Mortalidad y decaimiento de bosques en el mundo y en la Patagonia Martinez Meier, Alejandro Gabriel; Sergent, Anne Sophie; Dalla Salda, Guillermina; Diez, Juan La supervivencia de los bosques se ve actualmente amenazada por el cambio climático. En las últimas décadas, mortalidad y procesos de decaimientos asociados a eventos de sequías y olas de calor han sido registrados en todos los bosques del mundo, inclusive en nuestros bosques Andino-Patagónicos.

Innovation religieuse et changement social: Dynamiques du phénomène évangélique en Amérique latine Mosqueira, Mariela Analía Cet article cherche à comprendre les dynamiques d’innovation et de standardisation dans le monde évangélique latino-américain. Dans une première partie, l’autrice présente une révision narrative de la littérature académique sur l’évangélisme et le changement social dans la région. Elle analyse ensuite les dynamiques d’innovation et de standardisation du monde évangélique à partir d’une recherche ethnographique et documentaire sur le rock chrétien. Enfin, elle propose une approche méso-réticulaire combinant l’interactionnisme et l’analyse des réseaux sociaux afin d’étudier comment les innovations religieuses se développent et s’institutionnalisent, offrant ainsi une base théorique et méthodologique pour de futures recherches en sociologie de la religion.; This article seeks to understand the dynamics of innovation and standardization in the Latin American evangelical world. First, the author presents a narrative review of the academic literature on evangelicalism and social change in the region. Next, she analyses the dynamics of innovation and standardization in the evangelical world on the basis of ethnographic and documentary research on Christian rock. Finally, she proposes a meso-reticular approach combining interactionism and social network analysis to study how religious innovations develop and become institutionalized, thereby providing a theoretical and methodological basis for future research in the sociology of religion.

Field evaluation of cat fur and TMT odours as repellents of commensal rodents in poultry farms Hillar, Gabriela Solange; Leon, Vanina Andrea; Busch, Maria; Esquenazi, Dana; Fraschina, Jimena Behavioural responses of prey to predation can be used as a management tool in breeding systems where rodents cause economic losses and pose a health risk for humans and domestic animals. In this work we assessed the effect of cat fur and TMT odours on food consumption and activity of rodents in poultry farms of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The study was conducted in 8 poultry farms that are devoted to breeding broiler chickens. At each farm we randomly selected three sheds, which were assigned to TMT, cat fur odour or control treatments. Odours were applied on a 5 ×5 cm piece of cloth that was either placed inside feeders or over footprint trackingtiles. Food consumption was measured in each shed at 20 stations with 10 g of wheat seeds, while rodent activity was measured in 10 footprints tracking tiles. Both feeders and footprint tracking tiles were placed outside sheds along walls. Food consumption and activity were assessed 2, 4 and 6 days after the application of treatments. The odour of cat fur caused a reduction in food consumption by rodents, but there was not a significant effect on activity. We did not detect an effect of TMT neither on food consumption, nor in activity. We conclude that cat fur has the potential to be used as repellent for commensal rodents in field conditions. However, its applicationfor large-scale rodent control requires the development of a product that incorporates the active substance responsible for the aversion effect.

Ensayar sobre los ‘tiempos idos’, marcar nuestra presencia: Carta a un padre y Sara de Edgardo Cozarinsky; Rehersing about 'times gone by', marking our presence: Carta a un padre and Sara of Edgardo Cozarinsky; Écrire des essais sur les « temps passés », marquer notre présence: Carta a un padre et Sara de Edgardo Cozarinsky González Roux, Maya En el film Carta a un padre (2013) y el libro Sara (2013), Edgardo Cozarinsky explora no tanto las vidas de sus padres sino los “tiempos idos”, un pasado difunto hecho de reliquias, restos y silencios. A partir de las continuas digresiones, tan características de sus narraciones cinematográficas y literarias, el presente artículo se propone abordar el trabajo con la intimidad, siempre entrelazada a una época, y observar la oscilación entre ficción y documento, entre crónica, ensayo y escritura de vida.

Entre el peronismo histórico y Montoneros: decursos de una radicalización política a través de la trayectoria de Oscar Bidegain (1955-1989); Between historical peronism and Montoneros: courses of political radicalization through the career of Oscar Bidegain (1955–1989) Tocho, Fernanda Nora En el presente trabajo, desde un enfoque centrado en las trayectorias políticas o carreras militantes, nos proponemos analizar el derrotero de Oscar Bidegain -reconocido dirigente del peronismo histórico que gobernó la provincia de Buenos Aires entre mayo de 1973 y enero de 1974- y su vinculación con la organización armada Montoneros en los años setenta y en la recuperación democrática. Más precisamente, se indaga en su trayectoria posterior a la gestión bonaerense -mucho menos estudiada- que incluye el paso y la integración por diferentes espacios de sociabilidad y redes políticas vinculadas a la Tendencia Revolucionaria del peronismo, y más directamente a Montoneros: desde su participación en la cúpula del Partido Peronista Auténtico y el Movimiento Peronista Auténtico en el año 1975, a su incorporación, durante el exilio, como uno de los máximos dirigentes de la rama política del Movimiento Peronista Montonero en 1977; y su continuidad en la posdictadura, apoyando espacios como Intransigencia y Movilización Peronista en la transición electoral e integrando la Mesa Nacional del Peronismo Revolucionario en el año 1985, ya en el marco de su detención carcelaria durante los años del alfonsinismo y la hegemonía de la teoría de los dos demonios. De modo más general, el trabajo se inscribe en la línea de estudios que en los últimos años han examinado las múltiples formas de la política en los años setenta, poniendo el foco en la participación institucional, las apuestas políticas legales y los proyectos de gobierno de la izquierda peronista, que acompañaron y/o tensionaron la reconocida estrategia armada.; In the present work, from an approach focused on political trajectories or militant careers, we propose to analyze the path of Oscar Bidegain —a recognized leader of historical Peronism who governed the province of Buenos Aires between May 1973 and January 1974— and his connection with the Montoneros armed organization in the seventies and in the democratic recovery. More precisely, it investigates his career after the Buenos Aires administration —much less studied— which includes the passage and integration through different spaces of sociability and political networks linked to the Revolutionary Tendency of Peronism, and more directly to Montoneros: from his participation in the leadership of the Authentic Peronist Party and the Authentic Peronist Movement in 1975, to his incorporation, during exile, as one of the top leaders of the political branch of the Montonero Peronist Movement in 1977; and his continuity in the post–dictatorship, supporting Peronist Intransigence and Mobilization in the electoral transition and integrating the National Table of Revolutionary Peronism in 1985, within the framework of his prison detention during the Alfonsinism and the hegemony of the theory of the two demons. More generally, the work is part of the line of studies that in recent years have examined the multiple forms of politics in the seventies, focusing on institutional participation, legal political stakes and government projects from the peronist left, which accompanied and/or stressed the recognized armed strategy.

Terrestrial ciliate assemblages from Iguazú National Park (Argentina) under contrasting environmental scenarios Pascualat, Agostina; Siebert, Carolina; Gonzalez Garraza, Gabriela Carolina; Nenda, Santiago Javier; Kuppers, Gabriela Cristina Bryophytes and lichens provide organic nutrients and a moist environment for the development of microbial communities. Ciliates show adaptations to inhabit these biotopes where water availability is crucial, like forming resting cysts under unfavorable conditions. To identify possible drivers of these terrestrial ciliate communities, we analyzed the taxonomic richness and composition in two paths from Iguazú National Park (Circuito Inferior, near waterfalls; Sendero Macuco, away from cascades), during wet and dry periods, in samples composed of bryophytes or bryophytes + lichens growing on trees or rocks. The non-flooded Petri dish and optical microscopy methods were used. A total of 132 ciliates were found, mostly Spirotrichea and Colpodea. Taxonomic richness differed between paths (GLMM, p = 0.05), being 1.4 times higher in Sendero Macuco, which had more exclusive taxa than Circuito Inferior. Likewise, ciliate assemblages were influenced by habitat conditions and sample composition (NMDS, ANOSIM test p < 0.01). Bryophytes and lichens were dampened by the waterfall’s spray in Circuito Inferior during the wet period when higher richness was observed. In Sendero Macuco, higher richness occurred during the dry period, suggesting these differences could be related to contrasting habitats instead of climatic conditions. Nevertheless, C/P indices revealed a prevalence of the r-selected Colpodea over the K-selected Spirotrichea + Heterotrichea in both paths during the dry period, indicating unstable environmental conditions. Further research is needed to deepen our knowledge on terrestrial ciliates in this natural protected area from South America, which is a world hotspot for biodiversity.

El marco jurídico de la economía social y solidaria en Argentina. Configuración y evolución; The legal framework of the social and solidarity economy in Argentina: configuration and evolution Torres, Miguel Agustín; Moreil, Sophie La economía social y solidaria cuenta con profundos antecedentes en la historia argentina, coincidiendo el origen de sus prácticas principales con la instancia de configuración institucional del Estado nacional a mediados del siglo XIX. La conformación del marco jurídico específico en este ámbito, focalizado principalmente en el movimiento cooperativo y mutuales, implicó el desenvolvimiento de un proceso complejo y prolongado cuyo ritmo de avance no se ajustó, muchas veces, a la celeridad de los cambios propios del dinamismo que caracterizó al sector. Teniendo en cuenta ello, este trabajo se propone caracterizar la evolución que describió la regulación legal de la economía social y solidaria en el ordenamiento jurídico argentino. A través de un análisis de naturaleza cualitativa y con propósitos descriptivo y reflexivo, se recorre la trayectoria que cursó la configuración del marco legal específico identificando sus instancias principales. Se argumenta, en tal sentido, que en la evolución del régimen jurídico específico es posible distinguir dos fases, una de ellas correspondiente a la normación del cooperativismo y mutualismo y otra que aún se halla en formulación centrada en la necesidad de brindar cobertura normativa al extendido y diversificado campo social y solidario.; The social and solidarity economy has deep antecedents in Argentine history, the origin of its main practices coinciding with the institutional configuration of the national State in the mid-19th century. The formation of the specific legal framework in this area, focused mainly on the cooperative and mutual movement, involved the development of a complex and prolonged process whose pace of progress was not adjusted, many times, to the speed of the changes inherent to the dynamism that characterized to the sector. Taking this into account, this work aims to characterize the evolution that described the legal regulation of the social and solidarity economy in the Argentine legal system. Through an analysis of a qualitative nature and with descriptive and reflective purposes, the trajectory of the configuration of the specific legal framework is traced, identifying its main instances. It is argued, in this sense, that in the evolution of the specific legal regime it is possible to distinguish two phases, one of them corresponding to the regulation of cooperativism and mutualism and another that is still in formulation focused on the need to provide regulatory coverage to the extended and diversified social and solidarity field.

Determinantes de la adopción de tecnología de riego presurizado: El caso del Valle de Tulum, San Juan; Determinants of the adoption of pressurized irrigation technology: The case of the Tulum Valley, San Juan Goti Ayala, Ana Ayelén; Roco Fuentes, Lisandro Edgardo; Andrieu, Jimena La producción agrícola bajo riego en zonas áridas requiere una gestión eficiente en el uso de los recursos para garantizar la sostenibilidad del sistema. Por este motivo, es crucial comprender las decisiones en torno al uso y manejo del agua, la energía, la producción y los sistemas de riego. Este trabajo empírico analiza los factores que influyen en la instalación de sistemas de riego presurizado en el Valle de Tulum, San Juan, Argentina, a partir de una muestra de 106 predios mediante un modelo de regresión probit. Se identificaron que las siguientes variables impactaron de forma significativa y positiva: número de integrantes del hogar, nivel educativo, relación superficie regada sobre la superficie total, seguridad en la tenencia de la tierra, disponibilidad de fuentes de energía renovables y almacenamiento de agua intra finca. El estudio aporta a la compresión de la adopción de tecnologías en el medio rural y genera orientaciones relevantes para la política agraria.; Irrigated agricultural production in arid areas requires efficient management in the use of resources to ensure the sustainability of the system. For this reason, it is crucial to understand the decisions around water use and management, energy, production and irrigation systems. This empirical work analyzes the factors that influence the installation of pressurized irrigation systems in the Tulum Valley, San Juan, Argentina, based on a sample of 106 farms using a probit regression model. The following variables were identified as having a significant and positive impact: number of household members, educational level, irrigated area/total area ratio, land tenure security, availability of renewable energy sources and intra-farm water storage. The study contributes to the understanding of the adoption of technologies in rural areas and generates relevant guidelines for agricultural policy.

Relaciones entre imágenes y minerales. El caso de los grabados de El Salto-1 (dpto. Tinogasta, Catamarca); Relation between images and minerals: The case of El Salto-1 engravings (dpto. Tinogasta, Catamarca) Basile, Mara Valeria; Ratto, Norma Rosa Damos a conocer el primer relevamiento realizado en el sitio El Salto-1 compuesto por un conjunto de 10 (diez) bloques grabados dispuestos de manera dispersa en la terraza fluvial del río y quebrada homónima en el faldeo oriental de la sierra de Fiambalá, Tinogasta, Catamarca. Analizamos el repertorio temático en cada bloque, registrando los tipos de motivos, la técnica de ejecución y evaluando la existencia de superposiciones y diferencias en las tonalidades de las pátinas. Asimismo, ponderamos la importancia de considerar las condiciones de emplazamiento y definir así los contextos de los que estas imágenes participaron. Al respecto, investigaciones en curso pusieron de manifiesto la importancia del estaño, el cobre y otros minerales en las Sierras de Fiambalá y Zapata, su relación con la metalurgia prehispánica, tanto en tiempos de la conquista incaica como previos, y también las diversas estrategias implementadas para su control a lo largo del tiempo. En este marco, nuestra hipótesis de trabajo es que los grabados del sitio El Salto-1 están vinculados con distintas etapas de la cadena operativa metalúrgica, particularmente con el procesamiento de las menas de mineral de estaño; sin descartar aspectos de defensa, control y/o regulación del acceso a las amplias áreas mineralizadas.; We report the first survey conducted at the site El Salto-1, composed of a set of 10 (ten) engraved blocks scattered on the fluvial terrace of the El Salto river and ravine, in the eastern foothills of the Fiambalá mountain range, Tinogasta, Catamarca. We analyzed the thematic repertoire displayed in each block, recording the types of motifs, the technique of execution and evaluating the existence of overlaps and differences in the patina tonalities. We have also considered the importance of taking into account the conditions of placement, at the level of the site and of each block, to define the contexts in which these images participated. In this regard, archaeometallurgical work and ongoing research have shown the importance of tin, copper, and other minerals in the Sierras de Fiambalá and Zapata, their relationship with pre-Hispanic metallurgy, both during the Inca conquest and before, and also the different strategies implemented to control them over time. In this context, our working hypothesis is that the engravings of the site El Salto-1 are related to different stages of the metallurgical operational chain, especially to the processing of tin deposits, without excluding aspects of defense, control, and/or regulation of access to the large mineralized areas

Stability of melatonin in eutectic systems: New avenues in therapeutic product development Canizo, Brenda Vanina; Jofré, María Florencia; Mammana, Sabrina Belén; Elia Dazat, Ricardo Ariel; Silva, María Fernanda; Gomez, Federico Jose Vicente Melatonin is an indoleamine with functions as neurohormone, that is well known as pharmaceutical or healthcare product. Like many pharmaceutical compounds, melatonin is recognized to be an unstable molecule, principally sensitive to light and high temperatures. Storage conditions, including temperature and light, over different storage periods have been considered as important factors in melatonin degradation. This research describes for the first time, the utilization of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as green alternatives to organic solvents for improving the stability of the hormone under various storage conditions. The results showed that temperature and light effect on melatonin content during the storage presented a diverse behavior according to the solvent. At low temperatures, the hydrophilic eutectic systems based on choline chloride-glycerol and lactic acid-glucose, along with water, were the most effective in extending the shelf life of the hormone compared to conventional solvents. However, at high temperature, this behavior was reversed. Regarding the effect of light, it significantly affects the stability of melatonin, primarily UV exposure. The eutectic systems appear to be the best medium for melatonin stability under this condition. These findings highlight the potential of NADES for their protective role in the stability of the compound that could be explained in terms of their viscosity and the hydrogen bond interactions within the solute and the eutectic systems.

Abordaje interdisciplinario en una tesis doctoral: Una investigación sobre Historia del Pasado reciente, Sociología Rural y Antropología de la Educación; Interdisciplinary Approach in a Doctoral Thesis: An Investigation in History of the Recent Past, Rural Sociology, and Anthropology of Education; Abordagem interdisciplinar numa tese de doutorado. Uma pesquisa sobre História do Passado Recente, Sociologia Rural e Antropologia da Educação Morzilli, Melina El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general aportar al campo de los estudios sobre abordajes interdisciplinarios en ciencias sociales y humanas. En este sentido, aquí vamos a subrayar la relevancia de una propuesta interdisciplinaria (Notario, 2021), que pone en interrelación el campo de la Historia del Pasado Reciente, la Sociología Rural y la Antropología de la Educación en el marco de una tesis doctoral (Morzilli, 2019), perteneciente a un doctorado en Historia. Esta investigación sólo pudo concretarse mediante este abordaje interdisciplinario, al estudiar fenómenos sociales complejos. Para ello, daremos cuenta de las metodologías, las técnicas y fuentes que se implementaron y utilizaron para cada uno de los objetivos de la tesis, con la intención de visualizar cómo sólo a través de esta manera interdisciplinaria de abordarla se logró alcanzar sus objetivos. Por último, se realizarán reflexiones sobre la relevancia de la propuesta del abordaje interdisciplinario; This paper seeks to contribute to the field of interdisciplinary studies within the social and human sciences. In this respect, it emphasizes the significance of an interdisciplinary proposal (Notario, 2021) which interrelates the field of History of the Recent Past, Rural Sociology and Anthropology of Education within the framework of a doctoral thesis (Morzilli, 2019), for a doctorate in history. This research was made possible only through this interdisciplinary approach when studying complex social phenomena. The methodologies, techniques and sources employed for each research objective of the thesis are presented to illustrate how this interdisciplinary approach was essential to achieving the thesis’s aims. Finally, reflections are offered on the relevance of the interdisciplinary approach proposed.; O objetivo geral deste trabalho é contribuir para o campo de estudos sobre abordagens interdisciplinares nas ciências sociais e humanas. Nesse sentido, vamos destacar aqui a relevância de uma proposta interdisciplinar (Notário, 2021), que inter-relaciona o campo das ciências sociais. História do Passado Recente, Sociologia Rural e Antropologia da Educação no âmbito de uma tese de doutoramento (Morzilli, 2019), pertencente a um doutorado em história. Esta pesquisa só poderia ser realizada através desta abordagem interdisciplinar no estudo de fenômenos sociais complexos. Para isso, daremos conta das metodologias, técnicas e fontes que foram implementadas e utilizadas em cada um dos objetivos da tese, com o intuito de mostrar como os objetivos foram alcançados graças à abordagem interdisciplinar. Por fim, serão feitas reflexões sobre a relevância da proposta de abordagem interdisciplinar.

Studying pollen representation of vegetation and plant richness from Pampean coastal dunes (Argentina, South America): exploring from local to landscape quantitative linkages; Estudio de la representación del polen de la vegetación y la riqueza de plantas de las dunas costeras pampeanas (Argentina, América del Sur): explorando las relaciones cuantitativas desde lo local al paisaje Vasquez Perez, Carolina; Sottile, Gonzalo David; Merino Campos, Víctor Hugo; Stutz, Silvina Maria Introducción y objetivos: Estudiar la dinámica de la diversidad vegetal mediante registros polínicos puede contribuir a entender patrones de cambio de largo plazo. Para ello es necesario estudiar cómo la composición y riqueza del polen superficial de los sistemas de Dunas Costeros argentinos reflejan la heterogeneidad del paisaje. M&M: Se recolectaron 24 muestras de superficie de sedimentos de pequeñas lagunas. Se mapeó y clasificó la heterogeneidad vegetal hasta 2000 m en unidades de paisaje y mediante análisis multivariados y agrupamiento se comparó el contenido polínico y la cobertura de las unidades de paisaje (%). Se modeló la relación entre riqueza específica y riqueza polínica, desde la escala local hasta la de paisaje mediante regresiones lineales. Resultados: La relación entre la riqueza específica y polínica está influenciada por el sesgo taxonómico, la producción polínica y limitaciones tafonómicas (dispersión y preservación de polen). Las asociaciones y riqueza de polen superficial reflejan la riqueza específica y heterogeneidad vegetal a escala de paisaje (ca. 1000-2000 m). Los principales contribuyentes a la riqueza polínica son anemófilos. Algunos tipos de polen entomófilos son útiles para inferir cierta heterogeneidad local. Conclusiones: El modelado cuantitativo de la relación polen-vegetación en término de unidades de paisaje y riqueza polínica demuestra el alto potencial para la aplicación de estos modelos en la reconstrucción de la dinámica de la vegetación en este tipo de ambientes a partir de registros polínicos.; Background and aims: Studying plant dynamics through past pollen records may contribute to a better understanding of long-term changes in plant communities. Thus, this study aims to establish whether surface pollen composition and richness of the Argentinean Coastal Dune System reflect landscape heterogeneity in coastal dune environments. M&M: Twenty-four sediment surface samples were collected in small lagoons. Landscape-scale heterogeneity up to 2000 m was mapped and classified in landscape units. Multivariate analyses were used to classify pollen samples and compare them to landscape unit coverage (%). Also, we evaluate plant species and pollen richness relationship by linear regression models. Results: The relationship between plant and pollen richness is influenced by taxonomic smoothing, pollen production and taphonomic constraints (dispersal and preservation). The pollen assemblages and pollen richness from surface sediments of small lagoons and interdune slacks reflect plant richness and vegetation heterogeneity at the landscape scale (ca. 1000-2000 m). The main contributors to pollen richness are anemophilous pollen types, although some entomophilous pollen types are useful to infer some local heterogeneity. Conclusions: We report the first quantitative analysis on pollen-vegetation relationship of coastal ecosystems showing that pollen records reflect landscape vegetation attributes, encouraging the study of past plant diversity and landscape variability based on pollen records.

Geografías posthumanas: ¿Cómo alimentar un cuerpo muerto?; Geografias pós-humanas: Como alimentar um corpo morto?; Posthuman geographies: How to feed a dead body? Zanelli, Milena En este trabajo exploro una cartografía del duelo desde mi propia biografía. El género ensayo me posibilita pensar de forma anti sistemática entre los límites de la filosofía y el psicoanálisis. A partir del objetivo de establecer un espacio de encuentro con mi abuela muerta comienzo un camino de interrogantes sobre las posibilidades del conocimiento. Reviso desde Nietzsche los prejuicios morales que establecen límites y jerarquizan la vida humana y el mundo de los vivos. Luego, analizo la ecología de los sentires de Despret como ejercicio de disponibilidad hacia los seres invisibles. Reflexiono sobre la utilidad de esta teoría frente a la deconstrucción de Derrida, a formas virtuales de teleduelo, a la versión de Freud del duelo y su revisión realizada por Allocuh. Esta confrontación no se realiza en función de una objetividad a priori, sino desde mi situación geográfica; en la intemperie de las fronteras de lo propiamente humano.; Neste trabalho, exploro uma cartografia do luto a partir da minha própria biografia. O gênero ensaio me possibilita pensar de forma antissistemática entre os limites da filosofia e da psicanálise. Com o objetivo de estabelecer um espaço de encontro com minha avó falecida, inicio um caminho de questionamentos sobre as possibilidades do conhecimento. Reviso, com base em Nietzsche, os preconceitos morais que estabelecem limites e hierarquizam a vida humana e o mundo dos vivos. Em seguida, analiso a ecologia dos afetos de Despret como um exercício de disponibilidade para os seres invisíveis. Reflito sobre a utilidade dessa teoria em contraste com a desconstrução de Derrida, as formas virtuais de teleluto, a versão de Freud sobre o luto e sua revisão realizada por Allocuh. Essa confrontação não se dá com base em uma objetividade a priori, mas sim a partir da minha situação geográfica: na intempérie das fronteiras do propriamente humano.; In this work, I explore a cartography of mourning through my own biography. The essay genre allows me to think in an anti-systematic way at the intersection of philosophy and psychoanalysis. With the goal of creating a space to meet my deceased grandmother, I embark on a path of questioning the possibilities of knowledge. Drawing on Nietzsche, I examine the moral prejudices that establish boundaries and hierarchize human life and the world of living. I then analyze Despret's ecology of feelings as an exercise in openness toward invisible beings. I reflect on the usefulness of this theory in contrast to Derrida's deconstruction, virtual forms of telemourning, Freud's concept of mourning, and its reinterpretation by Allocuh. This confrontation does not arise from a priori objectivity but rather from my geographic situation: in the exposed boundaries of what is properly human.

Gondwanan Perspectives: Paleontological Studies in Antarctica and Its Biogeographic Connection with South America Rodriguez Amenabar, Cecilia; Chornogubsky Clerici, Laura The Antarctic continent, today isolated from any other landmass due to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, was part of the supercontinent Gondwana at the beginning of the Mesozoic (McLoughlin, 2001). During the Gondwanan breakup, starting in the Late Jurassic, South America, Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, Madagascar, East and West Antarctica, and South America began to rift apart (e.g., Reguero & Goin, 2021). West Antarctica (including the Antarctic Peninsula) was connected to southern South America until the Drake Passage was completely formed. Goin et al. (2007) suggested that Antarctica and southern South America were part of a single biogeographical unit, the Andean Region of the Austral Kingdom. This relation among both regions appears to be corroborated by several studies of the biota (e.g., Woodburne & Zinsmeister, 1984; Chornogubsky et al., 2009; Reguero et al., 2013; Gelfo et al., 2019; Amenábar et al., 2022), much of them as part of research results of Argentine summer expeditions carried out by Argentina headed by the Instituto Antártico Argentino.

Point-spread-function engineering in MINFLUX: optimality of donut and half-moon excitation patterns Liu, Yan; Dong, Jonathan; Maya, Juan Augusto; Balzarotti, Francisco; Unser, Michael Localization microscopy enables imaging with resolutions that surpass the conventional optical diffraction limit. Notably, the Maximally INFormative LUminescence eXcitation (MINFLUX) method achieves super-resolution by shaping the excitation point spread function (PSF) to minimize the required photon flux for a given precision. Various beam shapes have recently been proposed to improve localization efficiency, yet their optimality remains an open question. In this work, we deploy a numerical and theoretical framework to determine optimal excitation patterns for MINFLUX. Such a computational approach allows us to search for new beam patterns in a fast and low-cost fashion and to avoid time-consuming and expensive experimental explorations. We show that the conventional donut beam is a robust optimum when the excitation beams are all constrained to the same shape. Further, our PSF engineering framework yields two pairs of half-moon beams (orthogonal to each other), which can improve the theoretical localization precision by a factor of about two.

Resource-Efficient Ubiquitous Sensor Networks for Smart Agriculture: A Survey Arif, Muhammad; Maya, Juan Augusto; Anandan, Narendiran; Pérez, Dailys Arronde; Lopez Tonellotto, Mariana Andrea; Zangl, Hubert; Rinner, Bernhard Smart agriculture is an enabling technology addressing the increasing challenges of efficiency, sustainability, and quality of food production. It requires rich data from the farming area at high spatial and temporal resolution. Although remote sensing systems have become readily available recently, in-situ sensing is still required to capture important properties of soil, crops, and their close environment. Ubiquitous sensor networks (USNs) provide a seamless and real-time in-situ sensing infrastructure that could overcome some limitations of smart agriculture. Resource efficiency is essential for USNs due to 1) the expected long operation time in typically resource-constrained environments, 2) the vast amount of captured and processed data, and 3) the ever-increasing application requirements. This survey comprehensively analyzes resource optimization techniques for USNs along three USN layers: the sensing, the communication & connectivity, and the processing & analysis layer. It discusses the application of these techniques in the smart agriculture domain and identifies current challenges and open research issues.

Positioning of the dispersive electrode and its effect on the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation Berjano, Enrique; Irastorza, Ramiro Miguel We recently read the article entitled “Impact of dispersive patch electrode positioning on safety and efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation” by Futyma, Zarębski and Sauer. The authors state that the position of the patch has an impact in terms of RF lesion size. Specifically, they state that: “When the dispersive patches are placed incorrectly, it can lead to suboptimal lesion formation and potentially increase the risk of adverse events.” However, they do not provide any reference to this, and in fact there is not currently enough clinical evidence in the literature to allow such a statement.In our previous studies based on computational modeling, we did not observe asignificant clinical impact of the different positions of the dispersive electrode on lesion size. In the article by Futyma et al, the authors cite our two previous works and emphasize some of the limitations of our methodology in order to cast doubt on our findings. However, contrary to what the authors claim, 1) cardiac lesion depths were really calculated considering the impact on extracardiac structures (lung, connective, bonny structures, etc.), and 2) the conductivity and resistivity of lungs were taken from a well recognized database, which is exactly the same as the one used by other authors of a recent modeling work whose conclusion is apparently in line with what Futyma et al claim. It seems that for the authors in silico modeling is an appropriate toolonly when the results agree with their point of view.Other limitations mentioned by the authors, such as 1) the impact of cumulative thermal injury of the oesophagus from multiple sequential and overlapping RF applications, 2) the fluctuations in oesophageal resistivity which can lead to higher current density in the oesophageal region, and 3) the fact that atrio-oesophageal fistula formation is multifactorial, available in silico models may not provide a definitive estimation of RF current pathways in view of DPE positioning, simply have very little to do with the impact of DPE positioning on lesion size.The authors conclude that the position of dispersive patch during RF catheter ablation is a critical factor that affects safe and effective lesion formation. Our conclusion after reading the article is that, as stated in the journal section, this is simply their point of view, and that there is not enough scientific evidence to show that repositioning the DPE in general allows modulating the size of the RF lesion.

We must not fool ourselves: A reply to Sethi et al. on the use of BirdNET to classify neotropical birdcalls Barros de Araújo, Carlos The acousticmonitoring (PAM) of biodiversity has gained traction in recent years, even though classifying species within a recording could be challenging in places where acoustic diversity is high. Among the classification algorithms recently developed, BirdNET is probably the most promising. BirdNET was built to recognize over six thousand bird species and was trained using data from Xeno-canto and the Macaulay Library. Despite its huge potential, BirdNET is known to struggle with noisier recordings (1), reducing its accuracy for PAM.

Unsupervised machine learning for the detection of exotic phases in skyrmion phase diagrams Gomez Albarracin, Flavia Alejandra Undoubtedly, machine learning (ML) techniques are being increasingly applied to a wide range of situations in the field of condensed matter. Amongst these techniques, unsupervised techniques are especially atractive, since they imply the possibility of extracting information from the data without previous labeling. In this work, we resort to the technique known as “anomaly detection” to explore potential exotic phases in skyrmion phase diagrams, using two different algorithms: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a Convolutional Autoencoder (CAE). First, we train these algorithms with an artificial dataset of skyrmion lattices constructed from an analytical parametrization, fordifferent magnetizations, skyrmion lattice orientations, and skyrmion radii. We apply the trained algorithms to a set of snapshots obtained from Monte Carlo simulations for three ferromagnetic skyrmion models: two including in-plane Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in the triangular and kagome lattices, and one with an additional out-of-plane DMI in the kagome lattice. Then, we compare the root mean square error (RMSE) and the binary cross entropy (BCE) between the input and output snapshots as a function of the external magnetic field and temperature. We find that the RMSE error and its variance in the CAE case may be useful to not only detect exotic low temperature phases, but also to differentiate between the characteristic low temperature orderingsof a skyrmion phase diagram (helical, skyrmions and ferromagetic order). Moreover, we apply the skyrmion trained CAE to two antiferromagnetic models in the triangular lattice, one that gives rise to antiferromagnetic skyrmions, and the pure exchange antiferromagnetic case, finding that thebehaviour of the RMSE is still an indicator of different ordering. Finally, we explore the portability of the technique with the same CAE applying it to a ferromagnetic skyrmion model in the square lattice.

Insulin resistance in childhood obesity: The role of dietary habits and their association with novel markers of cardiovascular disease Davico, Belen; Lozano Chiappe, Ezequiel Silvano; Gaete, Laura; Gomez Rosso, Leonardo Adrián; Sáez, María Soledad; Tetzlaff, Walter Francisco; Palenque, Patricia; Osta, Viviana; Yánez Sánchez, Amanda Inés; Boero, Laura; Trifone, Liliana; Martin, Maximiliano; Brites, Fernando Daniel Background: Childhood obesity presents numerous comorbidities such as insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia, andcould be associated with alterations in novel markers of cardiovascular (CV) risk like: (1) the activities of associatedenzymes such as lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and paraoxonase 1 (PON 1), (2) reverse cholesteroltransport (RCT), which comprises cellular cholesterol efflux (CCE), in addition to lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activities, and (3) high density lipoprotein (HDL) antioxidant capacity. Moreover, IR could worsen these cardiometabolic alterations. The objective of the present study was to characterize the effect of IR on novel CV markers in a pediatric population with obesity.Methods: Twenty-five obese children and adolescents with IR, and 25 without IR took part in the study. Anthropometricparameters, Tanner stage and dietary habits were registered. Glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), lipid, andhigh sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, plus Lp-PLA2, LCAT, CETP and PON 1 activities, as well as CCE andHDL antioxidant capacity were measured. A cutoff point of 3.16 in Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR) determined the presence of IR.Results: No differences were observed in age, sex and Tanner stage. Expectedly, the group with IR displayed higher insulin and NEFA levels (p < 0.05). They also presented increased Lp-PLA2 and decreased PON activities (p < 0.05).Importantly, these differences were associated with dietary habits (p < 0.05).Conclusion: IR present in pediatric obesity associated with vascular specific inflammation and reduced PON 1 activity, inaddition to alterations in glucose metabolism, thus increasing CV risk in adulthood. These proatherogenic disturbanceswere conditioned by dietary habits.