Emotional stress induces structural plasticity in Bergmann glial cells via an AC5–CPEB3–GluA1 pathway Bender, Crhistian Luis; Sun, Xingxing; Farooq, Muhammad; Yang, Qian; Davison, Caroline; Maroteaux, Matthieu; Huang, Yi Shuian; Ishikawa, Yoshihiro; Liu, Siqiong June Stress alters brain function by modifying the structure and function of neurons and astrocytes. The fine processes of astrocytes are critical for the clearance of neurotransmitters during synaptic transmission. Thus, experience-dependent remodeling of glial processes is anticipated to alter the output of neural circuits. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie glial structural plasticity are not known. Here we show that a single exposure of male and female mice to an acute stress produced a long-lasting retraction of the lateral processes of cerebellar Bergmann glial cells. These cells express the GluA1 subunit of AMPA-type glutamate receptors, and GluA1 knockdown is known to shorten the length of glial processes. We found that stress reduced the level of GluA1 protein and AMPA receptor-mediated currents in Bergmann glial cells, and these effects were absent in mice devoid of CPEB3, a protein that binds to GluA1 mRNA and regulates GluA1 protein synthesis. Administration of a b-adrenergic receptor blocker attenuated the reduction in GluA1, and deletion of adenylate cyclase 5 prevented GluA1 suppression. Therefore, stress suppresses GluA1 protein synthesis via an adrenergic/adenylyl cyclase/CPEB3 pathway, and reduces the length of astrocyte lateral processes. Our results identify a novel mechanism for GluA1 subunit plasticity in non-neuronal cells and suggest a previously unappreciated role for AMPA receptors in stress-induced astrocytic remodeling.

De “culpables” a “víctimas”: expansión y profesionalización del sistema de salud en la provincia Mendoza a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX; From “culprits” to “victims:” the expansion and professionalization of the healthcare system in the province of Mendoza in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Luis, Natalia Mabel; Aguerregaray Castiglione, Rosana Ignacia Entre fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, la provincia de Mendoza presentabaun estado sanitario marcado por el crecimiento demográfico y urbanístico, laescasez de los servicios públicos y la destrucción de la antigua ciudad colonial comoconsecuencia del terremoto de 1861, lo que propiciaba un ambiente favorable para eldesarrollo de diversas enfermedades infectocontagiosas. El objetivo de este artículo esindagar cómo se fue profesionalizando y expandiendo el sistema de salud en la provinciade Mendoza a fines del siglo XIX e inicios del XX, y cómo esos factores, junto conlas representaciones sobre la enfermedad que predominaban en el discurso de la elitegobernante, incidieron en las políticas públicas para combatir las dolencias de la época.Para ello se consultaron diversos documentos escritos y fotográficos que permitieronanalizar las modificaciones del discurso y las políticas públicas implementadas.; From the late 19th century to the beginning of the 20th, the province of Mendoza presented problematic sanitary conditions due to rapid demographic and urban growth, the scarcity of public services, and the poor state of the old colonial city (destroyed by the 1861 earthquake), which facilitated the spread of various infectious diseases. The objective of this article is to inquire into the ways in which the healthcare system in the province of Mendoza both expanded and became increasingly professionalized from the late 19th to early 20th century. We explore how these factors, along with the predominant social representations of disease that permeated the discourses of governing elites, influenced public policy aimed at combating the diseases of the time. To that end, we consulted a wide range of written documents and photographic material that allowed us to analyze changes in discourse as well as public policy

El sistema universitario argentino: una lectura de sus transformaciones en el largo plazo 1983-2015; The Argentine university system: a long-term reading transformations (1983-2015) Buchbinder, Pablo Gabriel El objetivo del artículo es estudiar las transformaciones del sistemauniversitario argentino entre 1983 y 2015. Se analiza el crecimientodel número de estudiantes, la creación de nuevas instituciones y suefecto en la tasa de graduación. Se estudia además el papel de los factores institucionales y políticas para explicar la evolución y dinámicadel sistema; The objective of the article is to study the transformations of the Argentine university system between 1983 and 2015. The growth of the number of students, the creation of new institutions and their effect on the graduation rate is analyzed. The role of institutional and political factors to explain the evolution and dynamics of the system is also studied.

Violencia y autoridad en la escuela secundaria ¿Jóvenes "violentos" o adultos ausentes? Patierno, Nicolas El presente artículo es resultado de una investigación doctoral desarrollada entre los años 2011 y 2018, enfocada al estudio de lo que popular —y peligrosamente— se conoce como “violencia escolar”. La hipótesis que orienta este escrito supone que las expresiones juveniles que muchos educadores consideran “violentas” no son arrebatos cuyas causas puedan atribuirse únicamente a un individuo, sino que, en general, son manifestaciones (con un fuerte contenido “físico”), consecuencia de la autorregulación juvenil que sucede a la indiferencia de los adultos. El desarrollo de esta conjetura se sustenta sobre dos fuentes de información: una serie de entrevistas realizadas a docentes y alumnos de escuelas secundarias, y una minuciosa revisión de bibliografía especializada. Las conclusiones reivindican el lugar de la educación secundaria en el proceso de renuncia a la violencia, es decir, en la construcción de lazos sociales, el reconocimiento de un orden simbólico y el uso responsable del cuerpo.; This article is the result of a doctoral research project conducted between the years 2011 and 2018, focused on the stud of what is commonly-and dangerously-referred to as "school violence. " The hypothesis which orients this paper assumes that the youthful expressions which many educators consider "violent" are not isolated outbursts whose causes can be imputed to a single individual, but, in general, are manifestations (with a substantial "physical" component) produced by youths' self-regulation in response to the indifference of adults. Our proof of this hypothesis is based on two sources of information: a series of interviews with teachers and students at junior high schools and an exhaustive review of the specialized literature. The conclusions confirm the place of secondary education in the process of renouncing violence, in other words in the formation of social bonds, recognition of a symbolic order, and responsible use of the body.

Particularidades en el comportamiento del mercado de trabajo de Santiago del Estero. 1994-2007; Particularities of conducts in the labor market of Santiago del Estero 1994-2007 Gurmendi, Maria Noelia; Salvatierra, Rita Gabriela La provincia de Santiago del Estero constituye, dentro del país, una región conun peso marginal en la economía nacional (0,8% del PBi). se caracteriza por un secular rezago productivo, con una estructura en la producción con escasa participación industrial, lo que se traduce en un débil mercado de trabajo y en undeterioro social que afecta a un porcentaje importante de la población. en esta investigación se analiza el mercado de trabajo de los sectores productores de bienesy de servicios, los cuales exhiben particularidades y relaciones que ameritan unaexplicación científica. nuestro propósito reposa en develar los vínculos que estosmismos establecen, utilizando el PBG(Producto Bruto Geográfico) para Santiagodel Estero como indicador macroeconómico principal para explicar la lógica y dinámica con las que se movilizan los recursos entre los sectores a la luz de la teoría; he province of santiago del estero constitutes a region with a marginal weight in the national economy (0.8% of the country's Gdp) within the country. it is cha- racterized by a centuries-old productive lag, with a structure in production that has little industrial participation, which translates into a weak labor market and a social deterioration that affects a significant percentage of the population. this re- search analyzes the labor market of the sectors that produce goods and services, which exhibit particularities and relations that merit a scientific explanation. our purpose lies in disclosing the links that they establish, using the pBG (Gross Geo- graphic product) for santiago del estero as the main macroeconomic indicator, ex- plaining the logic and dynamics with which resources are mobilized between the sectors in the light of the theory.

Long-term management is needed for conserving plant diversity in a Wadden Sea salt marsh Chen, Qingqing; Bakker, Jan P.; Alberti, Juan; Smit, Christian Evaluation of long-term management regimes is important for guiding biodiversity conservation in salt marshes. However, such long-term experiments are sparse. Using a 46-year experiment in a salt marsh, we evaluated long-term effects of eight different management regimes (treatments; control, grazing, mowing, and their combinations) on the expansion of a late successional plant species (Elytrigia atherica), plant species richness and diversity, and community composition (species identities and dominance structure). Results show that E. atherica expanded strongly over time in the control treatment (without grazing or mowing) while plant species richness and diversity declined substantially. By contrast, E. atherica was greatly suppressed while plant species richness and diversity remained relatively unchanged in all other treatments except for the mowing, where species richness declined in the late season mowing treatment and plant diversity declined after 17 years in the both early and late season mowing treatment. Therefore, all management types except for the mowing were effective in conserving plant diversity. The trends for change in species identities reversed: change in species identities accumulated in the control treatment and exceeded that of other treatments 15 years after the start of the experiment. This suggests that results based on shorter-term (< 15 years) experiments may provide misleading conservation recommendations. Also, trends for change in dominance structure (taking abundance into account) were substantially different from those for species identities. Our results highlight the importance of long-term monitoring for guiding conservation management, and that monitoring should not only focus on the number of species but also community composition, to fully identify critical changes.

Cytochrome 450 metabolites of arachidonic acid (20-HETE, 11,12-EET and 14,15-EET) promote pheochromocytoma cell growth and tumor associated angiogenesis Cecilia, Colombero; Cárdenas, Sofía; Venara, Marcela Cristina; Martin, Ayelen; Pennisi, Patricia Alejandra; Barontini, Marta Beatriz; Nowicki, Susana The importance of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-derived arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) as tumor growth promotors has already been described in several cancer types. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of these compounds in the biology of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. These tumors originate from chromaffin cells derived from adrenal medulla (pheochromocytomas) or extra-adrenal autonomic paraganglia (paragangliomas), and they represent the most common hereditary endocrine neoplasia. According to mutations in the driver genes, these tumors are divided in two clusters: pseudo-hypoxic and kinase-signaling EETs, but not 20-HETE, exhibited a potent ability to sustain growth in a murine pheochromocytoma cell line (MPC) in vitro, EETs promoted an increase in cell proliferation and a decrease in cell apoptosis. In a mouse model of pheochromocytoma, the inhibition of CYP-mediated AA metabolism using 1-aminobenzotriazol resulted in slower tumor growth, a decreased vascularization, and a lower final volume. Also, the expression of AA-metabolizing CYP monooxygenases was detected in tumor samples from human origin, being their apparent abundance and the production of both metabolites higher in tumors from the kinase-signaling cluster. This is the first evidence of the importance of CYP- derived AA metabolites in the biology and development of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma tumors.

Comparative skin penetration profiles of formulations including ultradeformable liposomes as potential nanocosmeceutical carriers Izquierdo, María Cecilia; Lillo, Rolando Cristian Rodrigo; Bucci, Paula Lorena; Gomez, Gisela Eliane; Martínez, Luis; Alonso, Silvia del Valle; Calienni, Maria Natalia; Martinetti Montanari, Jorge Anibal Background: Ultradeformable liposomes are promising carriers for cosmeceutical actives as they can be loaded with molecules of different polarities, and they present unique penetration properties. Aims: While those features have already been tested, we wanted to know whether their special penetration properties could be maintained after incorporation in diverse cosmetic vehicles, including commercial products already in the market. Methods: Ultradeformable liposomes loaded with a lipophilic and a hydrophilic fluorescent probe were prepared by lipid film resuspension, followed by extrusion and incorporation to different vehicles and commercial products. Penetration was determined in human and pig skin by incubation, with the Saarbrücken penetration model, followed by the recovery of the probes or by fluorescence microscopy. Results: The incorporation of ultradeformable liposomes to cosmetic vehicles did not alter their penetration in most of the cases for human skin explants. Pig skin penetration presented significant differences compared with human explants. Conclusions: Ultradeformable liposomes could be useful as versatile cosmeceutical carriers in final product formulations.

Para la olla durante la pandemia: Economía popular y cuidados colectivos Fernandez Alvarez, Maria Ines; Pacífico, Florencia Daniela; Señoras, Dolores; Rognoli, Martín Cuatro millones de personas que forman parte la economía popular enfrentan un problema: si pierden la calle, no pueden trabajar; si no trabajan, no comen. La pandemia no solo ataca la salud pública, también refuerza desigualdades históricas y torna aún más precaria la vida en los barrios. Aunque las organizaciones conocen cómo es afrontar una crisis: lo hicieron en 1989, en 2001 y durante los cuatro años de Cambiemos. María Inés Fernández Álvarez, Florencia Pacífico y Dolores Señorans destacan que el Estado es vital para contrarrestar los efectos recesivos del aislamiento y dicen que hoy el desafío es fortalecer las redes de cuidado colectivo y generar formas de solidaridad aún en la distancia.

Neurochemical characterization of brainstem pro-opiomelanocortin cells Georgescu, Teodora; Lyons, David; Doslikova, Barbora; García, Ana Paula; Marston, Oliver; Burke, Luke K.; Chianese, Raffaella; Lam, Brian Y.H.; Yeo, Giles S.H.; Rochford, Justin J.; Garfield, Alastair S.; Heisler, Lora K. Genetic research has revealed pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) to be a fundamental regulator of energy balance and body weight in mammals. Within the brain, POMC is primarily expressed in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), while a smaller population exists in the brainstem nucleus of the solitary tract (POMCNTS). We performed a neurochemical characterization of this understudied population of POMC cells using transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of a POMC promoter/enhancer (PomceGFP). Expression of endogenous Pomc mRNA in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) PomceGFP cells was confirmed using fluorescence-activating cell sorting (FACS) followed by quantitative PCR. In situ hybridization histochemistry of endogenous Pomc mRNA and immunohistochemical analysis of eGFP revealed that POMC is primarily localized within the caudal NTS. Neurochemical analysis indicated that POMCNTS is not co-expressed with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nesfatin, nitric oxide synthase 1 (nNOS), seipin, or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) cells, whereas 100% of POMCNTS is co-expressed with transcription factor paired-like homeobox2b (Phox2b). We observed that 20% of POMCNTS cells express receptors for adipocyte hormone leptin (LepRbs) using a PomceGFP:LepRbCre:tdTOM double-reporter line. Elevations in endogenous or exogenous leptin levels increased the in vivo activity (c-FOS) of a small subset of POMCNTS cells. Using ex vivo slice electrophysiology, we observed that this effect of leptin on POMCNTS cell activity is postsynaptic. These findings reveal that a subset of POMCNTS cells are responsive to both changes in energy status and the adipocyte hormone leptin, findings of relevance to the neurobiology of obesity.

Archivo y canon: Estrategias de visibilidad letrada en América Latina; Archive and canon: Visibility lettered strategies in Latin America Maiz, Claudio Gustavo Nos ocupamos en este texto de un ensayo-novela del escritor portorriqueño, Eduardo Lalo, titulada Los países invisibles. Para poder realizar una lectura de la pluralidad de sentidos de esta obra, hemos recurrido a un uso metafórico del concepto archivo. A fin de alcanzar ese nivel metafórico hasido necesario realizar un recorrido por otros modos de concebir el archivo y las diversas funciones que ha tenido en distintos espacios. Nos ocupamos de un conjunto compuesto por el ver, saber y poder que afecta la cultura de países excéntricos. La visibilidad o invisibilidad no es una sencilla cuestión física sino que se involucra de manera intensa con la tríada señalada. Lalo intenta oponer a la creciente invisibilidad de países ?menores? un punto de fuga que haga de la excentricidad geográfica una ventajamediante la configuración de un nuevo lugar de la escritura, esto es, el intersticio que el occidente deja como consecuencia de su ceguera para todo aquello que no le es canónicamente propio.; In this text we deal with an essay-novel by the Puerto Rican writer, Eduardo Lalo, entitled The Invisible Countries. In order to read the plurality of meanings of this work, we have resorted to a metaphorical use of the archive concept. In order to reach that metaphorical level it has been necessary to take a tour of other ways of conceiving the archive and the various functions that have had in different spaces. We deal with a set consisting of seeing, knowing and power that affects the culture of eccentric countries. Visibility or invisibility is not a simple physical issue that gets intensely involved with the indicated triad. Lalo tries to oppose the increasing invisibility of the "minor" countries a vanishing point that makes geographical eccentricity an advantage by configuring a new place of writing, that is, the interstitium that

Informe sobre la cuarentena en los barrios populares Hudson, Juan Pablo; Santucho, Mario El dossier reúne informes provenientes de 14 provincias argentinas, fue realizado durante el último día de marzo, y se enfoca en dos preguntas principales: ¿Se está cumpliendo el aislamiento social obligatorio en los barriadas pobres? ¿Estamos ante una deriva autoritaria especialmente contra los sectores populares? No podemos ofrecer respuestas terminantes, pero los indicios recolectados contradicen al sentido común y nuestras intuiciones de partida. Entre tanto, acaba de confirmarse el primer caso positivo de coronavirus en una villa de emergencia de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Un mapa para ingresar a la segunda etapa de la cuarentena.

Transference of multiple resistance to peanut through the development of cross-compatible complex hybrids of wild arachis Pereira Fávero, Alessandra; Custodio, Adriana Regina; Barbosa Dinato, Naiana; de Godoy, Ignácio José; Seijo, José Guillermo; Doniseti Michelotto, Marcos Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a tetraploid species with an A and B genome, while the majority of wild Arachis species are diploid with distinct genomes. In pre-breeding programs, one way to introgress interesting wild genes into peanut is by producing amphidiploids. This study aimed at the hybridization between distinct amphidiploids and their characterization, to combine high crossability with peanut, observed in some amphidiploids, with high pest and disease resistances observed in others. These new hybrids were called complex hybrids. Four amphidiploids previ-ously obtained were crossed at four different combinations, and the derived complex hybrids were crossed with four peanut cultivars. Morphological, reproductive, chromosome complement, molecular markers for hybrid identifica-tion, phytopatological, and entomological characterizations were performed on the complex hybrids. All cross combinations resulted in complex hybrids. One complete complement of each diploid progenitor was confirmed in each hybrid. Plants of six distinct hybrid combinations were obtained between the complex hybrids and peanut. Based on morphological characterization, differences among progenies from distinct cross combinations were observed. Complex hybrids were considered more resistant to all diseases and pests than peanut cultivars. The simultaneous introgression of genes from four wild Arachis species into peanut was possible through the development of complex hybrids.

Effects of sewage effluent on the subtidal macrobenthic assemblage in an urban estuary of Argentina; Efecto de los efluentes cloacales sobre el ensamble macrobentónico submareal en un estuario urbano de la Argentina Fiori, Sandra Marcela; Bravo, María Emilia; Elias, Rodolfo; Serra, Analia Veronica; Carcedo, Maria Cecilia; Dos Santos, Eder Paulo; Botté, Sandra Elizabeth Se analizó el efecto de los efluentes cloacales sin tratamiento sobre el ensamble macrobentónico submareal del estuario de Bahía Blanca. Se examinaron las variaciones espaciales en los descriptores biológicos en relación con los parámetros ambientales y la distribución de metales en los sedimentos de un canal afectado por efluentes urbanos. A lo largo del canal se registraron valores de concentración de metales mayores a los de la zona interna del estuario (sitio de referencia). Los valores más altos de turbidez del agua se registraron en el sitio próximo a la zona de descarga del efluente y en la zona media del canal, donde, además, se depositaron sedimentos de un dragado de la zona portuaria e industrial realizado dos años antes que este estudio. La densidad del ensamble disminuyó hacia la zona cercana a la descarga del efluente, mientras que la riqueza y la diversidad alcanzaron valores mínimos tanto en la zona de descarga como la zona media. Sólo dos especies de poliquetos se asociaron con estas áreas: Laeonereis acuta y Aphelochaeta sp.; el primero se encontró en la zona de descarga de efluentes, donde Cd y Pb fueron los metales más abundantes, y el segundo fue la especie dominante en el sitio caracterizado por la presencia de material de dragado y altas concentraciones de Cr y Ni. Este estudio proporciona datos de base con los cuales contrastar futuras medidas de manejo.; We examined spatial variations in the biological descriptors of macrobenthic assemblage in relation to environmental parameters and metal distribution in the sediments along a channel of Bahía Blanca estuary affected by non-treatment sewage effluents. Along the channel, metal concentration values were higher than those in the internal estuary area, a sector considered as a reference site. The highest values of water turbidity and metal content in sediments were observed in the effluent discharge zone and at the site where sediments from dredging activities were deposited two years ago. The density of macrobenthic assemblages decreased towards the effluent discharge zone, but the richness and diversity reached to minimum values in both disturbed areas. Only two species of polychaetes were associated with these areas: Laeonereis acuta and Aphelochaeta sp.; the former being found in the effluent discharge zone, where Cd and Pb were most abundant, and the latter being the dominant species in the site characterized by dredging material and high concentrations of Cr and Ni. This study is the first approach to explore the impact of anthropogenic activities over the macrobenthic assemblage of the Bahía Blanca estuary, providing background data to use future management decisions.

Working with indigenous, local and scientific knowledge in assessments of nature and nature's linkages with people Hill, Rosemary; Adem, Çiğdem; Alangui, Wilfred V.; Molnár, Zsolt; Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Yildiz; Bridgewater, Peter; Tengö, Maria; Thaman, Randy; Adou Yao, Constant Y.; Berkes, Fikret; Carino, Joji; Carneiro da Cunha, Manuela; Diaw, Mariteuw C.; Díaz, Sandra Myrna; Figueroa, Viviana Elsa; Fisher, Judy; Hardison, Preston; Ichikawa, Kaoru; Kariuki, Peris; Karki, Madhav; Lyver, Phil O. B.; Malmer, Pernilla; Oteng Yeboah, Alfred A.; Pacheco, Diego Alejandro; Pataridze, Tamar; Perez, Edgar; Roué, Michèle-Marie; Roba, Hassan; Rubis, Jennifer; Saito, Osamu; Xue, Dayuan Working with indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) is vital for inclusive assessments of nature and nature's linkages with people. Indigenous peoples’ concepts about what constitutes sustainability, for example, differ markedly from dominant sustainability discourses. The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services (IPBES) is promoting dialogue across different knowledge systems globally. In 2017, member states of IPBES adopted an ILK Approach including: procedures for assessments of nature and nature's linkages with people; a participatory mechanism; and institutional arrangements for including indigenous peoples and local communities. We present this Approach and analyse how it supports ILK in IPBES assessments through: respecting rights; supporting care and mutuality; strengthening communities and their knowledge systems; and supporting knowledge exchange. Customary institutions that ensure the integrity of ILK, effective empowering dialogues, and shared governance are among critical capacities that enable inclusion of diverse conceptualizations of sustainability in assessments.

Estudios preliminares en el área de canteras La Falla (San Luis); Preliminary studies in the quarry area La Falla (San Luis) Borgo, Mariangeles; Heider, Guillermo; Ramos, Gabriel; Curtoni, Rafael Pedro Las investigaciones arqueológicas recientemente iniciadas en la cuenca media y alta del río Quinto (centro-este de la provincia de San Luis) posibilitaron la localización de canteras arqueológicas de grandes dimensiones, así como de numerosas fuentes potenciales de materias primas líticas. Los trabajos realizados se enmarcan en el estudio de la Organización de la Tecnología y la confección de una Base Regional de Recursos Líticos. Desde ese marco se pretende estudiar las estrategias de aprovisionamiento y movilidad implementadas por los grupos que habitaron el área durante todo el Holoceno. En esta presentación se exponen los primeros resultados obtenidos en el sitio La Falla 1, localizado en un área de canteras al noreste del dique Paso de las Carretas, en el límite entre ambas cuentas. El análisis realizado permitió reconocer las características generales de gestión tecnológica en la que se combinan estrategias expeditivas y conservadas. Asimismo, se identificaron las actividades de reducción lítica realizadas y su distribución dentro del sitio.; The archaeological research recently started in the middle and upper basin of the Quinto River (east-central province of San Luis) made it possible to locate large archaeological quarries, as well as numerous sources of lithic raw materials. The work carried out is part of the project to identify a Regional Base of Lithic Resources and Studies of the Organization of Technology. From this framework, the aim is to study the supply and mobility strategies among the groups that will inhabit the area during the entire Holocene. In this presentation, the first results are shown on the La Falla 1 site, emplaced in a quarry area northeast of the Paso de las Carretas, on the boundary between both basins. The analysis made it possible to recognize the general characteristics of technological management in which expedited and conserved strategies are combined. Likewise, the lithic reduction activities carried out and their distribution within the site were identified.

Effect of screw press extraction process parameters on pistachio oil recovery and quality.; Efecto de los parámetros del proceso de extracción por prensado sobre el rendimiento y la calidad de aceite de Pistacho Fantino, V. M.; Bodoira, Romina Mariana; Penci, Maria Cecilia; Ribotta, Pablo Daniel; Martínez, M. L. Pistachio nuts have high economical and nutritional value, mostly due to their elevated oil content (50%), which is composed mainly of oleic and linoleic fatty acids. Box-Behnken experimental designs were performed to optimize the oil extraction by response surface analysis. The independent variables measured were seed moisture content (SMC), restriction die (RD), screw press speed (PS) and pressing temperature (PT), while the response variables considered were oil recovery (OR), fine solid contents in the oil (FSC), oil remaining in the cake (OC) and parameters related to oil quality (free fatty acid composition (FFAC, mg KOH/g oil), peroxide value (PV, meq O2/kg oil), K232, K270 and pigment contents, mg/kg oil). Given that the chemical quality of pistachio nut oil pressed under different conditions was not affected, the process response was optimized in order to maximize OR under two pressing temperatures. Therefore, at 75 °C, pistachio oil extraction showed a maximum OR (79.61 g/100 g oil) at 8% SMC, 4 mm RD and 20 rpm SP; while, under cold-pressed conditions, the maximum OR (65.97 g/100 g oil) was achieved at 10% SMC, 4mm RD and 20 rpm SP. It is important to highlight that OR values were higher than the results reported previously and the chemical quality parameters from both oils were in the range of Codex standards for virgin (non-refined) oils (FFAC < 0.31 and PV < 0.33).

Indicadores tecnológicos de colonización en contextos de superficie del Macizo del Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina); Technological markers of colonization in surface contexts from the Deseado Massif (Santa Cruz, Argentina); Indicadores tecnológicos de colonização em contextos de superfície do Maciço do Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina) Hermo, Dario Omar; Mosquera, Bruno Hernan; Vargas Gariglio, Jorgelina; Perez, Alejo Los conjuntos líticos del Macizo del Deseado correspondientes a la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno temprano han sido caracterizados por la presencia de artefactos unifaciales, elaborados sobre lascas grandes, generalmente espesas y formatizados mediante retoque marginal. Estas características tecnológicas fueron registradas en diferentes contextos del Macizo del Deseado, como Los Toldos, Piedra Museo, Cueva Maripe, entre otros; como así también en el noroeste santacruceño. En este trabajo evaluamos conjuntos líticos de contextos estratigráficos y de sitios en superficie con el objetivo de identificar indicadores de estas tecnologías tempranas. Observamos que tanto en los conjuntos del Pleistoceno final - Holoceno provenientes de sitios en estratigrafía, como en contextos en superficie sin control cronológico, se repiten ciertas características tecnológicas y morfológicas. Estas características hablan de preferencias tecnológicas (presencia de determinados grupos tipológicos, selección de formas base, técnicas de manufactura y acondicionamiento de las herramientas) que pueden ser tenidas en cuenta a la hora de evaluar conjuntos artefactuales de superficie.; The lithic assemblages assigned to the Pleistocene-Holocene transition recovered at the Deseado Massif have been characterized by the presence of unifacial artifacts, made on large and generally thick flakes and involvingmarginal retouch. These technological characteristics have been recorded in different contexts of the region, such as Los Toldos, Piedra Museo and Cueva Maripe, among others, as well as in the northwestern Santa Cruz province. In this work we evaluated lithic assemblages from stratigraphic contexts and from surface sites to identify indicators of these early technologies. We observed that in both Pleistocene-Early Holocene assemblages from stratigraphic sites and in surface assemblages without chronological assignment, some technological and morphological characteristics are repeated. These characteristics inform us about technological preferences (presence of particular typological groups, blank selection, manufacture technics and tool conditioning) that may be taken into account when assessing surface artifact assemblages.; Os conjuntos líticos do Maciço do Deseado, correspondentes à transição PleistocenoHoloceno inicial foram caracterizados pela presença de artefatos unifaciais, elaborados em lascas grandes, geralmente espessas, e talhados por retoques marginais. Estas características tecnológicas foram registradas em diferentes contextos do Maciço de Deseado, como Los Toldos, Piedra Museo, Cueva Maripe, entre outros, bem como no noroeste de Santa Cruz. Neste trabalho avaliamos conjuntos líticos de contextos estratigráficos e sítios de superfície com o objetivo de identificar indicadores destas tecnologias iniciais. Observamos que tanto nos conjuntos do Pleistoceno final-Holoceno provenientes de sítios em estratigrafia, quanto em contextos de superfície sem controle cronológico, repetem-se certas características tecnológicas e morfológicas. Estas características falam de preferências tecnológicas (presença de certos grupos tipológicos, seleção de formas de base, técnicas de fabricação e acondicionamento das ferramentas) que podem ser levadas em conta no momento de avaliar conjuntos de artefatos de superfície.

Pteris tremula (Polypodiopsida: Pteridaceae): A Naturalized Species in Argentina Arana, Marcelo Daniel; Berrueta, Pedro Cayetano; Gorrer, Daniel Alejandro; Giudice, Gabriela Elena; Luna, María Luján Pteris tremula (Polypodiopsida: Pteridaceae): A Naturalized Species in Argentina.—The cosmopolitan fern genus Pteris L. (subfamily Pteridoideae, Pteridaceae; PPG I, Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54:563–603. 2016), is one of the most diverse, including approximately 250 species that inhabit temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions of all continents from Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and South America northward to Japan and North America. The species grow from open slopes to dense forests and from acid soils to limestone rock; about 60 taxa occur in the tropical Americas (Liao, Ding, Wu, Prado, and Gilbert, Flora of China 2–3:181–211. 2013., Chao, Rouhan, Amoroso, and Chiou, Annals of Botany 114:109–124. 2014). Some species, such as Pteris cretica L., P. longifolia L., P. multifida Poir., P. tremula R. Br., and P. vittata L. are reported as invasive plants in many parts of the world, being increasingly found in both, natural and urban areas in several countries possibly as a result of climate change and human migration. Some grow so prolifically that they have been classified as invasive weeds (Wilkins and Salter, Bulletin of the Royal Society of Chemistry:8–10. 2003, Robinson, Sheffield, and Sharpe, In Mehltreter, Walker, and Sharpe, Fern Ecology:255– 322. 2010). Among them, Pteris cretica, P. multifida and P. vittata are species that originated in Asia (China) or Europe and have been cited as naturalized in many regions of America since the early 1970s (e.g., de la Sota, Coleccion´ Cient´ıfica del Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog´ıa Agropecuaria 13:1–275. 1977; Prado and Windisch, Boletim do Instituto de Botanica Sa ˆ ˜o Paulo 13:103–199. 2000; Mazumdar and Arana, Phytotaxa 261:199–200. 2016). Pteris tremula belongs to the Pteris chilensis clade, characterized by three to four-pinnatifid lamina, ultimate pinnules (lobes) with veins free (Zhang, Rothfels, Ebihara, Schuettpelz, Le Pechon, Kamau, He, Zhou, Prado, Field, Yatskievych, Gao, ´ and Zhang, Cladistics 31:1–18. 2014). The clade contains only two species with disjunct distributions, the Chilean endemic Pteris chilensis Desv. and Pteris tremula, known as ‘‘tender brakefern’’ and originally distributed in the Australasian South Pacific, in Australia and Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, New Zealand, Kermadec Island, and Fiji (Kramer and Mc Carthy, Flora of Australia 48:242–248. 1998), often locally naturalized in the Northern Hemisphere (Zhang et al., 2014). Also, P. tremula has been cited as an invasive weed in South Africa (Baard and Kraaij, South African Journal of Botany 94:51–63. 2014).

FTIR spectroscopic features of the pteridosperm Ruflorinia orlandoi and host rock (Springhill Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Argentina) Lafuente Diaz, Maiten Amalia; D`angelo, José Alejandro; del Fueyo, Georgina Marisa; Carrizo, Martin Alejandro Ruflorinia orlandoi (Pteridospermophyta) fronds are chemically analyzed for the first time by semi-quantitative Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This analysis allows the chemical characterization of the mesophyll and cuticle revealing the functional groups preserved in different frond parts (pinnae and rachis). The specimens collected in the Springhill Formation at the Río Correntoso locality (Lower Cretaceous, Santa Cruz province, Argentina) are compressions with very well-preserved cuticular features. The R. orlandoi remains (pinnae and rachis) are spectroscopically analyzed into two samples: compressions (Cp) and cuticles (Ct). Additionally, a third sample form from the host rock and named associated coal (V) is spectroscopically analyzed. Semi-quantitative data derived from Cp, Ct, and V spectra are evaluated by principal component analysis. The results indicate that Cp samples have a similar chemical composition whereas Ct samples show a greater variability. The latter could be related to intraspecific variability of foliar characters (e.g., trichomes and cuticular striations). Furthermore, Ct samples exhibit high contents of aromatic carbon groups suggesting a distinctive composition, likely including cutin/cutan biomacropolymers and/or phenolic compounds. Considering each specimen, the rachis shows a higher aromatic carbon content than pinnae as a consequence of the presence of more lignified tissues in the former. The V samples have the lowest relative intensity of aliphatic groups. On the other hand, the functional-group composition of R. orlandoi remains and V samples are compared with kerogen types and coal macerals showing a general chemical composition similar to type II kerogen. The latter is related to cuticles, spores, pollen grains, and resins.