La universidad argentina pre y post pandemia: Un balance de las políticas recientes y los desafíos de la reforma ante un nuevo escenario; The Argentinian University pre- and post- pandemic: An assessment of recent policies and the challenges to reform in an emerging context López, Esteban Damián del Valle; Perrotta, Daniela Vanesa; Suasnabar, Claudio Las crisis aceleran procesos de cambio preexistentes y producen innovaciones político-institucionales. La pandemia de covid-19 ha modificado el papel de la universidad y de la producción científica en el desarrollo económico y social. El cese de actividades por la cuarentena y la virtualización forzada de prácticas académicas plantea interrogantes acerca de la producción, transmisión y conservación de conocimiento; aparte de que la «nueva normalidad» supone la pregunta sobre qué tipo de universidad surgirá. La «universidad híbrida» cuestiona el modelo de universidad necesaria en las sociedades latinoamericanas y, particularmente, en Argentina, en el contexto del debate en torno de una nueva Ley de educación superior; sin embargo, esta situación desplaza el consenso alcanzado en las CRES 2008 y 2018 sobre el derecho a la educación superior. Se analiza la situación de la universidad argentina a partir de las políticas de educación superior de las dos primeras décadas del siglo xxi y se delinean los principales desafíos del nuevo escenario. Se reivindican los principios de la educación superior como un derecho universal, un bien público y social, y un instrumento de desarrollo y cooperación entre las naciones, entre otros.; Crises accelerate pre-existing processes of change and provoke political-institutional responses. The covid-19 pandemic has modified the role of the university and of scientific production in economic and social development. The pause in activities resulting from the quarantine period and forced virtualization of academic practice led to questions surrounding the production, transmission and conservation of knowledge; although the «new normal» implied the question of just what kind of university will come into being. The «hybrid university» questions the kind of university model needed in Latin American societies, and in particular, in Argentina, in the context of the debate around the new Law of Higher Education; however, this new reality displaces the consensus reached in the cres 2008 and 2009 regarding the right to a higher education. This study looks at the situation facing Argentinian universities from the perspective of higher education policies from the first two decades of the 21st Century and outlines the key challenges appearing in this new scenario. It calls for the principle of higher education as a universal right, a social and public good, and an instrument for development and cooperation among nations, and others.

Household electricity demand in Latin America and the Caribbean: A meta-analysis of price elasticity Zabaloy, María Florencia; Viego, Valentina Studying the price elasticity of demand is essential when considering rate policies in the electricity sector. This research aims to perform a meta-analysis and a meta-regression of the price elasticity of electricity demand for the residential sector in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Results show that the true value of the short-term price elasticity is between −0.197 and −0.468 and, for the long-term, is between −0.252 and −0.331. Findings differ substantially when studies are classified by their quality in econometric procedures. The long-term price elasticity seems to be lower than estimates found for other regions.

Pressure pain threshold mappings of the infraspinatus muscle in chronic unilateral shoulder pain patients do not reflect generalized hypersensitivity Intelangelo, Leonardo; Bordachar, Diego José; Mendoza, Cristian; Lassaga, Ignacio; Carvalho Barbosa, Alexandre; Biurrun Manresa, José Alberto; Mista, Christian Ariel Objectives: Increased mechanical sensitivity has been observed on the unaffected side in chronic pain conditions, suggesting generalized or widespread hypersensitivity. However, this cannot be considered as a universal response since this hypersensitivity is inconsistent across muscle pain pathologies. The aim of this study was to assess generalized hypersensitivity in chronic unilateral shoulder pain, using pressure pain threshold (PPT) mappings of the infraspinatus muscle. The proposed evaluation is based on the assessment of PPT on a limited subset of sites, reducing potential habituation or sensitization effects. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with unilateral shoulder pain (USP) and twenty-seven healthy volunteers were recruited. PPT was assessed using a manual pressure algometer. Six sites distributed over the infraspinatus muscle were assessed, and three repetitions were performed at each site. Mappings were derived using two-dimensional interpolation. Results: Lower PPT values were found in the symptomatic side in comparison with the asymptomatic side at all assessment sites (estimated difference: 1.42 ± 0.10 kgf/cm2, p < 0.001), but there were no differences among the asymptomatic side of USP patients and any of the sides in healthy volunteers (largest estimated difference: 0.17 ± 0.28 kgf/cm2, p = 0.927). Furthermore, the medial region of the infraspinatus muscle showed higher mechanical sensitivity in both healthy volunteers and USP patients. Conclusions: These results suggest that USP does not induce generalized hypersensitivity, in contrast with previously reported findings. Physiotherapists could take these results into account for the assessment and treatment of patients with USP.

Tara Tannins as a Green Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminum Byrne, Christian Eduardo; D'alessandro, Oriana; Deya, Marta Cecilia Tara tannin is studied as an inhibitor of aluminum corrosion, immersed in an aerated and near-neutral NaCl solution and in a wash-primer formulation. Electrochemical tests prove that tara tannins provide good corrosion resistance for aluminum, and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy shows a low formation of corrosion products, absence of Cl and presence of C. These results indicate that tannins act as a mixed-type inhibitor without changing the mechanism of oxygen or aluminum reactions, and that tannin is adsorbed on aluminum surfaces forming a compact hydrophobic barrier that blocks anodic and cathodic areas. A tara tannin primer was formulated and applied on aluminum. Its anticorrosive properties were studied by electrochemical techniques and humidity chamber testing, in which it exhibited an acceptable performance compared with a zinc tetroxychromate primer. Taking into account their less harmful environmental impact, tara tannins are proposed as an alternative to chromates in the formulation of wash-primers.

Incidencia del capital social en el proceso de toma de decisiones comerciales en la producción ganadera; Impact of social capital on the business decisionmaking process in livestock production Ghiglione, Franco Alexis; Lema, Ronaldo Daniel; Ferro Moreno, Santiago; Braun, Rodolfo Oscar El presente artículo de investigación resume los hallazgos realizados en el marco de una tesis de doctorado. En él, se analiza la toma de decisiones comerciales de los productores de ganado bovino de la Provincia de La Pampa desde la óptica del capital social a partir de tres variables proxy: pertenencia y participación institucional, identificación territorial y grado de confianza comercial. Metodológicamente, se utilizó un diseño experimental de elección discreta y modelos econométricos en función de la utilidad aleatoria, permitiendo comprender en forma integral las variables que influyen en el comportamiento de los mencionados agentes económicos. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar que, en escenarios de incertidumbre, los factores psicosociales, los sesgos cognitivos y las preferencias individuales resultan más relevantes que las variables relativas a las condiciones comerciales. Asimismo, se evidencia una marcada preferencia por el mecanismo de comercialización sin intermediación. Los hallazgos pueden resultar muy relevantes para el diseño de políticas públicas en términos de incentivos para una mejor coordinación e integración, tanto vertical como horizontal, de los distintos eslabones que intervienen en la cadena agroalimentaria.; This research article summarizes the findings made in the framework of a doctoral thesis. In it, the commercial decision-making of cattle producers in the Province of La Pampa is analyzed from the perspective of social capital based on three proxy variables: membership and institutional participation, territorial identification and degree of commercial trust. Methodologically, a discrete choice experimental design and econometric models based on random utility were used, allowing a comprehensive understanding of the variables that influence the behavior of the aforementioned economic agents. The results obtained made it possible to identify that, in scenarios of uncertainty, psychosocial factors, cognitive biases and individual preferences are more relevant than variables related to commercial conditions. Likewise, there is evidence of a marked preference for the marketing mechanism without intermediation. The findings can be very relevant for the design of public policies in terms of incentives for better coordination and integration, both vertical and horizontal, of the different links that intervene in the agri-food chain.

Emerging adults' cultural values, prosocial behaviors, and mental health in 14 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic Padilla Walker, Laura M.; Van der Graaff, Jolien; Workman, Katey; Carlo, Gustavo; Branje, Susan; Carrizales, Alexia; Gerbino, Maria; Gülseven, Zehra; Hawk, Skyler T.; Luengo Kanacri, Paula; Mesurado, Maria Belen; Samper García, Paula; Shen, Yuh-Ling; Taylor, Laura K.; Trach, Jessica; van Zalk, Maarten H. W.; Žukauskienė, Rita Evidence suggests an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, particularly among emerging adults. However, theories on altruism born of suffering or adversarial growth suggest that we might also see prosocial behavior as a function of the pandemic, which may protect against mental health challenges. Because cultural values are central in determining prosocial behavior, the current study explored how cultural values were differentially associated with adaptive prosocial behaviors that might protect against mental health challenges. Participants for the current study included 5,682 young people aged 18–25 years from 14 different countries around the world (68% female, 62% college students). Path analyses suggested that there were few differences in patterns as a function of culture, but revealed that horizontal individualism and horizontal and vertical collectivism were indirectly associated with lower levels of depression via prosocial behavior toward family members. Discussion focuses on the importance of coping by strengthening family relationships via prosocial behavior during the pandemic.

¿Quiénes necesitan vivienda en América Latina?: El allegamiento residencial en las estimaciones de déficit habitacional Marcos, Mariana; García García, Diva Marcela; Módenes, Juan Antonio En América Latina tanto el problema de la falta de viviendas de calidad como la respuesta del allegamiento —o la corresidencia— de hogares y familias por necesidad son fenómenos de larga data y persistentes, aunque también de amplia dispersión en su forma de medición. El objetivo de este artículo es precisar conceptualmente el problema y desentrañar la matriz teórica que subyace a las distintas formas de medición del componente cuantitativo del déficit habitacional, en especial en lo referido a la contabilización —o no— de los núcleos familiares secundarios como unidades requirentes de vivienda. En segundo lugar, se aporta a la discusión a partir del análisis demográfico de las estructuras de corresidencia analizadas empíricamente en las regiones metropolitanas de Bogotá y de Buenos Aires. Como resultado, se identificó que el allegamiento de núcleos y hogares puede resultar una estrategia residencial funcional no exclusiva de los grupos más pobres, especialmente en el contexto bogotano, y que su existencia facilita el cuidado mutuo en el interior de la vivienda. Sin embargo, la corresidencia también esconde una demanda demográfica insatisfecha, oculta en arreglos residenciales complejos disfuncionales y numéricamente muy representativos en los dos contextos analizados. El tratamiento de estas situaciones plantea un debate sobre la focalización de la política pública para resolver el déficit habitacional y las situaciones que se deben priorizar para garantizar el derecho a la vivienda en perspectiva de necesidades habitacionales y no solo de mercado.

Shifted varieties and discrete neighborhoods around varieties Von zur Gathen, Joachim; Matera, Guillermo In the area of symbolic-numerical computation within computer algebra, an interesting question is how “close” a random input is to the “critical” ones. Examples are the singular matrices in linear algebra or the polynomials with multiple roots for Newton's root-finding method. Bounds, sometimes very precise, are known for the volumes over or of such neighborhoods of the varieties of “critical” inputs; see the references below. This paper deals with the discrete version of this question: over a finite field, how many points lie in a certain type of neighborhood around a given variety? A trivial upper bound on this number is given by the product (size of the variety) ⋅ (size of a neighborhood of a point). It turns out that this bound is usually asymptotically tight, in particular for the singular matrices, polynomials with multiple roots, and pairs of non-coprime polynomials. The interesting question then is: for which varieties is this bound not asymptotically tight? We show that these are precisely those that admit a shift, that is, where one absolutely irreducible component of maximal dimension is a shift (translation by a fixed nonzero point) of another such component. Furthermore, the shift-invariant absolutely irreducible varieties are characterized as being cylinders over some base variety. Computationally, determining whether a given variety is shift-invariant turns out to be intractable, namely NP-hard even in simple cases.

Cápsides virales como vacunas contra fiebre aftosa: Selección, potenciación y estudio de la respuesta inmune inducida en el modelo murino; Viral capsids as vaccines against foot and mouth disease: Selection, enhancement and study of the unmune response induced in the murine model Zamorano, Patricia Ines; Zabal, Osvaldo Alfredo; Quattrocchi, Valeria; Langellotti, Cecilia Ana; Bidart, Juan Esteban; Kornuta, Claudia Alejandra; Angeletti, Pamela Maisa La Fiebre Aftosa (FA) es causada por el virus del mismo nombre (VFA). El sistema inmunológico de animales infectados reconoce epítopes conformacionales de la cápside e induce anticuerpos neutralizantes que son el requisito importante para la protección. La vacuna que se utiliza consiste en VFA químicamente inactivado con adyuvante oleoso. Su producción presenta desventajas: la necesidad de instalaciones de alta seguridad biológica, la de realizar controles para eliminar la posibilidad de inactivación incompleta del virus, y que algunos serotipos y subtipos tienen problemas para crecer en cultivos celulares.Esta propuesta —en el marco de una línea de investigación mundial— busca generar una vacuna contra VFA que no esté basada en virus infectivo y su inactivación. Las formulaciones de vacunas basadas en partículas similares al virus (VLP) tienen la ventaja de evitar el peligro biológico de usar el virus de la fiebre aftosa infecciosa, aunque son poco inmunogénicas. Por lo tanto, se evaluaron los efectos adyuvantes de ISPA, un nuevo Complejo Estimulante Inmunológico e ISA 206 (agua/ aceite/ agua) en una vacuna contra la fiebre aftosa basada en VLP.Se obtuvieron VLP (cepa A/ Argentina/ 2001) en cultivos de células de mamíferos y se evaluó en ratones la provocación de una respuesta inmune contra el virus de la fiebre aftosa con y sin ISPA o ISA 206 en ratones como un primer enfoque. En particular, las vacunas VLPs-ISPA y VLPs-ISA 206 indujeron protección contra el desafío viral en el 100 % de los ratones, mientras que la protección inducida por VLPs solas fue del 40 %. Los anticuerpos totales y neutralizantes contra el virus de la fiebre aftosa fueron más altos en los grupos VLP-ISPA y VLP-ISA 206 en comparación con el grupo VLP. VLPs-ISPA indujo títulos de IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b e IgG3 significativamente más altos (p <0,001) que la vacuna VLP. Además, en comparación con las VLP sin adyuvante, las VLP-ISPA y las VLP-ISA 206 provocaron una mayor respuesta T específica del virus, incluida una mayor producción de linfocitos de IFNγ + / CD8 + en ratones. Cuando estas vacunas se probaron en terneros, los títulos de anticuerpos alcanzaron un porcentaje de protección esperado (EPP) superior al 90 % en el caso de las vacunas VLPs-ISPA y VLPs-ISA 206, mientras que, en el grupo de VLP, la EPP alcanzó el 25 %. Los niveles de IFN-γ secretados por células mononucleares de ganado vacuno vacunado con VLP-ISPA fueron significativamente más altos que en el grupo de VLP. En general, los resultados demuestran que VLPs-ISPA o VLPs-ISA 206 son formulaciones prometedoras para el desarrollo de una nueva vacuna contra la fiebre aftosa.

Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina Panzeri, Karen Magalí; Gouiric Cavalli, Soledad; Cione, Alberto Luis; Fillippi, Leonardo The fossil record of dipnoans is mostly represented by tooth plates and jaw bones, whereas nearly complete or complete skulls are rare. Here, we describe a new dipnoan from the Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia (Argentina) using three-dimensional renderings generated by CT scans. It consists of a near-complete skull and postcranial material. Rinconodus salvadori n. gen., n. sp. is diagnosed by a combination of features, such as medial series composed of two unpaired bones, mediolateral series composed of two paired bones, lateral series with at least one bone, medial edge of tooth plates longer than the lingual edge and equally curved, upper tooth plates contiguous or close to one another with five denticulations, lower tooth plates widely separated with four denticulations, first denticulation of upper tooth plates longer and thinner than the remaining denticulations, and posteriorly curved, first denticulation of lower tooth plates relatively straight and longer than the remaining ones, among other characters. The new species is based on the first two nearly complete Santonian dipnoan skulls from South America. Moreover, the materials presented here are the geologically youngest dipnoan remains consisting of a near-complete skull and postcranium from the Cretaceous of Gondwana.

Environmental education in Brazil: trends and gaps from 2015 to 2019; Educação ambiental no Brasil: tendências e lacunas de 2015 a 2019; Educación ambiental en Brasil: tendencias y brechas de 2015 a 2019 Cararo, Emanuel Rampanelli; Chimello, Valéria Ferrarini; Piovezana, Leonel; Alves Lima Rezende, Cássia; Santos, Jorge Alejandro; Rezende, Renan de Souza Here we carried out a review of the open-access literature concerning Environmental Education in the prominent Brazilian journals from 2015 to 2019, aiming to provide trends in the field of Environmental Education Research in Brazil and highlighted well-studied areas and potential research gaps. We found a total of 695 articles from four scientific journals that met the selection criteria, and identified five key results: i) a predominance of qualitative research approach; ii) sex-biased authorshipskewed towards women; iii) high educational attainment, led by authors with doctoral degrees; iv) a majority of authors affiliated to public institutions, and v) a predominance of authors from institutions at the southeast region of Brazil. Therefore, ourresults highlight that the major gaps to be filled in Environmental Education are the lack of quantitative studies, low scientific production by private universities, and centralization of production in the southeast and south regions.; Aqui realizamos uma revisão da literatura de acesso aberto sobre Educação Ambiental nos principais periódicos brasileiros de 2015 a 2019, com o objetivo de fornecer tendências no campo da Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental no Brasil e destacar áreas bem estudadas e potenciais lacunas de pesquisa. Encontramos um total de 695 artigos de quatro revistas científicas que atenderam aos critérios de seleção e identificamos cinco resultados principais: i) predominância da abordagem qualitativa da pesquisa; ii) autoria com viés de sexo voltado para as mulheres; iii) alto nível educacional, liderado por autores com doutorado; iv) maioria de autores vinculados a instituições públicas, e v) predominância de autores de instituições da região sudeste do Brasil. Portanto, nossos resultados destacam que as principais lacunas a serem preenchidas na Educação Ambiental são a falta de estudos quantitativos, a baixa produção científica das universidades privadas e a centralização da produção nas regiões Sudeste e Sul.; Aquí llevamos a cabo una revisión de la literatura de acceso abierto sobre Educación Ambiental en las principales revistas brasileñas de 2015 a 2019, con el objetivo de proporcionar tendencias en el campo de la Investigación en Educación Ambiental en Brasil y destacar áreas bien estudiadas y posibles lagunas de investigación. Encontramos un total de 695 artículos de cuatro revistas científicas que cumplieron con los criterios de selección e identificamos cinco resultados clave: i) un predominio del enfoque de investigación cualitativo; ii) autoría con sesgo sexual hacia las mujeres; iii) alto nivel educativo, liderado por autores con doctorado; iv) mayoría de autores afiliados a instituciones públicas, yv) predominio de autores de instituciones de la región sureste de Brasil. Por lo tanto, nuestros resultados destacan que los principales vacíos a ser llenados en Educación Ambiental son la falta de estudios cuantitativos, la baja producción científica de las universidades privadas y la centralización de la producción en las regiones del sureste y sur.

Characteristics and birth outcomes of pregnant adolescents compared to older women: An analysis of individual level data from 140,000 mothers from 20 RCTs Akseer, Nadia; Keats, Emily Catherine; Thurairajah, Pravheen; Cousens, Simon; Bétran, Ana Pilar; Oaks, Brietta M.; Osrin, David; Piwoz, Ellen; Gomo, Exnevia; Ahmed, Faruk; Friis, Henrik; Belizan, Jose; Dewey, Kathryn; West, Keith; Huybregts, Lieven; Zeng, Lingxia; Dibley, Michael J.; Zagre, Noel; Christian, Parul; Kolsteren, Patrick Wilfried; Kaestel, Pernille; Black, Robert E.; El Arifeen, Shams; Ashorn, Ulla; Fawzi, Wafaie; Bhutta, Zulfiqar Ahmed; The Global Young Women's Nutrition Investigators Group Background: Adolescence is a critical period of maturation when nutrient needs are high, especially among adolescents entering pregnancy. Using individual-level data from 140,000 participants, we examined socioeconomic, nutrition, and pregnancy and birth outcomes for adolescent mothers (10–19 years) compared to older mothers in low and middle-income countries. Methods: This study was conducted between March 16, 2018 and May 25, 2021. Data were obtained from 20 randomised controlled trials of micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy. Stratified analyses were conducted by age (10–14 years, 15–17 years, 18–19 years, 20–29 years, 30–39 years, 40+ years) and geographical region (Africa, Asia). Crude and confounder-adjusted means, prevalence and relative risks of pregnancy, nutrition and birth outcomes were estimated using multivariable linear and log-binomial regression models with 95% confidence intervals. Findings: Adolescent mothers comprised 31.6% of our data. Preterm birth, small-for-gestational age (SGA), low birthweight (LBW) and newborn mortality followed a U-shaped trend in which prevalence was highest among the youngest mothers (10–14 years) and then reduced gradually, but increased again for older mothers (40+ years). When compared to mothers aged 20–29 years, there was a 23% increased risk of preterm birth, a 60% increased risk of perinatal mortality, a 63% increased risk of neonatal mortality, a 28% increased risk of LBW, and a 22% increased risk of SGA among mothers 10–14 years. Mothers 40+ years experienced a 22% increased risk of preterm birth and a 103% increased risk of stillbirth when compared to the 20–29 year group. Interpretation: The youngest and oldest mothers suffer most from adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Policy and programming agendas should consider both biological and socioeconomic/environmental factors when targeting these populations. Funding: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant No: OP1137750).

Allelochemicals from native plants of Argentina: Control of stored grains fungi Sampietro, Diego Alejandro Grain rot is caused by Fusarium and Aspergillus fungal species, these also cause major diseases in cereal crops. They reduce crops yields and contaminate the grains with mycotoxins (secondary metabolites produced by fungi), harmful to health of humans and livestock. Currently these are controlled by fungicides (i.e. azoles) before harvest and by food preservatives (i.e. short chain fatty acids and their salts). These compounds have several disadvantages, hence, are currently under strong scrutiny. Plant allelochemicals (phenolics) and essential oils are an alternative to replace the present commercial fungicides. These are only a small fraction of all allelochemicals available. This review, describes the current status to control grain rot fungi with plant allelochemicals, to search these compounds and our own research results to use the allelochemicals of native Argentinian plants against Fusarium and Aspergillus species.

Procesamiento emocional en niños y adolescentes según sexo; Emotional Processing in Children and Adolescents According to Sex Mina, Leonel Simon; Bakker, Liliana; Rubiales, Josefina; Funes, Nicolás Objetivo: analizar el procesamiento emocional en niños, niñas y adolescentes argentinos de edad escolar según sexo. Método: estudio descriptivo-comparativo con un diseño ex post facto, transversal. Participaron en la investigación 67 mujeres y 74 varones escolarizados de entre 7 y 14 años dividido en tres franjas etarias. Para evaluar el procesamiento emocional se utilizaron las 60 imágenes específicas para niños y adolescentes del International Affective Picture System (IAPS), y para medir los juicios evaluativos se utilizó el Self Assessment Manikin (SAM). Resultados: la distribución de las imágenes muestra una correlación moderada negativa entre dos dimensiones afectivas básicas del procesamiento emocional, la valencia afectiva y la activación fisiológica, con valores similares en ambos sexos. Las mujeres puntuaron más bajo que los varones en valencia y arousal, aunque sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Los varones evaluaron los estímulos aversivos con menor grado de activación y los estímulos agradables con mayor activación. En general, se observa mayor agrupamiento de las imágenes desagradables y neutras en las mujeres respecto de las de los varones. Conclusión: en ambos sexos se presentó una relación inversa entre valencia y arousal, evidenciada en mayor activación ante imágenes desagradables, lo cual demostraría una tendencia evitativa cuando los niveles de arousal son elevados. Las mujeres reaccionaron a las imágenes desagradables con mayor intensidad mientras que los varones, valoraron las imágenes agradables con mayor intensidad.; Objective: to analyze emotional processing in Argentine school-age children and adolescents according to sex. Method: descriptive-comparative study with an ex post facto, cross-sectional design. 67 girls and 74 schooled boys aged between 7 and 14, participated in the research divided into three age ranges. The 60 specific images for children and adolescents from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) were used to assess emotional processing, and the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) was used to measure evaluative judgments. Results: the distribution of the images shows a moderate negative correlation between valence and arousal, with similar values in both sexes. Women scored lower in valence and arousal compared to men, although without statistically significant differences. The men evaluated the aversive stimuli with a lower degree of activation and the pleasant stimuli with greater activation. In general, a greater grouping of unpleasant and neutral images is observed in women compared to those of men. Conclusion: in both sexes there was an inverse relationship between valence and arousal, evidenced in greater activation in the face of unpleasant images, which would demonstrate an avoidance trend when arousal levels are high. Females reacted to unpleasant images with greater intensity while males rated pleasant images with higher degree.

Pensamento Feminista Latino-Americano: Reflexões sobre a colonialidade do saber/poder e da sexualidade; Pensamiento feminista Latinoamericano: Reflexiones sobre la colonialidad del saber/ poder y la sexualidad Bard Wigdor, Gabriela; Artazo, Gabriela Cristina; Soares Nascimento, Mariana Para serem reconhecidos e reconstruírem uma visão de mundo própria, os movimentos feministas latino-americanos tiveram que assumir sua genealogia, fruto da colonialidade, e lutar contra ela. A resistência ao genocídio indígena e à escravidão, à violência sexual da colonização, à negação da própria cultura, bem como à inferiorização de suas capacidades de conhecimento e miscigenação compulsiva, tornaram-se eixos de reflexão e organização. Mesmo assim, o feminismo latino-americano deve ser reconhecido em uma posição subalterna no que se refere aos movimentos feministas europeus e norte-americanos, mas também dentro do próprio pensamento latino-americano, que sistematicamente ignorou e tornou invisíveis as epistemologias do feminismo e suas contribuições à teoria crítica. Este artigo visa contribuir para a reconstrução dos alicerces fundamentais para o feminismo na região, e, também desenvolver ferramentas teóricas que deem conta dos processos de subalternidade das mulheres e expressões de gênero não dominantes nos níveis geopolítico, econômico, social e de gênero, para além da narrativa eurocêntrica dominante. Devido a situação em que nós povos latino-americanos nos encontramos, torna-se uma tarefa política e científica urgente fazer parte da recuperação e elaboração de teorias feministas e decolonais que pensem a região.; Para identificarse y reconstruir una visión de mundo propia, los movimientos feministas latinoamericanos debieron asumir una genealogía producto de la colonialidad y rebelarse contra ella. La resistencia al genocidio indígena y a la esclavitud, a la violencia sexual de la colonización, a la negación de la propia cultura; así como a la inferiorización de sus capacidades de conocimiento y el mestizaje compulsivo, fueron ejes de reflexión y organización. Asimismo, el feminismo latinoamericano debe reconocerse en una posición subalterna respecto a los feminismos europeos y norteamericanos, pero también al interior del propio pensamiento latinoamericano, que sistemáticamente desconoció e invisibilizó las epistemologías del feminismo y sus aportes a la teoría crítica. El presente artículo se propone aportar a la reconstrucción de los ejes que han sido centrales para el feminismo de la región, así como desarrollar las herramientas teóricas que intentan abordar los procesos de subalternidad de las mujeres y expresiones de género no dominantes a nivel geopolítico, económico, social y de género, más allá del relato eurocéntrico dominante. Dada la situación en que nos encontramos los pueblos latinoamericanos, ser parte de la recuperación y elaboración de teorías feministas latinoamericanas y decoloniales que piensen la región, se torna una tarea política y científica urgente.

The Canny–Emiris Conjecture for the Sparse Resultant D'Andrea, Carlos; Jeronimo, Gabriela Tali; Sombra, Martín We present a product formula for the initial parts of the sparse resultant associated with an arbitrary family of supports, generalizing a previous result by Sturmfels. This allows to compute the homogeneities and degrees of this sparse resultant, and its evaluation at systems of Laurent polynomials with smaller supports. We obtain an analogous product formula for some of the initial parts of the principal minors of the Sylvester-type square matrix associated with a mixed subdivision of a polytope. Applying these results, we prove that under suitable hypothesis, the sparse resultant can be computed as the quotient of the determinant of such a square matrix by one of its principal minors. This generalizes the classical Macaulay formula for the homogeneous resultant and confirms a conjecture of Canny and Emiris.

A new species of Orthobula Simon, 1897 (Araneae: Trachelidae) from South America Piñanez Espejo, Yolanda María Guadalupe; Munévar, Ana; Kochalka, John A. Orthobula Simon, 1897 is a group of very small litter-dwelling spiders with a tropical and subtropical distribution. The genus comprises 18 species, without any records in the Neotropical realm yet. Here we describe O. sudamericana sp. nov., distributed in Argentina and Paraguay. The new species appears to be most closely related to O. chayuensis Yang, Song and Zhu, 2003. The male also resembles O. charitonovi (Mikhailov, 1986). Orthobula sudamericana sp. nov. females differ from these species by the straight and parallel insemination ducts, and males by the centrally located, Ushaped sperm duct. Further, we summarize details on its natural history and habitat characteristics.

Los límites de las perspectivas teóricas liberales para estudiar las democracias en las provincias argentinas; The limits of liberal theoretical perspectives to study democracies in Argentine states Campos, Hernán El artículo propuso identificar algunos elementos teóricos epistémicos para repensar las democracias en las provincias de Argentina, en especial la de Santiago del Estero. El interés surge de un proceso de investigación sobre las redes partidarias, en donde se indaga sobre las formas de construir representación política y democracia. Se exploraron los artículos de Gibson: “Autoritarismo subnacional: estrategias territoriales de control político en regímenes democráticos”, y de Gervasoni: “Democracia, autoritarismo e hibridez en las provincias argentinas: la medición y las causas de los regímenes subnacionales”, para tensionar las bases liberales del pensamiento de estos autores. La posibilidad de pensar los aspectos epistemológicos, no es a los fines de descalificar o de señalar la inviabilidad de sus argumentos, sino de ir más allá. Advirtiendo la necesidad de la reflexividad del sujeto investigador. Es decir, objetivar la situacionalidad desde donde se piensa, de lo que se dice y de los efectos políticos del saber académico.; The article set out to identify some epistemic theoretical elements to rethink democracies in the provinces of Argentina, especially Santiago del Estero. The interest arises from a process of research on party networks, in which the forms of constructing political representation and democracy are investigated. The articles by Gibson: “Subnational authoritarianism: territorial strategies of political control in democratic regimes”, and Gervasoni: “Democracy, authoritarianism and hybridity in the Argentine provinces: the measurement and causes of subnational regimes”, were explored in order to test the liberal bases of these authors’ thinking. The possibility of thinking about epistemological aspects is not for the purpose of disqualifying or pointing out the unfeasibility of their arguments, but to go beyond them. It is to note the need for reflexivity on the part of the research subject. That is to say, to objectify the situationality of where one thinks, of what is said and of the political effects of academic knowledge.

Solar Energy in Argentina Bragagnolo, Julio A.; Taretto, Kurt Rodolfo; Navntoft, Christian There is a large gap between the vast solar resources and the magnitude of solar energy deployment in Argentina. In the case of photovoltaics, the country only reached the 1000 GWh electricity generated yearly landmark in 2020. Solar thermal technology is even less developed, in part due to the low natural gas prices resulting from political strategies that aim to soften the impact of an unstable economy on family budgets. This review describes this gap by summarizing the current state of Argentine solar energy. We summarize the fundamental legal and strategic tools which are available for solar energy deployment, survey the penetration of solar energy into the country?s energy landscape, identify national contributions to the local value chain, and review past and present research and development achievements. Both photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies show a historical fluctuation between local technology development and imported technology and know-how. Finally, a discussion on the main ingredients required to abridge Argentina?s solar gap indicates that stronger, consistent long-term strategies are required in Argentina in order to take advantage of the present window of opportunity, and to play a considerable role in the global energy transition.

Hacia la evaluación perceptual forense: Transformación de puntajes de similitud a relaciones de verosimilitud. Parte 2: hablantes femeninos Masessa, Evangelina; Suligoy, Stefanía; Molina, N.; Torres, Humberto Maximiliano; Univaso, Pedro; Gurlekian, Jorge Alberto Objetivo: obtener las distribuciones probabilísticas de las respuestas a la evaluación de pares de voces femeninas provenientes de la misma y diferentes hablantes que permiten desarrollar el método indirecto para el cálculo del cociente de verosimilitudes (LR). Desarrollo experimental: se inicia con la creación de una base de datos que considera el diseño de 2520 frases, las cuales serán emitidas por 40 hablantes femeninos nativos de Argentina, en distintas sesiones. Se crearon estímulos con pares de frases provenientes de la misma y de distintas hablantes combinando frases diferentes grabadas en distintas sesiones. Se realizó la evaluación auditiva de los pares donde los oyentes debían indicar si las dos frases habían sido generadas por un mismo hablante o por distintas hablantes, indicando el grado de confianza en la respuesta. Resultados: a partir de las respuestas de los evaluadores, se estimaron las funciones de densidad de probabilidad para pares provenientes del mismo hablante y de diferentes hablantes. Al comparar las respuestas acumulativas de 1 a 5 oyentes para comprobar el efecto del número de evaluadores en las distribuciones obtenidas, se verifica una disminución en las mediciones de error efectuadas.Conclusiones: La evaluación perceptual de voces permite representar las funciones distribución de probabilidad de las respuestas a pares de voces de un mismo y diferentes hablantes provenientes de una población de hablantes nativos femeninos. Con las distribuciones estimadas será posible realizar la conversión del puntaje resultante de las comparaciones de la evidencia a los cocientes de verosimilitudes, denominado en el ámbito forense como la fuerza de la evidencia.; : Objective: to obtain the probabilistic distributions of the responses to the evaluation of pairs of female voices coming from the same and different speakers that allow the development of the indirect method for the calculation of the likelihood ratio (LR). Experimental development: it starts with the development of a database that considers the design of 2520 sentences, which will be emitted by 40 female native speakers from Argentina, in different sessions. Pairs of sentences from the same and different speakers were created by combining different sentences recorded in different sessions. The auditory evaluation of the pairs was carried out where the listeners had to indicate whether the two sentences had been generated by the same speaker or by different speakers, indicating the degree of confidence in the response. Results: from the evaluators' responses, probability density functions were obtained for pairs coming from the same speaker and from different speakers. When comparing the cumulative responses from 1 to 5 listeners to check the effect of the number of evaluators on the distributions obtained, a decrease in the error measurements was verified. Conclusions: The perceptual evaluation of voices makes it possible to represent the probability distribution functions of the responses to pairs of voices from the same and different speakers from a population of female native speakers. With the distributions obtained it will be possible to convert the score resulting from the evidence comparisons into likelihood ratios, known in the forensic field as "the strength of the evidence".