Germination response of Salsola schweinfurthii (Chenopodiaceae) to salinity and winged perianth removal Bhatt, A.; Pérez García, F.; Carón, María Mercedes; Gallacher, D. Salsola schweinfurthii is a perennial branched halophytic shrub that inhabits arid environments in and around the Arabian Peninsula. Its tolerance to extreme drought renders it suitable for urban arid landscaping. Germinability of intact and de-winged seeds (winged perianth removed) was determined under two photoperiods (0 and 12 hours light per day), three thermoperiods (daily low/high of 15/25, 20/30 and 25/35°C) and five salinity levels (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mM NaCl). Germination was maximised (93%) by de-winging and incubation in 12 hours light at 25/35°C. Intact and de-winged seeds both exhibited positive photoblastism. Germination of intact seeds was entirely prevented by the lowest level of salinity, and only slightly less prevented in de-winged seeds. Ability to germinate returned after saline solution was replaced with distilled water. The ability for S. schweinfurthii seeds to remain viable through a temporary period of salinity indicates an adaptation to unpredictable soil surface conditions in arid environments. Artificial propagation rates might be increased by removing perianths and sowing before or after mid-winter.

The herbicide glyphosate is a weak inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase in rats Larsen, Karen Elizabeth; Lifschitz, Adrian Luis; Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo; Virkel, Guillermo Leon The current work evaluated the inhibitory potency of the herbicide glyphosate (GLP) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in male and female rat tissues. The AChE activity in brain was higher (p < 0.05) than those observed in kidney (females: 2.2-fold; males: 1.9-fold), liver (females: 6-fold; males: 6.9-fold) and plasma (females: 14.7-fold; males: 25.3-fold). Enzyme activities were higher in presence of 10 mM GLP compared to those measured at an equimolar concentration of the potent AChE inhibitor dichlorvos (DDVP). Moreover, IC50s for GLP resulted between 6 × 104- and 6.8 × 105-fold higher than those observed for DDVP. In conclusion, GLP is a weak inhibitor of AChE in rats.

La obra testimonial de Pascual Coña: Arte verbal, documentación lingüística y cultural, luchas metadiscursivas; Pascual Coña’s testimonial work: Verbal art, linguistic and cultural documentation, metadiscursive struggles Golluscio, Lucia Angela Texto cultural construido sobre la base de acentos sociales profundamente en pugna, la obra testimonial de Pascual Coña ha interpelado a distintas generaciones de lectores-destinatarios y lo sigue haciendo, requiriendo de cada uno de ellos —y de nosotros— una toma de posición, una interpretación que estará siempre históricamente situada. A la luz de otras lecturas, este artículo examina los distintos posicionamientos del protagonista en tres contextos diferentes, aunque relacionados: la situación de producción discursiva, los nütram ‘historias’ narrados por Coña y el circuito de la obra publicada. Desde una perspectiva que reconoce en esta obra la interacción de múltiples voces, el análisis incorpora la noción de zona de contacto, entendida como «el espacio social en que pueblos geográfica e históricamente separados entran en contacto y establecen relaciones duraderas basadas en la coerción, la inequidad y el conflicto» (Pratt, 1997). Se concluye que la obra de Coña, por un lado, logra subvertir desde el «no poder» el rol de autor que Moesbach se (auto)adjudica en la primera edición y, por otro, cobra su sentido más profundo en el marco de la saga de discursos circulantes en el área sobre los destinos trágicos sufridos por destacados longko mapuches a ambos lados de los Andes, luego de la derrota.; As a cultural text based on deeply conflicted social accents, Pascual Coña’s testimonial work continues to question different generations of readers-addresses, asking each of them —and us— to take a position, to make an interpretation of the events and the participants which would always be historically located. In the light of other previous and contemporary readings, this article examines Coña’s diverse and even opposite footings across time in three dissimilar though related contexts: discourse production, the nütram ‘stories’ included in the book, and the circulation contexts for the published work. From a perspective that distinguishes in this work the interaction of multiple voices, the analysis incorporates the notion of contact zone, understood as the social space in which geographically and historically separated peoples come into contact and establish lasting relations based on coercion, inequality, and conflict (Pratt, 1992). It concludes that Pascual Coña’s work, on the one hand, manages to subvert the «author» role that Moesbach allocated to himself in the first edition and, on the other, it also gains profound sense within the framework of the saga of narratives circulating in the area about the tragic fates of leading Mapuche longko on both sides of the Andes after their defeat.

Characterization of the interaction between the HIV-1 Gag structural polyprotein and the cellular ribosomal protein L7 and its implication in viral nucleic acid remodeling El Mekdad, Hala; Boutant, Emmanuel; Karnib, Hassan; Biedma, Marina Elizabeth; Sharma, Kamal Kant; Malytska, Iuliia; Laumond, Géraldine; Roy, Marion; Réal, Eléonore; Paillart, Jean Christophe; Moog, Christiane; Darlix, Jean Luc; Mély, Yves; de Rocquigny, Hugues Background: In HIV-1 infected cells, the integrated viral DNA is transcribed by the host cell machinery to generate the full length HIV-1 RNA (FL RNA) that serves as mRNA encoding for the Gag and GagPol precursors. Virion formation is orchestrated by Gag, and the current view is that a specific interaction between newly made Gag molecules and FL RNA initiates the process. This in turn would cause FL RNA dimerization by the NC domain of Gag (GagNC). However the RNA chaperoning activity of unprocessed Gag is low as compared to the mature NC protein. This prompted us to search for GagNC co-factors. Results: Here we report that RPL7, a major ribosomal protein involved in translation regulation, is a partner of Gag via its interaction with the NC domain. This interaction is mediated by the NC zinc fingers and the N- and C-termini of RPL7, respectively, but seems independent of RNA binding, Gag oligomerization and its interaction with the plasma membrane. Interestingly, RPL7 is shown for the first time to exhibit a potent DNA/RNA chaperone activity higher than that of Gag. In addition, Gag and RPL7 can function in concert to drive rapid nucleic acid hybridization. Conclusions: Our results show that GagNC interacts with the ribosomal protein RPL7 endowed with nucleic acid chaperone activity, favoring the notion that RPL7 could be a Gag helper chaperoning factor possibly contributing to the start of Gag assembly.

Las trayectorias furtivas: tránsitos posibles de la escolarización; Furtive paths: Transits possible schooling Martínez, Darío Gabriel Las preocupaciones por las trayectorias educativas de hombres y mujeres de la educación de jóvenes y adultos pueden otorgar lineamientos acerca de la especificidad de estos ámbitos, como también de los sentidos que le asigna lo educativo en el interior de una dinámica institucional. Recorrer este plano de análisis brindará aproximaciones en torno de los sentidos asignados a la escolarización por parte de aquellos sectores sociales que fueron desplazados —por diversos motivos— de un contacto estable con determinadas instituciones educativas. Por ello, aquí se examinarán las características más recurrentes de las trayectorias educativas relevadas, en una articulación con aquellos rasgos biográficos que hilvanó la relación establecida con las instituciones. Este es un modo de interrogarse que favorecerá inquietudes sobre los motivos de un determinado modo de transitar un camino posible de la escolarización. También se analizarán las cuestiones que alumnos y alumnas identifican como los atributos específicos que diferencian al ámbito educativo al que concurren de aquel que asistían en otro momento de sus vidas.; Being concerned about the educational paths of youngs, adults, men or women may provide us with guidelines about the specificity of these areas. In addition, we can find which senses are made about these processes that are assigned to the interior of the institutional dynamics. This level of analysis will provide us an approach to the senses assigned to the schooling process by those social sectors that were displaced — for different reasons— from being in regular contact with certain educational institutions. Therefore, the most frequent characteristics of educational trajectories will be analyzed in here, in connection with the biographical traits that were surveyed and the established relationship with the institutions. In this is way, we can find different concerns that people have about passing through a possible schooling process. Similarly, distinguishing features that differentiate their current learning environment from the ones they experienced some time ago will be also analyzed.

Platelets: New bricks in the building of neutrophil extracellular traps Carestia, Agostina; Kaufman, Tomás; Schattner, Mirta Ana In addition to being key elements in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets have an important role in the inflammatory and innate immune response. This activity is associated with their capability to recognize pathogens through the expression of toll-like receptors, the secretion of various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors stored within their granules, and the expression of cell adhesion molecules that allows interaction with other immune cells, mainly neutrophils and monocytes. As part of the first line of defense, neutrophils control invading pathogens by phagocytosis, the release of antimicrobial proteins during degranulation, or through the formation of web-like structures named neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are formed by chromatin, proteases, and antimicrobial proteins, and their main function is to trap and kill bacteria, virus, and fungi, avoiding their dissemination. Besides microorganisms, NET formation is also triggered by proinflammatory molecules and platelets. The uncontrolled formation of NETs might exert tissue damage and has been involved in a pathogenic mechanism of autoimmune and prothrombotic clinical conditions. In this review, we discuss the role of platelets in NET generation highlighting the mediators, stimuli, and molecular mechanisms involved in this phenomenon, both in human and murine models.

Enhancement by GOSPEL protein of GAPDH aggregation induced by nitric oxide donor and its inhibition by NAD+ Gonzalez, María C.; Romero, Jorge Miguel; Ingaramo, María Clara; Muñoz Sosa, Christian Javier; Curtino, Juan Agustin; Carrizo Garcia, Maria Elena Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase's (GAPDH's) competitor of Siah Protein Enhances Life (GOSPEL) is the protein that competes with Siah1 for binding to GAPDH under NO-induced stress conditions preventing Siah1-bound GAPDH nuclear translocation and subsequent apoptosis. Under these conditions, GAPDH may also form amyloid-like aggregates proposed to be involved in cell death. Here, we report the in vitro enhancement by GOSPEL of NO-induced GAPDH aggregation resulting in the formation GOSPEL-GAPDH co-aggregates with some amyloid-like properties. Our findings suggest a new function for GOSPEL, contrasting with its helpful role against the apoptotic nuclear translocation of GAPDH. NAD+ inhibited both GAPDH aggregation and co-aggregation with GOSPEL, a hitherto undescribed effect of the coenzyme against the consequences of oxidative stress.

Production in stirred-tank bioreactor of recombinant bovine chymosin B by a high-level expression transformant clone of Pichia pastoris Noseda, Diego Gabriel; Recúpero, Matías Nicolás; Blasco, Martín; Bozzo, Joaquín Ignacio; Galvagno, Miguel Angel An intense screening of Pichia pastoris clones transformed with the gene of bovine chymosin under methanol-inducible AOX1 promoter was performed, obtaining a transformant clone with a higher milk-clotting activity value in comparison with our previous studies. The scaling of recombinant-chymosin production was carried out by a fed-batch strategy in a stirred-tank bioreactor using biodiesel-byproduct crude glycerol as the carbon source and pure methanol for the induction of chymosin expression, achieving a biomass concentration of 158 g DCW/L and a maximum coagulant activity of 192 IMCU/ml after 120 h of methanol induction. Recombinant bovine chymosin was purified from bioreactor-fermentation culture by a procedure including anion-exchange chromatography which allowed obtaining heterologous chymosin with high level of purity and activity; suggesting that this downstream step could be scaled up in a successful manner for chymosin purification. Thermoestability assay permitted to establish that unformulated recombinant chymosin could be stored at 5 °C without decrease of enzyme activity throughout at least 120 days. Finally, reiterative methanol-inductions of recombinant chymosin expression in bioreactor demonstrated that the reutilization of cell biomass overcame the low enzyme productivity usually reached by P. pastoris system.

Agregados reciclados pretratados para uso en hormigón; Pretreatment recycled aggregates for concrete Priano, Carla; Señas, Lilia Norma; Moro, Juan Manuel; Marfil, Silvina Andrea Los residuos de construcción, principalmente aquellos que provienen de la trituración de hormigones de demolición, pueden ser utilizados como reemplazo total o parcial del agregado natural. Como consecuencia de mayor porosidad, el agregado reciclado resulta menos denso, y con una mayor capacidad de absorción de agua que el natural.En este trabajo se presentan distintos tratamientos de impregnación sobre el agregado grueso reciclado de un hormigón de canto rodado, con el fin de mejorar la calidad del hormigón resultante y optimizar su uso. Se analizaron tres tipos de productos para tratar al agregado reciclado (dos comerciales de uso frecuente en el mercado y una pasta cementícea), y diferente tiempo entre la ejecución del tratamiento y su incorporación al hormigón. Se estudiaron propiedades mecánicas y físicas de hormigones con un reemplazo del 50% del agregado grueso natural por hormigón triturado. Se realizó un estudio petrográfico sobre las diferentes muestras a fin de determinar la influencia de los tratamientos en la morfología de la zona de interfase agregado-mortero.El tratamiento previo de impregnación del agregado reciclado demostró ser una alternativa para mejorar la estructura de poros del hormigón y llevarlo a un comportamiento similar al de un hormigón convencional. El uso de un material de desecho permite reducir la cantidad de residuos generados una vez cumplida la vida útil de las estructuras y disminuir la explotación de recursos naturales no renovables como son los agregados para hormigón.; Construction waste, mainly those coming from crushed demolition concrete, can be used as partial or complete replacement of natural aggregates. Due to their greater porosity, recycled aggregates have lower density and higher water absorption than natural ones.This research presents different impregnation treatments of the recycled coarse aggregate obtained from concrete containing boulder, in order to improve final concrete quality and optimize their use. Three types of products were analyzed to treat the recycled aggregate (two highly used commercial products and one cement paste), as well as different time between treatment execution and its addition to the concrete. Mechanical and physical properties of concretes with 50% of natural coarse aggregate replacement by crushed concrete were studied. A petrographic study of the different samples was performed to determine the treatment influence on the morphology of the aggregate-mortar interface zone. Previous impregnation treatment of the recycled aggregate proved to be an alternative to improve concrete pore structure and to allow a similar behavior to conventional concretes. The use of waste materials reduces the amount of residues generated once the useful life of the structure ends and decreases the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources like concrete aggregates.

Fabricación de alúmina anódica porosa de bajo costo: Un estudio comparativo de la morfología producida por uno y dos pasos de anodizado; Low cost fabrication of porous anodic alumina: A comparative study of the morphology produced by one- and two-steps of anodization Londoño Calderón, César Leandro; Menchaca Nal, Sandra; Pardo Saavedra, Diana Carolina; Silveyra, Josefina María; Socolovsky, Leandro Martín; Pampillo, Laura Gabriela; Martinez Garcia, Ricardo Se describe un método simple y barato para la fabricación de moldes de alúmina nanoporosa, con potenciales aplicaciones para la fabricación de nanohilos. Se utiliza como materia prima un aluminio de grado comercial. Los moldes nanoporosos fabricados tienen un diámetro promedio de poros de (20 ± 4) nm. El proceso de fabricación consta de dos etapas de anodizado. Se detallan ambas etapas de anodizado y se caracteriza el material que se obtiene como resultado de cada una de ellas. Los moldes nanoporosos obtenidos con dos pasos de anodizado tienen la distribución más estrecha de tamaño de poros, mejor circularidad y orden espacial. En dichos moldes se crecen nanohilos a base de ferrita de cobalto (CoFe2O4). Para hacerlo, se usa un método simple y un equipamiento sencillo. Mediante microscopía electrónica se hace una caracterización morfológica de las plantillas y de los nanohilos obtenidos.; A simple and low cost method for the fabrication of Nanoporous alumina templates with potential applications for nanowires fabrication is described. As raw material, commercial aluminum has been used. The nanoporous templates obtained have a mean pore diameter of (20 ± 4) nm. The fabrication process consists mainly of two-step anodization. Both steps are described in detail, the obtained material for each anodization step is characterized. The Nanoporous template obtained after two-step anodization present a narrow distribution of the porous size, a better circularity and homogeneous distribution. Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanowires structures have been synthesized from the obtained alumina templates. A simple equipment method has been developed. A morphological characterization of the obtained templates and nanowires, by the use of electron microscopy techniques, is also presented.

Biology and phylogenetic placement of a new species of Lasiokapala Ashmead from Argentina (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) Torrens, Javier; Heraty, John Michael; Murray, Elizabeth; Fidalgo, Alberto Antonio P. Within the ant‐parasitic wasp family Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera), the Kapala clade is a monophyletic group attacking Ectatomminae and Ponerinae. Members often express extreme phenotypic features, especially in the morphology of the paired frenal spines. Although the means of attack and developmental history of the eucharitid wasps within the ant nest are very similar, the means by which they oviposit and optimize encounters of their active first‐instar larvae with ants is highly variable. The relationships and life‐history strategies of Lasiokapala Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) and related taxa within the Kapala clade are discussed based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data. Descriptions are provided for the adults (both sexes), eggs and planidia of Lasiokapala spiralicornis sp.n. from Santiago del Estero (Argentina). Females deposit their eggs on the underside of leaves of Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae) and the likely host is postulated to be the genus Ectatomma (Formicidae: Ectatomminae). Even within a closely related group of genera, there is extreme independent divergence in morphology of scutellar spines, antennae and other features, but the larvae and larval biology are highly conserved across a much larger group of Eucharitidae.

Cambios anatómicos en raíces e hipocótilos de plántulas de Prosopis ruscifolia (Fabaceae) sometidas a estrés salino; Anatomical changes in roots and hypocotyls of Prosopis ruscifolia (Fabaceae) seedlings exposed to saline stress Bravo, Sandra Josefina; Pece, Marta; del Corro, Florencia Inés; Ojeda Brozovich, Fernando; Lepiscopo, Martín Prosopis ruscifolia es una especie arbórea pionera en áreas inundadas o salinas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar cambios anatómicos en raíces e hipocótilos de plántulas de P. ruscifolia sometidas a estrés salino, bajo condiciones controladas. Las semillas se recolectaron en bosques nativos de la Región Chaqueña Occidental de Argentina. Las semillas se sembraron sobre toallas de papel humedecidas con soluciones salinas de 100, 200 y 300 mM de NaCl y un control humedecido con agua destilada. Se sembraron cuatro repeticiones de 50 semillas cada una, correspondientes a cada tratamiento, se ubicaron en cajas plásticas herméticas dentro de cámara de siembra a 27 ºC y con fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Doce días después de la siembra, se extrajeron plántulas para estudios anatómicos. Se estudiaron 35 plántulas correspondientes a cada tratamiento. Se midieron en raíces e hipocótilos las siguientes variables anatómicas: diámetro de la raíz principal e hipocótilo (µm), espesor de la corteza (µm), número de estratos celulares en la corteza, diámetro del cilindro central (µm), diámetro de la médula (µm), número de estratos celulares en el periciclo y diámetro tangencial de los vasos (µm). Se realizó ANOVA con diámetro de la raíz o hipocótilo como variable dependiente y espesor de la corteza, número de estratos celulares en la corteza, diámetro del cilindro central, diámetro de la médula, número de estratos celulares en el periciclo, diámetro tangencial de los vasos y concentración salina como variables independientes. El diámetro de la raíz disminuyó significativamente con el aumento de la concentración salina (P < 0.0001). El espesor de la corteza redujo su espesor a 100 mM (P < 0.0001) e incrementó el número de estratos celulares que la componen (P < 0.0002). El diámetro del cilindro central se redujo a la concentración salina de 100 mM (P < 0.0001) y el diámetro de la médula y el número de estratos celulares del periciclo (P < 0.0003) disminuyó progresivamente hasta 300 mM. El diámetro tangencial de los vasos (P < 0.0001) se redujo recién a 300 mM de NaCl. Estos cambios anatómicos podrían estar relacionados con la alteración de la expansión y división celular causada por la salinidad y comprometer la formación de raíces laterales y el almacenamiento de reservas. Los hipocótilos no mostraron cambios anatómicos significativos en respuesta al incremento en la salinidad, con excepción de la variación en la posición de estomas y un incremento en el espesor de la hipodermis. Estos cambios parecen indicar el estrés hídrico impuesto por el bajo potencial osmótico causado por las sales. Las plántulas de P. ruscifolia experimentaron cambios anatómicos en respuesta a las concentraciones salinas analizadas, en rasgos vinculados al almacenamiento de reservas, a la absorción y la conducción de agua y la formación de raíces laterales.; Prosopis ruscifolia is a pioneer tree species in flooding or saline areas. The aim of this work was to assess anatomical changes in roots and hypocotyls of P. ruscifolia seedlings induced to saline stress under controlled conditions. Seeds, collected in natural forests of Western Chaco region in Argentina, were sown on paper towels moisturized with saline solutions of 100, 200 and 300 mM of NaCl, and a control group with distilled water. Four repetitions of 50 seeds per treatment were sown, located in hermetic polystyrene boxes, and included in a seeding chamber, at 27 ºC and 12 hours photoperiod. Were studied 35 seedlings from each saline concentration; these seedlings were processed 12 days after sown to obtain microscopic samples. The anatomical variables measured in roots and hypocotyls were the following: main root diameter (µm), bark thickness (µm), number of cell strata in bark, central cylinder diameter (µm), pith diameter (µm), number of cell strata in the pericycle and the tangential diameter of vessels (µm). ANOVA analysis were performed with hypocotyl and root diameters as the dependent variable, and bark thickness (µm), number of cell strata in the bark, the central cylinder diameter (µm), the pith diameter (µm), number of cell strata in the pericycle, the tangential diameter of vessels and the saline concentration as independent variables. Results showed that the root diameter decreased with increasing saline concentrations (P < 0.0001). The bark thickness decreased at 100 mM (P < 0.0001) and the number of cell strata of bark increased to 300 mM (P < 0.0002). The central cylinder diameter decreased at 100 mM saline concentration (P < 0.0001) and the number of cell strata of the pericycle and the pith diameter reduced progressively until 300 mM. The tangential diameter of vessels decreased at 300 mM. These anatomical changes suggested alterations in the expansion and cell division caused by the salinity, and could limit lateral roots formation and reserves storage. Hypocotyls did not show significant anatomical changes in response to increasing salinity, with exception of stomata position and an increase of the hypodermis thickness. These changes indicated that the water stress imposed by low osmotic potential is caused by increasing saline concentration. The seedlings of P. ruscifolia experienced anatomical changes in response to tested saline concentrations in traits related to reserve storage, the absorption and conduction of water, and lateral roots formation.

Production in stirred-tank bioreactor of recombinant bovine chymosin B by a high-level expression transformant clone of Pichia pastoris Noseda, Diego Gabriel; Recúpero, Matías Nicolás; Blasco, Martín; Bozzo, Joaquín Ignacio; Galvagno, Miguel Angel An intense screening of Pichia pastoris clones transformed with the gene of bovine chymosin under methanol-inducible AOX1 promoter was performed, obtaining a transformant clone with a higher milk-clotting activity value in comparison with our previous studies. The scaling of recombinant-chymosin production was carried out by a fed-batch strategy in a stirred-tank bioreactor using biodiesel-byproduct crude glycerol as the carbon source and pure methanol for the induction of chymosin expression, achieving a biomass concentration of 158 g DCW/L and a maximum coagulant activity of 192 IMCU/ml after 120 h of methanol induction. Recombinant bovine chymosin was purified from bioreactor-fermentation culture by a procedure including anion-exchange chromatography which allowed obtaining heterologous chymosin with high level of purity and activity; suggesting that this downstream step could be scaled up in a successful manner for chymosin purification. Thermoestability assay permitted to establish that unformulated recombinant chymosin could be stored at 5 °C without decrease of enzyme activity throughout at least 120 days. Finally, reiterative methanol-inductions of recombinant chymosin expression in bioreactor demonstrated that the reutilization of cell biomass overcame the low enzyme productivity usually reached by P. pastoris system.

Sexual dimorphism and interspecific head variation in the Liolaemus melanops complex (Squamata: Liolaemini) based on geometric morphometrics Minoli, Ignacio; Morando, Mariana; Avila, Luciano Javier By analysing size and shape separately, geometric morphometric methods (GM) are a powerful tool to evaluate morphological differences within and between taxa. In this work, we used GM to investigate whether lizards of the Liolaemus melanops complex differ in shape and size. Specifically, we analysed head shape and size variation to quantify intraspecific sexual dimorphism and interspecific differences. We found sexual dimorphism in six of the seven investigated species (L. canqueli, L. dumerili, L. goetschi, L. martorii, L. melanops and L. morenoi). Five species (L. canqueli, L. casamiquelai, L. martorii, L. melanops and L. morenoi) were distinct in shape and size, whereas L. goetschi and L. dumerili were indiscernible from each other. This work illustrates the value of GM to study morphological variation in lizards, suggesting that similar studies would be valuable for testing species boundaries in other groups of Liolaemus.

Extraction of dynamic speckle activity information from digital holograms Budini, Nicolas; Balducci, Diego Mario Nicolás; Mulone, Cecilia; Monaldi, Andrea Carolina In this work we show how dynamic speckle information can be extracted directly from digital holograms. This allows improving the analysis and characterization of dynamic phenomena by combining dynamic speckle with digital holographic interferometry measurements. We have studied the drying process of paint coatings, which is a typical study case in the field of dynamic speckle characterization, since the speckle activity (SA) of drying coatings is known to decay smoothly as a function of time. We recorded both holograms and speckle images during the process. In this way, we could compare the evolution of global SA calculated from speckle images by a standard method with the evolution of speckle correlation extracted directly from the holograms (i.e. without using holographic imagereconstruction algorithms). The results obtained from both methods have shown to be in good agreement

A review of the application of otolith microchemistry toward the study of Latin American fishes Avigliano, Esteban; Volpedo, Alejandra In developed countries, otolith microchemistry has been used for more than three decades for studies of life history, migration, and environmental ecology of fish stock of commercial importance. Although Latin America produces 16% of the annual fish capture, most of their fishery resources have not been well studied and handled. Modern methodologies related to microchemistry have not been applied to the underdeveloped countries of Latin America due to its high cost. In the last decade, there have been several studies on Latin American resources, carried out mainly by first world countries. Currently, some regional economies are strong and stable enough to ensure the training of specialized human resources and to generate opportunities for the exchange of projects and acquisition of state-of-the-art technology. In this work, all available literature associated to Latin American resources in relation to the use of otolith microchemistry has been reviewed. The use of different methodologies in the region in relation to global trends has been discussed. In addition to that, the extent of collaboration between underdeveloped and developed countries has been evaluated. This review shows a promising future in the application of otolith microchemistry to study biology of fishes, which will impact on the medium and long term to ensure the sustainability of certain resources and, therefore, the strengthening of regional economies.

Mujeres, noviazgo y trabajo: Una experiencia en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, 1906-1910; Women, engagement, and labor: A case study in the Buenos Aires province, 1906-1910 de Paz Trueba, Yolanda Edith; Bracamonte, Lucia Durante el siglo XIX y en los albores del XX, la escritura de cartas fue el medio más difundido para mantener vínculos familiares, amistosos y amorosos entre personas de las clases populares a la distancia. El presente trabajo persigue el objetivo de analizar las cartas escritas entre 1906 y 1910 por una costurera residente en Olavarría a su novio de Bahía Blanca —ciudad situada a unos 300 km de distancia—, a fin de identificar las concepciones y experiencias en torno al amor, el noviazgo y el matrimonio que cristalizaron en ellas y evaluar de qué manera se articularon con su condición de trabajadora. El corpus documental analizado permite vislumbrar de qué manera los hombres y mujeres comunes se apropiaron en forma personal de las ideas o las creencias de su época; es decir, cómo las prescripciones normativas del orden de género se tradujeron en conductas cotidianas asumidas y reelaboradas por los propios individuos en un entorno sociocultural específico. Buscamos también reflexionar en torno al amor en el mundo de los trabajadores, tema que la historiografía argentina ha abordado escasamente, en especial con fuentes que remiten al mundo de los afectos producidas por los mismos actores sociales.; During the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th, writing letters was the most used method to stay in contact with the family, friends and keep a love relationship between working class persons that lived in distant places. The main objective of this work is to analyze the letters written between 1906 and 1910 by a seamstress that lived in Olavarria and her fiancé from Bahia Blanca —both cities are 300 km away— in order to identify the experiences and conceptions about the love, courtship and the marriage that are expressed in the mail; and to evaluate the way in which these expressions articulate with her condition of a working woman. The documentary corpus used for the analysis lets see the way in which common men and women embraced the ideas and beliefs of the time, that is, how the prescriptions of the genre regulations were taken like daily habits and how they were partially re-elaborated by the persons in a specific sociocultural environment. We also seek to reflect about the love in the working class world, a subject that the argentine historiography has rarely studied, specially with sources related to the emotional world of the same social actors.

Fast radio bursts and their gamma-ray or radio afterglows as Kerr-Newman black hole binaries Liu, Tong; Romero, Gustavo Esteban; Liu, Mo-Lin; Li, Ang Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are radio transients lasting only about a few milliseconds. They seem to occur at cosmological distances. We propose that these events can originate in the collapse of the magnetospheres of Kerr-Newman black holes (KNBHs). We show that the closed orbits of charged particles in the magnetospheres of these objects are unstable. After examining the dependencies on the specific charge of the particle and the spin and charge of the KNBH, we conclude that the resulting timescale and radiation mechanism fit well with extant observations of FRBs. Furthermore, we argue that the merger of a KNBH binary is a plausible central engine for the potential gamma-ray or radio afterglow following certain FRBs and can also account for gravitational wave (GW) events like GW 150914. Our model leads to predictions that can be tested by combined multi-wavelength electromagnetic and GW observations.

Changes in Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Functional Response as a Consequence of Host Density Choice Núñez Campero, Segundo Ricardo; Benitez-Vieyra, Santiago Miguel; Gorla, David Eladio; Ovruski Alderete, Sergio Marcelo Most predator and parasitoid functional response studies have been carried out by using experimental designs where insects are confined to an arena and subsequently exposed to different host densities, which are evaluated individually. In the case of a parasitoid that looks for profitable patches, this design forces it to use the single host density patch available, and therefore the possibility of selection by the parasitoid is not considered at all. A selective functional response, in which the host is distributed in discrete patches at different densities,could be a solution to avoid such a limitation. However, the disadvantage of this design is that it does not meet the independence assumption required to perform a parametric statistical analysis. Nevertheless, the use of nonparametric analyses such as GAM and GAMM models allows the performance of this kind of design, making the relationship between the response and the explanatory variable more flexible, looking for general behavioral patterns. The behavior of the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) in a patched condition was assessed in order to demonstrate that nonparametric analyses are useful tools when studying the selective functional response. Results showed that the functional response changed from a "sigmoid curve" to a "bell-shape curve" when the parasitoid had the chance to choose freely among different host densities. The female parasitoid distributed their ovarian load among the eight host densities. The present study suggests that the bell-shape curve displays a general behavior pattern of the parasitoid population.

Relationship between microbial functions and community structure following agricultural intensification in South American Chaco Perez Brandan, Carolina Gabriela; Huidobro, J.; Galván, Marta Zulema; Vargas Gil, Silvina; Meriles, Jose Manuel Intensification of agricultural systems through the use of intensive agriculture and the advance of deforestation have led to a decrease of soil biological quality. Soil functional and structural microbiota are sensitive parameters to monitor changes caused by agricultural use. Different sites under soybean monoculture (continuous soybean) and soybean/maize rotation practices were selected. Samples were collected from agricultural soils under different periods of implantation: 4-year rotation; 15-year rotation; 5-year monoculture; and 24-year monoculture (M24). A site of native vegetation recently under agricultural production (RUA) was also sampled. Native vegetation soils (NV) adjacent to agricultural sites were sampled as a control. In general, the results showed that RUA and M24 had lower enzyme activities, less microbial abundance and low physical and chemical soil quality than those subjected to crop rotation. In contrast, both the bacterial and total microbial biomasses were significantly higher in NV and crop rotation than in soils under monoculture systems. Although it was expected that differences in microbial activities would be due to changes in microbial community abundance, the results indicated that changes in soil management produced faster alterations to soil enzyme activities than any modifications induced in the microbial community structure. Consequently, both aspects of microbial diversity, namely function and structure, were affected independently by agricultural intensification.