General solution of a fractional diffusion-advection equation for solar cosmic-ray transport Rocca, Mario Carlos; Plastino, Ángel Ricardo; Plastino, Ángel Luis; Ferri, Gustavo Luis; de Paoli, Ángel Luis In this effort we exactly solve the fractional diffusion-advection equation for solar cosmic-ray transport and give its general solution in terms of hypergeometric distributions. Numerical analysis of this equation shows that its solutions resemble power-laws.

Segmentación del mercado de trabajo según regiones y categorías urbanas: Argentina, 1991-2010; Segmentation of the labour market along urban regions and categories: Argentina, 1991-2010; Segmentação do mercado de trabalho entre as regiões urbanas e categorias: Argentina, 1991-2010 Manzano, Fernando; Velázquez, Guillermo Ángel Este trabajo indaga acerca de la inserción ocupacional de la población argentina, tomando como referencia dos características de relevancia, como ser: la categoría ocupacional y las ramas de actividad de los ocupados. Tradicionalmente la estructura ocupacional suele analizarse mediante los resultados en sus niveles más agregados (Total Nacional, Provincial, etc.). Debido a esto, se incorporará una dimensión más geográfica que tenga en cuenta la variable tamaño de la aglomeración, que será operacionalizada mediante el uso de categorías urbanas, definidas previamente en función de diferentes niveles de densidad poblacional, de la cual se surgirán nuevos resultados vinculados a patrones de inserción laboral de la población, a partir de la fragmentación entre diferentes categorías urbanas en cada una de las regiones (que consideramos como variación intrarregionales). La hipótesis que guía este artículo, afirma que las variaciones intrarregionales –que surgen de la segmentación de cada región según sus categorías urbanas–, respecto de las variables categoría ocupacional y rama de actividad, son superiores a las diferencias existentes a nivel interregional. En caso de poder corroborar esta afirmación, estaremos en condiciones de considerar a las jerarquías urbanas como un factor de influencia sobre la inserción ocupacional, superior al que ejercen los contextos regionales (respecto a las variables ocupacionales mencionadas).; This work investigates about the occupational integration of the Argentine population, taking as reference two features of relevance, such as: the occupational category and the branches of the occupied. Traditionally the occupational structure is usually analyzed by the results in their levels more aggregated Total (National, Provincial, etc.). Because of this, will be incorporated into a more geographic dimension that takes into account the variable size of the agglomeration, which will be operationalized by using categories urban, previously defined in function of different levels of population density, which will occur new results related to patterns of labor insertion of the population, from the fragmentation between different urban categories in each of the regions (that we consider as intraregional variation). The assumptions that guide this article, asserts that the intraregional variations - which arise from the segmentation of each region according to their categories urban-, with respect to the variables occupational category and branch of activity, are superior to the existing differences at the interregional level. In case of being able to corroborate this statement, we will be in a position to consider the urban hierarchies as a factor of influence on the occupational integration, superior to that exercised by the regional contexts (with respect to the occupational variables mentioned above).; Este trabalho investiga sobre a integração profissional da população argentina, tomando-se como referência a duas características relevantes, tais como: a categoria profissional e os ramos da ocupado. Tradicionalmente, a estrutura ocupacional é normalmente analisado pelos resultados em seus níveis mais agregados Total (nacional, estaduais, etc. ). Por esse motivo, será incorporada a uma maior dimensão geográfica que leva em conta a variável tamanho da aglomeração, que será operacionalizada pelo uso de categorias urbanas, previamente definidos em função dos diferentes níveis de densidade populacional, o que irá ocorrer novos resultados relacionadas com padrões de trabalho a inserção da população, a partir da fragmentação entre as diferentes categorias urbana em cada uma das regiões (que consideramos como variação intra-regional). Os pressupostos que norteiam este artigo, afirma que as variações intra-regional - que surgem da segmentação de cada região, de acordo com as suas categorias e urbano, no que diz respeito às variáveis categoria ocupacional e ramo de actividade, são superiores às diferenças existentes no plano inter-regional. No caso de serem capazes de corroborar esta afirmação, vamos estar em uma posição para considerar a hierarquia urbana como um fator de influência sobre a integração profissional, superior ao exercido pelo contextos regionais (no que diz respeito ao trabalho variáveis mencionadas acima).

Layered vanadyl (IV) nitroprusside: Magnetic interaction through a network of hydrogen bonds Gil, Diego Mauricio; Osiry, H.; Pomiro, Fernando; Varetti, Eduardo Lelio; Carbonio, Raul Ernesto; Alejandro, R. R.; Ben Altabef, Aída; Reguera, E. The hydrogen bond and π-π stacking are two non-covalent interactions able to support cooperative magnetic ordering between paramagnetic centers. This contribution reports the crystal structure and related magnetic properties for VO[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O, which has a layered structure. This solid crystallizes with an orthorhombic unit cell, in the Pna21 space group, with cell parameters a=14.1804(2), b=10.4935(1), c=7.1722(8) Å and four molecules per unit cell (Z=4). Its crystal structure was solved and refined from powder X-ray diffraction data. Neighboring layers remain linked through a network of hydrogen bonds involving a water molecule coordinated to the axial position for the V atom and the unbridged axial NO and CN ligands. An uncoordinated water molecule is found forming a triple bridge between these last two ligands and the coordinated water molecule. The magnetic measurements, recorded down to 2 K, shows a ferromagnetic interaction between V atoms located at neighboring layers, with a Curie-Weiss constant of 3.14 K. Such ferromagnetic behavior was interpreted as resulting from a superexchange interaction through the network of strong OH····OH2O, OH····NCN, and OH····ONO hydrogen bonds that connects neighboring layers. The interaction within the layer must be of antiferromagnetic nature and it was detected close to 2 K.

Primer registro de termiteros fósiles para el pleistoceno tardío de la región mesopotámica (Argentina): implicancias paleoambientales; First fossil termite nests from the late Pleistocene of the Mesopotamian region (Argentina): paleoenvironmental implications Erra, Georgina; Osterrieth, Margarita Luisa; Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Lutz, Alicia Isabel; Laffont, Enrique Rafael; Coronel, Juan M.; Francia, Analia En esta contribución se da a conocer el primer registro de termiteros fósiles para la región Mesopotámica de Argentina, y su disposición espacial, al tiempo que se discuten sus afinidades taxonómicas e implicancias paleoambientales. Las estructuras fósiles pertenecen a nidificaciones de insectos sociales atribuibles a miembros de la Familia Termitidae, y se ubican en la zona de contacto entre la base de la Fm. Toropí/Yupoí (Pleistoceno tardío) y el tope de la Fm. Ituzaingó (Mioceno tardío-Plioceno). Se las identifica en los alrededores del Arroyo Toropí (28°36? S y 59°02? W), Departamento Bella Vista, provincia de Corrientes. El estudio de las nidificaciones y su disposición espacial se realizó en cinco campos de termiteros mediante su relevamiento y descripción morfológica. La morfología de las estructuras estudiadas coincide claramente con la de los nidos de termitas, en donde resulta característica una fuerte muralla externa. La caracterización de campo, yacencia, desarrollo, frecuencia, tamaños e interrelaciones de los termiterosfósiles y actuales sugieren una estrecha similitud con montículos del género Cornitermes. La morfología presente muestra también cierta semejanza con Tacuruichnus farinai, descripta para el Piso/Edad Marplatense (Plioceno) de la región Pampeana. Por otro lado, el análisis fitolítico indicó que las cantidades y las morfologías fitolíticas son semejantes tanto en los termiteros actuales como en los fósiles. Desde un punto de vista paleoambiental, la abundancia de estos termiteros en el contacto entre las mencionadas unidades indicaría la existencia de suelos bien desarrollados, con abundante vegetación graminosa y condiciones húmedas y cálidas con estacionalidad marcada.; In this contribution we show the first termite nests fossil record presence from the Mesopotamian region of Argentina and its spatial distribution. At the same time taxonomic affinities and paleoenvironmental implications are discussed. The discovery takes place in the contact area between the base of the Toropí / Yupoí formations (late Pleistocene) and the top of the Ituzaingó Fm. (late Miocene-Pliocene), around the Toropí stream (28°36’ S y 59°02’ W), Bella Vista Department, Corrientes province. These fossil structures belong to nestings of social insects, such as the termite nests type. They could be attributable to representatives of the Termitidae Family. The study of nestings and their spatial arrangement was carried out on five termite nest fields, by surveying and detailed morphological description thereof. The morphology of the studied structures clearly matches with termite nests, with a typical strong outer wall. Characterization of field development, frequency, size and relationships of extant and fossil termite nests suggest a close similarity with mounds of the Cornitermes genus. Furthermore the morphology of these fossil termite nests also shows some resemblance to Tacuruichnus farinai, described for the Marplatanse Stage (Pliocene) of the Pampean region. From a paleoenvironmental point of view, the abundance of these termite nests in the contact between these units indicates the existence of well developed soils with abundant grassy vegetation and humid warm conditions with marked seasonality.

Convergence of constitutive photomorphogenesis 1 and phytochrome interacting factor signalling during shade avoidance Pacín, Manuel; Semmoloni, Mariana; Legris, Martina; Finlayson, Scott A.; Casal, Jorge José Shade-avoidance responses require CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (COP1) but the mechanisms of action of COP1 under shade have not been elucidated. Using simulated shade and control conditions, we analysed: the transcriptome and the auxin levels of cop1 and phytochrome interacting factor 1 (pif1) pif3 pif4 pif5 (pifq) mutants; the dynamics of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED (HFR1) proteins; and the epistatic relationships between cop1 and pif3, pif4, pif5, hy5 and hfr1 mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite severely impaired shade-avoidance responses, only a few genes that responded to shade in the wild-type failed to do so in cop1. Shade enhanced the convergence between cop1 and pifq transcriptomes, mainly on shade-avoidance marker genes. Shade failed to increase auxin levels in cop1. Residual shade avoidance in cop1 was not further reduced by the pif3, pif4 or pif5 mutations, suggesting convergent pathways. HFR1 stability decreased under shade in a COP1-dependent manner but shade increased HY5 stability. The cop1 mutant retains responses to shade and is more specifically impaired in shade avoidance. COP1 promotes the degradation of HFR1 under shade, thus increasing the ability of PIFs to control gene expression, increase auxin levels and promote stem growth.

Is the stellar system WR11 a gamma-ray source? Benaglia, Paula Many early-type stars are in systems; some of them have been indicated as putative high-energy emitters. The radiationwould be produced at the region where two stellar winds collide. Compelling evidence of such emission was found only for the colliding-wind binary (CWB) Eta Car, which was associated to a GeV source. Very recently, the closest CWB, WR 11, was proposed as a counterpart of a 6σ emission excess, measured with the Fermi LAT satellite. We sought evidence to support or reject the hypothesis that WR 11 is responsible of the gamma-ray excess. Archive radio interferometric data at 1.4 and 2.5 GHz taken with the Australia Telescope Compact Array along 16 dates were reduced. The sizes of the field-of-view at 2.5 GHz and of the central region of the Fermi LAT excess are alike. We analysed the emission of the WR 11 field, characterised the radio sources detected and derived their spectral indices, to investigate their nature. Eight sources with fluxes above 10 mJy were detected at both frequencies. All but one (WR 11) showed negative spectral indices. Four of them were identified with known objects, including WR 11. A fifth source, labeled here S6, is a promising candidate to produce gamma-ray emission, besides the CWB WR 11.

Culex pipiens development is greatly influenced by native bacteria and exogenous yeast Díaz Nieto, Leonardo Martín; D'alessio, Cecilia; Perotti, Maria Alejandra; Berón, Corina Marta Culex pipiens is the most cosmopolitan mosquito of the Pipiens Assemblage. By studying the nature of interactions between this species and microorganisms common to its breeding environment we can unravel important pitfalls encountered during development. We tested the survival rate of larval stages, pupae and adults of a Cx. pipiens colony exposed to a variety of microorganisms in laboratory conditions and assessed the transmission to offspring (F1) by those organisms that secured development up to adulthood. Three complementary experiments were designed to: 1) explore the nutritional value of yeasts and other microorganisms during Cx. pipiens development; 2) elucidate the transstadial transmission of yeast to the host offspring; and 3) to examine the relevance of all these microorganisms in female choice for oviposition- substratum. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae proved to be the most nutritional diet, but despite showing the highest survival rates, vertical transmission to F1 was never confirmed. In addition, during the oviposition trials, none of the gravid females was attracted to the yeast substratum. Notably, the two native bacterial strains, Klebsiella sp. and Aeromonas sp., were the preferred oviposition media, the same two bacteria that managed to feed neonates until molting into 2nd instar larvae. Our results not only suggest that Klebsiella sp. or Aeromonas sp. serve as attractants for oviposition habitat selection, but also nurture the most fragile instar, L1, to assure molting into a more resilient stage, L2, while yeast proves to be the most supportive diet for completing development. These experiments unearthed survival traits that might be considered in the future development of strategies of Cx. pipiens control. These studies can be extended to other members of the Pipiens Assemblage.

Three dimensional flow of liquid transfer between a cavity and a moving roll Campana, Diego Martin; Ubal, Sebastian; Giavedoni, Maria Delia; Saita, Fernando Adolfo; Carvalho, Marcio Gravure printing is one of the most promising technologies for high volume production of printed electronics and microscale films and devices. The characteristics of the printed pattern, i.e. ink volume, resolution and pattern placement (registration), are directly related to the fluid mechanics of the liquid transfer process from a cell to a substrate wrapped around a rotating roll; the liquid transfer is mainly controlled by free surfaces and dynamic contact lines. Most of the available analyses are restricted to axisymmetric flows, at which the relative motion between the cavity and the substrate is greatly simplified. Recent results have shown that the use of the complete description of the relative motion in a roll-to-roll process is critical to obtain accurate results on the amount of liquid that is transferred to the substrate. In this work we present an extension of the model describing liquid transfer from a groove to a substrate in a R2R process in order to consider the liquid transfer from a small individual cell; to this end we solve a full 3D free surface flow with moving contact lines. The results show that the liquid transfer dynamics is governed by two different characteristic time scales, one is associated with the contact line motion and the other with liquid filament breakup. Both are dependent on the capillary number. The predictions show how the volume, registration and shape of the printed dot varies with operating conditions and liquid properties. These predictions could be helpful in designing high precision printing operations.

Smart valve. Polymer actuator to moisture soil control Romero, Marcelo Ricardo; Wolfel, Alexis; Alvarez Igarzabal, Cecilia Ines The adequate use of water for irrigation in agriculture is a widespread concern. In this study, we developed an autonomous smart system consisting of a new hydrogel into a valve, which regulates the flow of water according to soil moisture. The main objective was to find an alternative to avoid waste of water. Yet, hydrogel development and study of the quantitative relationship between its properties and soil moisture were also important to achieve this aim. The hydrogel was synthesized from tris[(hydroxymethyl) methyl]acrylamide (NAT) copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and crosslinked with N, N´-methylene bis(acrylamide) (BIS). The use of cellulose (2% w/v) avoids hydrogel breakage during swelling-deswelling. The relation between swelling ratio, force of expansion and moisture was evaluated for the novel hydrogel. It was found that as soil moisture increases, the gel swells, while expansion force diminishes. These properties showed linear relationship in the range studied. The three-dimensional network formed by flexible chains has the attribute of exerting a great force when it expands (15 N for a hydrogel disc of 1 cm2). When the material was put in contact with the ground, it swelled and deswelled without breaking. The hydrogel within the valve was able to open and close the passage of water. The valve prototype was tested during four months with a plant. During this period, only three liters of irrigation water was used monthly, instead of about half a liter daily. Hence, an autonomous actuator capable of controlling soil moisture was developed based on a new hydrogel.

Modelos de orden, modelos de juego : Notas para una sociología del gusto religioso; Modelos de ordem, modelos de jogo : Notas para uma sociologia do gosto religioso; Order models, game models : Notes for a sociology of religious taste Algranti, Joaquin Maria El objetivo del presente artículo es explorar teóricamente el vínculo entre consumo y cultura material religiosa en dos direcciones complementarias. En el primer apartado, vamos a abordar la pregunta por los principios de orden que gobiernan la cultura material, así como su definición y aplicaciones al campo de las ciencias sociales de la religión en América Latina. En el segundo nos interesa problematizar las formas de pertenecer a un espacio de creencias -en donde conviven la idea de “lo verdadero”, “lo útil” y “lo bello”-, distinguiendo a su vez las formas populares e ilustradas del gusto en materia de espiritualidad. Finalmente, en las conclusiones vamos a proponer una comprensión del sistema de objetos que median la relación con los grupos religiosos en base a los modelos de orden y los modelos de juego que representan las mercancías.; O objetivo do presente artigo é explorar teoricamente o vínculo entre consumo e cultura material religiosa em duas direções complementares. Na primeira parte, abordaremos a pergunta pelos princípios de ordem que governam a cultura material, assim como sua definição e aplicações ao campo das ciências sociais da religião na América Latina. Na segunda parte, interessa-nos problematizar as formas de pertencer a um espaço de crenças - em que convivem a ideia de “o verdadeiro”, “o útil” e “o belo”-, distinguindo, por outro lado, as formas populares e ilustradas do gosto em matéria de espiritualidade. Finalmente, nas conclusões, vamos propor uma compreensão do sistema de objetos que mediam a relação com os grupos religiosos com base nos modelos de ordem e nos modelos de jogo que as mercadorias representam.; The aim of this paper is to explore, in theoretical terms, the link between consumption and religious material culture in two complementary directions. In the first part, we will tackle the question of the principles of order governing the material culture as well as its definition and applications to the social sciences of religion in Latin America. In the second we want to problematize the different ways of belonging to a space of belief -where the idea of “truth”, “useful” and “beauty” coexist -, distinguishing the illustrated and popular forms of taste in matters of spirituality. Finally, in the conclusions we will propose an understanding of the system of objects that mediate the relationship with religious groups through the acknowledgment of the models of order and play that suggest the goods.

Geochemistry of fluid discharges from Peteroa volcano (Argentina-Chile) in 2010-2015: Insights into compositional changes related to the fluid source region(s) Tassi, Franco; Aguilera, F.; Benavente, O.; Paonita, A.; Chiodini, Giovanni; Caliro, S.; Agusto, Mariano Roberto; Gutierrez, F.; Capaccioni, B.; Vaselli, O.; Caselli, Alberto Tomás; Saltori, O. This study presents the first geochemical data of fluid discharges collected from February 2010 to March 2015 from the Planchón–Peteroa–Azufre Volcanic Complex (PPAVC), located in the Transitional Southern Volcanic Zone (TSVZ) at the border between Argentina and Chile. During the study period, from January 2010 to July 2011, Peteroa volcano experienced phreatic to phreatomagmatic eruption possibly related to the devastating Maule earthquake occurred on February 27, 2010. The compositional dataset includes low temperature (from 43.2 to 102 °C) gas discharges from (i) the summit of Peteroa volcano and (ii) the SE flank of Azufre volcano, both marked by a significant magmatic fluid contribution, as well as bubbling gases located at the foothill of the Peteroa volcanic edifice, which showed a chemical signature typical of hydrothermal fluids. In 2012, strong compositional changes affected the Peteroa gases from the summit area: the acidic gas species, especially SO2, increased, suggesting an input of fluids from magma degassing. Nevertheless, the R/Ra and δ13C–CO2 values decreased, which would imply an enhanced contribution from a meteoric-hydrothermal source. In 2014–2015, the chemical and isotopic compositions of the 2010–2011 gases were partially restored. The anomalous decoupling between the chemical and the isotopic parameters was tentatively interpreted as produced by degassing activity from a small batch of dacitic magma that in 2012 masked the compositional signature of the magmatic fluids released from a basaltic magma that dominated the gas chemistry in 2010–2011. This explanation reliably justifies the observed geochemical data, although the mechanisms leading to the change in time of the dominating magmatic fluid source are not clear. At this regard, a geophysical survey able to provide information on the location of the two magma batches could be useful to clarify the possible relationships between the compositional changes that affected the Peteroa fluid discharges and the 2010–2011 eruptive activity.

Cytotoxic effects of natural and semisynthetic cucurbitacins on lung cancer cell line A549 Silva, Izabella T.; Geller, Fabiana Cristina; Persich, Lara; Dudek, Sabine E.; Lang, Karen L.; Caro, Miguel S. B.; Duran, Fernando Javier; Schenkel, Eloir P.; Ludwig, Stephan; Simoes, Cláudia M. O. Cucurbitacins and their derivatives are triterpenoids that are found in various plant families, and are known for their pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-cancer effects. Lung cancer represents a major public health problem, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most frequent and aggressive type of lung cancer. The objective of this work was to evaluate four cucurbitacins (CUCs) for their cytotoxic activity, effects on apoptosis induction, cell cycle progression, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive effects on the human NSCLC cell line (A549 cells). Our findings showed that these CUCs could suppress human NSCLC cell growth in vitro through their effects on the PI3Kinase and MAPK pathways, which lead to programmed cell death induction, as well as inhibition of cell migration and cell invasion. Additionally, these effects culminate in apoptosis induction and G2/M cell cycle arrest by modulating cyclin B1 expression, and in the mitigation of strategic steps of lung cancer metastasis, including migration and invasion of A549 cells. These results suggest that two natural (DDCB and CB) and two novel semisynthetic derivatives of cucurbitacin B (ACB and DBCB) could be considered as promising compounds with antitumor potential.

Comments and replies on the paper ‘Prediction of short fatigue crack growth of Ti–6Al–4 V’, FFEMS, 2014, 37, 1075–1086, by K. Wang, F. Wang, W. Cui, T. Hayat and B. Ahmad Chapetti, Mirco Daniel; Carr, Gustavo Eduardo

Structural and material mechanical quality of femoral shafts in rats exposed to simulated high altitude from infancy to adulthood Bozzini, Clarisa; Picasso, Emilio; Champin, Graciela Monica; Alippi, Rosa Maria; Bozzini, Carlos Eduardo Jose The growth of the body and bone mass and the mechanical properties of appendicular bone are impaired in immature rats exposed to different simulated high altitudes (SHA) (1850-5450 m) between the 32nd and the 74th days of postnatal life. Now, we report the effects of exposure to 4100 m on the above cited variables in female rats from infancy (age: 1 month) to adulthood (age: 8 months) to define the occurrence of catch up and to establish whether the effects of altitude are transient or permanent. The ex vivo right femur was mechanically tested in three-point bending. Body weight and length, and structural (loads at yielding and fracture, and stiffness) and architectural (diaphyseal cross-sectional area, cortical area, and cross-sectional moment of inertia) properties were measured at 2, 4, 6, and 8 months of exposure to SHA. The negative influence of hypoxia on all variables was similar at different ages or, in other words, the difference among ages was maintained at any extent of hypoxia. Hypoxia did not affect the elastic modulus, thus suggesting that the mechanical properties of the bone tissue were maintained. Catch up did not occur. The resulting osteopenic bone remained appropriate to its mechanical function during the entire exposure to SHA.

Infection levels of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta in rat populations from Buenos Aires, Argentina Hancke, Diego; Suarez, Olga Virginia Ecological studies on zoonotic parasites are crucial for the design and implementation of effective measures to prevent parasite transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors such as season, landscape unit, rat sex and rat body length, affecting the abundance of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta, a parasite of synanthropic rats, within an urban environment. A parasitological survey was undertaken on 169 rats from landscape units such as shantytowns, parklands, industrial-residential areas and scrap-metal yards in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The overall prevalence of H. diminuta was 21.3%, although the occurrence of this species in rats was not homogeneous. The abundance of H. diminuta, using a zero-inflated negative binomial model, was correlated with rat body length. In shantytowns, abundance levels were higher than other landscape units, largely due to differences in individual environmental characteristics and rat assemblages. The populations of arthropod intermediate hosts could be subjected to seasonal fluctuations and the degree of urbanization. Shantytowns are overcrowded urban marginal settlements with most inhabitants living in precarious conditions and supporting large populations of rats, thereby increasing the risk of zoonotic infection.

Interaction of Phenylalanine with DPPC membranes by FTIR-ATR: influence of Water Populations In Restricted Environments of Lipid Membrane Interphases Rosa, Antonio Sebastián; Cutró, Andrea Carmen; Frías, María de los Ángeles; Disalvo, Edgardo Anibal The negative free energy previously reported is 8 explained by the stabilization of a PC-Phe (phosphocholine9 phenylalanine) complex in the presence of water shown by the 10 decrease in the symmetric stretching frequency of the 11 phosphate group of the lipid (PO2 −). An entropic contribution 12 due to the disruption of the water network around the phenyl 13 and in the membrane defect may be invoked. The dipole 14 potential decrease is explained by the orientation of the 15 carboxylate opposing to the CO of the lipids with oxygen 16 moiety toward the low hydrated hydrocarbon core. The 17 symmetric bending frequency of NH3 + group of Phe, decreases 18 in 5.2 cm−1 in relation to water congruent with zeta potential 19 shift to positive values. The Phe to DPPC dissociation 20 constant is Kd = 2.23 ± 0.09 mM, from which the free energy change is about −4.54 kcal/mol at 25 °C. This may be due to 21 hydrophobic contributions and two hydrogen bonds

The toarcian oceanic anoxic event (Early Jurassic) in the Neuquén Basin, Argentina: A reassessment of age and carbon isotope stratigraphy Al Suwaidi, Aisha H.; Hesselbo, Stephen P.; Damborenea, Susana Ester; Manceñido, Miguel Oscar; Jenkyns, Hugh C.; Riccardi, Alberto Carlos; Angelozzi, Gladys Noemí; Baudin, François The Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE) is recorded by the presence of globally distributed marine organic carbon– rich black shales and a negative carbon isotope shift, with δ13Corg values as low as -33‰, interrupting an overarching positive excursion. Here we present new biostratigraphic data and high-resolution δ13Corg data from two Southern Hemisphere localities: Arroyo Serrucho in the north and Arroyo Lapa in the south of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. Previous studies at these localities aimed to provide an accurate numerical age for the T-OAE and characterization of its carbon isotope stratigraphy. The new carbon isotope data and ammonite biostratigraphy presented here from Arroyo Serrucho show the T-OAE to be recorded lower in the section than supposed by previous authors, thus calling into question the published age of the T-OAE in this section. A newly investigated exposure at Arroyo Lapa North shows a complex carbon isotope record with at least three high-amplitude fluctuations in the hoelderi zone (equivalent to the serpentinum zone in northwestern Europe), with δ13Corg values of <-28‰, and two intervening positive isotope excursions, with δ13Corg values around -24‰. At Arroyo Lapa South, the characteristic major stepped negative carbon isotope excursion is recorded, with δ13Corg values of <-30‰ and total organic-carbon contents increasing to 11%; above this level an erosional surface of a submarine channel truncates the section. These new data are globally correlative and unambiguously illustrate the global reach of the T-OAE.

Intelectuales orgánicos y agitadores orgánicos. Siglo XII, España, Francia e Italia; Organic intellectuals and inorganic agitators : Spain, Italy and France : 12th century Astarita, Carlos Alberto Tomas Se estudian algunos de los agitadores e intelectuales que se desempeñaron en las revoluciones comunales de la Edad Media. Se realizan consideraciones metodológicas sobre las fuentes. A través de las crónicas se analizan discursos de reformadores, condiciones en las que se educaron y actuaron.; Are studied here some of the agitators and intellectuals who perfomed in communal revolutions in the Middle Ages. Methodological considerations are made about the sources. With the chronicles speeches are analized. Also conditions under which the acted and they were educated.

Detection of Nitric Oxide and Determination of Nitrite Concentrations in Arabidopsis thaliana and Azospirilum brasilense Foresi, Noelia Pamela; Correa Aragunde, Maria Natalia; Amenta, Melina Beatriz; Arruebarrena Di Palma, Andrés; Creus, Cecilia; Lamattina, Lorenzo There is now general agreement that nitric oxide (NO) is an important and almost ubiquitous signal in plants. Nevertheless, there are still many controversial observations and different opinions on the importance and functions of NO in plants. Partly, this may be due to the difficulties in detecting and even more in quantifying NO. Here, we summarize protocols for detecting NO and quantifying nitrite concentration in Arabidopisis seedlings and for the NO real time measurement in biofilms formed by the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Azospirillum brasilense (A. brasilense). NO in oxygen-containing aqueous solution has a short half-life that is often attributed to a rapid oxidation to nitrite. Here we detail the use of the fluorescent probe DAF-FM DA and the electrochemical method for directly detecting and quantifying NO, respectively, and the Griess reagent to indirectly detect NO through its oxidized nitrite form. These protocols could be useful in a variety of cell types and different tissues of plants, and for microorganisms.

Role of glucocorticoids in cystic ovarian disease: Expression of glucocorticoid receptor in the bovine ovary Amweg, Ayelen Noelia; Rodríguez, Fernanda Mariel; Huber, Emilia; Marelli, Belkis Ester; Salvetti, Natalia Raquel; Rey, Florencia; Ortega, Hugo Hector The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the components of normal bovine ovary and in animals with cystic ovarian disease (COD). Changes in the protein and mRNA expression levels were determined in control cows and cows with COD by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. GR protein expression in granulosa cells was higher in cysts from animals with spontaneous COD and adrenocorticotropic hormone-induced COD than in tertiary follicles from control animals. In theca interna cells, GR expression was higher in cysts from animals with spontaneous COD than in tertiary follicles from control animals. The increase in GR expression observed in cystic follicles suggests a mechanism of action for cortisol and its receptor through the activation/inactivation of specific transcription factors. These factors could be related to the pathogenesis of COD in cattle.