El artesano de los nombres: La presencia del Crátilo de Platón en el Idiota. De mente de Nicolás de Cusa a propósito de la imposición de nombres; The craftsman of names: the presence of Plato's Cratylus in the Nicholas of Cusa’s Idiota - De mente on the impositionof Name Gonzalez Rios, Hector Jose Nicolás de Cusa (1401-1464), cuyo pensamiento florece en los umbrales de la Modernidad, se sabe explícitamente heredero de una plural tradición platónica. Con todo, resulta decisiva la presencia de los diálogos de Platón con los que el Cusano tuvo contacto, sea por vía directa o bien indirecta. El propósito de este artículo es estudiar uno de los tópicos centrales de la concepción cusana del lenguaje, esto es, la imposición de nombres a las cosas, a la luz del tratamiento que ofrece en el tercero de los Idiotaelibri, el De mente (1450), y evaluar allí la presencia plausible del Crátilo de Platón en su desarrollo. Con ello buscamos ofrecer una clave hermenéutica aún no suficientemente explorada en el ámbito internacional de los estudios sobre el pensamiento de Nicolás de Cusa.; Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464), whose thought unfolds on the threshold of Modernity, is explicitly known to be the heir of a plural Platonic tradition. The presence of Plato's dialogues with which Nicholas of Cusa had contact, either directly orindirectly, is decisive. The purpose of this article is to study one of the central topics of Cusan's conception of language, that is, the naming of things, in the light of its treatment in the third of the Idiotae libri, the De mente (1450), and to evaluate the plausible presence of Plato's Cratylus in its development. Our aimis to offer a perspective that has not been sufficiently explored in the international sphere of Cusan studies.

Finitud y precariedad: entre el fin de la historia y el cristal del tiempo; Finitude and Precariousness: Between the End of History and the Crystals of Time Ferreyra, Diego Julián La hipótesis de este artículo es que estamos ante un desplazamientode la episteme -concepto que Michel Foucault forjó en Las palabras y las cosas-,y la finitud (que fue parte del plexo de sentido que reinó en Europa occidental a partirdel siglo XIX, y que determinaremos puntualmente a partir de la dialéctica de lo finito de G. W. F. Hegel) no da cuenta yadel “ser bruto del orden”. Para pensar la nueva episteme,que Foucault apenas esbozó, postularemos (con recursos conceptuales de Gilles Deleuze, especialmente las de “cristal detiempo” y “devenir”) la noción de precariedad, donde nuestro frágil ser no deja de vincularse con las fuerzas abismales que a cada instante lo engendran y amenazan con destruirlo.; The hypothesis of this paper is that we are facing a shift of the episteme ―a concept constructed by Michel Foucault in The order of things―, and that therefore finitude (which was part of the web of sense that reigned in Western Europe since the early XIX Century, and that we will determine through Hegel’s dialectic of the finitude) no longer accounts for “order in its primary state”. In order tho conceive the new episteme, which Foucault merely sketched, we will posit (with conceptual resources taken from Gilles Deleuze, notably the “crystal of time”) the notion of precariousness, where our fragile being bonds itself endlessly with abyssal forces that at each instant engender it and menace with its destruction.

Difference in reproductive traits of two sympatric species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) throughout their distribution range: Are they context-dependent? Avalos, Adan Alberto; Ferrucci, María Silvia; Torretta, Juan Pablo Populations of widely distributed plants may experience varying climatic or ecological conditions, leading to uneven evolution of reproductive traits. However, studies on reproductive biology usually focus on just one, or rarely two, sampling areas. In this study, we performed a geographical comparative analysis of the flowering pattern, pollination biology and breeding system of Stigmaphyllon bonariense and S. jatrophifolium (Malpighiaceae) throughout their natural distribution in Argentina, classifying them as ‘northern’ or ‘southern’ according to their geographic location. For this, we selected 4 populations for S. bonariense and 3 for S. jatrophifolium to characterized the flowering peak at both the individual (IFP) and population (PFP) levels, the floral display per inflorescence, the richness of Malpighiaceae species and their pollinators, and the stigmatic and body pollen loads of the pollinators. In addition, we performed manipulative experiments to determine the breeding system. Our results showed that the duration of flowering phenology and the floral display vary between northern and southern populations of both species. These traits include flowering duration and the number of flowers at anthesis per inflorescence (floral display). In addition, the pollination context exhibited latitudinal differences in species richness, phenology, body size of oil-collecting bees, and visitation frequency. Besides, the number of co-flowering Malpighiaceae species varied among populations. However, no considerable differences were observed among populations in terms of stigmatic and body pollen load in pollinators of both species. The breeding system was invariable and consistent in both species with self-incompatibility (SI). These findings suggest that certain reproductive traits of both Stigmaphyllon species are context-dependent and would allow the species maximise reproductive success in each population. Therefore, our results demonstrate that large-scale geographical studies (i.e., several populations with different climatic conditions) and the analysis of various phenological traits are necessary to better understand the reproductive biology of plant species.

Consecuencias negativas de la organización androcéntrica de la política en varones parlamentarios de provincias con extensa trayectoria en leyes de paridad de género: El caso de Córdoba, Argentina; Negative consequences of the androcentric organization of politics in male parliamentarians from provinces with an extensive history of gender parity laws: The case of Córdoba, Argentina Francovich, Mila; Saletti, Lorena; Brussino, Silvina Alejandra El objetivo de la presente investigación fue explorar, desde la perspectiva de los parlamentarios varones, la existencia de cambios en la organización androcéntrica de la política en sistemas representativos con una larga trayectoria en la implementación de leyes de paridad de género, utilizando como caso de estudio la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina). Se llevaron a cabo 12 entrevistas con legisladores de diferentes partidos y se realizó un análisis temático con el software Atlas.ti. Los hallazgos indicaron que en sistemas políticos atravesados por leyes de paridad de género, existen variaciones en las experiencias masculinas en relación con la persistente organización androcéntrica de la política. Sin embargo, también se constató que, a pesar de identificar los efectos perjudiciales de dicha organización en sus vidas, los varones no modifican su comportamiento. Estos resultados sugieren que, aunque las leyes de paridad de género han facilitado avances significativos en la representación de mujeres en la esfera política institucional, no han logrado transformar la estructura organizacional diseñada para favorecer a los varones y perpetuar la desigualdad de género. Entre las limitaciones de este estudio se destaca su incapacidad para ser exhaustivo en la identificación y análisis de otras consecuencias negativas de la organización androcéntrica de la política que los parlamentarios varones puedan reconocer, así como en la comprensión de la variabilidad de la experiencia masculina frente a dicha organización tras la implementación de la ley de paridad de género.; The aim of this research was to explore, from the perspective of male parliamentarians, the existence of changes in the androcentric organization of politics in representative systems with a long history of implementing gender parity laws, using the province of Córdoba (Argentina) as a case study. Twelve interviews were conducted with legislators from different parties, and thematic analysis was performed using Atlas.ti software. The findings indicated that in political systems influenced by gender parity laws, there are variations in male experiences concerning the persistent androcentric organization of politics. However, it was also found that, despite identifying the detrimental effects of this organization in their lives, men do not change their behavior. These results suggest that although gender parity laws have facilitated significant advances in the representation of women in the institutional political sphere, they have not managed to transform the organizational structure designed to favor men and perpetuate gender inequality. Among the limitations of this study is its inability to be exhaustive in identifying and analyzing other negative consequences of the androcentric organization of politics that male parliamentarians may recognize, as well as in understanding the variability of male experiences in relation to this organization following the implementation of gender parity laws.

Lucrecia Martel, escribidora de cartas; Lucrecia Martel, letter writer; Lucrecia Martel, écrivaine prolifique de lettres Kratje, Julia En el cine de Lucrecia Martel, la literatura recibe un tratamiento acústico antes que visual, mientras que en sus cartas aparecen reverberaciones que provienen tanto del cine como de la literatura para abrirse paso como una cineasta implicada en el presente. Si la escritura cristaliza la palabra hablada y la imprenta termina de incrustarla en el espacio visual, tanto las películas como los discursos públicos de Martel, manifiestos en el género epistolar por excelencia, toman el camino inverso: las palabras no son arrancadas del arco sonoro, donde tuvieron su origen en el intercambio humano activo, para relegarlas al orden visual.; Dans le cinéma de Lucrecia Martel, la littérature reçoit un traitement acoustique plutôt que visuel, tandis que dans ses lettres apparaissent des réverbérations venues à la fois du cinéma et de la littérature pour se frayer un chemin en tant que cinéaste impliquée dans le présent. Si l’écriture cristallise la parole et que l’imprimerie finit de l’incruster dans l’espace visuel, les films de Martel comme les discours publics, manifestes dans le genre épistolaire par excellence, prennent le chemin inverse : les mots ne sont pas arrachés à l’arc sonore, où ils ont leur origine dans un échange humain actif, pour les reléguer à l’ordre visuel.; In Lucrecia Martel’s cinema, literature receives an acoustic treatment rather than a visual one, while in her letters reverberations appear to come from both cinema and literature to make her way as a filmmaker involved in the present. If writing crystallizes the spoken word and the printed press finishes embedding it in the visual space, both Martel’s films and public speeches, manifested in the epistolary genre par excellence, take the opposite path: the words are not torn from the sound sphere, where they had their origin in active human exchange, to relegate them to the visual order.

La Eucaristía en el Libro I del Pedagogo de Clemente de Alejandría; The Eucharist in Book I of the Pedagogue of Clement of Alexandria Druille, Paola Ivone El objetivo de nuestro estudio es analizar el pensamiento eucarístico presente en el Libro I del Pedagogo de Clemente de Alejandría a partir de tres problemáticas. En primer lugar, examinaremos los simbolismos proféticos arraigados en prefiguraciones del Antiguo Testamento, las cuales actúan como anticipaciones de la Eucaristía en el Nuevo Testamento. En segundo lugar, nos adentraremos en la noción de la Eucaristía como alimento espiritual, mostrando la conexión intrínseca entre la naturaleza divina, la humanidad encarnada de Cristo y el pneûma como el medio para el acceso al conocimiento de verdades teológicas. Por último, exploraremos interpretaciones adicionales relacionadas con las dos problemáticas anteriores. Estas interpretaciones buscan recuperar referencias de simbolismos anticipatorios y espirituales mediante un análisis de referencias bíblicas significativas.; The aim of our paper is to study the Eucharistic thought present in Book I of the Pedagogue of Clement of Alexandria based on three problems. First, we will examine the prophetic symbolism rooted in Old Testament prefigurations, whichact as anticipations of the Eucharist in the New Testament. Secondly, we will delvein to the notion of the Eucharist as spiritual food, showing the intrinsic connection between the divine nature, the incarnate humanity of Christ and the pneûma as the means to access the knowledge of theologicaltruths. Finally, wewill explore additional interpretations related to the two previous problems. These interpretations seek to recover references of anticipatory and spiritual symbolism through a careful analysis of significant biblical references.

Producción de textos argumentativos en educación secundaria de acuerdo con el desempeño en comprensión: una aproximación psicolingüística; Writing of argumentative texts in secondary education according to performance in reading comprehension: a psycholinguistic approach Chimenti, María de Los Ángeles; Abusamra, Valeria La lectura y la escritura son habilidades lingüísticas culturales fundamentales para el éxito académico. Si bien producir un texto es una actividad cognitivamente más costosa que comprenderlo, ambas actividades comparten componentes lingüísticos y cognitivos subyacentes. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si existen diferencias en las características de los textos argumentativos producidos por estudiantes de escuela secundaria de acuerdo con su desempeño en comprensión. Para ello, se evaluó a 59 estudiantes argentinos con una prueba de comprensión y otra de producción de textos argumentativos. Sobre la base de la primera, se identificó un subgrupo de alto y otro de bajo desempeño en comprensión. Mientras que el subgrupo de bajo desempeño en comprensión escribió sin considerar los aspectos retóricos involucrados en la consigna, el subgrupo de alto desempeño en comprensión produjo textos argumentativos que resultaron, en general, más adecuados y de mayor calidad. Estos hallazgos constituyen un aporte al estudio de los vínculos entre comprensión y producción de textos, un área insuficientemente desarrollada en la investigación en español. Además, pueden contribuir a la formulación de estrategias de enseñanza, en particular para estudiantes de escuela secundaria con dificultades.; Reading and writing are fundamental cultural language skills crucial for academic success. Although writing a text is cognitively more demanding than reading, both activities share underlying linguistic and cognitive components. This paper aims to determine whether differences exist in the characteristics of argumentative texts produced by secondary school students based on their reading comprehension performance. To this end, 59 Argentinean students were evaluated using a comprehension test and an argumentative text production test. Based on the comprehension test results, subgroups of high and low comprehension performance were identified. The low comprehension subgroup produced texts without considering the rhetorical aspects of the task, while the high comprehension subgroup wrote more adequate and higher quality argumentative texts. These findings contribute to the study of the relationship between comprehension and text production, an area insufficiently developed in Spanish research. Additionally, they may inform the development of teaching strategies, particularly for secondary school students facing difficulties.

El rol de los agentes del campo cultural en la custodia y producción de colecciones arqueológicas del Área de Ventania (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina); The role of agents in the cultural field in the custody and production of archaeological collections in the Ventania Area (Buenos Aires province, Argentina) Oliva, Camila Este trabajo investiga el impacto del coleccionismo arqueológico en el sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, específicamente en los municipios de Tornquist, Saavedra y Puan, ubicados en el área arqueológica de Ventania. La investigación analiza cómo los coleccionistas e investigadores aficionados han influido en la creación y desarrollo de museos locales, así como en la preservación del patrimonio arqueológico de comunidades cazadoras-recolectoras del Holoceno medio. La metodología incluyó estudios biográficos, entrevistas en profundidad con coleccionistas y aficionados, relevamiento de exposiciones museísticas y análisis de redes para entender las conexiones entre actores e instituciones. Los resultados destacan el papel fundamental de estos actores locales como custodios y difusores del patrimonio arqueológico, quienes, a través de sus colecciones y conocimientos, han contribuido significativamente a la preservación y divulgación de la historia regional, aunque fuera del ámbito académico formal. Este estudio aporta una perspectiva crítica sobre la gestión, conservación e investigación del patrimonio arqueológico local.

Imágenes tergiversadas: Plataformas digitales y colectivos artísticos erráticos; Distorted images: Digital platforms and erratic art collectives Martinelli, Lucas Sebastián El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los modos en los que en el campo de experimentación estético produce la posibilidad de impugnar los usos de los dispositivos tecnológicos y las nuevas formas de subjetividad vinculadas con las interacciones en las plataformas, para observar la posibilidad de subversión en las mismas. Las imágenes tergiversadas refieren al marco visual de las plataformas que aparecen en el arte como una forma de apelar al malestar de lo digital. Por eso este artículo comienza con un panorama del uso de los datos y las maneras contemporáneas de entender la relación entre las plataformas, las imágenes y los archivos digitales; para luego centrarse en cada uno de los casos a analizar. El video experimental y las prácticas del colectivo Suavecitxs Arf, la obra de danza Coreografías de la vergüenza con sus paratextos y la película El auge de lo humano 3 son tres propuestas artísticas muy distintas que tienen en común los rasgos de disconformidad con el mundo digital en el que cohabitan. A su vez, se trata de objetos paralelos a un conjunto de prácticas de intercambio entre colectivos artísticos que están en tránsito constante entre el mundo material y virtual.; The objective of this article is to reflect on the ways in which the field of aesthetic experimentation produces the possibility of contesting the uses of technological devices and the new forms of subjectivity linked to interactions on platforms, to observe the possibility of subversion. The distorted images refer to the visual framework of the platforms that appear in art as a way of appealing to the discomfort about the digital. That is why this article begins with an overview of the use of data and contemporary ways of understanding the relationship between platforms, images and digital files; and then focus on each of the cases to be analyzed. The experimental video and practices of the Suavecitxs Arf collective, the dance work Coreografías de la vergüenza with its paratexts and the film The Rise of the Human 3 are three very different artistic proposals that have in common the traits of disagreement with the digital world in the one they cohabit. At the same time, these are objects parallel to a set of exchange practices between artistic collectives that are in constant transit between the material and virtual world.

Alamandine, a protective component of the renin-angiotensin system, reduces cellular proliferation and interleukin-6 secretion in human macrophages through MasR–MrgDR heteromerization Rukavina Mikusic, Natalia Lucía; Silva, Mauro Gastón; Erra Diaz, Fernando Alberto; Pineda, Angélica M.; Ferragut, Fatima Eneida del Valle; Gomez, Karina Andrea; Mazzitelli, Luciana Romina; Gonzalez Maglio, Daniel Horacio; Nuñez, Myriam; Santos, Robson A.S.; Grecco, Hernan Edgardo; Gironacci, Mariela Mercedes Alamandine (ALA) exerts protective effects similar to angiotensin (Ang) (1-7) through Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor type D receptor (MrgDR) activation, distinct from Mas receptor (MasR). ALA induces anti-inflammatory effects in mice but its impact in human macrophages remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ALA in human macrophages. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were measured by ELISA in human THP-1 macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Consequences of MasR-MrgDR heteromerization were investigated in transfected HEK293T cells. ALA decreased IL-6 and IL-1β secretion in LPS-activated THP-1 macrophages. The ALA-induced decrease in IL-6 but not in IL-1β was prevented by MasR blockade and MasR downregulation, suggesting MasR-MrgDR interaction. In human monocyte-derived M1 macrophages, ALA decreased IL-1β secretion independently of MasR. MasR-MrgDR interaction was confirmed in THP-1 macrophages, human monocyte-derived macrophages, and transfected HEK293T cells. MasR and MrgDR formed a constitutive heteromer that was not influenced by ALA. ALA promoted Akt and ERK1/2 activation only in cells expressing MasR-MrgDR heteromers, and this effect was prevented by MasR blockade. While Ang-(1-7) reduced cellular proliferation in MasR -but not MrgDR- expressing cells, ALA antiproliferative effect was elicited in cells expressing MasR-MrgDR heteromers. ALA also induced an antiproliferative response in THP-1 cells and this effect was abolished by MasR blockade, reinforcing MasR-MrgDR interaction. MasR-MrgDR heteromerization is crucial for ALA-induced anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative responses in human macrophages. This study broaden our knowledge of the protective axis of the RAS, thus enabling novel therapeutic approaches in inflammatory-associated diseases.

Comment on De Rosa et al. Hearing Loss: Genetic Testing, Current Advances and the Situation in Latin America. Genes 2024, 15, 178 Elgoyhen, Ana Belen; Buonfiglio, Paula Inés; Dalamon, Viviana Karina The manuscript "Hearing Loss: Genetic Testing, Current Advances and the Situation in Latin America" by De Rosa et al. includes a comprehensive wealth of data that describe the state of the field in the Latin American region. A detailed demographic and economic landscape is presented, and provides insightful historical perspectives on key genetic advancements in hearing loss (HL) diagnosis. Nevertheless, the paper lacks important additional information concerning the current situation of genetic and genomic medicine in Latin American countries.

Engineering user-centered explanations to query answers in ontology-driven socio-technical systems Teze, Juan Carlos Lionel; Paredes, José Nicolás; Martinez, Maria Vanina; Simari, Gerardo The role of explanations in intelligent systems has in the last few years entered the spotlight as AI-based solutions appear in an ever-growing set of applications. Though data-driven (or machine learning) techniques are often used as examples of how opaque (also called black box) approaches can lead to problems such as bias and general lack of explainability and interpretability, in reality these features are difficult to tame in general, even for approaches that are based on tools typically considered to be more amenable, like knowledge-based formalisms. In this paper, we continue a line of research and development towards building tools that facilitate the implementation of explainable and interpretable hybrid intelligent socio-technical systems, focusing on features that users can leverage to build explanations to their queries. In particular, we present the implementation of a recently-proposed application framework (and make available its source code) for developing such systems, and explore user-centered mechanisms for building explanations based both on the kinds of explanations required (such as counterfactual, contextual, etc.) and the inputs used for building them (coming from various sources, such as the knowledge base and lower-level data-driven modules). In order to validate our approach, we develop two use cases, one as a running example for detecting hate speech in social platforms and the other as an extension that also contemplates cyberbullying scenarios.

Incidence of agroecological-based practices in urban vegetable gardens: effect on crop diversity and production levels de Paz, Manuel; Nabaes Jodar, Diego Nicolás; Ocariz, María Paula; Mantiñan, Camila; Raffo, Fernando; Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro Agroecological-based practices (ABPs) play a vital role in urban vegetable gardens,enhancing the quality of life. However, factors driving ABP implementation and theirimpact on crop production and diversity are not fully understood. Our study assessedthe influence of socio-economic and environmental characteristics on ABP adoption,crop diversity, and totalTotal weight vegetable production in San Carlos de Bariloche,Argentina. Through interviews and a multi-model inference approach, we found thatABP implementation is tied to gardener experience and formative assets (e.g.,horticultural experience, specific trainingcapacitation). Crop diversity, integral to ABP,is affected by farming practices and farmer characteristics (Farm animals, Pollinator-friendlyFriendly pollinator practices, Experience, Additional training andEnvironmental knowledge). The Totaltotal weight produced was primarily influencedby the type of garden, the gardener´s experience and some ABPs. Long-standingcommercial and community objectives, and the use of farm animals and commercialseed led to greater production. Strengthening key drivers, such as farmer training,through public policies (e.g., income generation, financing, specific training, landaccess) can bolster the role of urban gardens in providing a healthy environment andpromoting food sovereignty.

Wearable Device Dataset from Induced Stress and Structured Exercise Sessions This original dataset contains physiological signals collected during structured acute stress induction and aerobic and anaerobic exercise sessions using a wearable device. Blood volume pulse, motion-based activity, skin temperature, and electrodermal activity were recorded with the Empatica E4, a research-grade wearable. The stress induction protocol involved math and emotional tasks designed to provoke stress responses, interleaved with rest periods. Self-reported stress levels were also recorded during this procedure. For the exercise sessions, distinct routines on a stationary bike were created for aerobic and anaerobic activities. The dataset includes records from 36 healthy volunteers for stress sessions, 30 for aerobic exercise, and 31 for anaerobic exercise. By examining the variations in physiological signals, the effects of these activities can be analyzed. This dataset is a valuable resource for research on stress and exercise detection and classification.

Catastro de cavidades de la zona de Malargüe La información que contiene este cuadro fue publicada en un medio de circulación acotada por la Federación Argentina de espeleología (FAdE) con sede en Malargüe. Es posible que en algunas localizaciones existan errores de coordenadas. este registro es útil a los fines de conocer cuantitativamente las cavernas y aleros identificados en el departamento de Malargüe. En el artículo "Malargüe (Argentina): extractivismo y disputa por bienes comunes" se aborda de forma secundaria la relevancia de la espeleología en el sur mendocino y su estrecha relación con la circulación de agua.

Plataformas petroleras costa este río Grande I (Malargüe) Relevamiento por medio de la herramienta Argenmap (IGN) de las plataformas petroleras existentes en el este del río Grande (Malargüe). Se midieron el perímetro y superficie de las plataformas y sus correspondientes centroides. Se contabilizaron un total de 571 plataformas (puede haber un límite de error en el conteo).

Plataformas petroleras zona Cerro Fortunoso (Malargüe) Relevamiento efectuado usando la herramienta de Argenmap (IGN) para contabilizar y medir las plataformas petroleras en el área de Cerro Fortunoso (Malargüe) en cercanías del área protegida provincial de La Payunia. Esta información se triangula con trabajo de campo donde se obtuvieron entrevistas con habitantes que crecieron en las inmediaciones y fotografías de la infraestructura que es parte de la actividad hidrocarburífera. En este lugar se contabilizaron (puede haber un límite de error) 234 plataformas. Se identifico su centroide y se midieron las superficies y perímetros.

Competitive ability of three native grass species during establishment Scarfó, María Cecilia; Rodriguez, Dana Aylen; Milano, Clara; Loydi, Alejandro Weed resistance is highly desirable in seed used for restoration. Therefore, assessing the competitiveness of target species during germination and establishment stages would help to plan effective restoration projects. Our study aims to assess the impact of competition in seedling establishment, height, leaf number, and aerial biomass of three native perennial forage grasses with different seed sizes. We conducted a competition experiment under greenhouse conditions with three native species Nassella longiglumis, N. tenuis and Piptochaetium napostaense), and one exotic annual species (Avena barbata). Two competition levels were established (with and without A. barbata) and two seeding densities for the perennial species were defined (15 and 30 seeds per pot). Established seedlings, leaf number, height and aerial biomass were measured. Seedling establishment was affected by competition only for N. tenuis. For all three species, N. longiglumis, with the larger seed size, was the least affected by competition. Competition reduced seedling biomass for all three species, with N. longiglumis, with the larger seed size, being the least affected. Increasing seeding density has little effect on the aerial biomass of the weed.The co-occurrence of native perennial species and the annual species A. barbata severely reduces growth, therefore it is important to implement management practices to control annual exotic species and effectively restore grassland ecosystems.

Fumonisins in infant cereals marketed as complementary food in Argentina Cendoya, Eugenia; Nichea, Maria Julia; Romero Donato, Cindy Johana; Zachetti, Vanessa Gimena Lourdes; Monge, Maria del Pilar; Ramirez, Maria Laura Infant cereals are typically the first foods introduced as complementary foods. Cereals used to elaborate complementary foods, such as wheat, maize and rice, are susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. Among mycotoxins, fumonisins have been epidemiologically associated, in humans, with oesophageal cancer, neural tube defects and stunting. Fumonisins have been found in maize and wheat grains in Argentina. In the present study, a survey was conducted to determine their occurrence in 82 wheat-based and multicereal-based infant cereal items collected from retail stores in Rio Cuarto, Argentina, using HPLC-MS. Of these samples, 84% showed FBs contamination with levels ranging from 0.05 to 992 μg/kg). Although FB1 was the most prevalent fumonisin, FB2 was found at higher levels. Most samples had levels below the limit of 200 μg/kg set for Argentinean cereal products for children. The outcome of this survey provides information on the naturally presence of fumonisin in infant cereal intended for children in Argentina, which can be helpful to consider relevant monitoring programmes.

Agroecological Aptitude of the Northeast of Formosa (Argentinean Subtropical Region) for Banana Production Assessed by Multiple Factor Analysis del Médico, Ana Paula; Vitelleschi, María Susana; Lavalle, Andrea Lina; Tenaglia, Gerardo Carlos; Pratta, Guillermo Raúl Banana (Musa spp.) is an important crop in the economies of many developing countries. In the north of Argentina, a subtropical region, banana plants grow in a suboptimal environment that limits yield because only one harvest per year is achieved. The objective of this work was to characterize the agroecological aptitude of Formosa, Argentina, for banana production through the behavior of three varieties of international use: Williams, Jaffa and Grand Naine, evaluated over five consecutive years. The three-way data analysis technique called Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) was used for evaluating the varieties’ performances across cycles of production. The results allowed for inferring the existence of a genotype x environment interaction (GEI), corroborated by two-way factorial ANOVA. In order to determine how this suboptimal environment affected the development of each genotype of this perennial crop, Dual Multiple Factor Analysis (DMFA) was applied to jointly analyze the correlation structure between the traits that contributed to the performance of each variety in each year. The correlation structures between variables were different in each population and varied between years. All traits showed great variation between the years and genotypes, with the fruit peel thickness being the most discrepant throughout the years. However, Formosa appeared as a promising subtropical agroecological environment to produce banana because the varieties’ performances were acceptable for large-scale production systems. In addition to evaluating the adequate aptitude for cultivating banana in Formosa considering the significant effect of the GEIs, this research made a methodological contribution by proposing the use of three-way data analysis in Agronomy Science via MFA and DMFA.