Multivariable 2-sliding mode control for a wind energy system based on a double fed induction generator Evangelista, Carolina Alejandra; Valenciaga, Fernando; Puleston, Pablo Federico The purpose of this paper is to present a control strategy using Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) Second Order Sliding Modes (SOSM) for a grid-connected variable-speed Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). The latter is based on a Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) in a bidirectional configuration with slip power recovery. Its points of operation can be electronically controlled and, with them, two independent control objectives can be stated. Thus, a control is designed to maximize the energy captured from the wind and to regulate the stator reactive power, contributing to the compensation of the power factor according to grid requirements. The proposed technique can be applied to nonlinear MIMO systems and allows to make a separate design for each component of the controller. For these designs the Super- Twisting algorithm is employed in this work, which possesses excellent properties regarding simplicity of implementation and online operation, and robustness against uncertainties and external disturbances. Finally, representative simulation results are presented and analyzed. Copyright © 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Charge regulation in redox active monolayers embedded in proton exchanger surfaces Ricci, A.M.; Tagliazucchi, Mario Eugenio; Calvo, Ernesto Julio Experimental evidence of the variation in redox potential of osmium pyridine complexes tethered to a Au surface by thiol or diazonium chemistry at different ionic concentration and electrolyte pH is described. The interplay between the charged redox and acid groups is described by a charge regulation model based on PM-IRRAS spectroscopic evidence on the different degrees of surface protonation.

Sobre la cuestión de la crítica en la obra de Arturo Andrés Roig; About the question of criticism in the work of Arturo Andrés Roig Contardi, Laura Aldana Centramos la atención en la noción de crítica del pensamiento de Arturo Andrés Roig. El problema se aborda partiendo del vínculo que se establece entre la crítica y la noción de vigilancia epistemológica de Gastón Bachelard. Consideramos a continuación la crítica como ejercicio de la sospecha. Finalmente, se analiza el aspecto social de la crítica, esto permite relacionar la producción teórica de Roig con la teoría crítica, especialmente con el pensamiento de Max Horkheimer. En este sentido, enfatizamos la indagación sobre la función social de la filosofía ya que implica una ampliación de la crítica.; We focus our attention on the concept "criticism" thinking by Arturo Andrés Roig. We tackle this question starting from the link between "criticism" and "epistemological vigilance" of Gaston Bachelard. We then consider the criticism like suspicion. Finally, we analize the social aspect of the criticism, that allow to link the theoretical production of Arturo Roig whit the critical theory, especially whit Horkheimer´s thinking. In this respect, we emphasize the inquiry about the social function of the philosophy, because that involves an enlargement of criticism.

Measurement of ivermectin concentrations in target worms and host gastrointestinal tissues: Influence of the route of administration on the activity against resistant Haemonchus contortus in lambs Lloberas, Maria Mercedes; Alvarez, Luis Ignacio; Entrocasso, Carlos; Virkel, Guillermo Leon; Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo; Lifschitz, Adrian Luis The influence of the administration route on the relationship between efficacy and ivermectin concentration profiles achieved in the bloodstream, the gastrointestinal mucosal tissues/fluid contents and within a target abomasal parasite (Haemonchus contortus) was evaluated in lambs. Twenty-six (26) parasitized lambs were assigned into three experimental groups: untreated (control) and ivermectin treated by the subcutaneous and intraruminal route at 0.2. mg/kg. Blood samples were collected between 0 and 15. days post-treatment (plasma disposition study). Four animals from each group were sacrificed at day 3 post-treatment. Mucosa and content samples from abomasum and small intestine and adult specimens of H. contortus were collected. Drug concentrations were measured by HPLC. Individual fecal egg counts were evaluated at -1, 3 and 15. days post treatment. Post-mortem examination was done at day 15 post-treatment. Adult nematodes recovered from the digestive tract were counted and identified by species. Ivermectin plasma availability was higher (P< 0.05) after the subcutaneous administration (129. ng.d/ml) compared to the intraruminal treatment (58.4. ng.d/ml). However, ivermectin concentrations measured in the gastrointestinal contents were higher in lambs treated by the intraruminal route. The mean ivermectin concentrations achieved (3. days post-treatment) in the abomasal content were 143. ng/g (intraruminal) and 2.53. ng/g (subcutaneous). Ivermectin concentrations were 15-fold higher in H. contortus recovered from intraruminally treated lambs. Whereas the subcutaneous administration reduced the number of adult nematodes from 4376 to 1300, the number of adult nematodes after the treatment with ivermectin given by the intraruminal route was 206 (P< 0.05). The higher ivermectin concentrations achieved in the digestive tract shortly after the intraruminal treatment may account for the observed enhanced efficacy compared to the parenteral administration against parasites of reduced susceptibility.

Presas consumidas por el Carancho (Caracara plancus) durante el período reproductivo, en el noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires Idoeta, Fabricio Miguel; Roesler, Carlos Ignacio En Argentina han sido mencionadas 63 especies de aves tradicionalmente conocidas como rapaces diurnas, en el pasado incluídas todas ellas dentro de los Falconiformes, aunque en la actualidad se las agrupa en Cathartiformes, Accipitriformes y Falconiformes (Mazar Barnett y Pearman 2011). A pesar del número elevado de especies solo se han estudiado los hábitos tróficos de algunas de ellas (Leveau et al. 2002, Pardiñas y Cirignoli 2002). Bó et al. (2007) mencionan que existen datos para sólo 17 (26,9%) de las especies presentes en Argentina, donde la mayor parte de los trabajos corresponden al Águila Mora (Geranoaetus melanoleucus) y al Aguilucho Langostero (Buteo swainsoni).

LINE-1 hypomethylation in familial and sporadic cancer Pavicic, Walter Hernan; Joensuu, Emmi I.; Nieminen, Taina; Peltomäki, Päivi Increased and decreased methylation at specific sequences (hypermethylation and hypomethylation, respectively) is characteristic of tumor DNA compared to normal DNA and promotes carcinogenesis in multiple ways including genomic instability. Long interspersed element (LINE), an abundant class of retrotransposons, provides a surrogate marker for global hypomethylation. We developed methylationspecific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assays to study LINE-1 methylation in cases of colorectal, gastric, and endometrial cancer (N0276), stratified by patient category [sporadic; Lynch syndrome (LS); familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCX)] and microsatellite instability status. Within each patient group, LINE-1 showed lower methylation in tumor DNA relative to paired normal DNA and hypomethylation was statistically significant in most cases. Interestingly, normal colorectal mucosa samples from different patient groups displayed differences in LINE-1 methylation that mirrored differences between the respective tumor tissues, with a decreasing trend for LINE-1 methylation from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer to LS to FCCX. Despite the fact that the degree of LINE-1 methylation is generally tissue specific, normal colorectal mucosa, gastric mucosa, and endometrium from LS patients showed similar levels of LINE-1 methylation. Our results suggest that the degree of LINE-1 methylation may constitute a "field defect" that may predispose normal tissues for cancer development. © The Author(s) 2012.

Crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of polymeric adducts of the tetra-μ-haloaspirinate-dicopper(II) Rustoy, Eduardo Miguel; Agotegaray, Mariela Alejandra; Piro, Oscar Enrique; Castellano, Eduardo Ernesto Eight new copper(II) complexes with halo-aspirinate anions have been synthesized: [Cu 2(Fasp) 4(MeCN) 2]·2MeCN (1), [Cu 2(Clasp) 4(MeCN) 2]·2MeCN (2), [Cu 2(Brasp) 4 (MeCN) 2]·2MeCN (3), {[Cu 2(Fasp) 4(Pyrz)]·2MeCN} n (4), {[Cu 2(Clasp) 4(Pyrz)]·2MeCN} n (5), [Cu 2(Brasp) 4(Pyrz)] n (6), [Cu 2(Clasp) 4(4,4'-Bipy)] n (7), and [Cu 2(Brasp) 4(4,4'-Bipy)] n (8) (Fasp: fluor-aspirinate; Clasp: chloro-aspirinate; Brasp: bromo-aspirinate; MeCN: acetonitrile; Pyrz: pyrazine; 4,4'-Bipy: 4,4'-bipyridine). The crystal structure of two 2 and 4 have been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. All compounds have been studied employing elemental analysis, IR, and UV-Visible spectroscopic techniques. The results have been compared with previous data reported for complexes with similar structures. © 2012 Taylor & Francis.

Organizaciones espaciales en el área de Coranzulí, provincia de Jujuy, del tardío al colonial. Primeros resultados de las investigaciones en la sección Agua Delgada Rivet, María Carolina En este trabajo se presentan los resultados parciales de las investigaciones que se están llevando a cabo en el área de Coranzulí (departamento de Susques, provincia de Jujuy), tendientes a comprender las dinámicas ocupacionales entre el Período Tardío y el Colonial. Nos proponemos realizar una breve caracterización de los tres sitios que venimos trabajando desde el 2009: Canalita, Wayra Wasi y Licante. Vamos a enfocarnos particularmente en este último observando tanto las características de los espacios de habitación, como las de los sectores productivos, especialmente los agrícolas, y aquellos con una fuerte significación ritual.; In this paper we present the partial results of the investigations being carried out in the area of Coranzulí (Susques, provincia de Jujuy), aimed at understanding the occupational dynamics between the Late Period and the Colonial one. We offer a brief characterization of the three sites that have been working since 2009: Canalita, Wayra Wasi y Licante. We will focus particularly in the latter noting the characteristics of residential areas, the productive sectors, especially the agricultural ones, and those areas with a strong ritual significance.

Continuous production of fatty acid ethyl esters from sunflower oil using supercritical ethanol Velez, Alexis; Soto, Gabriela Cynthia; Hegel, Pablo Ezequiel; Mabe, Guillermo Domingo; Pereda, Selva The production of first generation biofuels has increased in the last few years because of the rising price of fossil fuels and environmental policies. Biodiesel process alternatives have been proposed in order to achieve higher yields, non-catalytic and more environmentally friendly processes, a greater profit from by-products and particularly the possibility of using low quality and cheaper feedstocks. In this regard, one of the most studied technologies has been the non-catalytic supercritical transesterification of fats and raw vegetable oils. This work reports results on the continuous production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) from the non-catalytic supercritical ethanolysis of sunflower oil. The reaction was carried out in the following range of operating conditions: (i) ethanol-to-oil molar ratio of 40:1; (ii) temperature and pressure range, 573-618 K and 165-200 bar and (iii) mass flow rates varying from 3 to 16 g/min. Given the high sensitivity of the specific density in supercritical mixtures, the mixture residence time in the reactor was estimated based on experimental data of the reactive mixture density. Moreover, we show here that overlooking the use of this experimental data and assuming ideal solution behavior for density calculation, which is usually done, may lead to important deviations in the kinetic model parameters. The mixture densities were correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EoS). In the range of operating conditions studied in this work, up to 90% by mass fraction of fatty ester was obtained. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Phosphoglucomutase is absent in Trypanosoma brucei and redundantly substituted by phosphomannomutase and phospho-N-acetylglucosamine mutase Bandini, Giulia; Mariño, Karina Valeria; Sampaio Guther, Maria Lucia; Wernimont, Amy K.; Kuettel, Sabine; Qiu, Wei; Afzal, Shamshad; Kelner, Anna; Hui, Raymond; Ferguson, Michael The enzymes phosphomannomutase (PMM), phospho-N-acetylglucosamine mutase (PAGM) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) reversibly catalyze the transfer of phosphate between the C6 and C1 hydroxyl groups of mannose, N-acetylglucosamine and glucose, respectively. Although genes for a candidate phosphomannomutase and a phospho-N-acetylglucosamine mutase enzymes have been found in the Trypanosoma brucei genome there is, surprisingly, no candidate gene for phosphoglucomutase. The TbPMM and TbPAGM genes were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and the TbPMM enzyme was crystallized and its structure solved at 1.85Å resolution. Antibodies to the recombinant proteins localized endogenous TbPMM to glycosomes in the bloodstream form of the parasite while TbPAGM localized to both the cytosol and glycosomes. Both recombinant enzymes were able to interconvert glucose-phosphates, as well as acting on their own definitive substrates. Analysis of sugar nucleotide levels in parasites with TbPMM or TbPAGM knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi) suggests that, in vivo, PGM activity is catalyzed by both enzymes. This is the first example in any organism of PGM activity being completely replaced in this way and it explains why, uniquely, T. brucei has been able to lose its PGM gene. The RNAi data for TbPMM also showed that this is an essential gene for parasite growth.

Instituto de Patología experimental (IPE): Una Unidad ejecutora UNSa-CONICET de Investigación Biomédica Basombrío, Miguel Ángel Manuel; Parada, Luis Antonio El CONICET aprobó y subsidió la instalación del Laboratorio de Patología Experimental en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la UNSa en 1981. El establecimiento de esta institución científica estuvo a cargo del Dr. Miguel Ángel Manuel Basombrío, quien con un grupo reducido de colaboradores al comienzo realizaron estudios de campo y de laboratorio tendientes a la aplicación de procedimientos de inmunoprotección a reservorios domésticos de la enfermedad de Chagas. Estas tareas originalmente estuvieron financiadas con de CONICET. Sin embargo posteriormente se obtuvieron subsidios para el fortalecimiento institucional de OMS-Fundación Rockefeller, lo que permitió el crecimiento del grupo con la incorporación de becarios de investigación, adquisición de equipamiento y ejecución de proyectos colaborativos con instituciones de Buenos Aires, Suecia y Brasil. Durante la década de los 90, se obtuvieron importantes subsidios para Proyecto de Investigación y Desarrollo (PID) de la SECYT que permitieron dotar de una mejor infraestructura para investigación, establecer convenios de transferencia de conocimientos y tecnologías de laboratorio para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas, a hospitales y centros asistenciales de menor envergadura de zonas rurales dependientes del Ministerio de Salud de la provincia de Salta. A su vez, esto significó la consolidación definitiva del Laboratorio de Patología Experimental como centro de investigación de referencia en el Noroeste Argentino. Desde su comienzo hasta la actualidad, y debido al volumen de trabajo desarrollado y el aumento en la cantidad de investigadores que desempeñan su tarea en él, la institución ha pasado a ser Instituto de Patología Experimental y más recientemente Unidad Ejecutora de doble dependencia UNSa-CONICET. El IPE desarrolla sus actividades científicas junto al Instituto de Investigaciones en Evaluación Nutricional de Poblaciones (IIENPO), Instituto de Investigación Sensorial de los Alimentos (IISA) e Instituto de Investigación en Enfermería (IIE), todos en dependencias de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud.

Opposite effects of methanandamide on lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 and F2α synthesis in uterine explants from pregnant mice Vercelli, Claudia Alejandra; Aisemberg, Julieta; Cella, Maximiliano; Salazar, Ana Inés; Wolfson, Manuel Luis; Franchi, Ana Maria Prostaglandins (PG) are effective abortifacients and are important mediators of lipopolisaccharide (LPS)-induced embryonic resorption (ER). Besides, anandamide (AEA) has been described as one of the major endocannabinoids present in the uterus suggesting that it might play a role in reproduction. It has been reported that high levels of AEA are associated with pregnancy failure and that LPS increases AEA production. Also, it has been observed that AEA modulates PG production in different tissues. In this sense, we studied whether LPS-induced PG production is modulated by AEA and we also assessed the effect of this endocannabinoid on PG metabolism in an in vitro model. Uterine explants from BALB/c implantation sites were cultured in the presence of LPS plus cannabinoid receptor (CB) specific antagonists and PG production was assessed. Then, we studied the effect of exogenous AEA on different steps of PG metabolic pathway. We showed that AEA is involved in LPS-induced PG biosynthesis. Also, we observed that AEA exerts opposite effects on PGE2 and PGF2α biosynthesis, by inhibiting PGE2 production and increasing PGF2α levels. We suggest that AEA could be involved in the mechanisms implicated in LPS-induced ER. A better understanding of how AEA could be affecting ER could help developing specific interventions to prevent this pathology.

Cytogenetic studies in South American species of Serjania (Sapindaceae: Paullinieae) Urdampilleta, Juan Domingo; Ferrucci, Maria Silvia; Vanzela, A. L. L. Serjania Mill. (Paullinieae) is considered the most important neotropical genus of Sapindaceae due to species number and its widespread distribution. In this study, 14 species belonging to three sections were analyzed using conventional staining, C/ CMA/DAPI banding, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA probe. New chromosome counts are reported for Serjania crassifolia, Serjania platycarpa, and Serjania regnellii, all with 2n¼24, which is remarkably constant for Serjania. The karyotypes are moderately asymmetric, and variations observed in A1 and A2 indices show resemblances between S. platycarpa, Serjania hebecarpa, and S. crassifolia, and between Serjania communis, Serjania gracilis, and S. regnellii. The banding pattern was homogeneous in Serjania. C/DAPI bands (AT-rich sites) were not clearly evidenced, but changes in the number and position of GC-rich sites (CMA bands) were observed. These segments were associated with 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA sites. The significance of the results is discussed in relation to chromosomal data available for the genus and in regard to the infrageneric treatment of Serjania.

An analysis of the first steps of phenol adsorption-oxidation over coprecipitated Mn-Ce catalysts: a DRIFTS study D´Alessandro, Oriana; Thomas, Horacio Jorge; Sambeth, Jorge Enrique A series of Mn–Ce(M) solids (M = K or Na), with molar ratios 100–0, 50–50 and 0–100 were prepared by co-precipitation of manganese and cerium nitrate from NaOH or KOH solutions at pH = 11. In addition, part of the solids precipitated with NaOH were dried and impregnated with a Cu2? salt. The solids were characterized by XRD, Specific Surface Area, XPS and EDS. The characterization analyses show the formation of Mn mixed oxides with different oxidation states (Mn3?, Mn4?), for samples without Ce or Mn–Ce(M) 50–50. In the latter solid and in the one where there is no Mn, the formation of CeO2 (fluorite type) was detected. The samples were tested in the phenol removal in water at 100 C and at atmospheric pressure with the aim to analyze the adsorbed species in the first stage of the adsorption-oxidation mechanisms. The results indicate, on the one hand, that [MnOx] is the active species in the process and that the most active solids are those that present (i) a higher concentration of OI, (ii) a higher amount of Mn4? ions. DRIFT spectroscopy showed a possible mechanism of phenol adsorption on two sites, in the first one by H interaction of OH (phenol) with an OH of the catalyst and in the second, by the formation of a phenolate species between an O (OH phenol) and Mnn?.

The position of the double bond in monounsaturated free fatty acids is essential for the inhibition of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Perillo, Vanesa Liliana; Fernández Nievas, Gaspar Antonio; Valles, Ana Sofia; Barrantes, Francisco Jose; Antollini, Silvia Susana Free fatty acids (FFAs) are non-competitive antagonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Their site of action is supposedly located at the lipid-AChR interface. To elucidate the mechanism involved in this antagonism, we studied the effect that FFAs with a single double-bond at different positions (ω6, ω9, ω11 and ω13 cis-18:1) have on different AChR properties. Electrophysiological studies showed that only two FFAs (ω6 and ω9) reduced the duration of the channel open-state. The briefest component of the closed- time distribution remained unaltered, suggesting that ω6 and ω9 behave as allosteric blockers. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies indicated that all FFAs locate at the lipid-AChR interface, ω6 being restrict- ed to annular sites and all others occupying non-annular sites. The perturbation of the native membrane order by FFAs was evaluated by DPH (1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene) and Laurdan fluorescence polarization studies, with the greatest decrease observed for ω9 and ω11. AChR conformational changes produced by FFAs present at the lipid bilayer were evaluated by fluorescence quenching studies of pyrene-labeled AChR and also using the AChR conformational-sensitive probe crystal violet. All cis-FFAs produced AChR conformational changes at the transmembrane level, but only ω9, ω11 and ω13 perturbed the resting state. Thus, the posi- tion and isomerism of the torsion angle of unsaturated FFAs are probably a key factor in terms of AChR block- age, suggesting that FFAs with a unique cis double bond at a superficial position inside the membrane directly inhibit AChR function by perturbing a potential conserved core structure for AChR gating at that level

Boundaries of Anthropology: Empirics and Ontological Relativism in a Field Experience with Anomalous Luminous Entities in Argentina Escolar, Diego Experiences that do not fit within the perspective of what is ?real? for anthropologists are systematically excluded from ethnographic analysis, in spite of the teachings of relativism. Even so, I approach the following event as an ethnographic report. It happened on February 21, 1998, when I was on a research field trip with Huarpe native muleteers in Argentina. During that trip I experienced certain prolonged interactions with anomalous luminous entities. In this article we face the radical problem of ontological relativism and how it is concerned with the definition of ethnographic objectivity as well as the consequences for the boundaries of anthropology.

The limnological character of peat bog ponds (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) in relation to meteorological and hydrological features Gonzalez Garraza, Gabriela Carolina; Mataloni, Maria Gabriela; Iturraspe, Rodolfo Javier; Lombardo, Rubén; Camargo, Sergio; Quiroga, María Victoria As part of a major limnological characterisation of Rancho Hambre mire complex (Tierra del Fuego), five water bodies (bog pools) were sampled between October 2008 and April 2010 and their physico-chemical features studied in relation to meteorological, hydrological and morphometric variables. The meteorological data recorded mostly fitted within the ranges of historical records. The influence of water body size was evidenced by the higher thermic stability of the largest pool as compared to the smallest, which reflected changes in air temperature. Water levels in the pools varied according to their superficial connectivity: deep water bodies with surface inflow and/or outflow channels had the most stable water levels; but the deepest water body, which was hydrologically isolated, had the most variable water level. In an ordination of samples resulting from a Principal Component Analysis of limnological data, the first axis reflected the minero/ombrotrophic status of water bodies, while the second represented a temporal gradient separating spring (post-thawing) samples from summer samples. Inter-annual variations in weather also influenced the limnological properties of the water bodies. Our results enable us to propose an interpretative model for the limnological characterisation of the pools, which will be a valuable tool for understanding the structure and fluctuations of the planktonic communities inhabiting these systems.

Aproximación neuropsicológica al constructo de empatía: aspectos Cognitivos y Neuroanatómicos.; Neuropsychological Approach to the Empathy Construct: Cognitive and Neuroanatomical Aspects; Abordagem neuropsicológica para a construção de empatia: aspectos cognitivos e neuroanatômica Arán Filippetti, Vanessa; López, Mariana Beatríz; Richaud, Maria Cristina Los modelos integradores definen a la empatía como un constructo multidimensional que incluye aspectos afectivos (EA; empatía afectiva) y aspectos cognitivos (EC; empatía cognitiva). El objetivo del presente trabajo es exponer el estado del arte de la asociación entre la empatía y las funciones ejecutivas (FE) y tratar de proponer una integración de las ideas al respecto. Para esto, se adopta un marco conceptual y se revisan estudios que conciben a la EA y a la EC como aspectos complementarios pero diferenciados tanto desde el punto de vista funcional como neurobiológico; ambos componentes se activarían conjuntamente durante la interacción social, pero podrían actuar por separado tal como se evidencia, por ejemplo, en el daño cerebral y en la psicopatología. Desde una perspectiva multidimensional, la relación empatía-FE podría explicarse a partir de la relación EC/Teoría de la MenteFE, así como mediante un modelo que admita la influencia de procesos top-down – a través de funciones ejecutivas – en el proceso empático. Adoptar una visión multidimensional de la empatía no sólo es relevante desde el punto de vista funcional, sino que aporta evidencia significativa para el diagnóstico, la evaluación y la comprensión del déficit empático en la clínica neurológica y psiquiátrica.; Multidimensional models define Empathy as a construct that includes both affective (AE; affective empathy) and cognitive (CE; cognitive empathy) components. The aim of the present work is to present the ‘state-of-the-art’ regarding the association between Empathy and Executive Functions (EF) and to propose an integration of the ideas in this respect. To this end, a conceptual framework is adopted and a number of studies which conceive AE and CE as complementary but differentiated components from either a functional and a neurobiological point of view are thoroughly revised; the two components would be jointly activated during social interaction, but they might act separately as evident, for instance, in cerebral damage and in Psychopathology. From a multidimensional perspective, the relation Empathy - EF could be explain from the relation CE/Theory of Mind - EF, as well as by means of a model that acknowledge the influence of top-down processes - across executive functions - during the empathic process. Adopting a multidimensional view of Empathy is not only relevant from a functional point of view, but also for the diagnosis, assessment and comprehension of the empathic deficit in the neurological and psychiatric clinic.; Modelos multidimensionais abstratos definem empatia como um constructo como uma construção que inclui tanto afetiva (AE; empatia afetiva) e cognitivas (CE; empatia cognitiva) componentes.. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o ‘estado-of-the-art’ da associação entre empatia e funções executivas (FE) e propor uma integração das ideias a este respeito. Para tal, é adoptado um quadro conceitual e uma série de estudos que conceber AE e CE como complementares mas diferenciados neurobiológico ponto de vista e componentes de um funcional é completamente revisada; os dois componentes poderia ser ativados conjuntamente durante a interação social, mas eles podem agir separadamente, como é evidente, por exemplo, dano cerebral e Psicopatologia. A partir de uma perspectiva multidimensional, a relação de empatia - EF poderia ser explicar a relação CE/teoria da mente - EF, bem como por meio de um modelo que reconhece a influência de processos top-down - em funções executivas - durante o processo de empatia. Adotar uma visão multidimensional de empatia não só é relevante do ponto de vista funcional, mas também para o diagnóstico, avaliação e compreensão da situação de défice empática na clínica neurológica e psiquiátrica.

Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae): identificacion de los biotipos presentes en poblaciones argentinas; Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae): identification of biotypes present in populations of Argentina Ricci, Mónica; Mehmet, Cakir; Castro, Ana Maria The aim of the current research was to assess the plant responses of wheat lines and differential cultivars carrying Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov resistance genes, when subjected to aphid infestation in order to determine the biotypic composition of RWA populations in Argentina. Eighteen lines and differential cultivars were sown in a greenhouse in a randomized design with two replicates. Two recordings of the chlorotic damage and the level of leaf rolling were made after 21 and 51 days from the infestation onset. The results were analyzed with an ANOVA and Tuckey Test (=0,05). After 21 days of infestation, two novel lines (14 and 1) showed the highest level of tolerance, with minor chlorotic damage. The differential cultivars carrying Dn2 and Dn7 resistance genes also were highly tolerant, Dn1 and Dn3 resistance genes were moderate tolerant and those ones carrying Dn4 and Dn5 genes resulted seriously damaged. After 51 days of infestation, only differential cultivar carrying Dn7 and the novel lines 14 and 1 maintained a high level of tolerance. Based on the current results the RWA biotypes 1, 2* and 5* are present in Argentina, the last ones with different characteristics from biotypes 2 and 5 identified in EEUU. We conclude that improved cultivars in other countries, can behave as susceptible against local populations.

El oro de La Puna: lavaderos, socavones y mineros en el período colonial. Arqueología de la minería aurífera del extremo norte de La Puna de Jujuy (Argentina) Angiorama, Carlos Ignacio; Becerra, María Florencia Este trabajo analiza las evidencias de actividades vinculadas a la explotación aurífera, ya sea en vetas o por lavado de sedimento aluvial, que tuvieron lugar en la Puna de Jujuy durante el período colonial (especialmente durante los siglos XVII y XVIII), desde una perspectiva que combina metodologías arqueológicas e históricas. En este sentido, damos a conocer, por un lado, la materialidad que aún perdura en el área producto de esta actividad, y por otro, ofrecemos una aproximación a la tecnología utilizada en este período, a la disposición en el espacio de estas explotaciones y su vinculación con otros recursos naturales de la región, como también a la relación entre estas prácticas y la ocupación y uso del territorio por parte de los europeos y de las poblaciones indígenas.; Este trabalho analisa as evidencias de atividades vinculadas à exploração au- rífera, tanto em vetas como de lavado de sedimento aluvial, que tiveram lugar na Puna de Jujuy durante o período colonial (especialmente durante os séculos XVII e XVIII), desde uma perspectiva que combina a metodologia arqueológica e a histórica. Neste sentido, damos a conhecer, por um lado, a materialidade que ainda perdura na área, produto desta atividade, e, por outro, oferecemos uma aproximação à tecnologia utilizada neste período, à disposição no espaço destas explorações e a sua vinculação com outros recursos naturais da região, como também à relação entre estas práticas e a ocupação e uso do território por parte dos europeus e das populações indígenas.; This paper analyses the material evidences of gold exploitation activities that took place in the Puna of Jujuy during colonial times (especially during XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries), such as the results of the extraction of gold from hard rock ores and of placer mining. This research combines the archaeological and historical methodologies. We will present, on one hand, the materiality that we have found in the area, product of this activity, and on the other, we will approach to the technology used in this period, the space disposition of these exploitations and their relationship with other natural resources of the region. We are also interested in the relationship between these practices and the occupation and use of the territory by the European and also by indigenous population.