La Agricultura familiar en Santa Cruz, Patagonia Argentina: caracterización de los núcleos agrícolas familiares; Family Farming in Santa Cruz, Patagonia Argentina: Characterization of family agricultural nuclei Birgi, Jorge Alberto; Peri, Pablo Luis; Ceconello, Marcos Mauricio; Gargaglione, Veronica Beatriz La agricultura familiar abarca a un grupo grande de personas que tienen distintos orígenes y una amplia diversidad cultural, pero que mantienen en común la producción de alimentos como forma de vida. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar a la agricultura familiar de la provincia de Santa Cruz, determinando aspectos cualitativos, productivos y condiciones de producción de los núcleos de agricultura familiar. Se estudió el sector agrícola familiar de la provincia utilizando como base el análisis de 258 planillas del Registro Nacional de Agricultura Familiar relevadas durante los años 2014-2016. De dicho análisis surge que el tamaño medio de los predios en Santa Cruz es de 5 ha, se dedican principalmente a la agricultura y a la producción pecuaria, con predominio de la avicultura. En general, los productores realizan diversas actividades productivas en simultáneo. Se destaca por superficie implantada, la producción de forrajes, frutales, frutas finas y hortícolas de hoja. El presente trabajo es el primero en visibilizar numerosos aspectos de la agricultura familiar en Santa Cruz y presenta información inédita acerca de los núcleos de agricultura familiar en la provincia, contemplando a muchos productores que no figuran como tales en otros relevamientos como ser el Censo Agropecuario Nacional. Contar con este tipo de información resulta fundamental para las instituciones y los diversos actores sociales a fin de de monitorear su evolución en el tiempo y desarrollar políticas para su desarrollo y fortalecimiento.; Family farming encompasses a large group of people who have different origins and broad cultural diversity, but who keep food production in common as a way of life. The aim of this study was to characterize family farming in the province of Santa Cruz, determining qualitative and productive aspects and also production conditions of the family farming nucleus. The family agricultural sector of the province was studied using the analysis of 258 forms of the National Registry of Family Agriculture surveyed during the years 2014-2016. From this analysis it appears that the average size of the farms in Santa Cruz is 5 ha, they are mainly dedicated to agriculture and livestock production, being poultry the main activity. In general, producers carry out various productive activities simultaneously. It stands out for its implanted area, the production of forage, fruit trees, fine fruits and leafy vegetables. This work is the first to make numerous aspects of family farming in Santa Cruz visible and presents unpublished information about family farming centers in the province, considering many producers who are not listed as such in other surveys, such as the National Agricultural Census. Having this kind of information is essential for institutions and others social actors in order to monitor their evolution over time and develop policies for their development and strengthening.

Crítica al discurso representativista como desenmascaramiento de la metafísica; Criticism of the representative discourse as an unmasking of the metaphysics Bisang, Sebastián Pablo; Fava, Fernando Juan Los cuestionamientos nietzscheanos al pensamiento metafísico desde el rechazo a la concepción tradicional del lenguaje, se entienden a partir de la asimilación crítica que Nietzsche realiza de pensadores inscriptos en la órbita del neokantismo como podrían considerarse a Schopenhauer, Hartmann o Lange. Durante los años 1865-1872, de un modo muy intuitivo, con fórmulas heredadas de su admirado maestro Schopenhauer, y bajo el influjo del proyecto cultural wagneriano, Nietzsche va combinando su bagaje cultural con lecturas de pensadores de cuño crítico como Lange o Hartmann. Ensayando su propio pensamiento desde bocetos no exentos de tensiones y confrontaciones, como también de intuiciones geniales. Un universo de lecturas que poco tiempo después (1873) el joven catedrático de Basilea, reorientará desde los aspectos tropológicos del lenguaje, a partir de su recepción de Die Sprache als Kunst de G. Gerber. En el siguiente artículo, nos proponemos trazar una génesis de su crítica al “pensamiento metafísico” desde la reconstrucción de sus preocupaciones tempranas en torno al conocimiento. Focalizándonos en los Nachgelassene Fragmente de este período (1865-1875), intentaremos reconstruir la poliédrica recepción nietzscheana de la crítica epistemológica asumida por Lange, el valor de lo instintivo-inconsciente en la configuración de las representaciones sostenida por Hartmann y el carácter ilusorio del conocimiento propuesto por Schopenhauer. Un entramado de ideas que bien reflejan los póstumos de esta etapa y que, si tomamos como hilo genealógico-interpretativo sus preocupaciones lingüísticas, se revelarán como la verdadera geología del mapa conceptual explayado en Über Wahrheit und Lüge im aussermoralischen Sinne. Escrito en el que Nietzsche no sólo sintetiza, concretiza y clarifica este camino de búsqueda, sino que prefigura los parámetros, la cartografía, de su pensamiento maduro.; The Nietzschean questions to metaphysical thought from the rejection of the traditional conception of language, are understood from the critical assimilation that Nietzsche makes of thinkers enrolled in the orbit of neo-Kantianism as Schopenhauer, Hartmann or Lange. During the years 1865-1872, in a very intuitive way, with formulas inherited from his admired teacher Schopenhauer, and under the influence of the Wagnerian cultural project, Nietzsche combines his cultural background with readings of critical thinkers such as Lange or Hartmann. Rehearsing his own thinking from sketches that are not without tension and confrontations, as well as great insights. A universe of readings that a short time later (1873) the young professor from Basel, reoriented from the tropological aspects of language, from his reception of Die Sprache als Kunst by G. Gerber. In the following article, we propose to trace a genesis of his critique of "metaphysical thought" from the reconstruction of his early concerns about knowledge. Focusing on the Nachgelassene Fragmente of this period (1865-1875), we will try to reconstruct the multifaceted Nietzschean reception of the epistemological critique assumed by Lange, the value of the instinctual-unconscious in the configuration of representations sustained by Hartmann and the illusory character of knowledge proposed by Schopenhauer. A network of ideas that well reflect the posthumous fragments of this stage and that, if we take their linguistic concerns as a genealogical-interpretative thread, will reveal themselves as the true geology of the conceptual map expanded in Über Wahrheit und Lüge im aussermoralischen Sinne. Work in which Nietzsche not only synthesizes, concretizes and clarifies this path of search, but prefigures the parameters, the cartography, of his mature thought.

Microemprendedores familiares y espíritu de empresa desde una mirada sociológica Seid, Gonzalo Javier En este artículo se analizan, a partir de los conceptos de la teoría de las clases sociales de Bourdieu, cuatro historias de personas que viven en Buenos Aires cuyas familias han tenido un microemprendimiento. Las historias se analizan como trayectorias de clase social, es decir, se observan las distintas especies de capital en juego y su transformación a través de tiempo. También se hace referencia a las disposiciones subjetivas y las estrategias familiares, con el fin de confrontarlas con los principios habitualmente aceptados para la administración racional de los negocios. Por último, se reflexiona sobre la mirada sociológica de los microemprendimientos familiares y su relación con los saberes de las disciplinas económicas.; Based on Bourdieu's theory of social classes, we analyze four life stories of people living in Buenos Aires whose families have had a micro-enterprise. The stories are interpreted as social class pathways, since we are interested in different kinds of capital at stake and their transformation over time. Moreover, we analyze subjective dispositions and family strategies, in order to confront them with the commonly accepted principles for the rational administration of business. Lastly, we reflect on the sociological view of family microenterprises and its connection with the knowledge of economic disciplines.; Este artigo analisa, com base nos conceitos da teoria das classes sociais de Bourdieu, quatro histórias de pessoas que vivem em Buenos Aires cujas famílias tiveram uma microempresa. As histórias são analisadas como trajetórias de classe social, ou seja, são observadas as diferentes espécies de capital em jogo e sua transformação ao longo do tempo. Também é feita referência a disposições subjetivas e estratégias familiares, a fim de confrontá-las com os princípios comumente aceitos para a administração racional dos negócios. Por fim, reflete sobre a visão sociológica das microempresas familiares e sua relação com o conhecimento das disciplinas econômicas.

Campo adentro y ciudad afuera: Posiciones de género en el cine de Julia Solomonoff; Field inside and city outside: Julia Solomonoff´s cinema gender positions Martinelli, Lucas Sebastián Este ensayo analiza las posiciones y las significaciones del cine de Julia Solomonoff para considerar los aspectos que una perspectiva fílmica puede otorgar a cierta política de los cuerpos ficcionales como un terreno de disputas y problemáticas relativas al género, la sexualidad y la migración. Hermanas (2005), El último verano de la boyita (2009) y Nadie nos mira (2017) son largometrajes que proponen modelos especiales para considerar las formas de politicidad que el cine puede asumir respecto a cuestiones sociales y, de este modo, extender la experiencia estética hacia una implicancia de lo común.; This essay analyzes the space incursions and the meanings of Julia Solomonoff’s cinema to consider the aspects that a filmic perspective can grant to a certain politics of fictional bodies as a field of disputes and problems related to gender, sexuality and migration. Hermanas (2005), El último verano de la boyita (2009) y Nadie nos mira (2017) are feature films that propose special models to consider the forms of politics that cinema can assume regarding social issues and, in this way, extend the field of aesthetic towards a common implication.

Controls of forage selective defoliation by sheep in arid rangelands Oñatibia, Gastón Rafael; Golluscio, Rodolfo; Texeira González, Marcos Alexis; Paruelo, José Selective grazing by domestic livestock is a major control of plant community structure and dynamics in drylands. However, grazing impact predictions supporting management decisions are frequently based on average biomass consumption, neglecting selectivity. We evaluated the relative importance of grazing pressure, total and each species density, and plant dead biomass proportion as drivers of selective defoliation by sheep in three dominant native grass species in Patagonian steppes. Species were Poa ligularis, Festuca pallescens, and Pappostipa speciosa, which a priori present different preference degree by sheep. The relevance of these drivers for differently preferred species has not been simultaneously studied. We recorded the defoliation frequency and degree of the three species (dependent variables) throughout 112 field surveys. Besides, we recorded grazing management and vegetation structure descriptors (independent variables). Poa ligularis was highly defoliated (90% of plants), and grazing pressure was the leading driver (asymptotic exponential relationship). For F. pallescens, almost 70% of plants were defoliated, and defoliation non-linearly increased as grazing pressure rose and linearly decreased as both its dead biomass proportion and P. ligularis density increased. For P. speciosa, defoliation was low (20% of plants) and linearly decreased as both its dead biomass proportion and the density of the other two species increased. Grazing pressure played a negligible role in this species. These patterns confirmed that P. ligularis, F. pallescens, and P. speciosa, respectively, present high, intermediate, and low preference degree by sheep. In conclusion, our findings suggest that (1) selective defoliation can be satisfactorily predicted as function of grazing pressure, species densities, and plant dead biomass proportion; (2) grazing pressure becomes a more relevant driver as species preference rises and its effect on defoliation is markedly non-linear; (3) the dead biomass proportion and the abundance of highly preferred species are the leading factors determining less preferred species defoliation; and (4) grazing pressure management by itself is not enough to reduce the high defoliation of preferred species and increase the defoliation of non-preferred species. This knowledge is critical for developing effective management practices to control forage species defoliation in rangelands worldwide where species with different preference by herbivores coexist.

On the first step in zinc deposition – A case of nonlinear coupling with the solvent Quaino, Paola Monica; Colombo, Estefanía; Juárez, Fernanda; Santos, Elizabeth; Belletti, Gustavo Daniel; Groß, Axel; Schmickler, Wolfgang The deposition of zinc from aqueous solutions is of great practical importance, and it also serves as a prototype for the deposition of divalent ions. Both experiment and theory agree, that it takes place in two steps. Previous theoretical work [1] had suggested that the step, Zn+++e-→Zn+ takes place in the outer sphere, but gave a prohibitively high energy of activation of the order of 1.4 eV, in accord with the enigma of metal deposition postulated by Gileadi [2]. In this work the treatment of the reactant – solvent interaction is substantially improved by introducing nonlinear terms based on molecular dynamics. Our calculations suggest that the first steps follows an inner sphere path with a much lower energy of activation, which results in a physically adsorbed Zn+ ion. The second step then occurs on the electrode surface. These findings are in line with experimental data.

In Silico Study of the Interaction between Casein with Tocopherols: Preliminary Evaluation of Lipophilic Substrate Inclusion on Proteic Matrix Guntero, Vanina Alejandra; Gutierrez, Leandro Gabriel; Kneeteman, Maria Nelida; Ferretti, Cristián Alejandro Bovine casein is a family of milk proteins with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions thatshow block distribution within the protein chain. These amphiphilic properties offer great potentialas a material for use as a matrix for transporting active materials such as tocopherol. In this work,we aimed to evaluate the interaction of α1-casein, the main fraction of casein, with vitamin E bydocking calculations. Docking studies were conducted using SwissDock and DockThor servers.Using specific scoring functions based on energy terms, the best protein?ligand binding modelswere obtained. The observed interactions between vitamin E and amino acid residues consisted ofseveral hydrophobic interactions (e.g., with Tyr119, Ala144, Trp179, Met211, Pro212). A few hydrogen bonds were observed between the phenyl group of vitamin E and the carboxylate group ofthe glutamic acid residue (e.g., with Glu85, Glu148). In conclusion, the results suggest that there isa major interaction of vitamin E with random coil structure and interaction with segments formedby α-helix and β-sheet. This implies that in random coil segments there is a predominance of hydrophobic domains.

Microbiota diversity change as quality indicator of soils exposed to intensive periurban agriculture Raiger Iustman, Laura Judith; Almasqué, Facundo Joaquín; Vullo, Diana Lia In Argentina, periurban agriculture is performed by farmers with inadequate training in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, developing horticulture with serious soil deterioration. The aim of this work was to monitor bacterial diversity of a horticultural soil (S) and a reference soil (R) as quality index for the design of future restoration strategies. As crops changed together with the agrochemical applications, sample collection was before harvest for strawberries, post-harvest for red peppers, pre-harvest broccoli crop and of a resting soil in treatment with poultry litter as a fertilizing amendment. Bacterial diversity was analysed by the use of high throughput sequencing of the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Analysis of R soils seemed relatively constant in time, enriched in Alphaproteobacteria and Acidobacteria consistent with a reference to soil health. The effect of the intensive use of S soils was proved by differences in Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria relative abundances. The main evidence of the alteration of S soils was the increase in Bacteroidetes and Betaproteobacteria. A weak recuperation trend of S soil microbiota was registered during a post-harvest inactive period. A strong influence of the soil use routine—consisting in high crop rotation and short time-rest cycles—on microbial community structure was verified. These results indicate the microbiota perturbation, caused by the intense use of periurban agriculture soils and will contribute for further actions to improve environment quality.

Chinese cooperation with Africa in health infrastructure in the context of Coronavirus Crisis: BRI’s new emerging priority? Giaccaglia, Clarisa; Dussort, María Noel; Marchetti, Agustina The aim of this paper is to analyse infrastructure cooperation projects China has carried out in Sub-Saharan Africa in the period 2013-2020, considering that since Xi Jinping’s assumption China has spread more cooperation initiatives in infrastructure projects in the framework of the BRI. We focus on Chinese cooperation in health infrastructure, since COVID-19 global health emergency highlighted the lack of multilateral cooperation and gave China once again the opportunity to consolidate itself as a big player in the international system, this time in health issues.

Perros indígenas en el Noreste argentino Castro, Juan Carlos; Bonomo, Mariano; González Venanzi, Lucio; Cornero, Silvia Elena El registro de Canis familiaris en contextos arqueológicos resulta cada vez más frecuente en Sudamérica. En este escenario, este trabajo discute su rol económico y social dentro de las sociedades indígenas prehispánicas. Se presentan nuevos hallazgos de perros procedentes de cinco sitios arqueológicos del Noreste argentino. La muestra estudiada incluye siete especímenes craneales y uno poscraneal correspondientes a individuos jóvenes y adultos, de tamaños medianos (13-23 kg). Algunos de los especímenes presentan huellas de corte y marcas de carnívoros. Tres nuevas fechas taxón ubican a la muestra entre aproximadamente 2500 y 900 cal aP. Se concluye que C. familiaris presenta edades y tamaños ligeramente mayores a los registrados previamente. Asimismo, la evidencia antrópica indica procesamiento y consumo de esta especie. Las dataciones extienden el rango cronológico conocido previamente para este taxón en Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay. Su presencia se vincula a cazadores-recolectores-pescadores y horticultores, con una marcada adaptación fluvial durante el Holoceno tardío.; The recording of Canis familiaris specimens in archaeological sites of South America has occurred with increasing regularity. In this scenario, this article discusses their economic and social role within prehispanic indigenous societies. It presents new remains of dogs originating from five archaeological sites in the Northeast Argentina region. The sample studied includes seven cranial specimens and one postcranial belonging to young and adult individuals of medium body size (13–23 kg). Some of the specimens present anthropic cut marks and carnivore marks. Three new taxonomic dates place the sample between about 2500 and 900 14C cal BP. The conclusion is that C. familiaris presents slightly greater ages and sizes than previous records show. Likewise, anthropic evidence indicates the processing and consumption of the species. The new 14C dates extend the chronological range previously known for indigenous dogs in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Their presence is linked to hunter-gatherer-fishers and horticulturalists, with a pronounced fluvial adaptation during the late Holocene.

La labor etnográfica en dos organismos estatales de administración de conflictos: Una mirada sobre los documentos y los casos; Etnographic work in two state conflicto managment agencies: A view on documents and cases; Trabalho etnográfico em duas agências estatais de gestão de conflitos: Um olhar sobre os documentos e casos Pizarro, Matías Rafael; Larrea, Natalia Jimena El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar acerca de la producción documental y el estudio de casos a partir de la labor etnográfica desarrollada en dos organismos estatales de administración de conflictos en la ciudad de Olavarría, provincia de Buenos Aires, durante el año 2018. Por un lado, destacamos la importancia que los documentos comprenden como pistas, y también prácticas, para explorar la niñez y la vecindad como formas sociales objeto de regulación estatal. En este sentido, se describe y analiza el modo en que las formas de documentar del Estado impactan en la tramitación de conflictos vecinales y en la administración de situaciones asociadas a la niñez con derechos vulnerados. Por otro lado, nos ocupamos de señalar las potencialidades y límites que implica para el desarrollo y continuidad de nuestras investigaciones un abordaje metodológico centrado en casos.; The aim of this paper is to reflect on the documentary production and case studies based on the ethnographic work developed in two state agencies of conflict management in the city of Olavarría, Province of Buenos Aires, during the year 2018. On the one hand, we highlight the importance that the documents have as clues, and also practices, to explore childhood and neighbourhood as social forms subject to state regulation. In this sense, we describe and analyze the way in which the State’s forms of documentation impact the processing of neighborhood conflicts and the administration of situations associated with children “with violated rights”. On the other hand, we point out the potential and limits that a case-based methodological approach implies for the development and continuity of our research.; O objectivo deste artigo é reflectir sobre a produção documental e estudos de caso baseados no trabalho etnográfico desenvolvido em duas agências estatais de gestão de conflitos na cidade de Olavarría, Província de Buenos Aires, durante o ano de 2018. Por um lado, salientamos a importância que os documentos têm como pistas, e também como práticas, para explorar a infância e a vizinhança como formas sociais sujeitas a regulação estatal. Neste sentido, descrevemos e analisamos a forma como as formas de documentação do Estado têm impacto no tratamento dos conflitos de vizinhança e na administração de situações associadas a crianças “com direitos violados”. Por outro lado, salientamos também o potencial e os limites que uma abordagem metodológica baseada em casos concretos implica para o desenvolvimento e a continuidade da nossa investigação.

Comparison of different analytical methods to evaluate the heat shock protein (HSP) response in fruits: Application to tomatoes subjected to stress treatments Polenta, Gustavo Alberto; Guidi, Silvina Mabel; Ambrosi, Vanina; Denoya, Gabriela Inés Heat shock proteins (HSP) are synthesized in living tissues exposed to transient increase in temperature and play a central role in the protective response against heat and other stresses. In fruits, this response to heat treatment provides resistance to a physiological alteration known as chilling injury. Despite the physiological importance of this group of proteins, publications comparing different methodological alternatives for their analysis are rather scarce. In the present paper, we conducted a comparative study using different electrophoretic and immunological techniques to evaluate the HSP response in fruits. Proteins were extracted from tomato fruit exposed to an HSP-inducing temperature (38º C) for different times (0, 3, 20, and 27 hours). Different alternatives of analysis (SDS-PAGE, SDS-PAGE followed by IEF, western blot, and dot blot) were performed, and their potential application discussed. The study was complemented with a practical application, in which tomatoes were subjected to heat and anaerobic treatments and then stored in a chill-inducing temperature. This application evidences the relevance of knowing the level of proteins attained by stress treatments which correlates with the acquired tolerance.

Obsidiana negra en la costa norte de Santa Cruz: interacciones humanas y aprovisionamiento lítico; Black obsidian in the north coast of Santa Cruz: human interactions and lithic procurement Ambrustolo, Pablo Los análisis geoquímicos realizados sobre artefactos de obsidiana negra de la costa norte de Santa Cruz evidencian la circulación a larga distancia, al menos desde el Holoceno medio, de las tres variedades de esta materia prima reconocidas en la fuente Pampa del Asador, ubicada aproximadamente a 400 km hacia el oeste de la mencionada área. Estudios de arqueología distribucional realizados a escala regional, sostienen que las frecuencias relativas de artefactos de obsidiana, sus tamaños y proporción de reserva cortical, decrecerían desde el oeste hacia el este, a medida que se alejan de la potencial fuente de abastecimiento. En un trabajo previo planteamos que el registro de evidencias de talla inicial de rodados de obsidiana, sumado a la identificación de artefactos con elevados porcentajes de corteza, sugería que la obtención de piezas de dicha materia prima se habría dado bajo morfologías de rodado. En función del hallazgo de guijarros de obsidiana negra, los cuales presentan dimensiones similares a los registrados en la propia fuente, sostenemos que el aprovisionamiento de los mismos se habría dado a través de variados mecanismos vinculados, entre otros factores, con el establecimiento y fortalecimiento de relaciones sociales en el marco de circuitos de movilidad que vincularían la costa y el interior.; Geochemical analyzes performed on black obsidian artifacts from the north coast of Santa Cruz show the long-distance circulation, at least from the middle Holocene, of the three varieties of this raw material recognized at the Pampa del Asador source, located approximately 400 km west of the mentioned area. Studies of distributional archeology conducted at regional level, argue that the relative frequencies of obsidian artifacts, their sizes and proportion of cortical reserve, would decrease from the west to the east, as they move away from the potential procurement source. In a previous paper, we suggested that the record of evidence of initial knapping events of obsidian pebbles, added to the identification of artifacts with high percentages of cortex, suggested that obtaining pieces of said raw material would have been under pebbles morphologies. Based on the finding of black obsidian pebbles, which have similar dimensions to those recorded at the source itself, we proposal that their procurement would have occurred through various mechanisms linked, among other factors, with the establishment and strengthening of social relations within the framework of mobility circuits that would link the coast and the interior.

Mapas callejeros o cómo transitar el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires. La guía Filcar de planos suburbanos de 1955; Street maps: How to circulate in Buenos Aires' Metropolitan Area. Filcar Guide's 1955 suburban maps Gomez Pintus, Ana Helena; Minatta, Florencia Desde mediados de la década del treinta, acompañando el escenario dinámico de la expansión metropolitana de Buenos Aires se reconoce un notable incremento en la producción de mapas viales, que presentan un panorama muy diverso, en cuanto a los modos de producción y los usuarios a los que pretendían llegar. Sintéticamente, el estudio que aquí planteamos propone el análisis de un caso: la guía Filcar de planos suburbanos de 1955. Se busca dar cuenta de sus características particulares, formas de producción, de circulación y usuarios a quienes estaba dirigida. Los primeros resultados dan cuenta de que su novedad residía en cubrir un amplio sector del GBA a partir de láminas individuales que presentaban información vial en una escala de entre 1:20.000 y 1:40.000 incluyendo topónimos de calles, con índice lateral y publicidades. Por otro lado, a partir de una metodología de restitución, fue posible dar cuenta de que la guía no recompone la totalidad del área metropolitana, sino que algunos sectores poblados quedan vacantes del relevamiento.; From mid-1930s, alongside the dynamic scenario of Buenos Aires' metropolitan expansion, there is a notorious increase in street map publication, with great diversity in production modes and target users. Briefly, this article aims to study the case of Filcar Guide's 1955 suburban map collection. Its peculiar features, production and circulation modes and target users will be discussed. Preliminary results show that its novelty resided in its coverage of a wide Greater Buenos Aires area, in individual sheets presenting road information on a 1:20.000 to 1:40.000 scale, including street toponyms, next to a side index and advertisements. On the other hand, with the aid of restitution methodology, it was possible to show that the Guide does not map out the entirety of the metropolitan area: instead, some populated areas are unsurveyed.

Differential expression of the long and truncated Hv1 isoforms in breast‐cancer cells Ventura, Clara; Leon, Ignacio Esteban; Asuaje, Agustín; Martín, Pedro; Enrique, Nicolás Jorge; Núñez, Mariel Alejandra; Cocca, Claudia Marcela; Milesi, Verónica Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells results in a high production of acidic substances that must be extruded to maintain tumor-cell viability. The voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1) mediates highly selective effluxes of hydronium-ion (H+ ) that prevent deleterious cytoplasmic acidification. In the work described here, we demonstrated for the first time that the amino-terminal-truncated isoform of Hv1 is more highly expressed in tumorigenic breast-cancer-cell lines than in nontumorigenic breast cells. With respect to Hv1 function, we observed that pharmacologic inhibition of that channel, mediated by the specific blocker 5-chloro-2-guanidinobenzimidazole, produced a drop in intracellular pH and a decrease in cell viability, both in monolayer and in three-dimensional cultures, and adversely affected the cell-cycle in tumorigenic breast cells without altering the cycling of nontumorigenic cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the Hv1 channel could be a potential tool both as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target in breast-cancer disease.

Conceptos básicos de electricidad y magnetismo en una escuela primaria y aprendizaje por proyectos; Basic concepts about electricity and magnetism in an elementary school and project-based learning Fanaro, Maria de Los Angeles; Elgue, Mariana; Suasnábar, Juan Manuel del Valle Se presenta el análisis de un trabajo por proyectos realizado en un curso de cuarto año de una escuela primaria, generado a partir de un apagón eléctrico masivo y extendido en el tiempo, ocurrido a mediados de junio de 2019 en Argentina. Se busca explorar y comprender qué conceptos y actitudes científicas se lograron construir durante el desarrollo del proyecto, y qué papel tuvieron en este proceso los estudiantes. En particular, se analiza la forma en que concurren la intencionalidad del aprendizaje, la conexión con el entorno real y la vivencia de los estudiantes. Se realizó una inmersión en el campo con observaciones no participantes en clases dentro y fuera del aula y en reuniones del equipo docente. El trabajo destaca el resultado de la co-construcción de un interés común, que fue un hecho del entorno real de los estudiantes, que dio lugar a la entrada al aula de conceptos complejos como corriente eléctrica e inducción electromagnética, incidiendo así en la intencionalidad del aprendizaje y en las vivencias de las situaciones dentro y fuera del aula, por los estudiantes junto a sus docentes.; The analysis of a project work carried out in a fourth-year course of an elementary school, generated from a massive and extended electrical blackout, occurred in mid-June 2019 in Argentina is presented. The aim is to explore and understand the scientific concepts that were achieved during the development of the project, and the role the students had in this process. In particular, the way in which the intentionality of learning, the connection with the real environment and the experience of the students concur are analyzed. A set of non-participant observations in classes and in the meetings of the teaching team were done. The work highlights the result of the co-construction of a common interest, which was a fact of the real environment of the students, which led to the entry into the classroom of complex concepts such as electric current and electromagnetic induction, thus influencing the intentionality of the learning and in the experiences of the situations inside and outside the classroom, by the students together with their teachers.

Emulsions containing essential oils, their components or volatile semiochemicals as promising tools for insect pest and pathogen management Lucia, Alejandro; Guzmán, Eduardo Most of the traditional strategies used for facing the management of insect pest and diseases have started to fail due to different toxicological issues such as the resistance of target organism and the impact on environment and human health. This has made mandatory to seek new effective strategies, which minimize the risks and hazards without compromising the effectiveness of the products. The use of essential oils, their components and semiochemicals (pheromones and allelochemicals) has become a promising safe and eco-sustainable alternative for controlling insect pest and pathogens. However, the practical applications of this type of molecules remain rather limited because their high volatility, poor solubility in water and low chemical stability. Therefore, it is required to design strategies enabling their use without any alteration of their biological and chemical properties. Oil-in-water nano/microemulsions are currently considered as promising tools for taking advantage of the bioactivity of essential oils and their components against insects and other pathogens. Furthermore, these colloidal systems also allows the encapsulation and controlled release of semiochemicals, which enables their use in traps for monitoring, trapping or mating disruption of insects, and in push-pull strategies for their behavioral manipulation. This has been possible because the use of nano/microemulsions allows combining the protection provided by the hydrophobic environment created within the droplets with the enhanced dispersion of the molecules in an aqueous environment, which favors the handling of the bioactive molecules, and limits their degradation, without any detrimental effect over their biological activity. This review analyzes some of the most recent advances on the use of emulsion-like dispersions as a tool for controlling insect pest and pathogens. It is worth noting that even though the current physico-chemical knowledge about these systems is relatively poor, a deeper study of the physico-chemical aspects of nanoemulsions/microemulsions containing essential oils, their components or semiochemicals, may help for developing most effective formulations, enabling the generalization of their use.

Le travail et l’éthique du care en temps de pandémie: Une recension située de Le Care Monde de Pascale Molinier; Trabajo y ética del cuidado en tiempos de pandemia. Una lectura situada de Le Care Monde de Pascale Molinier (Ediciones ens, 2018); Work and ethics of care in times of pandemic. A situated review of Le Care Monde by Pascale Molinier (ens Editions, 2018) Borgeaud Garciandia, Natacha Comment parler du « Care Monde » en temps de pandémie ? Cet article de présentation de l’ouvrage de Pascale Molinier Le Care Monde (2018) en offre une lecture située, qui s’inscrit dans le contexte particulier de la pandémie de la Covid-19 de l’année 2020, marqué par la mise en lumière à la fois de la centralité du travail de care dans la vie humaine et des effets dévastateurs de l’idéologie gestionnaire dans les secteurs du soin et de la santé. Le travail de care et les attachements constituent le fil conducteur d’expériences diverses que Pascale Molinier tisse ensemble dans une réflexion sur l’éthique, la psychologie et la philosophie morales, partant d’une écoute sensible de personnes engagées dans une relation de care à autrui.; ¿Cómo hablar del “Mundo del Cuidado” en tiempos de pandemia? Este artículo ofrece una lectura situada del libro de Pascale Molinier Le Care Monde (2018) en el contexto particular de la pandemia de Covid-19 del año 2020, el cual puso a la luz la centralidad del trabajo de cuidado en la vida humana, así como los efectos devastadores de la ideología gestionaria en los sectores del cuidado y de la salud. El trabajo de cuidado y los apegos constituyen el hilo conductor de diversas experiencias que Pascale Molinier entreteje en una reflexión sobre la ética, la psicología y la filosofía moral, a partir de la escucha sensible de personas comprometidas con el cuidado de otros.; How can I restore what “Care World” refers to in times of pandemic? This article introducing Pascale Molinier’s book Le Care Monde (2018) offers a situated reading of it, in the particular context of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, marked by the highlighting of both the centrality of care work in human life and the devastating effects of managerial ideology in the care and health sectors. The work of care and the attachments constitute the common thread of diverse experiences that Pascale Molinier weaves together in a reflection on ethics, moral psychology and moral philosophy, stemming from a sensitive listening of people engaged in a relationship of care to others.

Thermal enhancement of upconversion emission in nanocrystals: a comprehensive summary Shi, Rui; Martínez, Eduardo David; Brites, Carlos D. S.; Carlos, Luís D. Luminescence thermal stability is a major figure of merit of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles playing an essential role in determining their potential applications in advanced optics. Unfortunately, considering the intensification of multiple electron-vibration interactions as temperature increases, luminescence thermal quenching of lanthanide-doped materials is generally considered to be inevitable. Recently, the emergence of thermally enhanced upconversion luminescence in lanthanide-doped nanoparticles seemed to challenge this stereotype, and the research on this topic rapidly aroused wide attention. While considerable efforts have been made to explore the origin of this phenomenon, the key mechanism of luminescence enhancement is still under debate. Here, to sort out the context of this intriguing finding, the reported results on this exciting topic are reviewed, and the corresponding enhancement mechanisms as proposed by different researchers are summarized. Detailed analyses are provided to evaluate the contribution of the most believed "surface-attached moisture desorption"process on the overall luminescence enhancement of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles at elevated temperatures. The impacts of other surface-related processes and shell passivation on the luminescence behaviour of the lanthanide-doped materials are also elaborated. Lack of standardization in the reported data and the absence of important experimental information, which greatly hinders the cross-checking and reanalysis of the results, is emphasized as well. On the foundation of these discussions, it is realized that the thermal-induced luminescence enhancement is a form of recovery process against the strong luminescence quenching in the system, and the enhancement degree is closely associated with the extent of luminescence loss induced by various quenching effects beforehand. This journal is

Update on the Functionality of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and its Interaction with Dendritic Cells, to Trigger a Pro or Anti-Inflammatory Status Coronel, Juan Valentin; Fontana, Vanina Andrea; Alcain, Julieta María; Vermulen, Mónica; Salamone, Gabriela Veronica Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine produced primarily by activated epithelial cells of the lung, skin and intestine. The foremost property of this cytokine is to condition dendritic cells (DC) to initiate type 2 responses, and consequently to develop a wide range of related disease, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic responses. However, TSLP is also associated with regulatory and homeostatic processes. The objective of this review is to provide a summary overview of the variety of functions found in this cytokine.