Precariedad, crisis y nuevas miradas sobre el Estado Condiciones de trabajo en el ámbito teatral platense antes y durante la pandemia; Precariedade, crise e novos olhares sobre o Estado Condições de trabalho no teatro de La Plata antes e durante a pandemia; Precariousness, crisis and new views about the State Labor conditions in La Plata theater before and during the pandemic del Mármol, Mariana; Díaz, Juliana En este artículo abordaremos el caso del teatro independiente de la ciudad de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) con el objetivo de describir y analizar cómo impactó la crisis producida a partir la pandemia del COVID 19 y la medida de Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio decretada por el gobierno nacional, en los procesos de identificación de los/as teatristas como trabajadores/as, su organización colectiva para enfrentar la situación de emergencia y sus relaciones de articulación y demanda respecto de los organismos del Estado dedicados a la promoción y protección de la cultura. El trabajo surge como parte de dos investigaciones paralelas y en diálogo que abordan problemas en torno al trabajo artístico en La Plata dentro de los últimos cinco años. Los datos que analizamos en este caso provienen del trabajo de campo realizado antes del ASPO; de observaciones y análisis documental realizadas en este último período, utilizando los dispositivos tecnológicos que tenemos a nuestro alcance y de una encuesta no probabilística impulsada por una organización de Profesores/as de Artes Escénicas Autogestivas recientemente creada en la ciudad, cuyo diseño, procesamiento y análisis de datos estuvo a cargo de una de las autoras de este artículo. Todo esto lo hemos puesto en diálogo con bibliografía afín a la temática laboral en general y como del trabajo artístico en particular.; Neste artigo abordaremos o caso do teatro independente da cidade de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) com o objetivo de descrever e analisar como a crise produzida a partir da pandemia COVID 19 e a medida de Isolamento Social Preventivo e Obrigatório (ASPO) decretada pelo governo nacional, impactou nos processos de identificação dos atores teatrais como trabalhadores, sua organização coletiva para o enfrentamento da situação de emergência e sua articulação e cobrança de relações com os órgãos do Estado voltados à promoção e proteção do cultura. A obra surge como parte de duas investigações paralelas e em diálogo que abordam problemas em torno do trabalho artístico em La Plata nos últimos cinco anos. Os dados que analisamos, neste caso, vêm do trabalho de campo realizado antes da ASPO; de observações e análises documentais realizadas neste último período, recorrendo aos dispositivos tecnológicos de que dispomos e de um inquérito não probabilístico promovido por uma organização de Professores de Artes Performativas Autogeridas recentemente criada na cidade, cujo desenho, processamento e análise os dados ficaram a cargo de um dos autores deste artigo. Colocamos tudo isso em diálogo com a bibliografia relacionada ao tema do trabalho em geral e do trabalho artístico em particular.; In this article, we will address the case of the independent theater in La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) to describe and analyze how the crisis produced by the COVID 19 pandemic and the Preventive and Obligatory Social Isolation (ASPO) national government decree, impacted on the processes of identifying theaters as workers, their collective organization to face the emergency and their relations of articulation and demand concerning the State agencies dedicated to the promotion and protection of culture. The work emerges as part of two parallel and dialogical investigations that address problems surrounding artistic work in La Plata within the last five years. The data that we analyze in this case comes from the fieldwork carried out before the ASPO; from observations and documentary analysis made in this last period, using the technological devices that we have at our disposal, and from a non-probabilistic survey promoted by an organization of Teachers of Self-Managed Performing Arts recently created in the city, whose design, processing and data analysis were in charge of one of the authors of this article. We have put all this into dialogue with the bibliography related to labor issues in general and artistic work in particular.

Usos y apropiaciones de TICs desde la subalternidad: El COVID19 y la gestión del IFE; Uses and appropriations of ICTs from subalternity: COVID19 and the management of the IFE Noscue Mera, Eliana En este artículo se consigna avances investigativos en torno a los usos y apropiaciones de TICs por parte de los habitantes del barrio periférico Villa Castells, La Plata, BsAs; en relación a las gestiones que tuvieron que adelantar para obtener 0el Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia (IFE) decretado por el Estado Nacional Argentino ante la contingencia del COVID-19 durante el primer semestre del 2020. Los antecedentes teóricos incorporados, devienen de hallazgos y continuidades propuestos en el marco de un recorrido posdoctoral, desde donde se reconocen diferentes niveles de exclusión de lo transmediático como un entramado sistemático entre lo tecnológico, político-económico y sociocultural histórico al interior de grupos sociales particulares. La “Alfabetización Transmediática Situada” (Noscué, 2019) es una composición conceptual como base para interpretar y analizar comunicacional y socio antropológicamente las experiencias de este grupo social y las diligencias digitales que debieron adelantar para obtener el IFE. Además, se incorporan otros conceptos como son Usos y Apropiaciones de Tics, Subalternidades Históricas y Desigualdades. El desarrollo metodológico priorizó las indagaciones desde un enfoque Etnográfico Digital adecuado al cumplimiento del Aislamiento Social Preventivo Obligatorio y (ASPO), es decir, que el acercamiento al proceso se logró a través de diferentes vías comunicacionales. Los hallazgos preliminares se ubican en torno a las desigualdades reconocidas en la problemática delimitada, las tácticas individuales y colectivas implementadas por los actores sociales participes en los procesos de gestión.; In this article, investigative advances are recorded on the uses and appropriations of ICTs by the inhabitants of the peripheral neighborhood Villa Castells, La Plata, BsAs; in relation to the steps they had to take to obtain the Emergency Family Income (IFE) decreed by the Argentine National State in the face of the contingency of COVID-19 during the first semester of 2020. The theoretical background incorporated comes from findings and proposed continuities within the framework of a postdoctoral journey, from which different levels of exclusion of the transmedia are recognized as a systematic framework between the technological, political-economic and historical socio-cultural within particular social groups. The “Situated Transmedia Literacy” (Noscué, 2019) is a conceptual composition as a basis for interpreting and analyzing communicationally and socio-anthropologically the experiences of this social group and the digital procedures that they had to carry out to obtain the IFE. In addition, other concepts such as ICT Uses and Appropriations, Historical Subalternities and Inequalities are incorporated. The methodological development prioritized the inquiries from a Digital Ethnographic approach appropriate to the fulfillment of Mandatory Preventive Social Isolation and (ASPO), that is, the approach to the process was achieved through different communication channels. The preliminary findings are located around the inequalities recognized in the defined problem, the individual and collective tactics implemented by the social actors participating in the management processes.

Molecular phylogenetics of Doraditos (Aves, Pseudocolopteryx ): Evolution of cryptic species, vocal and mechanical sounds Jordan, Emilio Ariel; Tello, José G.; Benitez Saldivar, Maria Juliana; Areta, Juan Ignacio While bird vocalizations (produced by the syrinx) have been the focus of countless studies, mechanical sounds (produced by external body structures) have received much less attention. In particular, the evolutionary interplay between these two modes of acoustic communication remains largely unstudied. Here, we present the first species-level molecular phylogeny of the doraditos (Pseudocolopteryx), reconstruct the evolutionary history of acoustic vocal and non-vocal characters, elucidate their relationship to feather modifications and aerial displays, and explore the influence of acoustics in the speciation of cryptic species. Our well-resolved phylogeny using four genes (ND2, COI, MB and ODC), recovered the monophyly of Pseudocolopteryx, resolving the relationships among its five species: ((((P. sclateri) P. acutipennis) P. dinelliana) P. citreola, P. flaviventris). Repetition and translocation of acoustic elements were commonplace in the evolution of Pseudocolopteryx. Songs were composed of introductory syllables and a final flourish. Bill-snapping sounds of P. sclateri were functionally homologous to introductory vocal syllables of the other species. The song of P. dinelliana evolved to high levels of complexity and repetition and is the syntactically most complex song in Pseudocolopteryx (and perhaps in the Tyrannidae). Aerial displays, mechanical wing sounds and modifications of primary feathers coevolved in three species: P. sclateri, P. acutipennis and P. dinelliana. Wing sounds documented for P. acutipennis and P. dinelliana differed markedly, and their production mechanisms might differ. The two cryptic and sibling species P. flaviventris and P. citreola diverged ∽60,000 Ya were not reciprocally monophyletic and are a case of extremely rapid evolutionary acoustic differentiation with morphological stasis.

Dinámica espacio-temporal de usos del suelo en sistemas ecológicos de la región pampeana austral, Argentina: Agriculturización en el Partido de Tandil; Space-Temporal Dynamics of Land Use in Ecological Systems in the Southern Pampean Region, Argentina: Agriculturization in Tandil Country; Dynamique spatio-temporaire de l'utilisation des terres dans les sistèmes écologiques de la region du sud de pampean, Argentine: Agriculturation dans le Parti Tandil Somoza, Ailin; Vazquez, Patricia Susana; Zulaica, Maria Laura; Sacido, Monica Benita El proceso de agriculturización, como caso particular y frecuente de cambio en el uso de la tierra, es uno de los propulsores del Cambio Global y causante de transformaciones ambientales. Los sistemas ecológicos de la Región Pampeana Austral han sufrido radicales cambios en sus usos del suelo cuyas externalidades no fueron consideradas. Surge como objetivo analizar los cambios en el uso del suelo en un Partido representativo de la región (Tandil) a fin de dar cuenta de la dinámica del proceso de agriculturización en los diferentes sistemas ecológicos que lo caracterizan. Se analizan las transformaciones acontecidas en 1989 - 2004 - 2019. Se obtuvieron imágenes satelitales corregidas radiométricamente, se realizaron clasificaciones supervisadas y relevamientos de campo. El proceso de agriculturización se confirma particularmente en el sistema ecológico de Llanura periserrana y recientemente en las Serranías y Planicie distal. Se enfatiza en la necesidad de generar propuestas de gestión ambiental tendientes al desarrollo de agroecosistemas sostenibles.; The agriculturization as particular process of change in the use of land is one of the drivers of the Global Change and consequently it causes environmental transformations. The ecological systems of the Southern Pampean Region have undergone radical changes in their land uses whose externalities were not considered. The aim is to analyze the changes in land use in a representative Country of the region (Tandil) in order to account for the dynamics of the agricultural process in the different ecological systems that characterize it. Were analyzed the transformations that took place in 1989 – 2004 - 2019 when the production patterns reflect the general trends of the region. Three satellite images were obtained and were radiometrically corrected. Then, supervised classifications were carried. The process of agriculturization is particularly confirmed in the ecological system of the Rolling Plain and recently in the Hills and Depressed Plain. It emphasizes the need to generate environmental management proposals aimed at the development of sustainable agroecosystems.; L'agriculturización en tant que processus particulier de changement dans l'utilisation des terres est l'un des moteurs du changement global et, par conséquent, provoque diverses transformations de l'environnement. Les systèmes écologiques de la région du sud de la Pampée ont subi des changements radicaux dans leurs utilisations des terres, dont les externalités n'ont pas été prises en compte. L'objectif est d'analyser les changements d'utilisation des terres dans un parti représentatif de la région (Tandil) afin de rendre compte de la dynamique du processus agricole dans les différents systèmes écologiques qui le caractérisent. Les transformations qui se sont produites en 1989 - 2004 - 2019 sont analysées. L'agriculturización est particulièrement confirmé dans le système écologique de la Plaine Periserrana et récemment dans les Serranías et Plaines Distales. Il souligne la nécessité de générer des propositions de gestion environnementale visant au développement d'agroécosystèmes durables.

Devulcanization of natural rubber industry waste in supercritical carbon dioxide combined with diphenyl disulfide Asaro, Lucía; Gratton, Michel; Poirot, Nathalie; Seghar, Said; Ait Hocine, Nourredine The elimination of rubber wastes without affecting the environment is one of the most important challenges of the 21st century waste management. Accordingly, the present work is focused on the recycling of natural rubber (NR) industry waste by means of devulcanization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) atmosphere. With that aim, a novel device allowing to perform rubber devulcanization was developed. It consists of a triaxial compression reactor integrated into a dynamic hydraulic universal testing machine with a heating chamber. NR industry waste was devulcanized in the mentioned device at different temperatures, in scCO2 by using diphenyl disulfide (DD) as devulcanizing reagent. The devulcanization degree and quality of the treated materials were evaluated by the swelling test combined with the Horikx theory. It was appeared that a successful devulcanization, with almost no degradation, was obtained, and the devulcanization degree reached maximum value of ~90%. Thermogravimetric tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images strengthened these results. Finally, it was concluded that the developed device is appropriate to perform rubber recycling, which contributes to the progress in the environmental protection.

Dielectric and ferroelectric properties evolution of (1−x)(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3)–xK0.5Na0.5NbO3 piezoceramics Prado Espinosa, Fabiola Andrea; Rubio Marcos, Fernando; Ramajo, Leandro Alfredo; Castro, Miriam Susana In this work, piezoceramics of (1-x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-x(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3, (1-x)BNT-xKNN, composition with x=0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06 and 0.07 were prepared by a mechanochemically activated solid-state method. The structural phase formation and microstructural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties were studied. Although changes, in symmetry of the perovskite structure, were not detected with the composition (that is, from a perspective of its intrinsic properties), the microstructural evolution was strongly dependent on the content of the KNN phase (that is, based on its extrinsic properties). Specifically, KNN favoured the formation of a microstructure with cubic grains, typical morphology of the alkaline niobate ceramics. After KNN addition, both the maximum permittivity temperature and the long-range to short-range ordered transition temperature were reduced. Additionally, ferroelectric loops and strain deformation curves also reflect the long-range to short-range order evolution with KNN addition and temperature.

Conduction mechanisms in epitaxial NiO/Graphene gas sensors Niavol, Somayeh Saadat; Budde, Melanie; Papadogianni, Alexandra; Heilmann, Martin; Moghaddam, Hossain Milani; Aldao, Celso Manuel; Ligorio, Giovanni; List-Kratochvil, Emil J.W.; Lopes, Joao Marcelo J.; Barsan, Nicolae; Bierwagen, Oliver; Schipani, Federico Integrated, highly sensitive and reversible sensor devices for toxic and hazardous gases in environmental pollution monitoring can be realized with graphene-based materials. Here we show that, single layer graphene grown on SiC can be utilized to implement sensor devices being extremely sensitive towards NO2 showing an n-type response. A second type of sensor with an added NiO layer on top of the single layer graphene changed its response to p-type but did not reduce its sensitivity. We show that the conduction switch from n-type to p-type was not a consequence of an alteration of the graphene layer but is found to be an effect of the NiO layer. We find that the NiO leads to lowering of the Fermi level to a point that a crossing of the Dirac Point in the graphene switched the conduction type. These sensors were tested in the 100 ppb NO2 regime, showing good response and a detection limit extrapolated to be below 1 ppb. This new NiO/graphene/SiC configuration can be an attractive p-type sub-ppb sensor platform for NO2 and related gases.

Cincuenta años de la primera ley de Tobler: revisión de sus aportes teóricos y prácticos a la ciencia geográfica Celemin, Juan Pablo En el año 2020 se cumplen cincuenta años de la enunciación de la Primera Ley en Geografía o la Primera Ley de Tobler que ha realizado importantes aportes tanto en los aspectos teóricos como prácticos de la disciplina geográfica. Su aparición ha generado amplios debates conceptuales en la Geografía que continúan hasta la actualidad. Es innegable la importancia de este principio en el desarrollo de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica y en la autocorrelación espacial. En este marco el presente trabajo resalta la importancia del tema a partir de una rigurosa revisión bibliográfica que rescata los dichos de los investigadores directamente involucrados en el tema, lo contextualiza temporal y conceptualmente y destaca su significancia en la discusión teórica de la Geografía y en su parte práctica, en particular con la autocorrelación espacial y en los SIG.

Spontaneous formation of unilamellar vesicles based on the surfactant 1-methylimidazolium bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, evaluated as a function of pH and in saline solution Andrada, Heber Eduardo; Silva, Oscar Fernando; Morales, Gustavo Marcelo; Correa, Nestor Mariano; Falcone, Ruben Dario In this work, we report the formation of unilamellar vesicles in water based on the protic ionic liquid-surfactant 1-methylimidazolium bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (imim-DEHP) explored under different experimental conditions (surfactant concentration, pH and ionic strength). Surface tension measurements were made depending on the surfactant concentration at different pHs and in saline solution. The size of the vesicles was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and images of the systems were obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our results showed that the surfactant self-assembled forming spontaneously vesicles at different pHs (from 2–8) and in saline solution. The vesicle formation, especially at pH ≥ 4, is independent of the imim-DEHP concentration and the ionic strength of the medium used, which demonstrates great stability in the systems formed. When the pH is lower than the pKa of the polar head group, the surfactant produces very large polydisperse aggregates, which is due to an agglomeration of smaller vesicles. Very interesting is that the dependence of the vesicle size with the pH value is reversible therefore, this system could be used as drug delivery under different conditions. In addition to this, imim-DEHP vesicles were coated with chitosan to improve biocompatibility and avoid possible effects of cytotoxicity of these systems. In summary, imim-DEHP is a promising surfactant to be used in biological applications, for example as a nanocarrier for the incorporation of bioactive compounds into living organisms.

Decrease in the occurrence of the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) in San Matías Gulf after a sudden episode of reoccupation; Disminución en la ocurrencia del lobo marino sudamericano Arctocephalus australis en el Golfo San Matías después de un episodio repentino de reocupación Bartés, Saia Nahir; Svendsen, Guillermo Martin; Romero, Maria Alejandra; González, Raúl Alberto The colonies of South American fur seals,Arctocephalus australis (SAFS), are currently experiencing population recovery, and as a consequence many coastal areas have been reoccupied. These areas are often haul-out sites used by SAFS for resting during the post-reproductive (winterly) season, andmay be playing a key role in the population recovery process since they seem to be located close to winter feeding areas that are far from the breeding colonies. This study reports on the trend in abundance of SAFS in a recently reoccupied winter area, the San Matías Gulf (SMG). The trend was evaluated with generalized linear models between 2007 and 2017 in two sectors of the SMG, Islote Lobos, the only rookery of this species in the area, and the northwest marine area of the gulf. Both sectors showed a negative trend. For Islote Lobos, the best selected models estimated a mean annual rate between -12.2% and -17.6%, and for the northwest area, between -19.02% and -29.9%. The population context suggests that most SAFS observed in 2007 may have been selecting other habitats over the following years; however, simultaneous censuses throughout their distribution range are needed in order to understand the redistribution and recolonization processes.; Las colonias del lobo marinode dos pelos sudamericano, Arctocephalus australis(SAFS), están experimentando una recuperación poblacional y como consecuencia muchas áreas costeras han sido reocupadas nuevamente. Muchas de estas áreas son apostaderos utilizados por los SAFS para descansar durante la temporada post-reproductiva (invernal). Las mismas pueden estar jugando un papel clave en el proceso de recuperación ya que estarían ubicadas cerca de áreas de alimentación invernales que se encuentran distantes de las colonias reproductivas. El presente estudio reporta la tendencia en la abundancia de SAFS en un área invernal recientemente ocupada, el Golfo San Matías (GSM). La tendencia se evaluó con modelos lineales generalizados entre los años 2007 y 2017 para dos sectores del golfo: el Islote Lobos, el único apostadero de esta especie, y el área marina del noroeste del golfo. Ambos sectores mostraron una tendencia negativa. Para el Islote Lobos, los modelosseleccionados estimaron una tasa promedio anual entre -12.2% y -17.6%, y para el área marina noroesteentre -19.02% y -29.9%. El contexto a nivel poblacional sugiere que la mayoría de los SAFS observados en 2007 pueden haber seleccionado otros hábitats durante los siguientes años. Sin embargo, para comprender los procesos de redistribución y recolonización se necesitan censos simultáneos en todo su rango de distribución.

Silencios y pandemia Lavagnino, Nicolas Jose; Lamberti, Matias; Grupo de Filosofía de la Biología ¿Qué dice un silencio? En la canción Necesito de Sui Generis, la flauta y el piano de las primeras estrofas dan lugar a la voz de un Nito Mestre que hasta el undécimo compás permanece en silencio, aunque no ausente. Un Charly García ansioso y aga- zapado aguarda su momento para ingresar en el compás diecinueve. En el tiempo que dura la canción, voces como las de Nito y Charly cantan y callan, alternándose con la de otros instrumentos. En la partitura se indican unos y otros; sonidos y silencios como cara y contracara de la expresión artística. Lo interesante de la obra musical es que ninguna voz o instrumento desaparece de la partitura al silenciarse, sino que simplemente permanece en potencia a la espera de otros compases. La presencia incontestable de los silencios en la música los convierte en elementos ineludibles a la hora de explicar, comprender y ejecutar la totalidad de cualquier pieza musical. Resulta que, sin embargo, por fuera de la música, los silencios pueden no ser una contribución positiva a la comprensión de un todo complejo. Sobre esto y a propósito de los tiempos extraños de pandemia que nos tocan vivir trata el presente texto colectivo. Como ya deja entrever esta breve introducción, el trabajo surge de la convicción de que la reflexión acerca de la actual crisis y su administración al igual que la ejecución de una pieza musical? depende también de los silencios involucrados.

Invasive ascidians: How predators reduce their dominance in artificial structures in cold temperate areas Giachetti, Clara Belen; Battini, Nicolás; Castro, Karen Lidia; Schwindt, Evangelina Artificial structures can provide suitable space for invasive species through a colonisable surface and refuge against predators. Besides several physical factors, invasive species can present different colonization success and dominance on structures that are connected to the sea floor (i.e. fixed) compared to structures that are suspended, depending on the differential predation pressure that affect both structures. Benthic and nektonic predators can reach fouling communities on fixed structures, while only nektonic predators can affect communities growing on suspended structures, depending on the distance to the sea floor. Only few studies tested both communities of predators at the same time in different artificial structures. In this study, we evaluated the effect of benthic and nektonic predators on the cover, composition and diversity on fouling communities and on the dominance of invasive ascidians on these communities, in two different types of artificial structures. We performed an experiment in the port area of Puerto Madryn (Southwestern Atlantic, Argentina) to compare the fouling community development between fixed and suspended structures and among different predator exclusion treatments. Results showed that benthic predators exerted a higher predation pressure than nektonic predators on the cover, composition and diversity of the fouling communities. In the absence of benthic predators, and even where nektonic predators were not excluded, communities were greatly dominated by two invasive ascidians, Ascidiella aspersa (Müller, 1776) and Ciona robusta Hoshino and Tokioka, 1967. Our results suggest that in this type of cold temperate ports, fouling organisms find refuge from benthic predators growing on suspended structures, where nektonic predators exert low predation pressure. We propose that, since benthic predators in temperate latitudes have an essential role decreasing invasive ascidians dominance and the cover of fouling communities, future studies should consider both predator communities, i.e. nektonic and benthic, in experimental designs performed to test biotic resistance and predation pressure.

Measurements and modeling of snow albedo at Alerce Glacier, Argentina: effects of volcanic ash, snow grain size and cloudiness Gelman Constantin, Julián; Ruiz, Lucas Ernesto; Villarosa, Gustavo; Outes, Ana Valeria; Bajano, Facundo N.; He, Cenlin; Bajano, Héctor; Dawidowski, Laura Elena The relevance of light absorbing impurities in snow albedo (and its effects in seasonal snow or glacier mass balance) have been under study for several decades. However, the effect of volcanic ash has been much less studied, and most articles studied only the effect of thick layers after direct deposition. There is also a knowledge gap in field measurements of seasonal snow and glaciers of the southern Andes, that only recently has started to be filled.We present here the first field measurements on Argentinian Andes, combined with albedo and mass balance modeling activities.Measured impurities content (1.1mgkg−1 to 30000 mgkg−1) varied abruptly in snow pits and snow/firn cores, due to high surface enrichment during ablation season and possibly local/regional wind driven resuspension and redeposition of dust and volcanic ash. In addition, we observed a high spatial hetereogeneity, due to seasonality, glacier topography and prevailing wind direction. Microscopical characterization showed that the major component was ash from recent Calbuco (2015) and Cordón Caulle (2011) volcanic eruption, with 10 minor presence of mineral dust and Black Carbon. We also found a wide range of measured snow albedo (0.26 to 0.81), whichreflected mainly the impurities content and the snow/firn grain size (due to aging). SNICAR model has been updated to model snow albedo taking into account the effect of cloudiness on incident radiation spectra, improving the match of modeled and measured values. We also ran sensitivity studies on the main measured parameters (impurities content and composition, snow grain size, layer thickness, etc) to assess which field measurements precision can improve the uncertainty of albedo modeling. Finally, we studied the impact of these albedo reductions in Alerce glacier using a spatially distributed surface mass-balance model. We found a large impact of albedo changes in glacier mass balance, and we estimated that the effect of observed ash concentrations can be as high as a 1.25mwe decrease in the glacier-wide annual mass balance (due to a 34 % of increase inthe melt during the ablation season).

Transformaciones en los modos de habitar Tilcara (Jujuy, Argentina): reflexiones antropológicas desde la pandemia; Transformations in the ways of dwelling in tilcara (Jujuy, Argentina): Anthropological reflections from the pandemic Carreras, Jesica Tamara; Petit de Murat, Facundo En este trabajo nos proponemos dar cuenta de algunas transformaciones ocurridas en la dinámica y la fisonomía de Tilcara (Jujuy, Argentina) durante la pandemia del COVID-19 y el aislamiento. En el texto, dialogamos con otros y otras habitantes del pueblo, a quienes hemos entrevistado para esta ocasión. Nos concentramos, así, en dejar un registro etnográfico sobre los cambios en los modos de habitar Tilcara en cuanto a ciertas problemáticas que se han evidenciado en este contexto, relacionadas con la movilidad, la economía, las prácticas culturales y el sector sanitario. Con este horizonte, presentamos, en primer lugar, algunas características de la Tilcara pre-pandémica, luego ofrecemos un contexto general de la provincia, para finalmente analizar las transformaciones producidas en Tilcara durante la pandemia.; In this article we present some of the transformations in the dynamics and physonomy of Tilcara (Jujuy, Argentina) during the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown. Throughout the text, we dialogue with other inhabitants of the town, whom we interviewed for the occasion. We focus on ethnographically recording the changes in the ways of dwelling in Tilcara in relation to certain problems that arose in this context, regarding mobility, economy, cultural practices and the health sector. With this outlook, in the text we present, firstly, some of the characteristics of pre-pandemic Tilcara, then we offer a general contextualization of the province, and finally we analyze the transformations produced in Tilcara during the pandemic.

A combined approach of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis as a potential tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in nasopharyngeal swabs Rocca, María Florencia; Zintgraff, Jonathan Cristian; Dattero, María Elena; Santos, Leonardo Silva; Ledesma, Martin Manuel; Vay, Carlos Alberto; Prieto, Mónica Raquel; Benedetti, Estefanía; Avaro, Martín; Russo, Mara Laura; Nachtigall, Fabiane Manke; Baumeister, Elsa Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The early, sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus is widely recognized as the critical point in responding to the ongoing outbreak. Currently, the diagnosis is based on molecular real time RT-PCR techniques, although their implementation is being threatened due to the extraordinary demand for supplies worldwide. That is why the development of alternative and / or complementary tests becomes so relevant. Here, we exploit the potential of mass spectrometry technology combined with machine learning algorithms, for the detection of COVID-19 positive and negative protein profiles directly from nasopharyngeal swabs samples. According to the preliminary results obtained, accuracy =67.66 %, sensitivity =61.76 %, specificity =71.72 %, and although these parameters still need to be improved to be used as a screening technique, mass spectrometry- based methods coupled with multivariate analysis showed that it is an interesting tool that deserves to be explored as a complementary diagnostic approach due to the low cost and fast performance. However, further steps, such as the analysis of a large number of samples, should be taken in consideration to determine the applicability of the method developed.

Immediate and transgenerational effects of thymol supplementation, inactivated Salmonella and chronic heat stress on representative immune variables of Japanese quail Videla, Emiliano Ariel; Giayetto, Octavio; Fernández, María Emilia; Chacana, Pablo Anibal; Marin, Raul Hector; Nazar, Franco Nicolas Environmental challenges are integrated in the inmunoneuroendocrine interplay, impacting the immune system of the challenged individuals, and potentially implying transgenerational effects on their offspring. This study addressed whether dietary supplementation with thymol can modulate the immune response of adult Japanese quail when simultaneously exposed to an inoculum of inactivated Salmonella Enteritidis and a chronic heat stress (CHS). We also evaluated whether the experienced situations by adults can affect the immune response of their undisturbed offspring. In the parental generation, supplemented quail exposed to CHS had a higher inflammatory response and similar values of the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio than those that were not supplemented. In their offspring, those chicks whose parents were exposed to CHS showed higher inflammatory response and lower antibody production. Regarding the H/L ratio, chicks whose parents were supplemented showed lower H/L ratio values. Dietary supplementation with thymol partially and positively modulated the inflammatory response and avoided H/L ratio alteration in the parental generation exposed to high environmental temperatures, suggesting these adults were better at dealing with the challenge. The lower H/L ratio values in the offspring suggests that chicks are more capable to deal with potential stressful situations associated with conventional breeding conditions.

Meteorological variables associated with the temporal oviposition rate of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Resistencia city, Chaco province, Northeastern Argentina Gimenez, Javier Orlando; Alvarez, Carla Noel; Almiron, Walter Ricardo; Stein, Marina Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue virus in South America. In the last fifteen years, Argentina has suffered three large dengue outbreaks: one in 2009, another one in 2016 and the current 2020 outbreak, with 26,000, 66,000 and more than 43,000 confirmed cases, respectively. These outbreaks are associated with the circulation of the virus in neighboring countries due to the constant movement of people across the frontier. In 2009, the main province affected was Chaco province, with 11,037 confirmed cases (50% of total cases). Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the temporal oviposition rate of Aedes aegypti in Resistencia, the capital city of this province, in relation to meteorological variables. Mosquitoes were sampled weekly, from April 2015 to March 2017, using ovitraps located in houses randomly selected within the urban area. Oviposition rate was evaluated by means of the total number of eggs collected per week and the proportion of positive ovitraps per week. The coefficient of variation for these two indicators was estimated for the whole study period and then compared using the Wilcoxon Pair test. A generalized linear model (GLM) was performed to infer association between meteorological variables and oviposition rate without time lag and with a time lag of 1 to 4 weeks, considering the biology of this mosquito species. Comparisons between the coefficient of variation of egg number versus the proportion of positive ovitraps showed significant differences, being the former more variable than the latter. The most significant time lag was 2 weeks for the minimum temperature. The number of Ae. aegypti eggs increased 4.05 times when the minimum temperature increased 1°C two weeks before, and decreased 0.69 times with an increase of 1 unit in relative humidity. No eggs were collected when the temperature was below 8°C. The oviposition rate was associated with the increase in the critical minimum temperature (over 8°C) and the weekly frequency of precipitation and dissociated with relative humidity. The maximum oviposition rate was recorded between November and January of both years. The GLM could not explain the relation between meteorological variables and the proportion of positive ovitraps. The peaks of Ae. aegypti egg abundance occurred simultaneously with dengue autochthonous cases recorded in Chaco province, resulting in a good indicative of the period of greatest epidemiological risk.

Gastropods as intermediate hosts of angiostrongylus spp: In the americas. Bioecological characteristics and geographical distribution Valente, Romina; Robles, Maria del Rosario; Diaz, Julia Inés BACKGROUND Intermediate hosts are key organisms in maintaining parasite life cycles, because they can act as amplifiers in the transmission from natural reservoirs to humans. One of the most important groups of intermediate hosts for zoonotic nematode infections are gastropods,slugs and snails. These are essential organisms in the larval development of Angiostrongylus species. OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper is to review reports of Angiostrongylus spp. in naturally infected gastropods from the Americas, taking into account the diagnostic methods used in their identification, to be able to provide more accurate list of their intermediate hosts. We also discuss the factors that aid the dispersion of Angiostrongylus spp. in the Americas. METHODS This study reviews scientific publications and book sections on Angiostrongylus spp. in the Americas, including original works assessing larvae of Angiostrongylus in intermediate hosts. The eligible reports were classified accordingly to their geographical location, year of first record, and the larvae identification methodologies used. Digital repositories were used for the search. The bioecological characteristics of the main intermediate hosts are summarised. FINDINGS A total of 29 gastropod species that are naturally infected with Angiostrongylus spp. have been reported as intermediate hosts, 16 of which are land snails, two are freshwater snails, and 11 land slugs. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of integrative studies, analysing both the etiological agent and its transmission dynamic in the environment, the biological and ecological characteristics of the hosts, and the impact on host populations. It is necessary to increase interdisciplinary studies to determine the potential epidemiological health risk of angiostrongyliasis in the Americas, and thus be able to establish prevention, monitoring and contingency strategies in the region.

Diurnal variation of heart rate variability as a physiological index of mood and emotion regulation processes in Major Depression and Borderline Personality Disorder Wainsztein, Agustina Edith; Abulafia, Carolina Andrea; Goldberg, Ximena; Camacho Téllez, Vicente; Vulcano, Mercedes; Vigo, Daniel Eduardo; Menchón, José M.; Soriano Mas, Carles; Nemeroff, Charles B.; Guinjoan, Salvador Martín; Castro, Mariana Nair Background: Heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic nervous system activity, has been studied in a number of psychiatric disorders during the resting state but evidence on its circadian patterns in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is scarce. We sought to identify and differentiate HRV circadian patterns in MDD, BPD and healthy controls (HC) while exploring potential physiological mechanisms associated with mood and emotion dysregulation. Methods: 24-Hour electrocardiographic recordings were obtained from fifty subjects (16 HC, 18 BPD, 16 MDD). HRV was calculated during sleep and wake periods. Associations with mood and affect measures, and with cognitive emotion regulation strategies and self-reported difficulties in emotion regulation (DERS) were examined. Participant’s resilience traits were explored in relation to mood and emotion regulation variables. Results: Lower diurnal measures of HRV (i.e, RMSSD and HF) were observed in MDD subjects compared to HCs. Decreased HF was observed during wake vs. sleep in MDD patients. HAM-D and negative affect scores negatively correlated with HRV in MDD and BPD respectively. MDD and BPD exhibited a positive relationship between the implementation of emotion regulation strategies and HRV compared to HC. Increased resilience was associated with lower HAM-D and DERS scores in BPD and HC. Conclusion: HRV alterations characterized by low diurnal cardiac parasympathetic control constitute a potential trait biomarker of major depression and psychiatric vulnerability to depressive episodes in BPD. HRV anomalies in MDD may persist during clinical remission. Diurnal HRV may represent a psychophysiological index of mood and emotion regulation

Otro estilo científico y tecnológico es posible; Another scientific and technological style is possible; Outro estilo científico e tecnológico é possível Red de Pensamiento Latinoamericano en Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad; Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando En junio de 2020 fue creada la Red de Pensamiento Latinoamericano en Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad (Red PLACTS). Conformada por integrantes del sector científico, tecnológico y universitario, impulsa una agenda que ponga el conocimiento, los recursos y el complejo CyT en proyectos destinados a resolver necesidades y problemas de nuestra sociedad. Se propone participar e incidir en las decisiones que se toman en la gestión de los organismos de CyT, contribuyendo con propuestas e ideas que apor-ten a construir un proyecto de país popular, igualitario, democrático, soberano, solidario, con perspectiva feminista y desde una mirada federal. Rescata y recupera en proyectos y acciones concretas los aportes de lo que fue históricamente el PLACTED (Pensamiento Latinoamericano en Ciencia, Tecnología, Desarrollo y Dependencia). En este primer docu-mento se describen las características principales de la dinámica tecnocientífica domi-nante a nivel global y se presentan algunas propuestas para impulsar un estilo científico tecnológico propio en nuestro país y la región.; In June 2020, the Latin American Thought Network in Science, Technology and Society (PLACTS Network) was created. Made up of members of the scientific, technological and university sectors, it promotes an agenda that puts knowledge, resources and the S&T complex in projects aimed at solving the needs and problems of our society. It is proposed to participate and influence the decisions made in the management of S&T organizations, contributing with proposals and ideas that contribute to building a project of a popular, egalitarian, democratic, sovereign, supportive country, with a feminist perspective and from a perspective federal. It rescues and recovers in projects and concrete actions the contributions of what was historically PLACTED (Latin American Thought in Science, Technology, Development and Dependency). This first document describes the main characteristics of the dominant techno-scientific dynamics at a global level and presents some proposals to promote a technological scientific style of its own in our country and the region; Em junho de 2020, foi criada a Rede Latino-americana do Pensamento em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (Rede PLACTS). Composto por membros dos setores científico, tecnológico e universitário, promove uma agenda que coloca o conhecimento, os recursos e o complexo da C&T em projetos que visam a resolução das necessidades e dos problemas da nossa sociedade. Propõe-se participar e influenciar as decisões tomadas na gestão das organizações de C&T, contribuindo com propostas e ideias que contribuam para a construção de um projeto de país popular, igualitário, democrático, soberano, solidário, com uma perspectiva feminista e sob uma perspectiva Federal. Resgata e resgata em projetos e ações concretas as contribuições do que foi historicamente PLACTED (Pensamento Latino-Americano em Ciência, Tecnologia, Desenvolvimento e Dependência). Neste primeiro documento são descritas as principais características da dinâmica técnico-científica dominante a nível global e apresentadas algumas propostas para promover um estilo científico tecnológico próprio no nosso país e na região.