Expresión de Hemo Oxigenasa-1 y agresividad del carcinoma renal de células claras Mingote, Pablo A.; Ramirez Ibarra, Félix D.; Valdemoros, Paula; Cabaleiro, Patricia; Cuello Carrión, Fernando Darío; Zyla, Leila Ester; López Laur, José D.; López Fontana, Constanza Matilde OBJETIVO: Hemoxigenasa 1 (HO-1) es una enzima que tiene efectos antiapoptóticos y proliferativos en células tumorales. Sin embargo, existe poca evidencia epidemiológica y clínica sobre el rol de la HO-1 en los tumores urológicos. Objetivo: determinar si existe correlación entre la expresión de HO-1 y las características histológicas, evolución, Sobrevida Libre de Enfermedad (SLE) y mortalidad por cáncer en Carcinomas Renales de Células Claras (cRCC). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en 34 pacientes (9 mujeres y 25 hombres) con cRCC del Servicio de Urología del Policlínico Neuquén, reclutados entre los años 2003 y 2008. Se determinó a expresión de HO-1 por Inmunohistoquímica (IHQ). El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba T de Student y Coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: HO-1 se expresó en el epitelio de los túbulos del tejido renal normal y en el citoplasma de las células tumorales de cRCC. No se observaron diferencias en la expresión de HO-1 según género, edad, tamaño tumoral, estadio de la enfermedad y SLE a los 5 años. Los tumores con Fuhrman alto presentaron una mayor expresión de HO-1 que los Furhman bajo (p≤0,05). El score de inmunotinción de HO-1 fue mayor en los tumores localizados en la zona interpolar, que coincidentemente presentaban un estadio más avanzado de la enfermedad. CONCLUSIONES: La sobreexpresión de HO-1 en tumores localizados en la zona interpolar y con grado de Furhman alto sugieren que HO-1 podría ser un buen marcador complementario de la agresividad del cRCC.; Summary.- OBJECTIVE: Hemoxigenase 1 (HO-1) is an enzyme that has anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects on tumor cells. However, there is little epidemiological and clinical evidence on the role of HO-1 in urologic tumors. Objective: To determine if there is correlation between the expression of HO-1 and the histological characteristics, evolution, Disease Free Survival (DFS) and cancer mortality in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (cRCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study including 34 patients (9 women and 25 men) with cRCC from the “Servicio de Urología del Policlínico Neuquén” (Argentina) throughout 2003-2008. The expression of HO-1 by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was determined. The statistical analysis was performed using the Student’s T test and Pearson correlation coefficient (p≤0.05). RESULTS: HO-1 was expressed in the epithelial cells of the tubules from normal kidney tissue and in the cytoplasm of cRCC tumor cells. There were no differences in the HO-1 expression related to the gender, age, tumor size, stage of disease and 5 years DFS. High Fuhrman cRCC had a greater expression of HO-1 compared with low Fuhrman cRCC (p≤0.05). The score of immunostaining for HO-1 was greater in those tumors located in the mesorrenal area, which coincidentally presented a more advanced stage of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of HO-1 in tumors located in the interpolar zone and with high Furhman grade suggest that HO-1 could be a good adjunctive marker for the aggressiveness of the cRCC.

New Insights into the HII Region G18.88-0.49: Hub-Filament System and Accreting Filaments Dewangan, L. K.; Ojha, D. K.; Sharma, Saurabh; del Palacio, Santiago; Bhadari, N. K.; Das, A. We present an analysis of multiwavelength observations of an area of 0.°27 × 0.°27 around the Galactic H ii region G18.88-0.49, which is powered by an O-type star (age ∼ 105 yr). The Herschel column density map reveals a shell-like feature of extension ∼12 pc × 7 pc and mass ∼2.9 × 104 M o˙ around the H ii region; its existence is further confirmed by the distribution of molecular (12CO, 13CO, C18O, and NH3) gas at [60, 70] km s-1. Four subregions are studied toward this shell-like feature and show a mass range of ∼0.8-10.5 × 103 M o˙. These subregions associated with dense gas are dominated by nonthermal pressure and supersonic nonthermal motions. The shell-like feature is associated with the H ii region, Class I protostars, and a massive protostar candidate, illustrating the ongoing early phases of star formation (including massive stars). The massive protostar is found toward the position of the 6.7 GHz methanol maser, and is associated with outflow activity. Five parsec-scale filaments are identified in the column density and molecular maps and appear to be radially directed to the dense parts of the shell-like feature. This configuration is referred to as a "hub-filament"system. Significant velocity gradients (0.8-1.8 km s-1 pc-1) are observed along each filament, suggesting that the molecular gas flows toward the central hub along the filaments. Overall, our observational findings favor a global nonisotropic collapse scenario as discussed in Motte et al., which can explain the observed morphology and star formation in and around G18.88-0.49.

Concepciones acerca de la enseñanza en docentes de ingeniería: diseño y validación de un cuestionario de dilemas y estudio descriptivo; Conceptions about teaching in engineering teachers: design and validation of a dilemmas questionnaire and descriptive study Buffa, Fabián Alejandro; García, María Basilisa; Moro, Lucrecia; Menna, Máximo; Massa, Paola Andrea; Fanovich, Maria Alejandra; Fuchs, Vanesa Maria El presente trabajo consiste en el diseño y validación de un cuestionario de dilemas elaborado para indagar concepciones sobre la enseñanza en docentes de ingeniería. El marco teórico desde el cual fueron interpretadas las concepciones es el de las teorías implícitas, asumiendo que son representaciones que, si bien están explícitamente constituidas en la memoria cognitiva, poseen cierto carácter implícito desde la posibilidad que tiene el sujeto de hacerlas conscientes y verbalizarlas. La versión final del cuestionario consiste en doce dilemas que abarcan aspectos vinculados con ?qué? y con ?cómo? se enseña. Cada dilema tiene tres opciones de respuesta, correspondiendo cada una con las tres concepciones sobre la enseñanza obtenidas en un estudio previo de carácter cualitativo. La versión final del instrumento mostró un grado de fiabilidad aceptable (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,702). La prueba piloto aplicada a una muestra de 100 docentes de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata mostró que este instrumento es útil para describir sus concepciones sobre la enseñanza.; The present work consists in the adaptation and validation of a dilemma questionnaire, designed to investigate conceptions about teaching in engineering professors. The conceptions were analyzed from a conceptual framework of implicit theories. It was assumed that these are representations that may be explicitly constituted in cognitive memory. However, they may also possess a certain implicit character from the subject's ability to make them conscious and verbalize them. The final version of the questionnaire consists of twelve dilemmas that cover aspects related to “what” is taught and also to “how” it is taught. Each dilemma has three response options, which correspond with the three conceptionsabout teaching obtained in a previous qualitative study. The final version of the instrument showed an acceptable degree of reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0,702). The pilot test applied to a sample of 100 teachers from the Faculty of Engineering of the National University of Mar del Plata confirmed that this instrument is useful to describe their conceptions of teaching.

Neuroprotective effect of melatonin loaded in ethylcellulose nanoparticles applied topically in a retinal degeneration model in rabbits Bessone, Carolina del Valle; Martinez, Sofía Inés; Luna, José Domingo; Márquez, Marilyn A.; Ramirez, Maria Laura; Allemandi, Daniel Alberto; Carpentieri, Agata Rita; Quinteros, Daniela Alejandra We are reporting for the first time the synthesis and application of an innovative nanometric system for the controlled topic release of melatonin in the retina. The ethylcellulose nanocapsules were characterized by diverse physicochemical techniques (scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameters) and an in vitro release study was done. A complete ex vivo and in vivo trans-corneal permeation and an irritation study were carried out with the new formulations in albino rabbits, to which a retinal degenerative model was induced. The results obtained demonstrate that the in vitro release of melatonin (1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL) transported by nanocapsules is slower when compared to a solution of melatonin. Greater penetration of melatonin through the cornea was demonstrated by ex vivo and in vivo tests. This can be attributable to an enhanced neuroprotective effect of melatonin on retinal ganglion cells when it is included in ethylcellulose nanocapsules compared to a solution of melatonin. These outstanding findings add promising new perspectives to current knowledge about administrations using nano-technological tools in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases at the ocular level.

Influence of complexity and habitat heterogeneity on macrofaunal assemblages provided by an invasive ecosystem engineer in Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon Martinez, Lorena E.; Bazterrica, Maria Cielo; Hidalgo, Fernando Jose Invasive ecosystem engineers change habitat attributes and species abundance, affecting the structure of invaded communities. In the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (37° 40′S, 57° 23°W), the invasive reef-building polychaete Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1823) generates a heterogeneous environment with habitats of variable complexity: the reefs themselves (high complexity), the sediment surrounding the reefs (low complexity), and the substrate from the areas without reefs (intermediate complexity). Our objective was to compare the macrofaunal assemblages along the whole complexity gradient. We hypothesized that individuals' abundance, diversity, species richness, and evenness of the macrofaunal assemblages increase with habitat complexity, since more complex habitats may represent greater availability of suitable spaces. The composition of the species assemblage was compared through monthly field samplings in each of the three habitats. Results showed that individuals' abundance increased with habitat complexity. In addition, amphipods were the most abundant group in the reefs, while ostracods were the most abundant group in the sediment surrounding the reefs and that from reef-free areas. However, community parameters were occasionally similar between the reefs and the sediment from reef-free areas, depending on the month considered. Our study suggests that the invasion of F. enigmaticus changed the macrofaunal assemblages and the individuals' abundances by providing a high complexity substrate, but also, and less predictably, by increasing habitat heterogeneity, highlighting the importance of including both dimensions of habitat structure in the study of invasions by ecosystem engineers.

Time lag between metamorphism and crystallization of anatectic granites (Córdoba, Argentina) D'eramo, Fabiana; Esteban, J. J.; Coniglio, Jorge Enrique; Demartis, Manuel; Aragón, Luis Enrique; Pinotti, Lucio Pedro SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS analyses carried out on zircons from the Río de los Sauces granite revealed their metamorphic and igneous nature. The metamorphic zircons yielded an age of 537±4.8 (2σ)Ma that probably predates the onset of the anatexis during the Pampean orogeny. By contrast, the igneous zircons yielded a younger age of 529±6 (2σ)Ma and reflected its crystallization age. These data point to a short time lag of ca. 8Myr between the High Temperature (HT) metamorphic peak and the subsequent crystallization age of the granite. Concordia age of 534±3.8 (2σ)Ma, for both types of zircon populations, can be considered as the mean age of the Pampean HT metamorphism in the Sierras de Córdoba.

El habla en las Tertulias Dialógicas Literarias: un estudio con docentes y estudiantes de 6to grado de la provincia de Santa Fe; Speech in Dialogic Literary Gatherings: a study with 6th grade teachers and students from the province of Santa Fe Lewinsky, Viviana; Alam, Florencia El presente trabajo analiza la distribución del habla de estudiantes y docentes y el proceso de construcción interaccional de relatos de experiencia personal producidos por estudiantes de 6to grado durante una serie de Tertulias Dialógicas Literarias. El corpus de datos incluye 6 registros videofilmados en una escuela primaria de gestión estatal de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina, a la que asisten niños que viven en barrios suburbanos empobrecidos. Para el análisis se emplearon procedimientos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Los resultados mostraron que la distribución del habla configurada en la actividad no logra diferenciarse de aquella característica de las actividades escolares y que para construir los relatos los estudiantes se apoyan en fragmentos del texto, las narrativas de otros estudiantes y preguntas de las docentes.; The current study analyses the distribution of students and teachers talk and the interactional construction of personal experience narratives produced by 6th grade students during a series of Dialogic Literary Gatherings. The data corpus consists of 6 videotaped Dialogic Literary Gatherings in a public primary school in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. The school is attended by children belonging to suburban and vulnerable populations. For the analysis, quantitative and qualitative procedures were used. The results showed that the talk distribution configured in the Dialogic Literary Gatherings does not differ from the characteristic talk distribution in school activities and that in order to construct personal narratives the students lean on fragments of the text, others student’s narratives and teacher’s questions.

Efecto de longitud silábica en español: evidencia en lectores adultos; Syllabic length effect in spanish: evidence from adult readers Difalcis, Micaela; Ferreres, Aldo Rodolfo; Abusamra, Valeria Los modelos cognitivos de doble ruta de lectura apoyan la existencia de dos vías: la léxica que opera con palabras completas y permite el acceso directo desde la ortografía a la semántica y a la pronunciación; y la subléxica que funciona de manera analítica convirtiendo, mediante reglas de correspondencia, cada uno de los grafemas en el fonema correspondiente. Numerosas investigaciones concluyen que el efecto de longitud constituye un índice de gran utilidad para el estudio de los mecanismos que subyacen a la lectura. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar el efecto de longitud a partir del análisis de los tiempos de reacción. Para esto, se evaluaron 84 estudiantes universitarios con una tarea de lectura en voz alta de palabras y no-palabras de distinta longitud. Se llevó a cabo un análisis por sujeto (F1) y un análisis por estímulo (F2) que arrojaron efecto de longitud estadísticamente significativo y, además, se observó una interacción significativa con el tipo de estímulo. Estos hallazgos constituyen evidencias convergentes con la asunción de la existencia de dos procedimientos de lectura en lenguas de ortografía transparente como el español.; Dual route theories of reading assume the existence of two paths: the lexical route, which operates with complete words and allows direct access from spelling to semantics and speech; and, the sublexic route, which operates in an analytical way converting, by correspondence rules, graphemes into phonemes. Numerous research reported that the length effect is an important aspect for the study of the processes that underlie word recognition. The objective of the present study is to examine the length effect in reaction times of participants without alterations of reading. A group of 84 university students were evaluated with a task of word and nonword reading aloud. We carried out analysis per subject (F1) and per stimulus (F2) that showed statistically significant length effect and, in addition, a significant interaction with the type of stimulus was observed. These findings constitute convergent evidence with the assumption of the existence of two reading mechanisms in transparent spelling languages such as Spanish.

Multiple refugia and glacial expansions in the Tucumane–Bolivian Yungas: The phylogeography and potential distribution modeling of Calomys fecundus (Thomas, 1926) (Rodentia: Cricetidae) Pinotti, Juan Diego; Ferreiro, Alejandro Manuel; Martin, Maria Laura; Levis, Silvana del Carmen; Chiappero, Marina Beatriz; Andreo, Verónica Carolina; González Ittig, Raúl Enrique The Yungas, a subtropical mountain rainforest of South America, has been little studied in relation to the evolutionary history of the large-bodied species of the genus Calomys. Particularly, two species have been synonymized: C. boliviae and C. fecundus; the first is only known from its type locality in the northern Bolivian Yungas, whereas the second is known along the Tucumane–Bolivian Yungas shared by Bolivia and Argentina. In this study, we combined a phylogeographic approach with ecological niche modeling, with samples covering most of the geographic range of C. fecundus. One mitochondrial and two nuclear genes were used for population genetic analyses. Current and paleoclimatic models were obtained. Nuclear genes resulted uninformative by retention of ancestral polymorphism with other species of Calomys. The mitochondrial marker revealed a complex network showing signals of several population expansions. Three genetic clusters in a latitudinal sense were detected, which are coincident with the three stable climatic zones estimated by current and paleoclimatic models. We determined a pattern of expansion during glacial cycles and ancestral refugia during interglacial cycles. None of the potential distribution models predicted the presence of C. fecundus in the type locality of C. boliviae. Therefore, we recommend making integrative taxonomic studies in the Bolivian Yungas, to determine whether or not C. fecundus and C. boliviae correspond to the same species.

An amazing new Capsicum (Solanaceae) species from the Andean-Amazonian piedmont Barboza, Gloria Estela; García, Carolina Carrizo; Scaldaferro, Marisel Analía; Bohs, Lynn Capsicum regale Barboza & Bohs, sp. nov., a new species from the tropical wet forests of the eastern Andean slopes (Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to the Andean clade (all species 2n = 26) of Capsicum and is similar to C. longifolium Barboza & S.Leiva in its glabrescence, calyx morphology, and corolla and seed color but differs in its membranous and elliptic leaves, fleshy calyces, deeper stellate corollas, longer filaments, longer and purple fruiting pedicels, purple berries, and larger seeds. Its chromosome number was counted (2n = 26), a preliminary assessment of conservation status is given and discussed, and an updated identification key to the species of the Andean clade is provided.

Barrios cerrados: patrones de localización de tipologías y modelos de estructura urbana. Caso de estudio: Ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina) 1991-2010; Gated communities: typology location patterns and urban structure models. Case Study: City of Córdoba (Argentina), 1991-2010 Lemma, Martín Hernán En la Ciudad de Córdoba se verifica la materialización del modelo de fragmentación residencial que acontece en varias ciudades latinoamericanas. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar los patrones de localización de los barrios cerrados en la Ciudad de Córdoba para construir una matriz de análisis que permita discutir dichas las transformaciones en el modelo de estructura urbana. La metodología de base empleada en este artículo es el análisis documental de documentos visuales, el mismo es realizado mediante herramientas de la morfología urbana. Los resultados permiten evidenciar la intensificación del modelo de fragmentación urbana entre 1990 y 2010, y su asentamiento casi exclusivo sobre los sectores de la ciudad con mayores ingresos. Lo anterior pone en disputa algunas de las nociones sobre la novedad de los modelos de estructura urbana en ciudades latinoamericanas a partir de los años 70.; The City of Córdoba evidences the materialization of the residential fragmentation model taking place in several Latin American cities. The aim of this article is to study location patterns in gated communities from the City of Córdoba to build an analysis matrix that will allow the study of transformations in the urban structure model. The base methodology used in this article is documentary analysis of visual documents, carried out by urban morphology tools. Results show an intensification of the urban fragmentation model between 1990 and 2010, and its almost exclusive settlement on city areas with the highest income. Tis disputes some notions about the novelty of urban structure models in Latin American cities since the 1970s.

Photodynamic therapy of tumour cells mediated by the natural anthraquinone parietin and blue light Mugas, María Laura; Calvo, Gustavo Hernán; Marioni, Juliana; Céspedes, Mariela Anahí; Martinez, Florencia; Saenz, Daniel Alberto; Di Venosa, Gabriela Mariana; Cabrera, José Luis; Núñez Montoya, Susana Carolina; Casas, Adriana Gabriela Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment for superficial tumours involving the administration of a photosensitiser followed by irradiation. The potential of the natural anthraquinone parietin (PTN) in PDT is still relatively unexploited. In the present work, PTN isolated from the lichen Teoloschistes nodulifer (Nyl.) Hillman (Telochistaceae) was evaluated as a potential photosensitiser on tumour cells employing UVA-Vis and blue light. Blue light of 2 J/cm2 induced 50% death of K562 leukaemic cells treated 1 h with 30 μM PTN (Protocol a). Higher light doses (8 J/cm2) were needed to achieve the same percentage of cell death employing lower PTN concentrations (3 μM) and higher exposure times (24 h) (Protocol b). Cell cycle analysis after both protocols of PTN-PDT revealed a high percentage of sub-G1 cells. PTN was found to be taken up by K562 cells mainly by passive diffusion. Other tumour cells such as ovary cancer IGROV-1 and LM2 mammary carcinoma, as well as the normal keratinocytes HaCaT, were also photosensitised with PTN-PDT. We conclude that PTN is a promising photosensitiser for PDT of superficial malignancies and purging of leukaemic cells, when illuminated with blue light. Thus, this light wavelength is proposed to replace the Vis-UVA lamps generally employed for the photosensitisation of anthraquinones.

Ergonomic risk assessment based on computer vision and machine learning Massiris Fernández, Manlio; Fernández, Hernán Álvaro; Bajo, Juan Miguel; Delrieux, Claudio Augusto We develop a novel method that performs accurate ergonomic risk assessment, automatically computing Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scores from snapshots or digital video using computer vision and machine learning techniques. Our method overcomes the limitations in recent developments based on computer vision or in wearable measurement sensors, being able to perform unsupervised assessment handling multiple workers simultaneously, even under sub-optimal viewing conditions (e.g., poor illumination, occlusions, and unstable camera views). The processing workflow uses open-source neural networks to detect the workers’ skeletons, after which their body-joint positions and angles are inferred, with which RULA scores are computed. The method was tested with computer-generated, controlled real-world image datasets, and with freely available videos taken in outdoor working scenarios. The computed RULA scores were in close agreement with the assessments of seven specialists in the field, achieving a Cohen´s κ over 0.6 in most real-world experiments.

Learning experiences comprising central ethanol exposure in rat neonates: Impact upon respiratory plasticity and the activity of brain catalase Trujillo, Verónica; Macchione, Ana Fabiola; Albrecht, Paula Alejandra; Virgolini, Miriam Beatriz; Molina, Juan Carlos Fetal ethanol exposure represents a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome, and the respiratory effects of fetal ethanol exposure promote hypoxic ischemic consequences. This study analyzes central ethanol's effects upon breathing plasticity during an ontogenetic stage equivalent to the human third gestational trimester. Ethanol's unconditioned breathing effects and their intervention in learning processes were examined. Since central ethanol is primarily metabolized via the catalase system, we also examined the effects of early history with the drug upon this system. During postnatal days 3, 5, and 7 (PDs 3–7), pups were intracisternally administered with vehicle or ethanol (300 mg%). They were tested in a plethysmograph scented or not scented with ethanol odor. The state of intoxication attenuated the onset of apneas, a phenomenon that is suggestive of ethanol's anxiolytic effects given the state of arousal caused by the novel environment and the stress of ethanol administration. At PD9, pups were evaluated when sober under sequential air conditions (initial-normoxia, hypoxia, and recovery-normoxia), with or without the presence of ethanol odor. Initial apneic episodes increased when ethanol intoxication was previously associated with the odor. Pups then ingested ethanol, and brain catalase activity was determined. Pre-exposure to ethanol intoxication paired with the odor of the drug resulted in heightened enzymatic activity. Central ethanol exposure appears to exert antianxiety effects that attenuate apneic disruptions. However, during withdrawal, the cues associated with such effects elicit an opposite reaction. The activity of the catalase system was also dependent upon learning processes that involved the association of environmental stimuli and ethanol intoxication.

Biological, ecological, and distributional aspects of two native species of lucilia genus (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic interest in yungas environments of Argentina Acosta, Ximena Gisela del Milagro; Gonzalez Reyes, Andrea; Centeno, Néstor Daniel; Corronca, Jose Antonio This study determined the spatial and temporal dynamics of two native neotropical species flies of forensic interest, belonging to the Lucilia (Robineau-Desvoidy) genus. The study focused on their abundance and reproductive behaviors associated with different habitats and phenological parameters. In the Province of Salta, Argentina, monthly samplings were performed over 1 yr in urban, rural, and native habitats, at morning, mid-day, and afternoon periods, controlling the oviposition of captured specimens. Environmental variables were also assessed: cloudiness, precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, and tree cover. Lucilia purpurascens (Walker) appeared to be associated with native habitats, whereas Lucilia ochricornis (Wiedemann) was mainly associated with rural habitats, exhibiting distinct habitat preferences. Two ecotones were also identified: rural-urban and rural-native, suggesting rural habitats promoted habitable conditions at its margins. Both species were recorded at the end of winter to the middle of autumn, with an initial peak in early spring, and a second peak at late summer. These peaks were associated with the highest numbers of laid eggs. Lucilia purpurascens preferred high tree coverings, whereas L. ochricornis resisted areas with intermediate sun, suggesting limited sun exposure was important. The latter was also associated with daily flight activities; during the warm season, the densest catches occurred at morning and afternoon periods, whereas during the cold season, they occurred at mid-day. Climatic variables explained 77% of variability in terms of abundance and oviposition. Synergistic effects were observed between these variables, suggesting that these variables conditioned insect distribution and reproduction, and not just temperature per se.; Aquí, se analiza la dinámica espacial y temporal de dos especies de moscas nativas neotropicales de interés forense del género Lucilia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) considerando sus abundancias y comportamiento reproductivo, asociados a diferentes hábitats y parámetros fenológicos. Muestreos mensuales se realizaron en la Provincia de Salta durante un año en los hábitats Urbano, Rural y Nativo, durante la mañana, mediodía y tarde, controlando la oviposición de los especímenes capturados. Se consideraron como variables ambientales a la nubosidad, precipitación, humedad relativa, temperatura y cobertura arbórea. Lucilia purpurascens se asoció al hábitat Nativo y L. ochricornis principalmente al Rural, mostrando preferencias hacia ellos. Se detectaron dos ecotonos: Rural–Urbano y Rural–Nativo, sugiriendo que los márgenes del hábitat rural promueven condiciones óptimas. Ambas especies se registraron desde finales del invierno hasta mediados del otoño, con un primer pico en la primavera temprana y uno segundo en el verano tardío, asociado al mayor número de puestas. L. purpurascens prefirió altas coberturas arbóreas, mientras L. ochricornis resistió zonas con exposición solar intermedia, evidenciando que la protección a la exposición solar sería clave para su subsistencia. Esto se asocia a la actividad de vuelo diaria, ya que en la temporada cálida las mayores capturas ocurrieron en la mañana y tarde, mientras que al mediodía en la temporada fría. Las variables climáticas explicaron el 77% de la variabilidad en la abundancia y oviposición con un efecto sinérgico entre ellas, sugiriendo que ellas condicionan la distribución y reproducción de estos dípteros y no solo la temperatura per se.

A mudança climática e o impacto na produção de alimentos: alguns elementos de análise da realidade brasileira e argentina; El cambio climático y el impacto en la producción de alimentos: algunos elementos del análisis de la realidad brasileña y argentina Cenci, Daniel Rubens; Lorenzo, Cristian A. El tema central de este ensayo es sobre el Cambio Climático y su impacto en la agricultura y ganadería brasileña y argentina, especialmente en lo que respecta a la geopolítica del cambio climático y la producción de alimentos. Tomando como metodología de trabajo el análisis crítico de documentos y legislación que sustentan el modelo actual de desarrollo de la agricultura y ganadería, en monocultivos de gran escala, con el fin de comprender los alcances de la adopción de prácticas orientadas a la productividad de los procesos cuantitativos y el abandono de la dimensión cualitativa del modelo de desarrollo. El enfoque de la sostenibilidad emerge en el texto como principio rector del análisis y como objetivo a buscar y trabajar como resultado de prácticas que deben ser implementadas como condición sine qua non, para mitigar los impactos del cambio climático y los procesos de adaptación. Las posibles conclusiones apuntan a la necesidad de cambios en la racionalidad económica y la adopción de prácticas identificadas con la racionalidad ambiental, que se enfoquen en satisfacer las necesidades alimentarias de la región, comprometidas con el bienestar de las generaciones presentes y; O tema central do presente ensaio versa sobre a mudança climática e seu impacto na agricultura e pecuária brasileira e argentina, espe-cialmente no que respeita à geopolítica da mudança climática e a produção de alimentos. A metodologia de trabalho foi a análise crítica de documentos e legislações que dão o suporte ao atual modelo de desenvolvimento da agricultura e pecuária nos monocultivos de grande extensão, com o objetivo de compreender o alcance da adoção de práticas voltadas para a produtividade de quantitativos e o abandono da dimensão qualitativa do modelo de desenvolvimento. O enfoque da sustentabilidade emerge no texto como princípio norteador da análise e como objetivo a ser buscado e trabalhado como resultado de práticas que devem ser introduzidas como condição sine qua non para a mitigação dos impactos da mudança climática e processos de adaptação. As possíveis conclusões apontam para a necessidade de mudanças na racionalidade econômica e adoção de práticas identificadas com a racionalidade ambiental, que primem por atender às necessidades alimentares da região, comprometidas com o bem-estar das gerações presentes e futuras, promovendo sustentabilidade O tema central do presente ensaio versa sobre a Mudança Climática e seu impacto na agricultura e pecuária brasileira e argentina, especialmente no que respeita a geopolítica da mudança climática e a produção de alimentos. Tomando como metodologia de trabalho a análise crítica de documentos e legislações que dão o suporte ao atual modelo de desenvolvimento da agricultura e pecuária, nos monocultivos de grande extensão, com o objetivo de compreender o alcance da adoção de práticas voltadas para a produtividade de quantitativos e o abandono da dimensão qualitativa do modelo de desenvolvimento. O enfoque da sustentabilidade emerge no texto como princípio norteador da análise e como objetivo a ser buscado e trabalhado como resultado de práticas que devem ser implementadas como condição sine qua non, para a mitigação dos impactos da mudança climática e processos de adaptação. As possíveis conclusões apontam para a necessidade de mudanças na racionalidade econômica e adoção de práticas identificadas com a racionalidade ambiental, que primem por atender as necessidades alimentares da região, comprometidas com o bem estar das gerações presentes e futuras, promovendo sustentabilidade.

Aplicación del método Wudapt en la ciudad de Mendoza-Argentina para definir zonas climáticas locales; Application of the Wudapt method in the city of Mendoza-Argentina to define local climate zones Colli, María Florencia; Correa Cantaloube, Erica Norma; Martinez, Claudia Fernanda El trabajo aplica el modelo de Zonas Climáticas Locales en el Área Metropolitana de Mendoza -AMM- utilizando el método WUDAPT y realiza un análisis crítico de su factibilidad de implementación en función de las características de la ciudad. Como hipótesis, contar con una zonificación de las estructuras urbanas homologadas de acuerdo a su condición microclimática esel primer paso para efectivizar la implementación de distintas estrategias de mitigación de la isla de calor a escala ciudad. Las limitaciones del método WUDAPT (World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools) en el área de estudio se vinculan a dos factores: la definición de clases para la zonificación y la condición de homogeneidad necesaria para determinar las áreas de entrenamiento. Los resultados muestran, que la clasificación WUDAPT se estructura en clases puras, con imposibilidad de generar subclases. Las clases puras están definidas de acuerdo a la combinación de un conjunto de parámetros que no describen de manera acabada la condición de los perfiles urbanos del AMM en verano, donde el arbolado en alineación actúa como elemento morfológico estructurante. Esto implica la necesidad de generar subclases, afectando la relación entre Factor de Visión de Cielo, relación alto/ancho de canal vial, Factor de Ocupación de Suelo, superficie impermeable y altura promedio. Otra limitación, es el tamaño de las zonas de entrenamiento, que exige áreas homogéneas de 1 Km2, condición difícil de cumplir en el AMM. En este trabajo la herramienta con clases estándar ha sido adaptada para la apropiada caracterización de las zonas climáticas en ciudades con abundante forestación urbana, cuya tipología es creciente en América Latina. Se concluye que, superadas las limitaciones de la herramienta, las zonas climáticas identificadas dentro del área de análisis muestran correlación con el paisaje de los distintos sectores de la ciudad y homogeneidad térmica intraclase.; The work applies the Local Climate Zones model in the Mendoza Metropolitan Area (AMM in Spanish), using the WUDAPT method and makes a critical analysis of its implementation feasibility based on the characteristics of the city. As a hypothesis, having a zoning of homologated urban structures according to their microclimatic condition is the first step to make the implementation of different urban heat island mitigation strategies effective on a city scale. The limitations of the WUDAPT method (World Urban Database Access Portal Tools) in the study area are linked to two factors: the definition of classes for zoning and the necessary homogeneity condition to determine training areas. The results show that the WUDAPT classification is structured in pure classes, with the impossibility of generating subclasses. The pure classes are defined according to the combination of a set of parameters that do not fully describe the condition of the urban profiles of the AMM in summer. In this season, the trees in rows act as a morphological structuring element. This implies the need to generate subclasses, affecting the relationship between Sky View Factor, road channel height/width ratio, Land Occupancy Factor, impermeable surface and average height. Another limitation is the size of the training areas, which require homogeneous areas of 1 km2, a difficult condition to fulfill in the AMM. In this work, the tool with standard classes has been adapted for the appropriate characterization of climatic zones in cities with abundant urban forestation, whose typology is growing in Latin America. It is concluded that once limitations of the tool are overcome, the climatic zones identified within the analysis area show correlation with the landscape in different sectors of the city and intra-class thermal homogeneity.

Coronavirus en Argentina: Polarización partidaria, encuadres mediáticos y temor al riesgo; COVID-19 in Argentina: Party polarization, media frames, and risk aversion Aruguete, Natalia; Calvo, Ernesto ¿Cuánto inciden las preferencias políticas en las percepciones de riesgo sanitario y laboral? ¿Cuál es el efecto de distintos encuadres comunicacionales en la transmisión de estos mensajes políticos? En este artículo procuramos atender a ambas inquietudes mediante un experimento de tuits apareados en el cual variamos aleatoriamente distintos elementos de encuadre relativos a la respuesta sanitaria a la COVID-19 (autor del tuit, mensaje político, imágenes, aceptación y apoyo hacia el contenido por parte de los usuarios), con el objeto de identificar y medir la propensión a compartir determinadas narrativas. Los resultados muestran dos tipos de efectos. Por un lado, que los mensajes negativos y polarizantes disminuyen la tasa de propagación por parte de los encuestados que son expuestos al tuit, al activar identidades partidarias. Por otro lado, que su interpretación del riesgo y, por ende, sus respuestas a las preguntas relativas a la Covid-19 se alinean con el posicionamiento y las decisiones de política pública que asumen los partidos políticos por los que votan. El objetivo ulterior es comprender en qué medida determinados encuadres mediáticos activan identidades partidarias y cómo lograr que otro tipo de narrativas logren mejorar las condiciones de éxito de las políticas públicas que buscan incrementar la tasa de distanciamiento social ante la crisis de la Covid-19.; What is the effect of political preferences on perceived health and job risks? What is the effect of different media frames in the delivery of political messages? In this article, we answer to both questions using a conjoint experiment that randomly rotates frame elements of the health response to COVID-19 (author, political message, images, acceptance, and user support), to identify the likelihood that messages will be shared. Results show two distinct effects. First, messages that are negative and polarizing reduce the rate of propagation among users exposed to the treatment, activating partisan identities. Second, we show that perceptions of risk, and the responses in regards to COVID-19, align with the party positions and the public policy expressed by the users’ parties. The end goal of this article is to understand how distinct media frames activate partisan identities and achieve narratives that improve on the success of the public policies that ensure social distancing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Biomedicina-Tecnología-Sociedad y COVID-19: miradas críticas, esperanzas y Educación en Salud Dumrauf, Ana Gabriela; Garelli, Fernando Miguel El 2020 será un año que seguramente se recordará como el año de la pandemia de COVID-19, como el año de la cuarentena. Un año en el que las cosas no fueron como esperábamos, en el que debimos globalmente adaptarnos a vivir en un contexto nuevo, modificando parte de nuestra experiencia vital social. Desde nuestro punto de vista ha sido también el año de mayor despliegue histórico del Modelo Médico Hegemónico (Menéndez, 2005) y en el que las relaciones entre biomedicina, tecnología y sociedad han estado en primera plana de los medios masivos de comunicación y afectando nuestras sociedades y cuerpos como nunca antes. Vivimos aislamientos y distanciamientos sociales, cuarentenas más o menos restrictivas, idas y vueltas, reacciones, teorías conspirativas, diferentes regulaciones de nuestros cuerpos y de las formas de relacionarnos realizadas a escala planetaria frente a la amenaza de una enfermedad altamente contagiosa y con significativos niveles de morbi-mortalidad para ciertos grupos con los denominados factores de riesgo. En este contexto, desde un grupo de trabajo en Educación en Ciencias Naturales, Ambiental y en Salud, cuya praxis se centra en la Educación Popular Latinoamericana, entre las innumerables inquietudes y preguntas que surgen, orientamos nuestras reflexiones escritas en torno a: ¿Cómo se configura y distribuye el saber-poder sobre la salud en la actualidad? ¿Es posible construir alternativas? ¿Qué desafíos se presentan para la Educación en Salud?

Cross-ecosystem impacts of non-native ungulates on wetland communities Motta, Luciana Maria; Barrios Garcia Moar, Maria Noelia; Ballari, Sebastián A.; Rodriguez Cabal, Mariano Alberto Herbivory by non-native species can create strong direct and indirect effects on plant and arthropods communities that can potentially cross ecosystem boundaries. Yet, the cross-ecosystems impacts of non-native species are poorly understood. We took advantage of ongoing invasions by non-native ungulates in Patagonia, Argentina, to examine their cross-ecosystem impacts on water parameters, littoral vegetation and aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in wetlands. We found a gradient of invasion by non-native ungulates from intact (non-invaded) to highly invaded wetlands. These highly invaded wetlands had ~ 24% less vegetation cover, which was 72% shorter in height than vegetation in intact wetlands. As a result, the abundance of predatory macroinvertebrates such as Odonata (dragonflies) was reduced by ~ 90%; while Diptera were ~ 170% more abundant, and Oligochaeta were recorded mostly at invaded sites. In contrast, we did not find evidence that non-native ungulates altered water parameters. Understanding the indirect consequences of invasive non-native species is crucial for quantifying the real impacts of global change. Our results show strong cross-ecosystem impacts of non-native ungulates on macroinvertebrate wetland communities, highlighting the importance of indirect interactions beyond ecosystem boundaries.