Resistance to β-lactams in Streptococcus pneumoniae Von Specht, Martha Helena; García Gabarrot, Gabriela; Mollerach, Marta Eugenia; Bonofiglio, Laura; Gagetti, Paula Silvana; Kaufman, Sara; Vigliarolo, Laura; Toresani, Silvia María Ines; Lopardo, Horacio Angel Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important causal agent of pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, bacteremia, and otitis media. Penicillin resistance rates in S. pneumoniae have remained stable in Argentina in the last years. In the late ?90s more isolates with MIC of penicillin ≥2 μg/ml were observed; however, their frequency has decreased in recent years. The phenotypic expression of penicillin resistance is due to a modification in penicillin-binding proteins associated with a mosaic structure in the coding genes. The expansion of successful resistant clones varies among the different regions and is influenced by the use of antibiotics, vaccines, particularly conjugated ones, as well as population density. Parenteral treatment with high doses of penicillin G continues to be effective for the treatment of pneumonia and bacteremia, oral aminopenicillins for otitis media and sinusitis and third generation cephalosporins for meningitis.

Da Dilma a Bolsonaro: Crisi d’egemonia e svolta autoritaria in Brasile? Clemente, Dario Considering the events that affected Brazil between 2013 and 2016 as a crisis of hegemony, the author analyses the impeachment of the President of the Republic, Dilma Rousseff, and the consequent election of Jair Bolsonaro as an authoritarian turn supported by the Brazilian ruling class. The hypothesis is that recent events in Brazil determined the closure of a political cycle that began in 1988 and the opening of a new phase.; Considerando los hechos que afectaron a Brasil entre 2013 y 2016 como una crisis de hegemonía, el autor examina el impeachment de la presidenta de la republica Dilma Rousseff y la consecuente elección de Jair Bolsonaro como una salida autoritaria apoyada por las clases dominantes brasileñas. La hipótesis es que los eventos recientes en Brasil han marcado el cierre de un ciclo político comenzado en 1988 y abierto una nueva fase.; Considerando gli avvenimenti che hanno interessato il Brasile tra il 2013 e il 2016 come una crisi d’egemonia, l’autore esamina la messa in stato di accusa della presidente della repubblica Dilma Rousseff e la conseguente elezione di Jair Bolsonaro come svolta autoritaria sostenuta dalle classi dominanti brasiliane. L’ipotesi è che i recenti avvenimenti in Brasile segnalino la chiusura di un ciclo politico iniziato nel 1988 e l’apertura di una fase nuova.

"Una esquina muy particular": disputas patrimoniales en un ex centro clandestino de detención de la ciudad de Rosario (2015-2019); “A very particular corner”: heritage disputes in a former clandestine detention center of Rosario city (2015-2019) Cinto, Agustina El artículo se propone analizar una serie de disputas patrimoniales en torno al ex centro clandestino de detención (CCD) Servicio de Informaciones de la Policía de Santa Fe, ubicado en la ciudad de Rosario, que funcionó entre los años 1976 y 1980, durante la última dictadura. Considerando al patrimonio como objeto sagrado laicizado atravesado por disputas, delimitamos para el análisis el período 2015-2019, cuando el ex CCD fue inaugurado como Espacio de Memoria. Sostenemos que, en el proceso que involucra tanto al Estado como al movimiento de derechos humanos y a expertos/as de la materialidad, pueden distinguirse dos aspectos que valorizan de manera diferente al ex CCD, así como dos criterios de intervención patrimonial que conviven y se tensionan entre sí. En ese marco, la (des)sacralización patrimonial del ex CCD, sus características y prácticas posibles adquieren sentido situacionalmente, de acuerdo a los/as actores que las llevan a cabo. El problema abordado forma parte de una investigación doctoral en curso, desarrollada mediante un trabajo de campo etnográfico, que incluye observaciones participantes y entrevistas no dirigidas, acompañado de análisis documental y relevamiento periodístico y fotográfico.; This paper aims to analyze a series of heritage disputes around the former clandestine detention center (CDC) Information Service of Santa Fe’s state police department, located in Rosario city, which functioned between 1976 and 1980, during the last dictatorship. Considering heritage as a sacred laicized object and crossed by disputes, we delimited a period between 2015 and 2019 for the analysis, when the former CDC was inaugurated as Space of Memory. In this process, which involves the State, the Human Rights movement, and experts in materiality, we distinguished two aspects, which valorize it in different ways, as well as two related but opposite heritage intervention criteria. In this framework, the former CDC (des)sacralization, its characteristics, and possible practices have meaning situationally, according to the actors who carry them out. The problem is part of an ongoing doctoral research, developed through an ethnographic fieldwork since 2015, which includes participant observations and non-directive interviews, but also documentary and press analysis and photographic record.

Los discursos políticos del patrimonio: Un caso de activación patrimonial en Argentina; The political discourses of heritage: A case of asset activation in Argentina Mariano, Mercedes; Conforti, María Eugenia Este trabajo se inscribe en el marco de un programa interdisciplinario de estudios del patrimonio, específicamente en un proyecto de investigación que busca analizar la relación que las comunidades locales de ciudades intermedias establecen con el patrimonio cultural. En este sentido, se han realizado estudios en el área centro de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El partido de Benito Juárez constituye uno de los casos en el que se investiga de manera sistemática desde hace 5 años. Se destacan en él algunas particularidades respecto de los procesos de puesta en valor y activación patrimonial que ponen sobre el escenario diferentes, pero articuladas, modalidades de gestión y participación: estatal, alternativas y comunitarias.Objetivo: En ese marco, se propone identificar y analizar las discursividades que se construyen, desde la perspectiva nativa estatal, durante el acto de patrimonialización de la estancia fundacional del partido:El Sol Argentino.Métodos: Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa basada en la observación participante durante el evento y el análisis de los discursos políticos públicos.Resultados: Se pudo identificar que los valores puestos en juego desde la gestión para legitimar dicho bien cultural como patrimonio local son aquellos referidos a su materialidad, especialmente sus condiciones arquitectónicas y no aquellos vinculados con una historia común que habilite nuevas lógicas de significación, uso y apropiación del bien.Conclusiones: Consideramos que el principal desafío está en promover prácticas patrimoniales que habiliten otras formas de reflexión no hegemónicas, de tipo más colectivas y comunitarias.; This work is part of an interdisciplinary program of heritage studies, specifically in a research Project that seeks to analyze the relationship that local communities in intermediate cities establish with cultural heritage. In this sense, studies have been carried out in the central area of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Benito Juárez's party constitutes one of the cases in which it has been systematically investigated for 5 years. I thighlights some peculiarities regarding the processes of enhancement and asset activation that put on the stage different, but articulated, management and participation modalities: state, alternative and community. Objective Within this framework, it is proposed to identify and analyze the discursivities that are constructed, from the native state perspective, during the act of patrimonialization of the founding stay of the party: «El Sol Argentino». Method A qualitative methodology based on participant observation during the event and analysis of public political discourses was used. Results It was possible to identify that the values putting to play by the management to legitimize said cultural asset as local heritage are those referring to its materiality, especially its architectural conditions and not those related to a common history that enables new logics of meaning, use and appropriation of good. Conclusions We consider that the main challenge is to promote patrimonial practices that enable other forms of nonhegemonic reflection, of a more collective and community type.

"El tango es un sentimiento": Un abordaje socio semiótico de la dimensión emocional en la recepción del tango; “Tango is a feeling”: A social semiotic approach on the emotional dimension in tango reception Montes, Maria de Los Angeles Las emociones, los afectos, son parte fundamental del sentido que son capaces de producir la música y la danza. Y, aunque pueden parecer efectos inmediatos, son en realidad el resultado de complejos procesos inferenciales, condicionados por las prácticas de apropiación en las que se insertan. En esta comunicación presentamos los resultados de una investigación sobre la dimensión afectiva en los procesos de interpretación y apropiación del tango argentino entre milongueros. Nos preguntamos: ¿Qué se siente al escuchar y bailar el tango? ¿Por qué se producen esos efectos? ¿Cómo interpretan los milongueros esos afectos? ¿Qué ocurre cuando éstos ingresan a sus narrativas identitarias?La principal conclusión a la que arribamos es que entre los efectos emocionales producidos en el marco de esa apropiación que es la danza, y su aparición en los relatos de los milongueros, existe un salto semiótico que solo puede comprenderse correctamente en clave socio semiótica.; Emotions, affects, represent an essential part of the sense that is capable of producing music and dance. And however immidiate those effects may seem, in actuality, they are the result of complex inferential processes, conditioned by the appropriation practices in which they are inserted. In this paper, we put forth the results of a research on the affective dimension in the processes of interpretation and appropriation of Argentine tango among milongueros (casual tango dancers). We ask ourselves: How does it feel to listen to and dance tango? Why do these effects occur? How do milongueros interpret these affects? What happens when they enter their identity narratives? Our main conclusion is that among the emotional effects produced between the framework of the appropriation of the dance and their emergence in milongueros’ stories, there is a semiotic leap that can only be properly understood in a socio-semiotic key.

Time to integrate pollinator science into soybean production Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro; Schulte, Lisa A.; Nabaes Jodar, Diego Nicolás; Gómez Carella, Dulce Sol; Kremen, Claire Soybeans cover 129 million hectares globally. Soybean productivity can increase with pollinator management, but soybean cultivation practices commonly ignore biotic pollination. If pollinator habitats are created within soybean landscapes and policies to limit agricultural expansion are implemented, millions of hectares could be restored for biodiversity without loss of soybean production.

Pharmacological inactivation of catsper blocks sperm fertilizing ability independently of the capacitation status of the cells: implications for non-hormonal contraception Curci, Ludmila; Carvajal, Guillermo; Sulzyk, Valeria; Gonzalez, Soledad Natalia; Cuasnicu, Patricia Sara Cation channel of sperm (CatSper), the main sperm-specific Ca2+ channel, plays a key role in mammalian fertilization, and it is essential for male fertility, becoming an attractive target for contraception. Based on this, in the present work, we investigated the effects of CatSper inactivation on in vitro and in vivo sperm fertilizing ability and the mechanisms underlying such effects. Exposure of cauda epididymal mouse sperm to different concentrations (1–20 μM) of the potent CatSper inhibitor HC-056456 (HC) during in vitro capacitation showed no effects on sperm viability but significantly affected Ca2+ entry into the cells, progressive motility, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, induced acrosome reaction, and hyperactivation, as well as the sperm’s ability to in vitro fertilize cumulus oocyte complexes and zona-free eggs. Whereas the presence of HC during gamete coincubation did not affect in vitro fertilization, exposure of either non-capacitating or already capacitated sperm to HC prior to gamete coincubation severely reduced fertilization, indicating that sperm function is affected by HC when the cells are incubated with the drug before sperm–egg interaction. Of note, insemination of HC-treated sperm into the uterus significantly or completely reduced the percentage of oviductal fertilized eggs showing, for the first time, the effects of a CatSper inhibitor on in vivo fertilization. These observations, together with the finding that HC affects sperm fertilizing ability independently of the sperm capacitation status, provide further insights on how CatSper regulates sperm function and represent a solid proof of concept for developing a male/female non-hormonal contraceptive based on the pharmacological blockage of CatSper activity.

Population responses of pest birds across a forest cover gradient in the Chaco ecosystem Verga, Ernesto Gustavo; Huais, Pablo Yair; Herrero, María Lucrecia Industrial agriculture can trigger an increase in abundance of some bird species, promoting the emergence of pests, causing damage to crops and economic loss for farmers. Even though there are different strategies to control pest birds (chemicals, hunting, repellents, etc), in general they are inefficient. Moreover, these strategies can threaten non-target species, and toxic substances can be bioaccumulated in the food chain of wildlife animals. An alternative strategy (or at least complementary) could be the design of agricultural landscapes that balance natural habitats and crop production areas in a way that would not trigger the abundance increases of potential pest birds. We assessed population trends of four bird species (potentially agricultural pests) across a forest cover gradient, and consequently, a gradient of agricultural cover expansion, at a landscape level. The study was conducted in the Chaco forest, one of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide due to agricultural expansion. Studied species were Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata), Spot-winged Pigeon (Patagioenas maculosa), Picazuro Pigeon (Patagioenas picazuro) and Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus), and their populations are often considered as the major pest birds for agriculture in several areas of Argentina and in other countries of South America. Abundances of birds species were measured in focal sites (forest patches) and the percentage of forest cover was estimated within buffers of 2000 m radius surrounding each site. A total of 12 local landscapes were surveyed. Results show that population responses (i.e. changes in abundance) to the gradient of forest cover were idiosyncratic. The main result shows that relative abundance of Eared Dove, the most abundant species, was triggered when landscapes had less than 16% of forest cover: landscapes with low forest cover (less than 10%) contained six times the relative abundance of Eared Dove than landscapes with a high percentage of forest cover (close to 100%). We propose that as pest birds in agroecosystems are a problem at the landscape or regional scale, solutions should be thought at such scale. In this context, landscapes in the region should conserve more than 16% of forest cover to attempt to control one of the most abundant pest bird species of South America.

Business with Purpose and the Purpose of Business Schools: Re-Imagining Capitalism in a Post Pandemic World: A Conversation with Jay Coen Gilbert, Raymond Miles, Christian Felber, Raj Sisodia, Paul Adler, and Charles Wookey Rocha, Hector; Pirson, Michael; Suddaby, Roy The emergence of innovative business models suggests that the foundational assumptions of competitive capitalism are increasingly in doubt. Business schools, however, appear to be followers rather than leaders in this historical moment of social change. While consumers and businesses are experimenting with new models of capitalism, business schools have been slow to change. What role should business schools play in this emerging new era of purpose-driven capitalism and business with purpose? We explore this question in conversation with six global experts, three in academia and three in practice, who are leading this change. The experts conclude that business must serve the needs of humanity rather than the needs of business. Business schools, therefore, need to reduce their emphasis on how to make businesses more rational and efficient and should instead focus on how businesses can help address more fundamental questions of the human condition.

Cdc42 localized in the CatSper signaling complex regulates cAMP‐dependent pathways in mouse sperm Luque, Guillermina Maria; Xu, Xinran; Romarowski, Ana; Gervasi, María G.; Orta, Gerardo; De la Vega Beltrán, José L.; Stival, Cintia Estefanía; Gilio, Nicolás; D'alotto Moreno, Tomas; Krapf, Dario; Visconti, Pablo E.; Krapf, Diego; Darszon, Alberto; Buffone, Mariano Gabriel Sperm acquire the ability to fertilize in a process called capacitation and undergo hyperactivation, a change in the motility pattern, which depends on Ca2+ transport by CatSper channels. CatSper is essential for fertilization and it is subjected to a complex regulation that is not fully understood. Here, we report that similar to CatSper, Cdc42 distribution in the principal piece is confined to four linear domains and this localization is disrupted in CatSper1-null sperm. Cdc42 inhibition impaired CatSper activity and other Ca2+-dependent downstream events resulting in a severe compromise of the sperm fertilizing potential. We also demonstrate that Cdc42 is essential for CatSper function by modulating cAMP production by soluble adenylate cyclase (sAC), providing a new regulatory mechanism for the stimulation of CatSper by the cAMP-dependent pathway. These results reveal a broad mechanistic insight into the regulation of Ca2+ in mammalian sperm, a matter of critical importance in male infertility as well as in contraception.

Descripción de la fauna de mosquitos (díptera culicdae) en el departamento Formosa, provincia de Formosa, República Argentina; Description of the mosquito fauna (Diptera culicidae) in the Department of Formosa, Province of Formosa. Argentine Republic Hoyos, Carlos Blas; Monzon, Carlos Manuel Una gran diversidad de especies ha sido descripta como miembros de la familia Culicidae. Ampliamente distribuidas por todo el mundo es reconocida su importancia, como vectores de diversas enfermedades. En la región del Nordeste Argentino se han producido aportes sistemáticos basados en las características de sus hábitats y la preferencia de sus hospedadores. En la provincia de Formosa se han citado solo 63 especies en contraste con los 94 citadas para la provincia del Chaco y 189 para la provincia de Misiones. El presente trabajo basó su estudio en la composición, abundancia y diversidad de la población de culícidos en el departamento Formosa.; A great diversity of species has been described as members of the family Culicidae. They are widely distributed all over the world and their importance as vectors of several diseases is well known. In the Northeastern region of Argentina, systematic contributions have been made based on their habitat characteristics and host preference. In the province of Formosa only 63 species have been cited in contrast to the 94 cited for the province of Chaco and 189 for the province of Misiones.The present work was based on the composition, abundance and diversity of the culicidae population in the department of Formosa.

Adrenal cortex stimulation with hCG in spayed female dogs with Cushing's syndrome: Is the LH-dependent variant possible? Espiñeira, Ignacio M.; Vidal, Patricia Noemi; Ghersevich, María Carolina; Arias, Elber A. Soler; Bosetti, Fernanda; Blatter, María F. Cabrera; Miceli, Diego Daniel; Castillo, Víctor A. The expression and overexpression of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors in the canine adrenal gland cortex have been reported. Therefore, it was hypothesized that a LH-dependent form of Cushing´s syndrome (CS) could exist in dogs.

Intratables en pandemia: Cambios y continuidades en el panelismo televisivo Heram, Yamila Tomando como punto de partida la conferencia de prensa del presidente dela nación Alberto Fernández (8 de mayo de 2020) en la que anuncia la continuidad delAislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio (ASPO) por COVID-19 en Argentina, nosproponemos analizar de qué manera el programa de panelismo Intratables cambió en suemisión postconferencia como consecuencia de la relevancia político-social que conllevódicho acontecimiento. El interés por indagar en una emisión postconferencia resulta relevante en la conjunción de dos aspectos centrales: por un lado, las conferencias de prensaen los inicios de la pandemia han acaparado la atención de los medios y las redes sociales,en ellas se anuncian los cambios y continuidades de la cuarentena en sus diferentes fases.Por el otro, indagar en uno de los pocos programas de la televisión que en el horario delprime time se ocupa de la actualidad bajo uno de los géneros más transversales como es elpanelismo, reviste de especial interés en un contexto de crisis sanitaria como el actual enel que el consumo de medios se ha incrementado; Taking as a starting point the press conference of the president of the nation Alberto Fernández (May 8, 2020) in which he announces the continuity of the Preventive and Mandatory Social Isolation due to COVID-19 in Argentina, we propose to analyze what in this way, the Intratables panelism program was reconfigured after this media event. The interest in investigating a post-conference broadcast is relevant in the conjunction of two central aspects: on the one hand, the press conferences at the beginning of the pandemic have captured the attention of the media and social networks, in which the changes are announced and continuities of the quarantine in its different phases. On the other hand, investigating one of the few television programs that in prime time deals with current affairs under one of the most transversal genres such as panelism, is of special interest in a context of health crisis such as the current one in which media consumption has increased.; Tomando como ponto de partida a conferencia do presidente da nação Alberto Fernández (8 de maio de 2020) em que anuncia a continuidade do Isolamento Social Preventivo e Obrigatório devido ao COVID-19 na Argentina, propomos analisar o que desta forma, o programa de painel Intratables foi reconfigurado após este evento de mídia. O interesse em investigar uma transmissão pós-conferência é relevante na conjunção de dois aspectos centrais: por um lado, as entrevistas coletivas no início da pandemia chamaram a atenção da mídia e das redes sociais, nas quais as mudanças são anunciadas e continuidades da quarentena em suas diferentes fases. Por outro lado, a investigação de um dos poucos programas de televisão que em horário nobre trata as notícias sob um dos gêneros mais transversais como o painelismo, é de especial interesse em um contexto de crise de saúde como o atual em que o consumo de mídia aumentou

Eleven years of Toxoplasma gondii serological follow-up in a goat herd and association of toxoplasmosis with reproductive losses Steffen, K.D.; Gos, Maria Laura; Gortari Castillo, Lihuel; Arias, R.O.; Venturini, M.C.; Moré, Gastón Andrés Toxoplasmosis is considered one of the most important causes of abortion in small ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii antibody titres and reproductive losses over an 11 year period in a goat farm located in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Blood samples were obtained from 85 goats, representing three breeds, during the last third of gestation (n = 165 gestations), in consecutive pregnancies (2008–2019), and from 51 goats during kidding to analyze seroconversion. Serum was evaluated by IFAT with T. gondii antigen, using 1:100 dilution as the cut-off titre and processed to end titre. An overall reproductive loss of 31% (51/165) was detected, including 16.4% (27/165) abortions and 14.6% (24/165) perinatal deaths. The seropositivity to T. gondii was 100% (85/85) with all animals positive in successive samplings and, therefore, considered chronically infected. Antibody titres showed average values greater than 1100 in each year and breed group. Differences in antibody levels were associated with breed and were lower in those that were predominately Creole and higher in those that were predominately Saanen. Seroconversion was detected in 16.2% (6/37) and 57.1% (8/14) of goats from the Creole and Sannen breed groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in the antibody titre average between goats with reproductive losses and those with healthy kids, although the goats with perinatal deaths had a significantly higher titre average. These results suggest reinfection or reactivation, although no association with reproductive losses was observed. Higher antibody titres were associated with perinatal deaths. The high T. gondii antibody titres in a farm with 100% seroprevalence did not allow for association with reproductive losses, particularly abortion, to be assessed.

Santonian-Campanian continentalization in the Austral-Magallanes basin: regional correlation, provenance and geodynamic setting Ghiglione, Matias; Rocha, Emilio; Raggio, Maria Fernanda; Ramos, Miguel Esteban; Ronda, Gonzalo; Moyano Paz, Damián; Varela, Augusto Nicolas; Valencia, Victor A key event in the paleogeographic evolution of the Austral-Magallanes foreland basin was the Santonian–Maastrichtian continentalization, marked by the appearance of deltaic, fluvial and wetland sequences stacked on top of deep marine deposits. The expanding ecological niche was exploited by theropods and influenced the evolutionary history of dinosaurs. We present new detrital zircon U–Pb geochronological data across this littoral to continental depocenter, in order to provide insights of its age, geographical extension, source regions and geodynamic setting. Littoral sandstones from La Anita Formation yield Maximum Depositional Ages (MDA) between ~86–80 Ma (weighted mean ages), and ~79–78 Ma youngest zircons. Our results are in accordance with a Santonian–Campanian depositional age. The sequence continues with badlands and fluvial systems (Cerro Fortaleza and La Irene Formations), followed by meandering fluvial and lacustrine deposits (Chorrillo Formation). Transgressive marine facies topping the sequence (Calafate Formation) yield a preferred Maastrichtian 69 ± 2 Ma MDA from the youngest zircon. The provenance and tectonic analyses indicate that basin shallowing during Santonian–Campanian times was driven by advance of the orogenic front, which produced the shift from a foredeep setting to a wedge-top depozone. The unroofing of progressively deeper structural levels is registered in the basin fill, which suggests exhumation in the Basement domain during the Santonian–Maastrichtian.

Consequences of Lockdown During COVID-19 Pandemic in Lifestyle and Emotional State of Children in Argentina Fasano, Maria Victoria; Padula, Marcela; Azrak, María Ángeles; Avico, Ana Julia; Sala, Marisa; Andreoli, Maria Florencia The implications of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown measurements and social isolation in children and their parents are still unknown. The aims of this study were to examine the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on emotional state, feelings and lifestyle of children and their parents, to explore the association between parental characteristics and child well-being and to examine whether the impact of lockdown depends on socio-economic status. Parents completed an online survey including data about socio-demographic information, parent and child feelings and lifestyle during lockdown. Logistic regression and correlation analysis were used to establish associations between variables. In total, 814 parents with children between 4 and 11 were included in the study. According to parents, 69.5% of the children showed changes in their emotional state, 55.3% altered their routine and 62.6% showed sleep disorders. Families with lower socio-economic status were more worried about health, shortage of food and household income (p < 0.01). Parent and children concern about food/essential items were highly associated [OR (CI 95%) 13.0 (6.81, 26.5), p < 0.01]. Adverse children’s emotional state was associated with parental feeling of loneliness (r = 0.35) and inversely associated with keeping a routine (r = −0.11). Sleep changes were inversely associated with keeping a routine and having a balcony/garden (r = −0.53 and −0.16). We conclude that lockdown affected emotional state and lifestyle of children and parents, which were strongly related. Routine and positive parental attitude supported children’s well-being. Economic issues were an important concern in families with lower socio-economic status. Our findings can help to promote child health during lockdown.

El trabajo de cuidado no remunerado en Salud en el contexto de América Latina: La centralidad durante la crisis de COVID-19; The unpaid care job in Health in the Latin America context: Its importance during the COVID-19 crisis Pautassi, Laura Cecilia El cuidado en salud asume características específicas, complejas y de alta demanda, que forman parte de un tratamiento médico, de un acto posquirúrgico o del acompañamiento en enfermedades crónicas, discapacidad o afecciones a la salud mental. Estos cuidados, principalmente a cargo de las mujeres, se encuentran invisibilizados y no han sido incorporados por las políticas y acciones estratégicas de salud. La evidencia empírica muestra que brindar cuidados en salud impacta directamente en la autonomía y calidad de vida de las cuidadoras, dado que afecta su salud física y psicológica. En el contexto de la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19, el artículo recorre las principales definiciones del trabajo no remunerado en salud (TnRS). Si bien dicho relevamiento en torno al TnRS es mas amplio (período 2000-2020), el artículo se concentra en el tratamiento de la pandemia en América Latina. La metodología utilizada es de tipo cualitativo, en base a un enfoque de género y de derechos, que permite identificar la estructura de poder asimétrica que requiere ser transformada mediante acciones transversales y en base a la interdependencia de derechos humanos. Las conclusiones presentan aprendizajes y propuestas de políticas públicas para el reconocimiento del TnRS y su necesaria distribución.

Optimal Segmentation of Electrical Distribution Networks Bonetti, Carlos Alberto; Bianchotti, J.D.; Vega, Jorge Ruben; Puccini, Gabriel Darío New ways of generating electricity make possible decentralization of energy sources. This scenario of distributed generation allows efficient management of smaller electricity networks, so called microgrids. Additional advantages include a large reliability and the capability to provide a high quality of service. A strategy to design these microgrids consists on taking advantage of existing distribution network by sectoring the system into a set of microgrids with optimal autonomy. This paper presents a one-step methodology for the optimal design of microgrids based on the virtual segmentation of a distribution system. The proposed method focuses on the optimal allocation and sizing of the distributed generation together with the determination of the virtual cut-set lines to form an optimized set of microgrids. The design methodology was implemented on IEEE 119-bus system, and was also applied to Bella Italia distribution system, a real network located in Santa Fe province, Argentina.

Whey protein hydrolysis with microbial proteases: Determination of kinetic parameters and bioactive properties for different reaction conditions Eberhardt, Agustina; López, Emilse Camila; Marino, Fernanda; Mammarella, Enrique José; Manzo, Ricardo Martín; Sihufe, Guillermo Adrian Whey protein concentrate was enzymatically hydrolysed with the microbial proteases Alcalase® and Flavourzyme® under different experimental conditions. The effect of the reaction variables on the properties of the hydrolysates was evaluated. The pH had a significant effect both on the degree of hydrolysis and on the kinetic parameters. The initial substrate concentration and the enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio had an influence both on the degree of hydrolysis and on the hydrophobicity index, but not on the bioactive properties of the hydrolysates. The products of hydrolysis obtained with Alcalase® presented the highest degree of hydrolysis, the lowest hydrophobicity index and the best bioactive properties.

Archivo y performance: reflexiones a partir de dos amerindios no descubiertos en buenos aires, de Coco Fusco y Guillermo Gómez-Peña; Archive and performance: reflections on two undiscovered amerindians in buenos aires, by Coco Fusco and Guillermo Gómez-Peña Silva Cantoni, Marcelo Ricardo En el siguiente artículo, proponemos un análisis de la exposición del Malba Dos amerindios no descubiertos en Buenos Aires de Guillermo Gómez-Peña y Coco Fusco1 . Esta exposición fue realizada de manera virtual en el año 2020 (y continúa hasta septiembre de este año) como parte del programa llamado La historia como rumor. El fin del programa es recuperar distintas performances icónicas de América y el Caribe a partir de registros (en fotos, videos o textos), testimonios y comentarios de los distintos participantes y asistentes de la obra artística. En ese marco, Gabriela Rangel (Malba), en colaboración con Sol Henaro (Museo Universitario de Arte Contemporáneo), realizó la curaduría de una exposición de registros y testimonios de la que fue una performance paradigmática, La pareja en la jaula, presentada en la Fundación Banco Patricios en agosto de 1994. Para el análisis que sigue, prestamos especial atención algunas estrategias discursivas desplegadas por los artistas y al procedimiento de montaje que propone la exhibición del Malba, en el cual se busca contraponer la obra de Fusco y Gómez-Peña a nuestra propia historia de colonialismo y zoológicos humanos. Si bien este artículo se inscribe en un proyecto mayor de doctorado, en esta instancia nos enfocamos especialmente en el análisis de algunos de los materiales presentados en la exposición, pero al mismo tiempo recurrimos a un archivo más amplio que reúne ensayos, entrevistas de los artistas y registros audiovisuales de la presentación en Buenos Aires en particular, y de la gira en general. Nuestra investigación apunta a responder qué lecturas de la obra se pueden desplegar en la actualidad en el contexto argentino y cómo interviene en un orden del archivo que responde, a nuestro entender, a regímenes coloniales de poder.; In the following paper, we propose a review and analysis of the Malba exhibition Two undiscovered Amerindians in Buenos Aires by Guillermo Gómez-Peña and Coco Fusco. This exhibition was held virtually in 2020 as part of the program called History as Rumor. The purpose of the program is to recover different iconic performances of Latin America and the Caribbean from records (in photos, videos, or texts), testimonies, and comments of the different participants and assistants of the artistic work. Within this framework, they recovered and mounted an exhibition of one paradigmatic performance, also known as “The couple in the cage”. This action sought to present itself as a critical response to the celebratory context of the so-called “discovery of America”. For the following analysis, we pay special attention to the mounting procedure proposed by the Malba exhibition, which seeks to contrast the work of Fusco and Gómez-Peña with our own history of colonialism and human zoos. Although this work is part of a larger Ph.D. project, in this instance we focus especially on the analysis of some of the materials presented in the exhibition, but at the same time, we draw on a broader archive that brings together essays, interviews with the artists and audiovisual records of the work. Our research aims to answer what readings of the work can be deployed today in the Argentine context and how it intervenes in the order of the archive linked to dominant imaginaries and narratives of the nation.