mellifera colonies in Argentina Visintini, Miguel Guillermo; Pacini, Adriana Cecilia; Merke, Julieta; Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla; Molineri, Ana Inés; Orellano, Emanuel; Bedascarasburre, Belen; Miotti, Camila; Ceccotti, Micaela Paz; Bulacio Cagnolo, Natalia Verónica; Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro; Giacobino, Agostina Varroa destructor is one of the most important sanitary threats for the beekeeping industry and so far disease control is based mainly on chemical treatment. However, a long-term solution may arise from studying natural surviving colonies of Apis mellifera. We compared the Varroa infestation rate in six commercial colonies that received annual treatment against mites and six non-treated colonies that survived in absence of any treatment for the last 6 years. In addition, we evaluated two potential mechanisms that might be involved in colony survival: hygienic (HYG) and Varroa-sensitive hygiene behavior (VSH) by means of pin-killed and mite artificial infestation, respectively. HYG and VSH were negatively correlated with mite infestation independently of the colony group (treated or non-treated). Furthermore, colonies expressing high levels of pupae removal (≥ 80%) showed higher %HYG and lower mite infestation compared to colonies showing low pupae removal (< 80%). The analysis of reproductive status of mites from the non-removed infested cells evidenced that more infertile mites are found in colonies with more than 80% of pupae removal. To study non-treated colonies that survive for several years, it is a suitable approach for identifying the underlying mechanisms related to Varroa-resistance.

Looking at the past to infer into the future: Thermal traits track environmental change in Liolaemidae Ibarguengoytía, Nora; Medina, Susana Marlin; Laspiur, Julio Alejandro; Qu, Yan Fu; Ramirez Peralta, César Augusto; Sinervo, Barry; Miles, Donald Bailey The diversity of habitats generated by the Andes uplift resulted a mosaic of heterogeneous environments in South America for species to evolve a variety of ecological and physiological specializations. Species in the lizard family Liolaemidae occupy a myriad of habitats in the Andes. Here, we analyze the tempo and mode of evolution in the thermal biology of liolaemids. We assessed whether there is evidence of local adaptation (lability) or conservatism (stasis) in thermal traits. We tested the hypothesis that abiotic factors (e.g., geography, climate) rather than intrinsic factors (egg-laying [oviparous] or live-bearing [viviparous], substrate affinity) explain variation in field active body temperature (Tb), preferred temperature (Tp), hours of restriction of activity, and potential hours of activity. Although most traits exhibited high phylogenetic signal, we found variation in thermal biology was shaped by geography, climate, and ecological diversity. Ancestral character reconstruction showed shifts in Tb tracked environmental change in the past ∼20,000 years. Thermal preference is 3°C higher than Tb, yet exhibited a lower rate of evolution than Tb and air temperature. Viviparous Liolaemus have lower Tbs than oviparous species, whereas Tp is high for both modes of reproduction, a key difference that results in a thermal buffer for viviparous species to cope with global warming. The rapid increase in environmental temperatures expected in the next 50–80 years in combination with anthropogenic loss of habitats are projected to cause extirpations and extinctions in oviparous species.

Damage-driven strain localisation in networks of fibres: A computational homogenisation approach Rocha, Felipe Figueredo; Blanco, Pablo Javier; Sánchez, Pablo Javier; De Souza Neto, Eduardo Alberto; Feijóo, Raúl Antonino In many applications, such as textiles, fibreglass, paper and several kinds of biological fibrous tissues, the main load-bearing constituents at the micro-scale are arranged as a fibre network. In these materials, rupture is usually driven by micro-mechanical failure mechanisms, and strain localisation due to progressive damage evolution in the fibres is the main cause of macro-scale instability. We propose a strain-driven computational homogenisation formulationbased on Representative Volume Element (RVE), within a framework in which micro-scale fibre damage can lead to macro-scale localisation phenomena. The mechanical stiffness considered here for the fibrous structure system is due to: i) an intra-fibre mechanism in which each fibre is axially stretched, and as a result, it can suffer damage; ii) an inter-fibre mechanism in which the stiffness results from the variation of the relative angle between pairs of fibres. The homogenised tangent tensor, which comes from the contribution of these two mechanisms, is required to detect the so-called bifurcation point at the macro-scale, through the spectral analysis of the acoustic tensor. This analysis can precisely determine the instant at which the macro-scale problem becomes ill-posed. At such a point, the spectral analysis provides information about the macro-scale failure pattern (unit normal and crack-opening vectors). Special attention is devoted to present the theoretical fundamentals rigorously in the light of variational formulations for multi-scale models. Also, the impact of a recent derived more general boundary condition for fibre networks is assessed in the context of materials undergoing softening. Numerical examples showing the suitability of the present methodology are also shown and discussed.

A multiwavelength study of the H II region G347.600 + 00.211 and its effects on the surrounding medium Cárdenas, Silvina Belén; Cichowolski, Silvina; Suad, Laura Andrea; Molina Lera, José Alejo; Gamen, Roberto Claudio; Rizzo, Lucía We present a multi-wavelength investigation of the H ii region G347.600+00.211, located at a distance of 7.9 kpc. We analyse the gas and dust properties aiming to disentangle the origin of the region as well as its role in the formation of new stars. G347.600+00.211 is very conspicuous at 1420 MHz and infrared wavelengths, showing an incomplete shell-like structure with two distinct zones of very intense emission. The infrared bubble S8 is part of the shell structure. The spatial distribution of the molecular gas shows the presence of six clouds located around the ionized region and showing a good morphological correlation with the 8 µm emission. Cold dust is coincident with the dense gas shown in the CO measurements. As for the origin of the region, we found that the massive cluster [DBS2003]179 and two Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars are located at the same distance than the ionized gas. Based on a stellar density analysis, we inferred that one of the WR stars, 1181-81L, is also a probable member of the cluster. Both the cluster and the WR stars are not only within the ring–like structure, but are also located near the two spots of very heightened emission, suggesting they may be responsible for this bright emission. Finally, as expanding H ii regions are hypothesised to trigger star formation, we used different infrared point source catalogues to search for young stellar object candidates (cYSOs). A total of 33 cYSOs and 4 CH ii regions were identified projected onto the photo–dissociation regions and molecular clouds.

Population structure of sigmodontine rodents through age estimation by individual growth models Gorosito, Irene Laura; Busch, Maria Ecological studies aimed at identifying and characterizing seasonal demographic patterns in rodent populations often face methodological difficulties. First, imperfect detectability could lead to biased abundance estimates and, in particular, yield biased proportions of individuals of different age groups. Second, age determination methods that require killing animals are undesired, particularly in longitudinal studies. In this work, we develop a strategy to overcome those problems by using growth models of two readily in-the-field measurable traits (body length and mass) to obtain age estimates based on recapture data of two species of sigmodontine rodents. We used extrapolated birth dates as a complement to data obtained from visual examination of adults’ genitals to assess reproductive activity quantitatively. Our method revealed that births showed a yearly cycle of high and low frequency, but occurred throughout the year without fully stopping. Moreover, we found that young individuals (age < 2 months) are not detectable and also a large fraction of the adult population was not detected until several months after they began to be detectable. However, adding the youngest group of the population to typical minimum-number-alive abundance estimates, based on age estimates, allowed us to obtain a complete picture of populations’ age structures and abundance cycles, partly solving the detectability problem. Overall, our results suggest that the proposed age determination method has a great potential for exploiting longitudinal data and may be particularly useful for conservation programs and epidemiological studies, where demographic patterns play an important role.

Is the city of la plata the collection site for bothriurus bonariensis (C.l. koch, 1843) syntypes (scorpiones: Bothriuridae)?; ¿Es la ciudad de la plata el sitio de recolección de los sintipos de bothriurus bonariensis (C.l. koch, 1843) (scorpiones: bothriuridae)? Giambelluca, Luis Alberto Los sintipos de Bothriurus bonariensis fueron descritos por C.L. Koch en 1843 quien mencionó a "La Plata” como sitio de recolección, pero esta ciudad no existió hasta 1882, lo que sugiere que se refería a la zona del Río de La Plata. También se menciona un error, tanto en publicaciones como en páginas web, que mencionan como año de publicación 1842 y no 1843.; Bothriurus bonariensis syntypes were described by C.L. Koch in 1843 whomentioned "La Plata" as the collection site, but this city did not exist until 1882, suggestingthat he was referring to the Río de La Plata area. An error is also pointed out in relation topublications and web pages which mention 1842 and not 1843 as the year of publication.

Intramuscular insulin-like growth factor-1 gene therapy modulates reactive microglia after traumatic brain injury Herrera, Macarena Lorena; Bandín, Sandra; Champarini, Leandro Gabriel; Hereñú, Claudia Beatriz; Bellini, Maria Jose Reactive gliosis is a key feature and an important pathophysiological mechanism underlying chronic neurodegeneration following traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we have explored the effects of intramuscular IGF-1 gene therapy on reactive gliosis and functional outcome after an injury of the cerebral cortex. Young adult male rats were intramuscularly injected with a recombinant adenoviral construct harboring the cDNA of human IGF-1 (RAd-IGF1), with a control vector expressing green fluorescent protein (RAd-GFP) or PBS as control. Three weeks after the intramuscular injections of adenoviral vectors, animals were subjected to a unilateral penetrating brain injury. The data revealed that RAd-IGF1 gene therapy significantly increased serum IGF1 levels and improved working memory performance after one week of TBI as compared to PBS or RAd-GFP lesioned animals. At the same time, when we analyzed the effects of therapy on glial scar formation, the treatment with RAd-IGF1 did not modify the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells, but we observed a decrease in vimentin immunoreactive astrocytes at 7 days post-lesion in the injured hemisphere compared to RAd-GFP group. Moreover, IGF-1 gene therapy reduced the number of Iba1+ cells with reactive phenotype and the number of MHCII + cells in the injured hemisphere. These results suggest that intramuscular IGF-1 gene therapy may represent a new approach to prevent traumatic brain injury outcomes in rats.

Paleoenvironmental contexts of South American Cretaceous sauropod tracks Tomaselli, María Belén; Ortiz David, Leonardo Daniel; Gonzalez Riga, Bernardo Javier The ichnological Cretaceous sauropod record of South America is analyzed for the first time in relation with skeletal and paleoenvironmental data. The updated database includes 39 tracksites and 71 valid species (53 titanosaurs and 18 non-titanosaurs) from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Brazil and Argentina. The track and bone records analyzed evidence a relationship with continental environments, specifically with fluvial ones. This is observed in all Sauropoda records, indicating an ecological association of the Cretaceous sauropods for these environments. In addition, the paleogeographic reconstruction integrating these records does not evidence any correlation between the distribution of sauropods and the latitudinal range. During the late Campanian–Maastrichtian interval, when the Atlantic transgression event was established, the titanosaur record started to show a singular panorama. The tracksites are preserved not only in continental paleoenvironments but also in marginal-marine ones, being the only last records of titanosaurs associated with that environment in South America. Both the paleoecological aspects based on sauropod Cretaceous record and the paleoenvironmental data collected in this work support the hypothesis that these tracksites were used by titanosaurs as ‘transit areas’ to move among the environments they inhabited.

A fast and robust closed-loop photovoltaic MPPT approach based on sliding mode techniques Inthamoussou, Fernando Ariel; Valenciaga, Fernando This article presents a closed-loop Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method for a photovoltaic (PV) system that includes a PV array, a DC-DC converter and a DC bus. The proposal consists of a controller and two observers developed into the sliding mode (SM) theoretical framework. The converter switching signal is driven by an Integral First-Order Sliding Mode (IFOSM) controller whose input corresponds to the PV power gradient estimation. This estimation is obtained through a pair of Second Order Sliding Mode Observers (SOSM). The first one corresponds to a Levant's differentiator which estimates the first-time derivative of the PV voltage and feds a specific SOSM which delivers the PV power gradient estimation. These kinds of observers converge in finite time even in the presence of unmodeled dynamics and external perturbations. The proposed structure permits to synthesise a whole MPPT closed-loop system with a fast-tracking dynamics, a moderate computational burden and a reduced hardware cost, requiring only two variable measurements. This approach, simplifies the controller design and the system start-up, which does not need any specific initial conditions to be started from. The system performance is evaluated using representative computer simulations with standardised radiation and temperature profiles and corroborated through experimental tests. Finally, the proposal capabilities to work under partial shading conditions are also evaluated.

A deep learning-based approach to model anomalous diffusion of membrane proteins: The case of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Buena Maizón, Héctor; Barrantes, Francisco Jose We present a concatenated deep-learning multiple neural network system for the analysis of single-molecule trajectories. We apply this machine learning-based analysis to characterize the translational diffusion of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the plasma membrane, experimentally interrogated using superresolution optical microscopy. The receptor protein displays a heterogeneous diffusion behavior that goes beyond the ensemble level, with individual trajectories exhibiting more than one diffusive state, requiring the optimization of the neural networks through a hyperparameter analysis for different numbers of steps and durations, especially for short trajectories (<50 steps) where the accuracy of the models is most sensitive to localization errors. We next use the statistical models to test for Brownian, continuous-Time random walk and fractional Brownian motion, and introduce and implement an additional, two-state model combining Brownian walks and obstructed diffusion mechanisms, enabling us to partition the two-state trajectories into segments, each of which is independently subjected to multiple analysis. The concatenated multi-network system evaluates and selects those physical models that most accurately describe the receptor's translational diffusion. We show that the two-state Brownian-obstructed diffusion model can account for the experimentally observed anomalous diffusion (mostly subdiffusive) of the population and the heterogeneous single-molecule behavior, accurately describing the majority (72.5 to 88.7% for α-bungarotoxin-labeled receptor and between 73.5 and 90.3% for antibody-labeled molecules) of the experimentally observed trajectories, with only ~15% of the trajectories fitting to the fractional Brownian motion model.

Fossil bubble structure related to microbial activity coeval with the middle Ediacaran Oceanic Oxygenation Event in the Tandilia System Arrouy, Maria Julia; Gómez Peral, Lucia; Penzo, Victoria; Ferreyra, Camila; Poire, Daniel Gustavo The well-preserved limestone succession, Loma Negra Formation (~40 m), in the Tandilia System was deposited in a shallow carbonate ramp under low energy conditions. The evolution in the depositional settings of the unit was indicated as deepening upwards varying from shallow-middle to outer ramp environment. The limestone fabric is assumed as the product of biologically controlled precipitation of micrite, where the terrigenous supply was limited. From detailed meso- and microscopic descriptions it is possible to recognize microbially induced sedimentary structures ?MISS? represented by typical microtextures related to microbial activity that appear represented throughout the entire formation. In addition, micro-stromatolites are observed in the unit associated with the microbial mats showing micro-columnar conical to domical morphologies.In the basal and middle Loma Negra Formation, hemispherical structures are recognized in the bed-tops and interpreted as bubbles-like and gas escape features associated with the microbial mat interaction. Their morphology is compared with oxygen bubbles produced by modern experimental modelling with photosynthetic cyanobacteria microbial mats. Moreover, hemispherical structures are associated with increasing gas pressure lifting grains and the organic components to the surface.This paper provides evidence to understand the possible causal relationship between microbial activity and seawater oxygenation. The high oxygen production revealed by geochemistry proxies and here proposed as probably associated with photosynthetic microbial activity might be a plausible explanation for the record of the documented Middle Ediacaran Oceanic Oxygenation Event in the Loma Negra Formation.

Verdad y significado en La vida del espíritu, de H. Arendt; Truth and meaning in The Life of the Mind, of H. Arendt Cantero, María de Los Angeles El presente artículo está orientado al análisis del itinerario reflexivo realizado por Hannah Arendt en la primera parte de La vida del espíritu dedicada al pensamiento. Se detiene, sobre todo, en la distinción entre verdad y significado que se realiza en esta parte, con miras a resaltar la responsabilidad inherente al ser humano con relación a la comprensión del significado último de su existencia y de la totalidad de la realidad. El texto está organizado en tres apartados. En el primero, se examinan las ideas de Arendt acerca de las tensiones y exigencias que presentan los «apartamientos y los regresos» constitutivos de la actividad del pensamiento en relación con las apariencias. En el segundo, la reflexión se focaliza en la resignificación operada por Arendt a la distinción kantiana entre las facultades del «intelecto», por un lado, al que corresponde conocer la verdad, y la «razón», por el otro, cuya actividad mental es pensar y comprender el significado. En el último, por su parte, se exponen las razones de la centralidad otorgada por Arendt a la tarea de comprender el significado que cada ser humano y cada generación debe actualizar por sí mismo y de un modo siempre nuevo.; This article is oriented to the analysis of the reflective itinerary made by Hannah Arendt in the first part of The Life of the Mind, dedicated to thinking. It stops, above all, on the distinction between truth and meaning that is made in this part, with a view in order to highlighting the inherent responsibility of human beings in relation to the understanding of the ultimate meaning of their existence and of the totality of reality. The text is organized in three sections. In the first one, Arendt’s ideas about the tensions and demands presented by the «departures and returns» that constitute the activity of thought in relation to appearances are examined. In the second one, the reflection focuses on the resignification operated by Arendt to the Kantian distinction between the faculties of «intellect», on the one hand and which corresponds to know the truth, and «reason», on the other hand, whose mental activity is thinking and understanding the meaning. The last section exposes the reasons for the centrality given by Arendt to the task of understanding the meaning that each human being and each generation must update by themselves and in an always new way.