Physicochemical Properties and Proposed Mechanism in the Obtainment of 4-Hidroxycoumarin Conjugated Polymers Using MALDI-Tof Analysis Garro, Hugo Alejandro; Tonn, Carlos Eugenio The mechanism for the poly-condensation event of conjugated polymers with ending 4-hydroxycoumarin has been proposed. It happened under H2SO4 acidic conditions only using enolic-coumarins without any substituent at third position. It was studied using Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-Tof) mass spectrometry. Besides, some physicochemical properties were analyzed using Thermo-gravimetric (TGA), X-ray and UV-Vis analysis.

Editorial: Wet and dry periods in regions surrounding the Atlantic Ocean Basin Drumond, Anita; Rodriguez Fonseca, Belen; Reason, Chris; Solman, Silvina Alicia The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. It is bounded by the continents of America, Europe, and Africa and at its polewards margins by the Arctic and the Southern Oceans. Different climatic patterns can be observed along its large latitudinal domain, which extends from the equator to sub-polar regions. Thus, different tropical and extra-tropical meteorological systems may have some influence on the characterization of precipitation regimes observed surrounding the basin, such as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), tropical monsoon systems, westerly storm tracks, and atmospheric rivers. The subtropical regions of the Azores and South Atlantic high pressure systems are large evaporative areas which act as important moisture sources for the adjacent continents. Variations in the oceanic characteristics may influence the moisture transport toward the neighboring landmasses and alter the precipitation. The influence of climatic variability modes manifest not only over the Atlantic Ocean, but also over other oceanic regions, may also interact with the regional hydrological budget, thereby generating long periods of drought, or excessive precipitation over the Atlantic rim landmasses.

Spatial image compounding applied to a phase coherence corrected UT-PA technique for inspecting nuclear components of coarse-grained structure Brizuela, Jose David; Katchadjian, Pablo Esteban; Garcia, Alejandro; Desimone, Carlos The aim of this work is to obtain a C-Scan view of an austenitic stainless steel weld from a nuclear use pipe. In order to obtain this result Sectorial Scans (S-Scan) from both sides of the weld are obtained by Ultrasonic Phase Array (UT-PA). Then, spatial image compounding is performed to generate a single image from the S-Scans acquired at the same circumferential position of the transducer. These joints have a coarse grain structure which significantly reduce the transmission of the ultrasonic wave due to attenuation characteristics and backscattered noise from microstructures inside the material. For this reason, phase coherence imaging technique has been also applied to reduce the structural noise and improve the image quality. To verify detected defects, and given the impossibility of cutting the component, gammagraphy were performed with Co60.

Legislative Knowledge Networks, Status Quo Complexity, and the Approval of Law Initiatives Bonvecchi, Alejandro; Calvo, Ernesto F.; Stein, Ernesto In this article, we explore the role of legislative knowledge networks (LKN) in the enactment of tax policy in Argentina. Findings show that legislative innovation follows a hierarchical (power law) structure with a few distinct issue areas dominated by key enacted bills. Taxation in Argentina is well described by three main issue areas: the VAT laws, the income tax, and the revenue-sharing legislation. We provide evidence that complexity in the status quo, as described by a larger number of important precedent laws, reduces the likelihood of final approval. Our research departs from existing models of delegation by considering complexity in the status quo rather than complexity in the proposal. We argue that more complex status quo should be accounted for when trying to assess whether legislators draft more or less detailed law initiatives.

WDR45 mutations in Rett (-like) syndrome and developmental delay: Case report and an appraisal of the literature Hoffjan, Sabine; Ibisler, Aysegül; Tschentscher, Anne; Dekomien, Gabriele; Bidinost, Carla; Rosa, Alberto Luis Mutations in the WDR45 gene have been identified as causative for the only X-linked type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), clinically characterized by global developmental delay in childhood, followed by a secondary neurological decline with parkinsonism and/or dementia in adolescence or early adulthood. Recent reports suggest that WDR45 mutations are associated with a broader phenotypic spectrum. We identified a novel splice site mutation (c.440-2 A > G) in a 5-year-old Argentinian patient with Rett-like syndrome, exhibiting developmental delay, microcephaly, seizures and stereotypic hand movements, and discuss this finding, together with a review of the literature. Additional patients with a clinical diagnosis of Rett (-like) syndrome were also found to carry WDR45 mutations before (or without) clinical decline or signs of iron accumulation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This information indicates that WDR45 mutations should be added to the growing list of genetic alterations linked to Rett-like syndrome. Further, clinical symptoms associated with WDR45 mutations ranged from early-onset epileptic encephalopathy in a male patient with a deletion of WDR45 to only mild cognitive delay in a female patient, suggesting that analysis of this gene should be considered more often in patients with developmental delay, regardless of severity. The increasing use of next generation sequencing technologies as well as longitudinal follow-up of patients with an early diagnosis will help to gain additional insight into the phenotypic spectrum associated with WDR45 mutations.

Adsorption and mobility of glyphosate in different soils under no-till and conventional tillage Okada, Elena; Costa, Jose Luis; Bedmar, Francisco Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) is a post-emergence, non-selective, foliar herbicide. Around 200 million. liters of this herbicide are applied every year in Argentina, where the main agricultural practice is no-till (NT), accounting for 78.5% of the cultivated land. In this work, we studied the adsorption of glyphosate in different soils under long-term management (more than 16 years) of NT and conventional tillage (CT). Samples were taken from different regions of Argentina corresponding to: Paraná soil (PAR), a silty clay loam soil (< 37% clay), Manfredi (MAN) and Pergamino (PER), both silty loam soils (< 26% clay). We found that the adsorption was very high in all the soils, and it was particularly influenced by the soil clay content and CEC and negatively related to pH and phosphorus. In general, the adsorption coefficient (Kf) was higher in the CT samples. We also studied the vertical transport of glyphosate in undisturbed columns (15 cm long) and compared the effect of NT and CT. Less than 0.24% of the applied pesticide leached in all soils. No significant difference was found between the total amount of leached glyphosate between soils or tillage practice. The highest glyphosate concentration (67.53% of the initially applied doses) was found in the top 5 cm of the columns. The strong retention of glyphosate to the soil matrix, as confirmed by the high Kf values obtained in the isotherm studies, was the dominant factor influencing glyphosate mobility through the soil profile.

Entre lo público y lo privado: Empleadores y trabajadoras domésticas frente al Tribunal del Trabajo Doméstico de la ciudad de Buenos Aires; Between the public and the private worlds: Employers and domestic workers before the Council of Domestic Workin Buenos Aires Pérez, Inés; Canevaro, Santiago El servicio doméstico ocupa un lugar ambiguo entre los mundos público y privado. Desarrollado en el interior de los hogares de los empleadores, da lugar a relaciones en las que lo laboral y lo afectivo están imbricados. Los juicios laborales entre empleadores y trabajadoras domésticas constituyen un escenario privilegiado para observar el solapamiento de estas dimensiones. Si las demandas de las trabajadoras frente a las instituciones de justicia sitúan esta relación en el mundo público, las respuestas de los empleadores muchas veces buscan resituarlas en el orden privado. Por otra parte, en algunos escenarios, las demandas de las trabajadoras son también expresadas en un lenguaje que remite a lo privado. En este artículo analizamos las lógicas de la confl ictividad judicial establecidas en las estrategias de empleadores y trabajadoras frente al Tribunal del Trabajo Doméstico (TTD), un organismo creado en 1956 para atender los confl ictos individuales que derivan de las relaciones de trabajo de este sector en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Tomamos dos horizontes temporales caracterizados por cambios en la regulación del trabajo, en general, y del servicio doméstico, en particular: el de los primeros años de funcionamiento del TTD y el cambio de siglo.; Domestic service occupies an ambiguous place between the public and private worlds. Performed inside the employers’ homes, it gives place to relationships in which labor and affection are intertwined. The labor lawsuits between employers and domestic workers are a privileged stage to watch the overlap of these dimensions. While the demands of the workers before the institutions of justice put these relationships in the public world, the responses of employers often seek to resituate them in the private domain. Moreover, in some scenarios, the demands of the workers were also expressed in a language that refers to the private sphere. This article analyzes the logics of judicial confl icts in the strategies of employers and workers before the Council of Domestic Work (TTD), an institution created in 1956 to address individual disputes arising from employment relations in this sector in the city of Buenos Aires. We take two time horizons characterized by changes in labor regulation in general terms and, particularly, in domestic service: the early years of the TTD and the turn of the twentieth century.

Consumo de alcohol y su relación con la autopercepción adolescente; Alcohol consumption and its relationship with the adolescent self-perception Calero, Alejandra Daniela; Schmidt, Vanina Ines; Bugallo, Lucía Resumen. a) Fundamentación. El consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia representa un problema de salud pública prioritario dada su prevalencia en este grupo etario. Asimismo, las autopercepciones han mostrado tener una gran importancia para el desarrollo adolescente. b) Objetivos. Estudiar la relación entre la cantidad y frecuencia de consumo de alcohol y los dominios del autoconcepto y la autoestima durante la adolescencia. c) Metodología. Participaron 397 adolescentes escolarizados de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, quienes respondieron el Cuestionario Consumo –Frecuencia- CEEA (consumo episódico excesivo de alcohol) y el Perfil de Autopercepción. d) Resultados. Los adolescentes que indicaron un mejor autoconcepto en atractivo amoroso consumen más cantidad de alcohol y con más frecuencia. Se encontraron diferencias en los resultados en función del grado de escolaridad de los adolescentes y también en función del sexo. Asimismo, se hallaron diferencias en distintos dominios del autoconcepto entre abstinentes y consumidores moderados con CEEA. e) Conclusión. Las conclusiones derivadas del presente estudio podrían interpretarse considerando el estereotipo adolescente imperante, y la naturalización y tolerancia social respecto del consumo, todos aspectos del contexto social en el que los adolescentes se desarrollan y construyen el concepto de sí.

REGISTRO DE NIDIFICACIÓN DEL MACÁ GRIS (Tachybaptus dominicus) EN SANTA FE, ARGENTINA Lorenzón, Rodrigo Ezequiel; Antoniazzi, C.E.; Beltzer, A. El Macá Gris (Tachybaptus dominicus) se distribuye desde el sur de Estados Unidos y las Antillas Mayores hasta el centro-norte de Argentina y sur de Uruguay. En Argentina es considerado escaso o raro por la mayoría de los autores . En Argentina, el área reproductiva del Macá Gris es poco conocida debido a la escasa evidencia documentada en los trabajos que mencionan su presencia. La especie nidificaría en las provincias del norte: Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Formosa y Chaco, la Mesopotamia: Corrientes, Entre Ríos y Misiones, y recientemente fue hallado nidificando en provincia de Buenos Aires. En Santa Fe cuenta con escasas observaciones y su estatus es desconocido. En esta nota presentamos algunas observaciones de una pareja de Macá Gris que nidificó en la localidad de Monte Vera, provincia de Santa Fe.

Communication: Isotopic effects on tunneling motions in the water trimer Videla, Pablo Ernesto; Rossky, Peter J.; Laria, Daniel Hector We present results of ring polymer molecular dynamics simulations that shed light on the effects of nuclear quantum fluctuations on tunneling motions in cyclic [H2O]3 and [D2O]3, at the representative temperature of T = 75 K. In particular, we focus attention on free energies associated with two key isomerization processes: The first one corresponds to flipping transitions of dangling OH bonds, between up and down positions with respect to the O-O-O plane of the cluster; the second involves the interchange between connecting and dangling hydrogen bond character of the H-atoms in a tagged water molecule. Zero point energy and tunneling effects lead to sensible reductions of the free energy barriers. Due to the lighter nature of the H nuclei, these modifications are more marked in [H2O]3 than in [D2O]3. Estimates of the characteristic time scales describing the flipping transitions are consistent with those predicted based on standard transition-state-approximation arguments.

Home at last: The enigmatic genera Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon (Compositae, Mutisioideae, Mutisieae, Adenocaulinae) Funk, Vicki A.; Pasini, Eduardo; Bonifacino, J. Mauricio; Katinas, Liliana The genera Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon (Compositae) have distinct but complex histories and both have been placed in a number of tribes across the family. For the first time the two genera are included in a molecular study and the results show that they are best placed in the tribe Mutisieae s.s. and are the only genera in the re-instated subtribe Adenocaulinae. When described, this subtribe contained only Adenocaulon and was found in the Inuleae. The study also confirms one of the conclusions of a recent morphological study that Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon are sister taxa. Past difficulties in tribal assignment are attributed to the distinct and unusual morphology of each genus. Both genera and the subtribe are described and a key to separate the genera is provided.

Microglia and astrocyte activation in the frontal cortex of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Chanaday Ricagni, Natalí Luján; Roth, German Alfredo Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used animal model for the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating and neurodegenerative pathology of the central nervous system. Both diseases share physiopathological and clinical characteristics, mainly associated with a neuroinflammatory process that leads to a set of motor, sensory, and cognitive symptoms. In MS, gray matter atrophy is related to the emergence of cognitive deficits and contributes to clinical progression. In particular, injury and dysfunction in certain areas of the frontal cortex (FrCx) have been related to the development of cognitive impairments with high incidence, like central fatigue and executive dysfunction. In the present work we show the presence of region-specific microglia and astrocyte activation in the FrCx, during the first hours of acute EAE onset. It is accompanied by the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, in the absence of detectable leukocyte infiltration. These findings expand previous studies showing presynaptic neural dysfunction occurring at the FrCx and might contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the genesis and prevalence of common MS symptoms.

Synergism in the desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil models by mixed surfactant solutions Sales, Pablo Sebastián; Fernández, Mariana Adela This study investigates the effect of a mixed surfactant system on the desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil model systems. The interaction of a non-ionic surfactant, Tween 80, and an anionic one, sodium laurate, forming mixed micelles, produces several beneficial effects, including reduction of adsorption onto solid of the non-ionic surfactant, decrease in the precipitation of the fatty acid salt, and synergism to solubilize PAHs from solids compared with individual surfactants.

Dark-soliton collisions in a toroidal Bose-Einstein condensate Jezek, Dora Marta; Capuzzi, Pablo; Cataldo, Horacio Maximo We study the dynamics of two gray solitons in a Bose-Einstein condensate confined by a toroidal trap with a tight confinement in the radial direction. Gross-Pitaevskii simulations show that solitons can be long-living objects passing through many collisional processes. We have observed quite different behaviors depending on the soliton velocity. Very slow solitons, obtained by perturbing the stationary solitonic profile, move with a constant angular velocity until they collide elastically and move in the opposite direction without showing any sign of lowering their energy. In this case the density notches are always well separated and the fronts are sharp and straight. Faster solitons present vortices around the notches, which play a central role during the collisions. We have found that in these processes the solitons lose energy, as the outgoing velocity turns out to be larger than the incoming one. To study the dynamics, we model the gray soliton state with a free parameter that is related to the soliton velocity. We further analyze the energy, soliton velocity, and turning points in terms of such a free parameter, finding that the main features are in accordance with the infinite one-dimensional system.

Independent Evolution of Suction Feeding in Neobatrachia: Feeding Mechanisms in Two Species of Telmatobius (Anura:Telmatobiidae) Barrionuevo, Jose Sebastian The most common feeding mechanism among aquatic vertebrates as fishes, turtles, and salamanders is inertial suction. However, among the more than 6,400 species of anurans, suction feeding occurs only in pipids. Pipidae is a small basal lineage relative to Neobatrachia, an enormous clade that contains about 96% of extant anurans. The Andean neobatrachian frogs of the genus Telmatobius include strictly aquatic and semiaquatic species. Diet analyses indicate that some species of Telmatobius feed on strictly aquatic prey, but until now their feeding mechanisms have been unknown. Herein, the feeding mechanisms in two species of Telmatobius, that represent the two predominant modes of life in the genus, are explored. The semiaquatic T. oxycephalus and the fully aquatic T. rubigo are studied using high-speed cinematography and standard anatomical techniques to provide a qualitative approach to feeding behavior and a detailed morphological description of the mouth, tongue, hyoid and related muscles. T. oxycephalus uses similar mechanisms of aquatic prey capture as do the vast majority of anurans that are capable of forage in water, whereas the fully aquatic T. rubigo is an inertial suction feeder. This is the first report of an objective record of this unique feeding behavior in a Neobatrachian. Several morphological characters seem to be related with this function and are convergent with those of pipids.

Acquired TERT promoter mutations activate TERT expression in mantle cell lymphoma Panero, Julieta; Alves Paiva, Raquel; Roisman, Alejandro; Santana Lemos, Barbara; Falcao, Roberto P.; Oliveira, Gustavo; Martins, Diego; Stanganelli, Carmen Graciela; Slavutsky, Irma Rosa; Calado, Rodrigo Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive lymphoid neoplasm with poor prognosis. Acquired telomerasereverse transcriptase gene promoter (TERTp) mutations are among the most frequent somatic non-codingmutations in cancers. In this study, the prevalence of TERTp mutations in 24 MCL and 21 other lymphoidneoplasias (oLN) was investigated. Eight MCL samples (33%) carried TERTp mutations, two homozygous andsix heterozygous (seven C228T and one C250T), which directly correlated with higher TERT transcription,mitochondrial DNA copy number, and IGHV mutational status in MCL neoplastic cells. TERTp mutations werenot found in oLN. TERTp mutations correlated with more lymphoma proliferation and tumor burden, assuggested by the higher number of lymphoma cells circulating in peripheral blood, and tended to associatewith longer MCL telomeres, especially in homozygous mutants, although not statistically significant.Telomere-biology genes were overexpressed in MCL cells in comparison to healthy lymphocytes, but werenot influenced by mutation status. The findings described for the first time that acquired TERTp mutationsare common in MCL but not in other lymphoid neoplasms. It was also demonstrated that TERTp mutationsassociated with higher TERT mRNA expression in MCL cells in vivo and higher tumor burden, suggestingthese mutations as a driver event in MCL development and progression.

Soluble RANKL production by leukemic cells in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with bone destruction Borge, Mercedes; Delpino, María Victoria; Podaza, Enrique Arturo; Stanganelli, Carmen Graciela; Palau Nagore, Maria Virginia; Roisman, Alejandro; Slavutsky, Irma Rosa; Palacios, Maria F.; Ledesma, Ignacio; Arra, Antonio; Diaz, Alicia; Giordano, Mirta Nilda; Gamberale, Romina; Bezares, Raimundo F. Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor j B Ligand(RANKL) is a member of the TNF-a superfamily normallyproduced by osteoblasts and stromal cells, whichactivates its receptor RANK present on osteoclasts andosteoclast precursors, thus favoring their differentiationand activity. An aberrant expression of RANKL was previouslyreported in a proportion of B cell malignanciessuch as Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiplemyeloma (MM) and follicular lymphoma

Physiological and genetic differences amongst Rhodococcus species for using glycerol as a source for growth and triacylglycerol production Herrero, Ornella Marisa; Moncalián, Gabriel; Alvarez, Hector Manuel We analysed the ability of five different rhodococcal species to grow and produce triacylglycerols (TAGs) from glycerol, the main byproduct of biodiesel production. Rhodococcus fascians and Rhodococcus erythropolis grew fast on glycerol, whereas Rhodococcus opacus and Rhodococcus jostii exhibited a prolonged lag phase of several days before growing. Rhodococcus equi only exhibited poor growth on glycerol. R. erythropolis DSMZ 43060 and R. fascians F7 produced 3.9–4.3 g cell biomass l− 1 and 28.4–44.6 % cellular dry weight (CDW) of TAGs after 6 days of incubation; whereas R. opacus PD630 and R. jostii RHA1 produced 2.5–3.8 g cell biomass l− 1 and 28.3–38.4 % CDW of TAGs after 17 days of growth on glycerol. Genomic analyses revealed two different sets of genes for glycerol uptake and degradation (here named clusters 1 and 2) amongst rhodococci. Those species that possessed cluster 1 (glpFK1D1) (R. fascians and R. erythropolis) exhibited fast growth and lipid accumulation, whereas those that possessed cluster 2 (glpK2D2) (R. opacus, R. jostii and R. equi) exhibited delayed growth and lipid accumulation during cultivation on glycerol. Three glycerol-negative strains were complemented for their ability to grow and produce TAGs by heterologous expression of glpK2 from R. opacus PD630. In addition, we significantly reduced the extension of the lag phase and improved glycerol assimilation and oil production of R. opacus PD630 when expressing glpK1D1 from R. fascians. The results demonstrated that rhodococci are a flexible and amenable biological system for further biotechnological applications based on the reutilization of glycerol.

Human Microbiota of the Argentine Population- A pilot study Carbonetto, María Belén; Fabbro Frías, Mónica Carolina; Sciara, Mariela Ines; Serevalle, Analia; Mejico, Guadalupe; Revale, Santiago; Romero, Soledad; Brun, Bianca; Fay, Marcelo; Fay, Fabian; Vazquez, Martin Pablo The human microbiota is the collection of microorganisms living in or on the human body. An imbalance or dysbiosis in these microbial communities can be associated with a wide variety of human diseases (Petersen and Round, 2014; Pham and Lawley, 2014; Zaura et al., 2014). Moreover, when the microbiota of the same body sites is compared between different healthy individuals, specific microbial community features are apparent (Li et al., 2012; Yatsunenko et al., 2012; Oh et al., 2014; Relman, 2015). In addition, specific selective pressures are found at distinct body sites leading to different patterns in microbial community structure and composition (Costello et al., 2009; Consortium, 2012b; Zhou et al., 2013). Because of these natural variations, a comprehensive characterization of the healthy microbiota is critical for predicting alterations related to diseases. This characterization should be based on a broad healthy population over time, geography, and culture (Yatsunenko et al., 2012; Shetty et al., 2013; Leung et al., 2015; Ross et al., 2015). The study of healthy individuals representing different ages, cultural traditions, and ethnic origins will enable to understand how the associated microbiota varies between populations and respond to different lifestyles. It is important to address these natural variations in order to later detect variations related to disease.

Taxonomy of the Phyllotis osilae species group in Argentina; the status of the “Rata de los nogales” (Phyllotis nogalaris Thomas, 1921; Rodentia: Cricetidae) Jayat, Jorge Pablo; Ortiz, Pablo Edmundo; Gonzalez, Francisco Rodrigo; D'elía, Guillermo The taxonomic status of populations of the genus Phyllotis from northwestern Argentina (NWA) has undergone recent changes, with the addition of two species (P. alisosiensis and P. anitae) to the traditionally recognized forms (P. caprinus, P. xanthopygus, and P. osilae). Three of these species (P. anitae, P. osilae, and P. alisosiensis) were included within the Phyllotis osilae species group. Most authors recognized three subspecies of P. osilae for NWA: P. osilae osilae, P. o. nogalaris, and P. o. tucumanus. Morphological, morphometric, and molecular studies based on recently collected specimens suggest that current classification does not reflect the diversity of this group in NWA, revealing the need of some taxonomic reallocations and new distributional delimitations. Here we propose that P. nogalaris must be recognized as a valid species and the restriction of P. osilae to southern Peru and central Bolivia. Following our results, we expect an outstanding improvement in the taxonomic knowledge of the Phyllotis osilae species group in the coming years.