Augusto e o mos maiorum no Carmen Saeculare de Horácio; August and the mos maiorum in Horatio’s Carmen Saeculare Martino, Luis Marcelo O Carmen Saeculare , composto por Horácio para a celebração dos ludi saeculares de 17 a. C., é um hino religioso e, também, uma poderosa ode cívica. O propósito de nosso trabalho é determinar a inserção do discurso moral tradicional ( mos maiorum ) e a representação de Augusto no Carmen . Através da análise, por um lado, das súplicas religiosas e bens requeridos aos deuses, e, de outro, do recurso à inclusão de divindades personificadas, constatamos, a modo de conclusão, que a figura do princeps emerge investida das virtudes tradicionais, presentes em seu programa político-ideológico.; The Carmen saeculare , composed by Horace for the celebration of the ludi saeculares in the 17 B. C., is a religious hymn and a powerful civic ode as well. The purpose of our work is to determine the insertion of the traditional moral discourse ( mos maiorum ) in the Carmen and the outline of August ́s image in reference to such discourse. Through the analysis of both the religious supplications and the goods requested, and the resource of including personified divinities we conclude that the figure of the princeps emerges invested with the traditional virtues present in his ideological- political program.

Maestros en relación: Río de la Plata (década de 1820); Teachers in Context: Río de la Plata (1820s) Bustamante Vismara, José Manuel Laureano Los trabajos de historia de la educación que atienden a la primera mitad del siglo XIX suelen estar encuadrados en recortes institucionales. Se detienen en apreciar los momentos fundacionales de las escuelas, reproducen las formulaciones que determinados gobiernos expresaron acerca del tema o transitan las obras que los pedagogos redactaron sobre la educación, pero pocos textos reconocen y analizan a quienes enseñaron y el contexto en que lo hicieron.Aquí el objeto de análisis son los maestros de escuelas de primeras letras, atendidos en vinculación a curas, funcionarios estatales, colegas, vecinos o padres. En torno a ellos, aspectos relacionales son destacados mediante el concepto de ?configuración escolar?. Tal es la perspectiva metodológica con la que se estudia lo ocurrido en la ciudad y la campaña de Buenos Aires en la década de 1820.; Research on the history of education in Argentina in the first half of the nineteenth century usually focuses on the institutional level. Most works examine the founding moments of schools or repeat what governments expressed on various issues, but few stop to acknowledge those who taught and the context in which they did it. In this article, school teachers are the object of analysis. Teachers are seen in relation to priests, state officials, colleagues, neighbors or parents, and their links are highlighted by means of the concept of “school configuration”. That is the methodological perspective employed to examine what happened in both the city and the countryside of Buenos Aires in the 1820s.

La esfera pública en los Principios de la Filosofía del Derecho de Hegel. Tensiones y mediaciones en la vida ética moderna; The public sphere in Hegel’s Elements of the Philosophy of Right. Tensions and mediations in modern ethical life Assalone, Eduardo Francisco En este artículo se exponen dos espacios de la esfera pública donde pueden ser percibidas con claridad las tensiones propias de la vida ética moderna según las entiende Hegel en los Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts. En primer lugar se expone la publicidad de la asamblea estamental, la cual tiene la función de mediar y superar las tensiones características de la esfera privada por medio de la representación política de los intereses particulares de la sociedad civil. En segundo lugar se analiza la ambivalente posición de Hegel con respecto a la opinión pública. Según el filósofo, el pueblo conoce sus intereses verdaderos solo por medio de la representación política. La publicidad de los debates parlamentarios es una condición necesaria para la formación del pueblo. Esta original concepción de la representación política anticipa desarrollos actuales de la teoría política y se distingue con claridad de las concepciones clásicas de la representación.; In this paper, we explain two dimensions of public sphere where the tensions of modern ethical life are clearly perceived, according to Hegel’s Grundlinien der Philo­sophie des Rechts. First, we present the public side of the states assembly, which has the function of mediating and overcoming the tensions characteristic of the private sphere by means of the political representation of particular interests of civil society. Second, we analyze Hegel’s ambivalent position regarding public opinion. According to Hegel, a people knows its true interests only through political representation. The publicity of the parliamentary debates is a necessary condition for the constitution of a people. This original perspective of political representation anticipates current political theories and clearly differentiates itself from classic understandings of representation.

Epidemiología descriptiva de las anomalías congénitas estructurales mayores en Argentina; Descriptive epidemiology of major structural congenital anomalies in Argentina Groisman, Boris; Bidondo, Maria Paz; Duarte, Santiago Pablo; Tardivo, Agostina; Barbero, Pablo Miguel; Liascovich, Rosa El objetivo del trabajo es presentar las frecuencias de anomalías congénitas (AC) estructuralesmayores obtenidas por la Red Nacional de Anomalías Congénitas de Argentina (RENAC) correspondientes al año 2016, como parte de sus actividades de vigilancia de salud pública de AC. La RENAC es unsistema de vigilancia de AC oficial, nacional y de base hospitalaria. La definición de caso corresponde a reciénnacidos con AC estructurales mayores, externas o internas, identificadas desde el nacimiento hasta el alta delhospital y detectadas en el examen físico, estudios complementarios, intervenciones o autopsia. Se incluyerontodos los recién nacidos vivos y los fetos muertos de 500 gramos o más. La prevalencia de AC al nacimiento secalculó como el cociente entre el número de recién nacidos vivos y fetos muertos con AC, y el número total derecién nacidos vivos y fetos muertos, en un período determinado. Según su presentación los casos con AC específicas fueron clasificados en aislados, múltiples y síndromes. La prevalencia al nacimiento de AC estructuralesmayores fue de 1.59% (Intervalo de confianza del 95%: 1.55-1.64). Las anomalías específicas más frecuentesfueron: fisuras labiopalatinas, gastrosquisis, hidrocefalia, talipes equinovarus, espina bífida, polidactilia postaxial,malformación anorrectal, hernia diafragmática, quistes renales y atresia de esófago. El síndrome más frecuentefue Down. Se estimaron los casos anuales esperados y la prevalencia de AC específicas seleccionadas. Engeneral, los datos de RENAC están dentro de los valores informados en la literatura.; The objective of the study is to present the frequency of congenital anomalies (CA) reported to the National Network of Congenital Anomalies of Argentina (RENAC) in the year 2016, as part of its monitoring activities. RENAC is an official, national and hospital-based surveillance system of CA. The case definition includes newborns with major structural CA, external or internal, identified from birth until hospital discharge and detected by physical examination, complementary studies, interventions or autopsy. All live newborns and stillbirths of 500 grams or more were included. The prevalence of CA at birth was calculated as the quotient between the number of live newborns and stillbirths with CA, and the total number of live newborns and stillbirths, for a given period. According to their presentation, the cases with specific CA were classified into isolated, multiple and syndromes. The prevalence at birth of major structural CA was 1.59% (95% confidence intervals 1.55-1.64). The most frequent specific anomalies were: cleft lip and palate, gastroschisis, hydrocephalus, talipes equinovarus, spina bifida, postaxial polydactyly, anorectal malformation, diaphragmatic hernia, renal cysts and esophageal atresia. The most frequent syndrome was Down´s. The expected annual cases and the prevalence of selected specific CA were estimated. RENAC data are within values reported in the literature.

SIRGAS: Reference frame in Latin America Cioce, Víctor; Martínez, Alex William; Mackern Oberti, María Virginia; Pérez, Roberto; de Freitas, Silvio SIRGAS is the geocentric reference system for the Americas, by definition it is identical to the ITRS and realice the regional densification of the ITRF in Latin America which consist of the highest precision GNSS network in the continent called SIRGAS-CON

¿La neurociencia educacional como espacio propio de la educación es posible?; Is educational neuroscience possible as a space of education itself? Bacigalupe, Maria de Los Angeles En este trabajo proponemos discutir la neurociencia educacional como espacio de la educación. Mediante el análisis y discusión bibliográfica indagamos las posibilidades de la neurociencia educacional en el contexto de su origen y actualmente y avanzamos hacia los desafíos a los que se enfrenta como disciplina propia del campo de la educación o como rama de la neurociencia cognitiva. Optamos por un mirada transdisciplinaria que desde la propia educación pueda colaborar en los temas que preocupan a la educación como institución social. Proponemos una mirada que incluya tanto al nivel individual como el nivel socialmente extendido, considerando que el aprendizaje, como comportamiento humano que constituye un problema educacional, se da en interacción con el medio. Plateamos cuestiones presentes en la agenda interdisciplinaria de la neurociencia educacional y discutimos conceptos clave como neuromito, epigenética, privación psicosocial y periodo crítico. Proponemos que, concebida como espacio educacional transdisciplinario con funciones de traslación y ciencia básica, la neurociencia educacional, en diálogo con otras disciplinas, puedo conducir a que la diversidad no sea un concepto teórico sino que se refleje en cada ser humano, en su potencialidad y originalidad, buscando el desarrollo pleno de las personas en relación armoniosa con su medioambiente de vida.; In the present article we propose to discuss educational neuroscience as a segment of education. We have analysed educational neuroscience from its origins to the present, as a branch of education sciences. We have chosen a transdisciplinary approach which views learning from an individual to a social perspective. In it, we have discussed key concepts such as neuromyth, epigenetics, psychological deprivation and critic period.

Telma Reca en la gestión estatal de la sanidad argentina (1930-1948); Telma Reca, an Argentine physician in the state (1930-1948) Ramacciotti, Karina Este artículo aporta nuevos datos sobre la médica argentina Telma Reca (1904-1979), particularmente en relación con su inserción en ámbitos académicos y en la gestión estatal a partir de los años treinta del siglo XX. Nos focalizaremos en su trayectoria profesional desde que obtuvo su doctorado en la Universidad de Buenos Aires (1932) hasta que se retiró de la División de Maternidad e Infancia del Departamento Nacional de Higiene en 1948. Durante ese período aplicó en la gestión estatal sus investigaciones sobre el estudio de las condiciones sociales de la delincuencia juvenil y de la educación. Su perspectiva crítica, lejos de implementar medidas punitivas generadoras de una mayor exclusión social, buscó la integración de los menores en la comunidad por medio de políticas educativas y sanitarias.; This article will reconstruct the biography of the Argentine physician Telma Reca (1904-1979) who managed to get involved in academic fields and the state administration in the 30´s. We will address ourselves to tracking her professional career from her PhD degree in Medicine (1932) until her withdrawal from the División de Maternidad e Infancia del Departamento Nacional de Higiene (Maternity and Childhood Division of the National Hygiene Department) in 1948. During this period, she focused her research on the study of the social conditions of juvenile delinquency on the public administration. With a critical eye, far from social exclusion and punitive measures, she managed to promote social integration through health and education policies.

Advanced atomistic models for radiation damage in Fe-based alloys: Contributions and future perspectives from artificial neural networks Castin, Nicolas; Pascuet, Maria Ines Magdalena; Messina, L.; Domain, C.; Olsson, P.; Pasianot, Roberto Cesar; Malerba, L. Machine learning, and more specifically artificial neural networks (ANN), are powerful and flexible numerical tools that can lead to significant improvements in many materials modelling techniques. This paper provides a review of the efforts made so far to describe the effects of irradiation in Fe-based and W-based alloys, in a multiscale modelling framework. ANN were successfully used as innovative parametrization tools in these models, thereby greatly enhancing their physical accuracy and capability to accomplish increasingly challenging goals. In the provided examples, the main goal of ANN is to predict how the chemical complexity of local atomic configurations, and/or specific strain fields, influence the activation energy of selected thermally-activated events. This is most often a more efficient approach with respect to previous computationally heavy methods. In a future perspective, similar schemes can be potentially used to calculate other quantities than activation energies. They can thus transfer atomic-scale properties to higher-scale simulations, providing a proper bridging across scales, and hence contributing to the achievement of accurate and reliable multiscale models.

¿Liberales o proteccionistas?: Estrategias económicas contrapuestas en la cadena automotriz argentina en las décadas del 60 y 70.; ¿Liberals or protectionists?. Opposite economic strategies in Argentina automotive chain in the 60s and 70s Bil, Damián Andrés; Harari, Ianina; Sanz Cerbino, Gonzalo Sebastian Con el objetivo de comprender las estrategias de la clase capitalista en el país, proponemos aquí analizar la posición de los industriales del sector automotriz frente a la crisis orgánica de la sociedad argentina durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970. Es decir, estudiar las posturas asumidas por los empresarios y las corporaciones representativas de la actividad ante las diferentes coyunturas específicas de esos años, y en segundo término los conflictos dentro de la cadena asociados a esas circunstancias. Buscamos discutir la idea común en la historiografía, que sostiene que los capitales más concentrados defendieron un programa aperturista asociado a intereses extranjeros y de los sectores primarios, mostrando cómo los reclamos de las terminales automotrices de origen extranjero se inscriben en una estrategia que denominamos "liberal-desarrollista", pasada por alto en gran parte de los estudios sobre el particular.Utilizamos para alcanzar el objetivo información empresaria (Memorias y Balances contables, boletines), documentación de cámaras de industria, publicaciones periódicas especializadas, y aportes de otros investigadores.; In order to understand the strategies of the capitalist class in the country, we propose to analyze the position of automobile sector manufacturers to deal with the organic crisis of Argentine society during the 1960s and 1970s. In other words, we suggest studying the positions taken by businessmen and corporations in reponse to specific situations in those years. Then, we study the conflicts within the chain associated with those circumstances. We seek to discuss the common idea along historiography, which holds that the concentrated capital stood behind an open market program associated with foreign interests and primary sectors. We analyze how the demands of foreign automobile makers in Argentina are part of a “liberal - developmentlist” strategy, overlooked in most of the studies on the subject. To achieve the objective, we used business information (Reports and balance sheets, newsletters), documents of industry chambers, journals, and contributions from other researchers.

Abriendo la «caja negra» del aula de ciencias: un estudio sobre la relación entre las prácticas de enseñanza sobre el cuerpo humano y las capacidades de pensamiento que se promueven en los alumnos de séptimo grado; Opening the «black box» of the science classroom: A study on the relationship between teaching practices on the topic of the Human Body and the thinking skills promoted in 7th grade students Furman, Melina Gabriela; Luzuriaga, Mariana; Taylor, Inés; Anauati, María Victoria; Podestá, María Eugenia Comprender los bajos desempeños de los alumnos argentinos en las evaluaciones de ciencias implica abrir la «caja negra» del aula para analizar las prácticas de enseñanza. Se realizó un estudio cuanti-cualitativo en una muestra representativa de 36 cursos de séptimo grado (alumnos de entre 12 y 13 años) de 19 escuelas estatales de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se analizó el tiempo dedicado al área y los tiposde actividades propuestas por los docentes a partir de los cuadernos de clase de los alumnos y se evaluó a todos los estudiantes (574). Observamos que en promedio se dictan 1,75 horas de clase semanales de ciencias, frente a las 4 estipuladas, y que el 81 % de las actividades promueven capacidades de pensamiento deorden inferior. Más tiempo de enseñanza y de actividades de orden superior correlacionan positivamente con el rendimiento de los alumnos en la prueba (r = 0,66 p < 0,05 y r = 0,5 p < 0,05, respectivamente).; Explaining low student achievement in Science requires opening the «black box» of the classroom to understand teaching practices. This mixed methods study on science teaching was conducted in a representative sample of 36 7th grade classes (students between 12 and 13 years old) from 19 state schools in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. All students (n = 574) were evaluated to understand the relationship between teaching practices and learning outcomes. Using student workbooks, we found that teachers taught an average of 1.75 hours of science lessons per week, versus the 4 hours specified by local guidelines, and that 81% of teaching activities promote lower order thinking skills (such as recalling and reproducing facts). This is worrying as increasing teaching time and higher order activities correlate positively with student learning outcomes (r = 0.66 p < 0.05 and r = 0.5 p < 0.05 respectively).

Revisiting entanglement within the Bohmian approach to quantum mechanics Zander, Claudia; Plastino, Ángel Ricardo We revisit the concept of entanglement within the Bohmian approach to quantum mechanics. Inspired by Bohmian dynamics, we introduce two partial measures for the amount of entanglement corresponding to a pure state of a pair of quantum particles. One of these measures is associated with the statistical correlations exhibited by the joint probability density of the two Bohmian particles in configuration space. The other partial measure corresponds to the correlations associated with the phase of the joint wave function, and describes the non-separability of the Bohmian velocity field. The sum of these two components is equal to the total entanglement of the joint quantum state, as measured by the linear entropy of the single-particle reduced density matrix.

Detection of magnetic moment in thin films with a home-made vibrating sample magnetometer Jordán, D.; González Chávez, D.; Laura, D.; Leon Hilario, Ludwin Misael; Monteblanco, E.; Gutarra Espinoza, Abel; Aviles Felix, Luis Steven This paper explores the optimization of an array of pick-up coils in a home-made vibrating sample magnetometer for the detection of magnetic moment in thin films. Sensitivity function of a 4-coils Mallinson configuration was numerically studied for the determination of the physical dimensions that enhance the sensitivity of the magnetometer. By performing numerical simulations using the Biot-Savart law combined with the principle of reciprocity we were able to determine the maximum values of sensitivity and the influence of the separation of the coils on the sensitivity function. After the optimization of the pick-up coils, the vibrating sample magnetometer was able to detect the magnetic moment of a 100 nm-thickness Fe19Ni81 magnetic thin film along and perpendicular to the in-plane anisotropy easy axis. The implemented vibrating sample magnetometer is able to detect changes in the magnetic moment of ∼2 × 10-4 emu.

Brucella abortus traverses brain microvascular endothelial cells using infected monocytes as a Trojan horse Miraglia, Maria Cruz; Rodríguez, Ana María; Barrionuevo, Paula; Rodríguez, Julia; Kim, Kwang S.; Dennis, Vida A.; Delpino, María Victoria; Giambartolomei, Guillermo Hernan Neurobrucellosis is an inflammatory disease caused by the invasion of Brucella spp. to the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of the disease is not well characterized; however, for Brucella to gain access to the brain parenchyma, traversing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) must take place. To understand the CNS determinants of the pathogenesis of B. abortus, we have used the in vitro BBB model of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) to study the interactions between B. abortus and brain endothelial cells. In this study, we showed that B. abortus is able to adhere and invade HBMEC which was dependent on microtubules, microfilaments, endosome acidification and de novo protein synthesis. After infection, B. abortus rapidly escapes the endosomal compartment of HBMEC and forms a replicative Brucella-containing vacuole that involves interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum. Despite the ability of B. abortus to invade and replicate in HBMEC, the bacterium was unable by itself to traverse HBMEC, but could traverse polarized HBMEC monolayers within infected monocytes. Importantly, infected monocytes that traversed the HBMEC monolayer were a bacterial source for de novo infection of glial cells. This is the first demonstration of the mechanism whereby B. abortus is able to traverse the BBB and infect cells of the CNS. These results may have important implications in our understanding of the pathogenesis of neurobrucellosis.

The interfacial electrostatic potential modulates the insertion of cell-penetrating peptides into lipid bilayers Via, Matías Alejandro; Klug, Joaquín; Wilke, Natalia; Mayorga, Luis Segundo; del Popolo, Mario Gabriel Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) are short sequences of cationic amino-acids that show a surprising ability to traverse lipid bilayers. CPP are considered to be some of the most effective vectors to introduce membrane-impermeable cargos into cells, but the molecular basis of the membrane translocation mechanisms and its dependence on relevant membrane physicochemical properties have yet to be fully determined. In this paper we resort to Molecular Dynamics simulations and experiments to investigate how the electrostatic potential across the lipid/water interface affects the insertion of hydrophilic and amphipathic CPP into two-dimensional lipid structures. Simulations are used to quantify the effect of the transmembrane potential on the free-energy profile associated with the transfer of the CPP across a neutral lipid bilayer. It is found that the electrostatic bias has a relatively small effect on the binding of the peptides to the membrane surface, but that it significantly lowers the permeation barrier. A charge compensation mechanism, arising from the segregation of counter-ions while the peptide traverses the membrane, determines the shape and symmetry of the free-energy curves and underlines relevant mechanistic considerations. Langmuir monolayer experiments performed with a variety of amphiphiles model the incorporation of the CPP into the external membrane leaflet. It is shown that the dipole potential of the monolayer controls the extent of penetration of the CPP into the lipid aggregate, to a greater degree than its surface charge.

Biomechanical evidence suggests extensive eggshell thinning during incubation in the Sanagasta titanosaur dinosaurs Hechenleitner, Esteban Martín; Taborda, Jeremías Ramón Alejandro; Fiorelli, Lucas Ernesto; Grellet-Tinner, Gerald; Núñez Campero, Segundo Ricardo The reproduction of titanosaur dinosaurs is still a complex and debated topic. Their Late Cretaceous nesting sites are distributed worldwide and their eggs display substantial morphological variations according to the parent species. In contrast to the typical 1.3-2.0 mm thick shells common to eggs of most titanosaur species (e.g., those that nested in Auca Mahuevo, Tama, Toteşti or Boseong), the Cretaceous Sanagasta eggs of Argentina display an unusual shell thickness of up to 7.9 mm. Their oviposition was synchronous with a palaeogeothermal process, leading to the hypothesis that their extra thick eggshell was an adaptation to this particular nesting environment. Although this hypothesis has already been supported indirectly through several investigations, the mechanical implications of developing such thick shells and how this might have affected the success of hatching remains untested. Finite element analyses estimate that the breaking point of the thick-shelled Sanagasta eggs is 14-45 times higher than for other smaller and equally sized titanosaur eggs. The considerable energetic disadvantage for piping through these thick eggshells suggests that their dissolution during incubation would have been paramount for a successful hatching.

Negritud afroargentina en la literatura regionalista folklórica de Draghi Lucero. Esclavos y Mandingas en Las mil y una noches argentinas Morales, Orlando Gabriel Este artículo examina las representaciones de la negritud afroargentina en "Las mil y una noches argentinas" (Draghi Lucero, 1940), una obra referente y destacada de la literatura regionalista de inspiración folklórica de Cuyo, del período 1930-1940, que contribuyó a configurar una identidad cuyana. El trabajo contextualiza "Las mil y una noches argentinas" en la trayectoria de Juan Draghi Lucero en las disciplinas del folklore, la historia y la literatura, y pone en diálogo su obra literaria con el criollismo, el nacionalismo y regionalismo cultural de fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX. El análisis expone una narrativa que asume un mesticismo, un folklore y una cultura popular cuyana con énfasis en el aporte precolombino y español, excluyente del elemento africano. También que reproduce ideas comunes de intelectuales argentinos sobre la esclavitud y los africanos esclavizados. Respecto a esto, se identifican dos asociaciones que concatenadas contribuyen a la premisa de la desaparición de los negros argentinos en el siglo XIX: una, entre esclavitud y negros africanos, situados éstos en la sociedad colonial y concebidos como sujetos pasivos beneficiados por relaciones recíprocas de fidelidad/solidaridad con los amos; y otra, menos evidente y más alegórica, entre el fin de la esclavitud o la obtención de la libertad de los esclavos y la desaparición física de los negros. Asimismo, la narrativa apela a estereotipos sociales como la identificación de los negros argentinos con el federalismo y mitos tradicionales de la cultura occidental como la representación del diablo como un hombre negro.; This article examines the representations of Afro-Argentinean negritude in Las mil y una noches argentinas (Draghi Lucero, 1940), a reference and outstanding work of Cuyo's folkloric-inspired regionalist literature, from the 1930-1940 period, which contributed to postulate an Cuyana identity cuyana. The work contextualizes Las mil y una noches argentinas in the career of Juan Draghi Lucero in the disciplines of folklore, history and literature, and puts his literary work in dialogue with the criollismo and nationalism and cultural regionalism of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth. The analysis exposes a narrative that assumes a mesticismo, a folklore and a Cuyo popular culture with emphasis on the pre-Columbian and Spanish contribution and excluding the African element. It also reproduces common ideas of Argentine intellectuals about slavery and enslaved Africans. Regarding this, two associations are identified that concatenated contribute to the premise of the disappearance of Argentine blacks in the nineteenth century: one, between slavery and African blacks, located in colonial society and conceived as passive subjects benefited by reciprocal relations of fidelity / solidarity with the masters; and another, less evident and more allegorical, between the end of slavery or the obtaining of the freedom of the slaves and the physical disappearance of the blacks. Likewise, the narrative appeals to social stereotypes such as the identification of Argentine blacks with federalism and traditional myths of Western culture as the representation of the Devil as a dark man.

A New Species Endemic to the Atacama Region of Chile: Eryngium crassifolium (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae) Padin, Ariana Lucía; Calviño, Carolina Isabel This study reports a new species of Eryngium (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae) from the desert scrubs, in the south of the III Atacama Region, Chile. This new species is singular within the genus by its succulency in vegetative and reproductive leaves.Weprovide a morphological description, the geographical distribution, habitat, informal IUCN conservation status assessment, and illustrations of this new species. We also describe the anatomical and morphological differences between Eryngium crassifolium and E. macracanthum, its most similar species.

Obstáculos de aprendizaje en niños de 10-12 años sobre el tema sistema circulatorio humano: una propuesta teórica en base a evidencias; Learning obstacles in children aged 10-12 years on the subject of human circulatory system: a theoretical proposal based on evidence Galagovsky, Lydia Raquel; Edelsztein, Valeria Carolina Este trabajo se centra en la investigación sobre posibles orígenes para los errores de aprendizaje detectados en estudiantes de 5to y 6to grado de escuela primaria (10-12 años), frente al tema sistema circulatorio humano. A partir de evidencias que provienen de las respuestas de los niños frente a un cuestionario, se presenta una propuesta de procesos cognitivos involucrados en el aprendizaje en función del marco teórico del Sistema de Procesamiento de la Información. Finalmente, se propone una categorización de Obstáculos Epistemológicos de Aprendizaje (OEA) que se derivan del análisis de casos de aprendizajes erróneos sobre el tema en cuestión. La importancia de detectar tempranamente dificultades de aprendizaje sería llegar a evitar que se afiancen los errores generados durante el procesamiento inicial de la información que se debe aprender.; This paper focuses on the investigation of possible origins of learning errors detected in fifth and sixth grade primary school students (10-12 years), in relation to the human circulatory system. Based on the evidence that comes from the analysis of the children’s responses to a questionnaire, a theoretical proposal about cognitive processes involved in acquisition of new learning is presented. These cognitive processes are based on the framework of Information Processing Theory. A categorization of Epistemological Learning Obstacles (ELO) is also presented based on the analysis of cases of learning errors. Early detection of learning obstacles has an impact in avoiding the fixation of mistakes that could have appeared during initial stages of the learning process.

Hormones and monensin use to improve pregnancy rates in grazing lactating beef cows in the semiarid region of Argentina Reineri, Pablo Sebastian; Piccardi, Mónica Belén; Arroquy, Jose Ignacio; Fumagalli, Arnaldo Enrique; Coria, Maria Sumampa; Hernandez, Olegario; Bo, Gabriel Amilcar; Palma, Gustavo Adolfo The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the effect of monensin treatment, alone or combined with a hormonal estrus synchronization treatment, on the pregnancy rate of lactating beef cows, and 2) to evaluate the effect of monensin capsule administration on ruminal metabolism in steers. In experiment 1, ninety-four cows were selected from a 300 cow herd. The experimental design used was a 2 × 2 factorial with the administration of monensin capsule as first factor (M1 = with monensin vs. M0 = without monensin) and hormonal treatment as second factor (H1 = with hormonal treatment vs. H0 = no hormonal treatment). Thirty-eight days before the beginning of the breeding season, cows were randomly assigned to the first factor, and thirty days later to the second factor, resulting in four treatments: M1H0, M1H1, M0H0 and M0H1. Cow were exposed to bull (bull/cow ratio 1:20) from day 0 (day 0 = start of the breeding season and 38 days after monensin capsule administration) to day 50. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at 30, 60 and 80 days after start breeding season by ultrasonography. In experiment 2, eight ruminally cannulated crossbred beef steers were randomly assigned to two treatments (M1 and M0). To determine proportion of volatile fatty acids (VFA), ruminal fluid samples were taken on days 0, 40 and 77 of the experimental period, at 0, 4 and 12 h after grazing. In experiment 1, treatments whit monensin did not improve pregnancy rate (P = 0.95), however, hormonal treatment resulted in grater pregnancy rates (P = 0.03). In experiment 2, the proportion of VFA in ruminal fluid of steers was significantly different between treatments. The highest proportion of propionate was found in ruminal fluid from M1 treatment at 12 h after grazing (P = 0.04). In conclusion, the treatment with monensin increased the proportion of propionate. The result might suggest that energy balance was improved in steers, without improvement in cow's pregnancy rates. Treatment with monensin alone did not improve pregnancy rate, nor did treatment with monensin enhance the pregnancy rate when a hormonal synchronisation treatment was given. Nevertheless, the use of a hormonal treatment increased pregnancy rate, suggesting that it could be used as a suitable tool to enhance the productivity in cows with marginal body condition score.

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE HEMAGGLUTINATING ACTIVITY OF SEED EXTRACTS OF THE AMARANTH GENUS Dandeu, Leonardo Néstor Rubén; Repollo, Rodolfo; Oyhenart, Jorge; Ramirez, Maria Rosana In this study, seed extracts of cultivated Amaranthus species were tested for haemagglutinating activity. The extracts were prepared from the seeds of 7 Amaranthus cultivars and analyzed against samples from human, rat and dog erythrocytes. To detect haemoagglutination, 5% suspensions of human blood samples of the types A, B and O were prepared. The presence of polyphenols and saponins were determined in the extracts, yielding positive results for polyphenolics compounds. In order to characterize the proteins present in the amaranth extracts, the protein gel electrophoresis technique was applied. All extracts analyzed showed protein activity, and similar protein profile. The extracts reacted strongly with red blood cells (RBCs) from human ABO blood groups. It also reacted with rat and dog RBCs. The hemagglutinating activity was exhibited by the all extracts and the precipitated lectins from all species tested, however, hemolytic activity was not observed. The results obtained from the Amaranthus extracts indicate that it is non-specific for glycosylated antigens of the ABO system. The findings provide essential information for their use as potential hemoclasification reagents in the immunohematology laboratory.