Las colecciones de enseñanza científica como fuentes para la Historia de la ciencia García, Susana Valeria; Mayoni, María Gabriela El propósito de este trabajo es doble, por un lado, discutir las potencialidades que ofrece el estudio de las colecciones científicas de los colegios secundarios para la historia de la ciencia. Por otro, presentar algunas cuestiones y fuentes documentales relacionadas con la formación de los gabinetes escolares de historia natural en la Argentina. Esas colecciones testimonian el floreciente comercio de materiales científicos y el crecimiento de la industria escolar en la segunda parte del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX. El estudio de esos artefactos permite examinar la circulación de los objetos y los conocimientos científicos y cómo estos se transforman en ese movimiento y en su uso. A su vez, constituyen fuentes para investigar múltiples aspectos de la cultura material y visual de la ciencia y la educación. Tanto en el diseño como en el uso de esos artefactos es posible detectar un conjunto diverso de decisiones pedagógicas, conceptuales, estéticas y técnicas, y aun comerciales, en torno a la presentación de la información científica.; The purpose of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, we discuss the potentialities that the study of scientific collections of secondary schools offers to the History of Science. On the other, we will present some issues and documental sources related to the formation of school cabinets of natural history in Argentina. These collections testify the flourishing trade of scientific materials and the growth of didactic industry during the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century. The study of these materials allows examining the circulation of scientific knowledge and objects and how they were transformed in that movement and use. Also, they can be useful sources to investigate multiple aspects of the material and visual culture of science and education. Both in the design and use of these artifacts, it is possible to analyse a diverse group of pedagogical, conceptual, aesthetic and technical decisions, and even those commercial, about the presentation of scientific information.

Multitudes ambientalistas en lucha contra los agrotóxicos Carrizo, Cecilia; Berger, Mauricio Sebastian A partir de nuestra participación como investigadores en las luchas contra los agrotóxicos en provincias argentinas -llevadas a cabo por ciudadanos por fuera de las estructuras partidarias del sistema político- reconocemos una diversidad de experiencias de ejercicio de la autonomía individual y pública que destituyen e instituyen reglas y autoridades, reapropiándose de los saberes de sus condiciones concretas de existencia. Reconstruimos, a partir de conversaciones con los protagonistas y análisis de documentos, tres experiencias de lucha contra los agrotóxicos en los últimos cinco años en Córdoba, una de las principales provincias productoras de soya; identificando en cada caso la pluralidad de saberes y prácticas puestas en juego. Finalmente proponemos recuperar las nociones de Multitudes y de Justicia Ambiental, para contribuir a la autocomprensión de las luchas como políticas y a la reflexión sobre el anacronismo de seguir llamando sociales a las prácticas que, por fuera del sistema político representativo, resisten el modelo de los agronoegocios.; Since our participation as scholars in the struggles against the use of agrotoxics in argentinian provinces, we recognize a diversity of political and democratic experiences which are held by citizens outside the political parties structures. Acting individual and public autonomy, these citizen’s practices institute and undermine rules and official authorities as they reapropiate the wisdoms about their concrete conditions of existence. From this framework we present a reconstruction of three struggles against the use of agrotoxics within the last five years in the province of Cordoba, Argentina- one of the main soybean producers- and we identify the plurality of citizen's wisdoms and practices that take place in this context. Finally we recover the notion of Multitude and Environmental Justice as a contribution to the self- comprehension of the struggles as political, and to the reflection of that anachronism that keeps calling social those practices that resist the model of the agribusiness outside of the political representation system.

Antifungal Activity of extracts from two Ouratea species on Candida albicans de Araújo, Marcelo Francisco; Catunda, Francisco Eduardo Aragão; Alvarez, María Gabriela; Durantini, Edgardo Néstor; Carvalho, Mário Geraldo de Plants are invaluable sources of pharmaceutical products and Brazil, in particular, has yielded an incredible array of plant and animal products that have drawn the attention of ethnopharmacologists from around the world. Ouratea is a genus of tropical plants within the Ochnaceae. Ouratea is widespread throughtout the tropics, with species in Costa Rica, Brazil, Jamaica, and Kenya. The search for compounds with antimicrobial activity is urgent and indispensable for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by microorganisms resistant to traditional antimicrobial drugs. A screening was conducted with organic extracts from two species, from roots and leaves of Ouratea hexasperma var. planchonii Engl. and leaves and branches of Ouratea parviflora Engl., to identify plant extracts with antifungal properties against Candida albicans. Initially, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined in C. albicans cellular suspension in Sabouraud medium, in a range of 0.060-3.0 mg/ml. Fractions OHRMWE (Ethyl acetate fraction) and OHLMWB (Buthanol fraction) obtained by solvents partition of methanol:water extract from Ouratea hexasperma with ethyl acetate from the roots and n-butanol from the leaves, respectively, showed a higher antifungal activity. The antifungal activity of these extracts was also compared in growth delay of C. albicans cultures.

Insulin-deficient diabetes-induced bone microarchitecture alterations are associated with a decrease in the osteogenic potential of bone marrow progenitor cells: Preventive effects of metformin. Tolosa, María José; Chuguransky, Sara Rocío; Sedlinsky, Claudia; Schurman, León; McCarthy, Antonio Desmond; Molinuevo, María Silvina; Cortizo, Ana María Aims Diabetes mellitus is associated with metabolic bone disease and increased low-impact fractures. The insulin-sensitizer metformin possesses in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo osteogenic effects, although this has not been adequately studied in the context of diabetes. We evaluated the effect of insulin-deficient diabetes and/or metformin on bone microarchitecture, on osteogenic potential of bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPC) and possible mechanisms involved. Methods Partially insulin-deficient diabetes was induced in rats by nicotinamide/streptozotocin-injection, with or without oral metformin treatment. Femoral metaphysis micro-architecture, ex vivo osteogenic potential of BMPC, and BMPC expression of Runx-2, PPARγ and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) were investigated. Results Histomorphometric analysis of diabetic femoral metaphysis demonstrated a slight decrease in trabecular area and a significant reduction in osteocyte density, growth plate height and TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) activity in the primary spongiosa. BMPC obtained from diabetic animals showed a reduction in Runx-2/PPARγ ratio and in their osteogenic potential, and an increase in RAGE expression. Metformin treatment prevented the diabetes-induced alterations in bone micro-architecture and BMPC osteogenic potential. Conclusion Partially insulin-deficient diabetes induces deleterious effects on long-bone micro-architecture that are associated with a decrease in BMPC osteogenic potential, which could be mediated by a decrease in their Runx-2/PPARγ ratio and up-regulation of RAGE. These diabetes-induced alterations can be totally or partially prevented by oral administration of metformin.

Defending the Guilty: a moral justification Seleme, Hugo Omar There are certain acts necessary to exercise the legal profession within an adversary system that are usually morally condemned by public opinion. If the lawyer knows that his or her client is guilty and is aware, therefore, that he or she deserves punishment, defending him or her appears to imply some sort of deceit or interference in the attainment of a just result. The hypothesis defended in the present paper is that the strategies that are usually adopted to rebut public condemnation have not been successful on account of the moral costs involved in assuming each of them. Strategies based on ‘role morality’ are not an exception. The purpose of this paper is to offer a rebuttal of the condemnation argument that does not entail any moral cost. This novel counterargument is based on the prospective conception of obligation developed by Michael Zimmerman.

Error bounds in diffusion tensor estimation using multiple-coil acquisition systems Beltrachini, Leandro; Von Ellenrieder, Nicolás; Muravchik, Carlos Horacio We extend the diffusion tensor (DT) signal model for multiple-coil acquisition systems. Considering the sum-of-squares reconstruction method, we compute the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) assuming the widely accepted noncentral chi distribution. Within this framework, we assess the effect of noise in DT estimation and other measures derived from it, as a function of the number of acquisition coils, as well as other system parameters. We show the applications of CRB in many actual problems related to DT estimation: we compare different gradient field setup schemes proposed in the literature and show how the CRB can be used to choose a convenient one; we show that for fiber-type anisotropy tensors the ellipsoidal area ratio (EAR) can be estimated with less error than other scalar factors such as the fractional anisotropy (FA) or the relative anisotropy (RA), and that for this type of anisotropy tensors, increasing the number of coils is equivalent to increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, i.e., the information of the different coils can be regarded as independent. Also, we present results showing the CRB of several parameters for actual DT-MRI data. We conclude that the CRB is a valuable tool to optimal experiment design in DT-related studies.

¿Dónde pintar? Un análisis comparativo mediante SIG como aproximación a las decisiones humanas; Where to paint? A comparative gis analisys as an aproach to human decision making Magnin, Lucia Angelica La localidad La Primavera (provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina), fue ocupada por grupos cazadores-recolectores móviles desde el Holoceno temprano al tardío (ca. 9.500-940 AP). En estudios previos, la distribución de evidencias arqueológicas en este sector fue analizada mediante sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) con la finalidad de estudiar aspectos de la movilidad y el uso diferencial del espacio. De este modo fue posible detectar recurrencias en la localización de distintos tipos de evidencia y una serie de factores ambientales.. En el caso de los lugares con arte rupestre, su localización se encuentra condicionada por la presencia de soportes rocosos adecuados en cuevas y aleros cuya existencia está determinada por la geomorfología local. Es por eso que para profundizar los conocimientos acerca de las decisiones humanas y los procesos de producción en el contexto del paisaje, es necesario analizar antes la disponibilidad natural de los soportes rocosos adecuados para pintar. El presente trabajo se propone abordar este problema comparando localizaciones de cuevas que presentan arte rupestre con otras que no presentan arte a pesar de contar con soportes y poseer buenas condiciones para la preservación de pinturas. Los resultados obtenidos no alcanzan una significación estadística, pero muestran tendencias que permiten plantear como hipótesis que las cuevas elegidas para realizar pinturas serían aquellas más cercanas a recursos como las aguadas, las fuentes de aprovisionamiento de rocas útiles para la talla, y de ocre para confección de pinturas. A su vez, los espacios escogidos se encontrarían más cerca de las vías de movilidad del paisaje y presentarían cuencas visuales más amplias.; La Primavera (Santa Cruz province, Argentina) archaeological locality was occupied by mobile hunter-gatherers from early to late Holocene (ca. 9500-940 BP). In previous studies, the distributions of archaeological evidences at this locality were analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (SIG) to detect recurrences in the use of space. Among the different evidence classes analyzed, the rock art distribution is conditioned by the presence of naturally available rock surfaces, and these are determined in turn by local geomorphology. Therefore, to study human decisions and art production in the context of the landscape, it is necessary to consider the distribution of naturally available rock surfaces. To address this problem, in this article locations of caves with rock art are compared with locations of caves without art which present rock surfaces adequate for painting and present good preservation conditions. The results obtained do not reach a statistical significance, but allow us to formulate the following working hypotheses: the caves chosen to perform paintings where those located closer to resources as water sources, lithic quarries, ochre pigments sources, closer to mobility pathways and which present wider viewsheds.

Toma de decisiones en adolescentes: rendimiento bajo diferentes condiciones de información e intoxicación alcohólica; Decision-making in Adolescents: Performance under Different Conditions of Information and Alcohol Intoxication Acuña, Hugo Ignacio; Castillo, Daniela Susana; Bechara, Antoine; Godoy, Juan Carlos El objetivo fue evaluar la toma de decisiones en adolescentes. Se utilizó la Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) y la Game of Dice Task (GDT). Se utilizó un diseño experimental con pre y postest donde se manipuló el tratamiento (intoxicado/no intoxicado) y la información recibida (verdadera/falsa). Se evaluaron 77 participantes voluntarios entre 18 y 25 años. Para analizar los datos se utilizaron ANOVAs. Se encontraron diferencias en hombres y mujeres en relación a las distintas puntuaciones de la IGT y GDT. Encontrar efectos relacionados al sexo de los participantes coincide con lo informado en algunos estudios. El mejor rendimiento de las mujeres en la GDT puede explicarse teniendo en cuenta que las funciones ejecutivas están implicadas, lo que daría ventaja a las mujeres. Finalmente, los resultados relacionados a la intoxicación podrían mostrar que el alcohol afecta la calidad de la toma de decisiones.; The aim was to assess decision-making in adolescents. To this, we used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Game of Dice Task (GDT). We used an experimental design with pre-post-test where we manipulated the treatment (Intoxicated/ Non Intoxicated) and the information received (True/False). 77 volunteers were evaluated between 18 and 25 years old. Data was analyzed using ANOVA. We found differences between men and women in different scores on the IGT and GDT. Sex-related effects of the participants agreed with other studies. The better performance of women on the GDT can be explained taking into account that executive functions are involved in task execution, at which women perform better. Finally, results related to intoxication suggest that alcohol affects the quality of decision making.

Hacia la reconstrucción de las tendencias jurisprudenciales en América Latina y el Caribe en materia de igualdad: sobre la no-discriminación, la no-dominación y la redistribución y el reconocimiento; Towards a reconstruction of equality case-law trends in Latin America and the Caribbean: on non-discrimination, anti-subordination, redistribution and recognition Clérico, María Laura; Ronconi, Liliana Mabel; Aldao, Martin Maria Fruto de una de las líneas de investigación del equipo que integro, el presente trabajo fue escrito en colaboración por la magnitud de la información relevada en materia de jurisprudencia regional. Mi intervención en el artículo se concentró en el análisis conceptual de las diversas fórmulas de igualdad, en particular en sus versiones más avanzadas; y en el relevamiento, selección y análisis de la jurisprudencia vinculada a pobreza, nacionalidad y orientación sexual. En el mismo se propone establecer la medida en que la jurisprudencia de los tribunales superiores y constitucionales de la región puede ser reconstruida como un indicador de la receptividad (o no) del enfoque de la desigualdad estructural. Sostenemos que es necesario ampliar la fórmula de igualdad como principio de no-dominación o no-sometimiento. Desde esa perspectiva se analizan con detenimiento los casos llegados a la Cortes y Tribunales de diversos Estados de América Latina y el Caribe sobre desigualdad por razón de pobreza, de nacionalidad, de etnia, de la situación de discapacidad, de la edad o de la orientación sexual. excluimos la jurisprudencia en materia de género o de pueblo o comunidades originarias por haber sido objeto de otros trabajos.; The article begins by 1) presenting the reader to some generalities concerning the equality test (the concept of formal equality and substantive equality in terms of antisubordination and the perspectives of redistribution and recognition). It then reviews decisions from a number of Latin American countries ' high courts as well as others rendered by the Inter American Commission on Human Rights (I/A CHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IA Court HR) related to discrimination based on nationality, age, disability, and sexual orientation. The analysis of the cases shall contribute to determine the concept of equality that prevails in each decision (as evidenced in the grounds provided by the judge as well as in the remedies awarded). Finally we attempt to draw some conclusions over the prevailing trend in the region concerning equality.

Estado nutricional y hábitos alimentarios de poblaciones de regiones de altura del Noroeste Argentino; Nutritional status and food intake of populations from high altitude regions of the Northwest of Argentina Bassett, Maria Natalia; Giménez, María Alejandra; Romaguera, Dora; Samman, Norma Cristina El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar el estado nutricional y la ingesta de alimentos de poblaciones andinas del Noroeste de Argentina. Se realizó una encuesta nutricional a una muestra representativa de las poblaciones de altura del noroeste de Argentina. Se tomó mediciones antropométricas, se registró la ingesta de alimentos a través de un recordatorio de 24h y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo. El retraso del crecimiento (talla para la edad según Z<-2 desviaciones estándares) fue el principal problema nutricional en los niños y adolescentes de la Puna y Quebrada. Mientras que el sobrepeso y la obesidad, evaluado a través de IMC > percentil 85 y 95 respectivamente, fueron los principales problemas nutricionales en los adolescentes de los Valles de altura. Las poblaciones adultas presentaron alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, de acuerdo al IMC medio determinado. La composición típica del plato principal de toda la región tiene una base de arroz, pasta, harina de trigo o maíz que puede ser acompañada por tubérculos o huevos, o pocas hortalizas y carne de vaca o de llama. Este plato varía poco de un día para otro, constituyendo una dieta monótona, con alto consumo de azúcares (bebidas azucaradas y dulces) y cereales refinados. Estos resultados sugieren que estas poblaciones estarían en etapas tempranas de transición nutricional y podrían ser el punto de partida para fomentar consumos de alimentos más saludables y una dieta menos monótona. Sería recomendable reincorporar productos autóctonos de la región.; The purpose of this work was to study the nutritional status and food intake of Andean populations of Northwest of Argentine. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in representative samples of populations of highland from Argentine. Also anthropometric measurements, a food intake, a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire were performed and recorded. Stunting (height-for-age Z-score <-2 standard deviations) was the main nutritional problem in children and adolescents in the area of Puna and Quebrada regions. While overweight and obesity, evaluated by BMI> 85th and 95th percentile respectively, were the main nutritional problems among adolescents in the Valleys. Adult populations showed higher prevalence of overweight and obesity according to BMI determined. These are important risk factors for cardiovascular and chronic diseases.Usually the typical composition of the main food dish of regions has a base of rice, pasta, flour or corn, accompanied by tubers or eggs, or a few vegetables and beef. This dish varies little from one day to another, constituting a monotonous diet with a high intake of sugar (sugary drinks and sweets) and refined grains. Results suggest that these populations would be in early stages of nutritional transition and could be the starting point to promote them healthier food consumption and a diet less monotonous. It would be recommendable reincorporate native products of the region.

Abundance of the quorum-sensing factor Ax21 in four strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia correlates with mortality rate in a new zebrafish model of infection Ferrer Navarro, Mario; Planell, Raquel; Yero, Daniel; Mongiardini, Elias Javier; Torrent, Gerard; Huedo, Pol; Martinez, Paula; Roher, Nerea; Mackenzie, Simon; Gibert, Isidre; Daura, Xavier Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative pathogen with emerging nosocomial incidence. Little is known about its pathogenesis and the genomic diversity exhibited by clinical isolates complicates the study of pathogenicity and virulence factors. Here, we present a strategy to identify such factors in new clinical isolates of S. maltophilia, incorporating an adultzebrafish model of S. maltophilia infection to evaluate relative virulence coupled to 2D difference gel electrophoresis to explore underlying differences in protein expression. In this study we report upon three recent clinical isolates and use the collection strain ATCC13637 as a reference. The adult-zebrafish model shows discrimination capacity, i.e. from very low to very high mortality rates, with clinical symptoms very similar to those observed in natural S. maltophilia infections in fish. Strain virulence correlates with resistance to human serum, in agreement with previous studies in mouse and rat and therefore supporting zebrafish as a replacement model. Despite its clinical origin, the collection strain ATCC13637 showed obvious signs of attenuation in zebrafish, with null mortality. Multilocus-sequence-typing analysis revealed that the most virulent strains, UV74 and M30, exhibit the strongest genetic similitude. Differential proteomic analysis led to the identification of 38 proteins with significantly different abundance in the three clinical strains relative to the reference strain. Orthologs of several of these proteins have been already reported to have a role in pathogenesis, virulence or resistance mechanisms thus supporting our strategy. Proof of concept is further provided by protein Ax21, whose abundance is shown here to be directly proportional to mortality in the zebrafish infection model. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that this protein is a quorum-sensing-related virulence factor.

Resveratrol modulates ATPase activity of liposome-reconstituted ABCG1 de Athayde Moncovo Collado, Alejandro; Corbalan, Natalia Soledad; Homolya, László; Morero, Roberto Dionisio; Minahk, Carlos Javier ABCG1 is a half-sized transporter with an unquestionable importance in cholesterol homeostasis. So far, its expression and thus its activity was suggested to be regulated at transcriptional level by LXR and PPAR agonists including polyphenols. However, it is unknown whether there are other mechanisms of up-regulation of ABCG1 activity. In the present work resveratrol was shown to induce a nearly twofold increase in ATPase activity of reconstituted ABCG1. Evidence is presented for the first time suggesting that resveratrol is able to activate ABCG1 activity by an alternative mechanism that involves an indirect interaction.

Icnología de la formación Río Mayer, Cretácico inferior, Sudoeste de Gondwana, Patagonia, Argentina; Ichnology of the Río Mayer formation, Lower Cretaceous, Southwestern Gondwana, Patagonia, Argentina Richiano, Sebastián Miguel; Poire, Daniel Gustavo; Varela, Augusto Nicolás The Río Mayer Formation was deposited during the Early Cretaceous in the Austral Basin (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina) and includes black shales with intercalated sandstones and marls. Abundant information is available on its palaeontological content, especially on ammonoids, but detailed ichnological studies are lacking. Sedimentological and ichnological data were collected in the Río Guanaco area (49°57′11″S—72°04′56″W). Three sections were identified and described in detail. The lower Section was deposited during the Berriasian—Valanginian and is composed of black shales. The middle section including black marls with intercalated black shales was deposited during the Valanginian—Hauterivian. The upper section is composed of black shales with frequent thin intercalations of finegrained sandstones (Barremian—Albian). Six ichnogenera were identified: Zoophycos, Chondrites, Bergaueria, Ophiomorpha, Palaeophycus and Teredolites. The most abundant and constant is Zoophycos, arranged in three morphological groups. All these ichnogenera are grouped —in the Río Mayer Formation— into two ichnoassociations. The first is found in the middle section, and is a typical Zoophycos ichnofacies with associated Bergaueria. The second ichnoassociation appears at the top of the upper section, and contains a Zoophycos ichnofacies with associated Ophiomorpha and Teredolites. The unusual presence of Bergaueria in low oxygen offshore environments, exceeds the bathymetric range typical of this ichnogenus. The unusual presence of O. cf. rudis in outer shelf environments reveals the existence of doomed pioneers in the analyzed unit.; La Formación Río Mayer, compuesta principalmente por pelitas negras con intercalaciones de areniscas y margas, se depositó en la Cuenca Austral (Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina) durante el Cretácico Temprano. Existe abundante información en cuanto al contenido fósil, en especial amonites, pero se carece de estudios icnológicos y es este trabajo el primero enfocado en este tópico. En la región de Río Guanaco (49°57′11″S—72°04′56″O), a partir de un relevamiento sedimentológico e icnológico se diferenciaron tres secciones. La sección inferior (Berriasiano—Valanginiano) se compone casi enteramente de pelitas negras. La sección media (Valanginiano—Hauteriviano) posee un predominio de margas, mientras que en la superior (Barremiano—Albiano) dominan las pelitas con intercalaciones arenosas. Se reconocieron seis icnogéneros: Zoophycos, Chondrites, Bergaueria, Ophiomorpha, Palaeophycus y Teredolites. Zoophycos es el icnogénero más abundante y constante, y se lo dividió en 3 grupos morfológicos. Se reconocen dos icnoasociaciones. Una se corresponde con la sección media incluyendo una icnofacies de Zoophycos con Bergaueria asociada. La otra se desarrolla en la sección superior y posee también una icnofacies de Zoophycos, pero en este caso asociada a ejemplares de Ophiomorpha y Teredolites. En ambientes de costa afuera con baja oxigenación se registra un hallazgo poco usual de Bergaueria, excediendo el rango batimétrico típico del icnogénero. Se documenta la presencia inusual de O. cf. rudis en ambientes de plataforma externa, lo cual confirma la existencia de colonizadores condenados (doomed pioneers) en la unidad estudiada.

La imposibilidad de un ejército profesional: Ramón de Cáceres y el establecimiento de procedimientos burocráticos en las fuerzas del Río de la Plata. 1810-1830; The impossibility of a professional army: Ramón de Cáceres and the establishment of bureaucratic procedures in the River Plate military forces. 1810-1830 Rabinovich, Alejandro Martín El presente artículo aborda la problemática de la profesionalización de las fuerzas militares del Estado rioplatense independiente a partir de un ángulo muy poco analizado hasta hoy: los intentos de establecer procedimientos burocráticos y un tipo particular de disciplina en el seno de unidades combatientes surgidas de una intensa movilización popular. Primero se analizarán las reglamentaciones que regían la administración de los ejércitos, con especial énfasis en la descripción del tipo de funcionariado que era buscado por los modelos europeos de la época. Luego, este deber ser de la administración militar será confrontado con el estudio de un caso puntual: el traumático intento de transformación de los Dragones Libertadores -surgidos del alzamiento de la campaña oriental en 1825- en Regimiento de Caballería de Línea, ocurrido en el seno del Ejército Republicano que se aprestaba para abrir la guerra con el Brasil. Este modesto episodio, explorado a través de las memorias personales del oficial a cargo de llevar adelante la reforma del cuerpo, nos permitirá echar luz sobre las limitaciones concretas encontradas en el terreno por aquellos funcionarios que hablaban en nombre del Estado y pretendían someter a las fuerzas de un pueblo en armas a una lógica procedimental-formal.; This paper addresses the problem of the professionalization of the military forces of the River Plate state in the first half of the 19th century, analyzing the attempts to establish a particular type of discipline and bureaucratic procedures in combat units that had emerged from a very intense popular mobilization. This problem is studied in two times. The regulations governing the administration of the armies and the kind of administrative tasks that were demanded from each officer will first be analyzed. Then this ideal administrative model imported from Europe will be confronted with the realities of its application, through the study of a particular case: the traumatic attempt to transform the Freedom Dragoons -a unit born from the Banda Oriental rural uprising of 1825- into a Line Cavalry Regiment within the Republican Army which was about to open the war against the Brazil. This modest episode, explored through the memoirs of the officer in charge of the reform, will enable us to shed light on the specific constraints encountered by those officials who spoke on behalf of the State and intended to discipline the forces of a people in arms.

Evaluación de indicadores metabólicos y bioquímicos sanguíneos en vacas en lactancia con Enfermedad Quística Ovárica; Evaluation of metabolic and biochemical blood parameters in lactating cows with Cystic Ovarian Disease Cattaneo, L.; Barberis, F. C.; Stangaferro, M. L.; Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro; Ruiz, Marcelo Fabián; Zimmermann, R.; Bo, Gabriel Amilcar; Hein, Gustavo Juan; Ortega, Hugo Hector El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar y evaluar indicadores bioquímicos sanguíneos asociados a procesos metabólicos energéticos, proteicos, minerales y de funcionalidad hepática, junto con parámetros productivos y reproductivos en vacas lecheras que fueron diagnosticadas con enfermedad quística ovárica (COD) y controles. Se emplearon vacas Holando Argentino en lactancia de 5 rebaños de la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina) que presentaban COD (n= 80) diagnosticada mediante ultrasonografía y controles clínicamente sanas (n= 124). De las vacas se obtuvo sangre coccígea para determinar las concentraciones séricas de las hormonas de crecimiento (GH), factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina-1 (IGF-1) e insulina, la actividad sérica de AST, FA, GGT y las concentraciones séricas de albúmina, proteínas totales, relación albúmina: globulinas, Bilirrubina total y directa, β-hidroxibutirato, colesterol, glucosa, urea, creatinina, calcio, fósforo y magnesio. Las concentraciones séricas de insulina e IGF-1 fueron menores (P<0,05) en las vacas con COD que en las controles. No se observaron diferencias significativas (P>0,05) entre ambos grupos en las demás variables séricas y productivas evaluadas, sin embargo, el intervalo parto-concepción fue mayor en vacas que presentaron COD. Los resultados nos permitieron concluir que habría una asociación entre los valores séricos de IGF-1 e insulina y la COD, y que ésta comprometería el futuro reproductivo de las vacas.; The aim of the study was to determine and evaluate different blood parameters associated to energetic, protein, mineral and liver metabolic processes together with productive and reproductive parameters in dairy cows of Santa Fe province (Argentina) that were diagnosed with cystic ovarian disease (COD). Lactating Argentine Holstein cows from five dairy herds with spontaneous COD (n= 80) diagnosed by ultrasound and control cows (n= 124) were included in the study. Blood samples were obtained from all cows to determine serum concentrations of: growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkalin phosphatase, gamma glutamiltransferase, albumin, total proteins, albumin: globulin ratio, total and direct bilirrubin, β-hidroxibutirate, colesterol, glucose, urea, creatinin, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Serum concentrations of insulin and IGF-1 were lower (P<0.05) in COD than control cows. No significant differences among groups were observed in any other variables studied, however, the calving to conception interval was higher in cows with COD compared to controls. These results allowed us to conclude that there would be an association between blood concentrations of IGF-1 and insulin and COD that, ultimately, compromise the reproductive performance of the cow.

Interleukin-10 controls human peripheral PMN activation triggered by lipopolysaccharide Martire Greco, Daiana; Rodriguez Rodrigues, Nahuel Emiliano; Landoni, Verónica Inés; Rearte, María Bárbara; Isturiz, Martín Amadeo; Fernández, Gabriela Cristina Large amounts of anti-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-10, are produced and found early in the course of sepsis. We explore the role of IL-10 on neutrophil (PMN) activation/function using an in vitro model. Isolated human PMN were pre-incubated with polysaccharide (LPS) and/or IL-10 for 18 h. Subsequently, a second LPS exposure was performed and CD11b and CD66b up-regulation, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured 2 h later. We found that IL-10 prevented PMN activation and the secretion of TNF-a and IL-8 induced by the first LPS contact. In the absence of IL-10, a second LPS exposure induced additive effects that were prevented by IL-10. Only ROS generation was highly affected by the blockade of PMN-secreted TNF-a or IL-8. Additionally, IL-10 prevented other possible mechanisms of LPS priming. Therefore, IL-10 modulates PMN activation preventing autocrine activating loops and priming mechanisms, rendering PMN less responsive to a second LPS exposure.

Hidrología isotópica: herramienta nuclear en apoyo a la conservación de los recursos hídricos en la subcuenca Artemisa-Quivicán; Isotopic hydrology: nuclear tool to support the conservation of water resources in the Artemisa-Quivicán sub-basin Peralta Vital, José Luis; Gil Castillo, Reinaldo; Fleitas Estévez, Gelma Gretel; Dapeña, Cristina; Valdés González, Lourdes Se caracterizó el acuífero de la subcuenca subterránea costera Artemisa-Quivicán, mediante el uso de las técnicas nucleares (hidrología isotópica), con el objetivo de proponer su mejor explotación y contribuir a la gestión sostenible de los recursos hídricos en la s provincias de Artemisa, Mayabeque y La Habana (Cuba). Fueron desarrolladas cuatro etapas, que incluyeron el diseño y definición de la red optimizada para el monitoreo isotópico y físico-químico en el agua subterránea y superficial, la caracterización isotópica y físico-química de las aguas y las precipitaciones en la región, la identificación de las posibles fuentes de contaminación y la obtención de criterios isotópicos y físico-químicos para evaluar la vulnerabilidad a la contaminación en la subcuenca. Los resultados apoyaron la resolución eficaz de los problemas ambientales de la gestión sostenible de los recursos hídricos de la cuenca, los cuales sustentan la producción de alimentos de las provincias involucradas, además de aportar el agua para su consumo.; The aquifer of the coastal underground sub -Basin "Artemisa-Quivicán" was characterized by means of nuclear techniques (isotopic hydrology), in order to propose its best exploitation and contribute to the sustainable management of the water resources in the involved provinces. Four investigative stages were developed, which included the design and definition of the net optimized for isotopic and physiochemical monitoring in underground and surface waters; the isotopic and physical -chemistry characterization of waters and precipitations in the region; the identification of the possible co ntamination sources; and finally the obtaining of isotopic and physical-chemical criteria to evaluate the vulnerability to the contamination in the sub -basin. The results supported the effective solution of the environmental problems related to the sustainable management of hydrological resources in the basin. Such water resources sustain food production in the area and contribute to the water consumption.

Extreme densities in Titan's ionosphere during the T85 magnetosheath encounter Edberg, N. J. T.; Andrews, D. J.; Shebanits, O.; Agren, K.; Wahlund, J. E.; Opgenoorth, H. J.; Roussos, E.; Garnier, P.; Cravens, T. E.; Badman, S. V.; Modolo, R.; Bertucci, Cesar; Dougherty, M. K. We present Cassini Langmuir probe measurements of the highest electron number densities ever reported from the ionosphere of Titan. The measured density reached 4310 cm−3 during the T85 Titan flyby. This is at least 500 cm−3 higher than ever observed before and at least 50% above the average density for similar solar zenith angles. The peak of the ionospheric density is not reached on this flyby, making the maximum measured density a lower limit. During this flyby, we also report that an impacting coronal mass ejection (CME) leaves Titan in the magnetosheath of Saturn, where it is exposed to shocked solar wind plasma for at least 2 h 45 min. We suggest that the solar wind plasma in the magnetosheath during the CME conditions significantly modifies Titan's ionosphere by an addition of particle impact ionization by precipitating protons.

Caracterización petrográfica de cerámicas santamarianas e inkas procedentes del sitio arqueológico Fuerte Quemado-Intihuatana, provincia de Catamarca Orgaz, Martín A.; de la Fuente, Guillermo Adrian En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos a través de la caracterización petrográfica de una muestra de fragmentos cerámicos (N=37) procedentes del sitio arqueológico Fuerte Quemado-Intihuatana. El sitio Fuerte QuemadoIntihuatana es una instalación Santamariano que presenta una ocupación Inkaica en algunos sectores específicos. La cerámica pertenece a momentos del Período de Desarrollos Regionales (ca. AD 900 – AD 1450) e Inka (ca. AD 1480 – AD 1532). Los resultados obtenidos indican la presencia de elecciones tecnológicas diferentes observadas en las recetas utilizadas por los alfareros para manufacturar la cerámica durante estos dos momentos prehispánicos del NOA.; In this paper, we present the results obtained through a petrographic characterization on a ceramic sample (N=37) from Fuerte Quemado archaeological site. The site Fuerte Quemado belongs to Santamaria Culture, and it presents a unique Inka occupation in some specific sectors. Ceramics analysed are from Late (ca. AD 900 - AD 1450) and Inka (ca. AD 1480 – AD 1532) periods. Results obtained indicate the presence of different technological choices for these two prehispanic times, observed in the paste recipes utilized by ancient potters for the manufacture of ceramic vessels.

Ambientes urbanos como refugios del Cuervillo cara pelada (Phimosus infuscatus) ante el déficit hídrico transitorio; Urban environments as refuge of bare-faced IBIS (Phimosus infuscatus) under water stress period Acosta, Tamara Hilén; Dadon, Jose Roberto Se presentan registros del Cuervillo Cara Pelada (Phimosus infuscatus) en un núcleo turístico urbano de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Los individuos fueron identificados en sectores de jardines privados, bajo un régimen de riego anual. Las observaciones coincidieron con un período de déficit hídrico para la región. La existencia de este tipo de urbanizaciones podría favorecer también a otras especies bajo condiciones ambientales desfavorables. La presencia de especies como Phimosus infuscatus podrían ser consideradas como indicadores del estado de áreas con humedales y para información complementaria de sistemas de alerta temprana.; Records of Bare-faced Ibis (Phimosus infuscatus) were taken in a coastal beach resort in Buenos Aires province. Individuals were identified in front garden areas, under a system of annual irrigation. Observations coincided with a water stress period in the region. This kind of urban settlement could also help other species under unfavorable environmental conditions. The presence of species such as Phimosus infuscatus could be considered as a biological indicator of wetland state and as data for developing early warning systems.