Evaluation of the cryoprotective effect of seminal plasma on llama (Lama glama) spermatozoa Fumuso, Fernanda Gabriela; Giuliano, Susana María; Chaves, Maria G.; Neild, Debora Margarita; Miragaya, Marcelo; Carretero, Maria Ignacia In South American camelids, sperm survival is low after thawing and poor results are obtained when artificial insemination is performed with cryopreserved semen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different percentages (10% and 50%) of seminal plasma added prior to the process of cryopreservation and also to evaluate the absence of seminal plasma on llama sperm survival after freezing and thawing. A total of 15 ejaculates from five adult llama males (n = 5; r = 3) were evaluated. A significant decrease in sperm motility, viability, membrane function and intact acrosomes was observed in thawed samples (0%, 10% and 50%) when compared to raw semen. Neither morphology nor chromatin condensation was altered in all thawed samples (p > 0.05), but a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA was observed after thawing all samples compared to raw semen. Higher percentages of total and progressive sperm motility were observed when 0% and 10% of seminal plasma were used compared to 50%. However, no statistical differences were established for sperm viability, membrane function, morphology, acrosome status and DNA quality between thawed treatments. To conclude, neither of the percentages of seminal plasma used showed superiority nor cryoprotective effect on llama sperm survival.

Understanding the Role of Protic Ionic Liquids (PILs) in Reactive Systems: Rational Selection of PILs for the Design of Green Synthesis Strategies for Allylic Amines and β‐Amino Esters Bravo, Maria Virginia; Fernandez, Jose Luis; Adam, Claudia Guadalupe; Della Rosa, Claudia Daniela The reactive behaviour of protic ionic liquids (PILs) has been shown to be governed not only by their chemical structures but also by their global compositions, which include the presence of free acids and bases at equilibrium with ionic pairs. Six PILs composed of primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl ammonium cations with two couterions, nitrate or acetate, were tested in model reactions with unsaturated substrates. The free species that were naturally present in these liquids were identified by cyclic voltammetry. Only tributylammonium nitrate was found to be mostly composed just of the ionic pair; the other five PILs also contain variable amounts of free acid and amine. In reactive systems, these free species determine the products of the reaction. In particular, allylic amines and β-amino esters were obtained in good yields (91 and 75 %, respectively) by reaction of conjugated dienes and acrylates in the presence of PILs. By taking into account the actual composition of each PIL, it was possible to direct the reaction path towards a specific product with good yields, to ensure acid catalysis, to avoid polymerization of the substrate, and to promote phase transfer of products. These results establish some useful guidelines for the rational design of new PIL-based one-step synthetic strategies.

A stem anseriform from the early Palaeocene of Antarctica provides new key evidence in the early evolution of waterfowl Tambussi, Claudia Patricia; Degrange, Federico Javier; de Mendoza, Ricardo Santiago; Sferco, Marta Emilia; Santillana, Sergio Nestor A new Anseriformes, Conflicto antarcticus gen. et sp. nov., represented by associated bones of a single individual, from the early Palaeocene of Antarctica is described. The new taxon is unlike any other known member of the order. Conflicto antarcticus is a medium-sized (2 kg) stem anseriform. The forelimb and pectoral girdle bones suggest that it was a flying bird, and the bones of the hindlimb show that it had elongated legs. The os quadratum represents a unique combination of features; some are similar to the features of the ancestral quadrate for galloanserines and some are similar to Anseriformes, but features such as the presence of three foramina are exclusive among Neornithes. The incisura or foramen nervi suracoracoidei is absent in C. antarcticus, as in most anatids and all Galliformes. Phylogenetic analysis shows that C. antarcticus + Anatalavis oxfordi is the most basal stem Anseriformes clade. This implies that the duck-type beak must have developed at an early stage of anseriform evolution. Conflicto antarcticus represents one (and possibly the most) substantial record of a non-marine Palaeocene bird from the Southern Hemisphere and supports the hypothesis that Neognathae had already diversified in the earliest Palaeocene.

Discriminative power of acoustic features for jaw movement classification in cattle and sheep Galli, Julio Ricardo; Milone, Diego Humberto; Cangiano, Carlos Alberto; Martínez, César Ernesto; Lacambra, Emilio; Chelotti, Jose Omar; Rufiner, Hugo Leonardo Measuring foraging behaviour and pasture intake of ruminants is useful but difficult. Acoustic monitoring is one of the most promising methods for this task. In this work, we test its potential to classify jaw movements (JM) according to type (bite, chew, chew-bite), activity (grazing or rumination), and forage species being consumed. Experiments with cows and sheep grazing and ruminating several forages were conducted. First, each JM was manually identified, classified and described by two sets of sound features: i) one containing energy bands of the spectrum (EB), and ii) one containing four complementary (or global) variables (Cv). Two models were evaluated, one with EB alone and the other one combining EB and Cv. Jaw movements were correctly classified by type with 73.0% and 78.5% average accuracy. Accuracy wasbetter for cows than sheep (85 vs 66%). Simultaneous identification of the type of JM and plant species was about 78%. Classification accuracy of activity based on chews averaged 68.5% and 77.0% for rumination and grazing. Models including global variables performed better than using only the spectrum. Acoustic monitoring is a very promising method for further development, particularly to study diet selection.

Leishmaniasis in the Argentine Republic: Temporal and geographical distribution from 2013 to 2017 Germano, Maria Jose; Salomón, María Cristina; Neira, Gisela Natalia; Lozano, Esteban Sebastián; Mackern Oberti, Juan Pablo; Cargnelutti, Diego Esteban Objective: To assess the temporal and geographical distribution of confirmed cases of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the Argentine Republic from 2013 to 2017. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out using data collected from the Integrated Surveillance Bulletin database of the National System of Health Surveillance. Confirmed cases of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis up to the 52nd epidemiological week of each year was included. Results: In the 5 years period, 1 295 confirmed leishmaniasis cases were reported in the Argentine Republic. One thousand twenty-eight (1 028) cases corresponded to cutaneous leishmaniasis (87.10%), being the most common type of leishmaniasis. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis was in the second place in the country with 115 cases reported, mostly in the Northwest and Northeast regions. A total of 52 individuals with visceral leishmaniasis were identified and Misiones Province was the most affected. Conclusions: It is important to analyze the temporal and geographical distribution of leishmaniasis in order to provide an adequate management and surveillance.

Color Source for the First Argentinian Flags Picone, Andrea Lorena; Romano, Rosana Mariel; Della Védova, Carlos Omar In this work, a historical controversy of more than 200 years is settled by the study of the oldest preserved Argentinian flag. The results of the present work reinforce the hypothesis of a number of historians who consider it to be the first flag that was originally hoisted on February 27, 1812, on the banks of the Paraná River. The work consists of a study of the original textile. Through chemical analysis and implementation of different types of analyses, techniques, and spectroscopies such as UV−vis, UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy−energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and resonance Raman, the original characteristics of the flag of Macha were determined. The flag was colored with indigotin from Europe (from Isatis tinctoria) and made of silk; it is white, blue, and white in a horizontal arrangement. It was not treated with tin, and its blue color was subsequently adopted by the Central American Confederation and later by various states of Central America. According to related contemporaneous stories, its preservation was due to the watchfulness of the patriots.

Prognostic significance of α‐ and β2‐adrenoceptor gene expression in breast cancer patients Rivero, Ezequiel Mariano; Martinez, Leandro Marcelo; Bruque, Carlos David; Gargiulo, Lucía; Bruzzone, Ariana; Luthy, Isabel Alicia Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. It was classified within molecular intrinsic subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐enriched and basal‐like. Epinephrine and norepinephrine, released during stress, bind to adrenoceptors. α2‐adrenoceptors are encoded by the ADRA2A , ADRA2B and ADRA2C genes and β2 by ADRB2 .

Analysis of the Influence of Substrate Formulations on the Bioactive Chemical Profile of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) by Conventional and Chemometrics Methods Bidegain, Maximiliano Andrés; Postemsky, Pablo Daniel; Pieroni, Olga Inés; Cubitto, María Amelia Ganoderma lucidum, a mushroom with medicinal properties, can grow on diverse lignocellulosic substrates. Substrate enrichment with additives has been used as a strategy to increase mushroom productivity. In this study, we evaluated the impact of substrate formulation on the bioactive chemical profile of the basidiome. The bioactive chemical profile of basidiomes cultivated on rice agro-residues (RA) or sunflower seed hulls (SSH) enriched with olive oil and/or copper was evaluated using conventional colorimetric methods and FT-MIR spectrometry coupled with chemometrics. The contents of total triterpenoids, ganoderic acids, high-molecular-weight carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds were sensitive to substrate formulation and harvest time. Moreover, cluster analysis and principal component analysis of the mid-IR spectra were able to discriminate between basidiomes cultivated on either RA or SSH substrates, and for SSH substrates between enriched and nonenriched formulas. These results indicate that the bioactive composition of G. lucidum can be influenced by the formulation of the cultivation substrate.

Audiomagnetotelluric survey at the Bañitos-Gollete geothermal area, main andes cordillera of San Juan, Argentina Barcelona, Hernan; Peri, Verónica Gisel; Winocur, Diego Alejandro; Favetto, Alicia Beatriz The present research explores the Bañitos-Gollete geothermal field located in the Frontal Andes Cordillera over the Pampean flat-slab. We carried out an audiomagnetotelluric survey in order to define the underground geoelectrical structure and to understand the link between the geothermal fluid flow path and the main geological structures. 2-D audiomagnetotelluric models suggest that the deep-rooted N-S fault system controls the geothermal flow path. We propose a conductive heat-driven system, taking into consideration the geologic setting and the supposed low geothermal gradient of this tectonic environment. The mature Na-Cl waters from Gollete and an estimated reservoir temperature of ~140°C are consistent with this conceptual model. Further investigations are required to assess the geothermal potential of the study area, and the present work likely represents only the first but necessary step in the exploration process.

Dietary Fatty Acids and Other Nutrients in Relation to Inflammation and Particularly to Oral Mucosa Inflammation: A Literature Review Costantino, Evangelina; Actis, Adriana Beatriz Oral mucosa is site of inflammatory process development. When they are chronic, they provide a microenvironment based on cytokines and inflammatory mediators that contribute to cancer initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Certain dietary fatty acids (FAs) have immunomodulatory, inflammatory, and antiinflammatory effects. This review examined the literature on inflammation, mainly referred to the oral mucosa, and its association with dietary FAs and other nutrients. A Pubmed search of studies published in English until June 2018 was carried out. N-3 FAs have shown immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activity in certain human diseases. These FAs and their mediators may inhibit inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer via multiple mechanisms. Studies on cellular models of murine and human intestinal mucosa indicate association between dietary n-3 FA intake and the inflammatory state of mucosa membranes. Nevertheless scarce information on the association between dietary FAs and oral inflammation could be found. Based on the evidence, we hypothesize that n-3 FAs reduce the oral mucosa inflammation thus decreasing the risk of developing precancerous lesions and cancer. Molecular and clinical studies referred to this topic should be carried out as a contribution to the oral cancer prevention.

O lugar da adivinhação nas reflexões de Cícero sobre a religião romana: 'divinatio' entre 'religio' e 'superstitio'; El lugar de la adivinación en las reflexiones de Cicerón sobre la religión romana: ‘divinatio’ entre ‘religio’ y ‘superstitio’ Cairo, María Emilia Como já se observou, nos textos de Cícero se registra pela primeira vez o emprego da palavra divinatio como termo que se refere ao conjunto de rituais adivinhatórios. Neste trabalho indagaremos qual é o emprego do mesmo e que valoração recebe em De natura deorum, em De fato, e em De divinatione. Desse modo, analisaremos em particular que lugar ocupa na oposição entre religio (entendida como o conjunto de práticas adequadas para levar adiante o cultus deorum) e superstitio (sua contraparte negativa, caracterizada por uma crença desmedida e irracional).; Como ya ha sido observado, en los textos de Cicerón se registra por primera vez el empleo de la palabra divinatio como término que se refiere al conjunto de rituales adivinatorios. En este trabajo indagaremos cuál es el empleo del término y qué valoración se le otorga en De natura deorum, en De fato y en De divinatione. En particular, analizaremos qué lugar ocupa en la oposición entre religio (entendida como el conjunto de prácticas adecuadas para llevar adelante el cultus deorum) y superstitio (su contraparte negativa, caracterizada por una creencia desmedida e irracional).

Distribución de la diatomea invasora Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyceae) en cuerpos de agua patagónicos de Argentina; Distribution of the invasive diatom Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyceae) in patagonian water bodies of Argentina Lamaro, Anabel Alejandra; Pisonero, Juliana; Uyua, Noelia Mariel; Sastre, Alicia Viviana; Santinelli, Norma Herminia; Muñìz Saavedra, Julieta; Sala, Silvia Estela Background and aims: Didymosphenia geminata is a freshwater diatom that forms dense soggy carpet-like layers lining the bottom of aquatic environments. In Argentina the Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación declared it exotic invader species. In the last 9 years it has colonized rivers from Patagonia and its distribution in the region has considerably widen. The aim of this paper is to analyze current distribution of this species invasion in Argentinean Patagonia through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). M & M: The analyzed data were obtained by our team in Neuquén and Chubut provinces and also from technical reports published by universities or governmental institutions in websites. A database at regional scale from Neuquén to Tierra del Fuego was built considering presence-absence data, geographic position and dates and in some cases environmental data (pH, conductivity, etc.) Results: The results were incorporated to a GIS using Q-Gis 2.14 an open source and free software that allowed us to generate distribution maps at national and provincial level. Conclusions: The available data show that D. geminata has widen its distribution since 2010 to present from Chubut province to the north reaching Neuquén province and to the south up to Tierra del Fuego province.; Didymosphenia geminata, es una diatomea que fue declarada “Especie Exótica Invasora” en Argentina por la Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación. Esta especie coloniza rocas y puede formar grandes matas mucilaginosas que cubren el lecho de los ríos, ocasionando un considerable impacto estético y provocando serias alteraciones en los ecosistemas. En los últimos 9 años la especie ha colonizado ríos andino-patagónicos y ha aumentado considerablemente su distribución en la región. El objetivo general de este trabajo es analizar la distribución actual de esta especie en la Patagonia argentina mediante el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). M&M: Los datos provienen de resultados obtenidos por el grupo de trabajo en las provincias del Neuquén y del Chubut e información abierta y libre disponible en la web. Se generó una base de datos a escala regional abarcando desde Neuquén a Tierra del Fuego. Resultados: Los resultados fueron incorporados a un SIG utilizando un software libre y abierto Q-GIS 2.14 lo que permitió la generación de mapas de distribución a nivel provincial y nacional. Conclusiones: Los datos disponibles hasta marzo de 2018 muestran que D. geminata ha expandido su distribución entre 2010 y 2018 desde la provincia del Chubut hacia el norte alcanzando la provincia de Neuquén y hacia el sur llegando a Tierra del Fuego.

Representaciones e ideologías de ONG confesionales en el Chaco argentino; Faith-Based NGOs Ideologies and Representations in The Argentine Chaco Castelnuovo Biraben, Natalia Sabrina El trabajo explora las ideologías y las racionalidades que ONG confesionales delinearon en su relación con las poblaciones locales en la región del Chaco salteño. Analiza fuentes documentales y memorias actuales para reconstruir la primera iniciativa de desarrollo de los setenta y pensar cómo esta modeló y sirvió para legitimar posteriores posiciones y actuaciones por parte de las ONG. Se analizan las implicancias que ciertas ideas, representaciones e ideologías volcadas en documentos en los ochenta tuvieron en las racionalidades, lógicas y estrategias desplegadas a partir de entonces por las ONG en consonancia con ciertas agendas trasnacionales. Expongo el papel de las teorías antropológicas en la construcción de formas de representación, así como en las ideologías sobre los indígenas chaquenses y las consecuencias de esto en las formas que asumió la intervención realizada en nombre del “desarrollo”. Propongo echar luz sobre cómo, en su andar, las ONG locales tejieron y tejen áreas de dominio y sujetos de gobierno.; The work explores the ideologies and rationalities that denominational NGOs marked out in their relation with local populations in the Chaco Salteño region. I analyse documentary sources and present memories and later reconstruct the first development initiative in the 1970s to reflect upon how this particular project shaped subsequent positions and interventions on the part of NGOs. The text analyzes the implications of certain ideas, representations and ideologies expressed in documents by development agencies, developed in the late eighties, in the rationalities, logics and strategies deployed thereafter, by local NGOs in line with certain transnational agendas. I expose the rol that certain antropological theories have had and still have in the representational and ideological forms that got consolidated about indigenous from the Chaco area and the consequences this had in the ways intervention done in name of ‘development’. My pretension is to shed light on how in their walk local NGOs weave and knit areas of control and subjects of government.

Los moluscos fluviales en la subsistencia de los grupos cazadores-recolectores del humedal del Paraná inferior; The fluvial mollusks in the subsistence of the huntergatherers of the lower Paraná wetland Loponte, Daniel Marcelo; Parisi, Florencia Silvia; Liotta, Jorge; Wagner, Mario; Acosta, Alejandro Alberto En este trabajo se discute el rol de los moluscos fluviales en la subsistencia de los grupos cazadores-recolectores del tramo final de la cuenca del río Paraná, especialmente de Diplodon (Rhipidodonta) variabilis. Se analiza su disponibilidad ambiental, la distribución de tallas en un banco actual y las relaciones alométricas entre los pesos del tejido blando y del exoesqueleto. Paralelamente, se describe la posición de este bivalvo dentro del ranking de las presas locales, y su incorporación en el proceso regional de diversificación e intensificación de la subsistencia durante el Holoceno tardío. Luego, con los resultados obtenidos, se analizan los conjuntos arqueomalacológicos recuperados en los sitios Punta Canal (900 ± 80 años 14C AP), La Bellaca sitio 1 (1110 ± 70 años 14C AP) y Cerro Lutz (730 ± 70 / 953 ± 47 años 14C AP), donde se discuten las actividades de recolección, la selectividad dimensional y el aporte neto de alimento. Finalmente, se analizan las señales isotópicas transferidas a los humanos relacionados con la ingesta de esta especie.; This paper discusses the role of fluvial mollusks in the subsistence of the hunter-gatherer groups of the Lower Parana basin, especially the bivalve Diplodon (Rhipidodonta) variabilis. Their environmental availability, the distribution of sizes in a colony and the allometric relationships between the weights of the soft tissue and the exoskeleton are analyzed. In parallel, the position of this bivalve in the ranking of local prey and their incorporation into the regional process of diversification and intensification of subsistence are analyzed. Based on the results obtained, the archeomalacological assemblages recovered at Punta Canal sites (900 ± 80 years 14C BP), La Bellaca site 1 (1110 ± 70 years 14C BP) and Cerro Lutz (730 ± 70/953 ± 47 14C BP years) are discussed. Finally, the isotopic signals transferred to humans related to the intake of this species are analyzed.

Host influence on the nutritional and reproductive status of Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) peridomiciliary populations Soria, Carola; Cardozo, Miriam; Canavoso, Lilian Etelvina; Crocco, Liliana Beatriz; Nattero, Julieta; Ortiz, Valeria; Leyria, Jimena; Rodriguez, Claudia Susana Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in the southern cone of South America. This species is well adapted to living in rural houses and structures used for housing domestic animals (peridomestic habitats). In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the source of blood consumed by adults of T. infestans collected from different peridomestic habitats from two localities from Cruz del Eje department (Córdoba, Argentina) and their nutritional and reproductive status. In each individual, the ratio between body weight and total body length was used as an indicator of nutritional status (NS). The presence of sperm in spermathecae and the number of chorionated oocytes in ovaries and oviducts were considered indicators of reproductive status (RS) of females. The feeding source in the promesenteron of male and female insects was identified using anti-chicken, anti-goat, antihuman and anti-dog antisera. Chicken coops were the main peridomestic structure present in the study area as well as the peridomestic sites with the highest percentage of T. infestans. Insects collected from the different peridomestic structures showed a NS between 8 and 15 mg/mm. Of the evaluated females, 35.7% presented chorionated oocytes. Food profile analyses revealed that chicken was the main blood source. Independently of the blood source, the triatomines presented a NS between 8 and 15 mg/mm. No specimens feeding exclusively on human blood were found; nevertheless, of 31.48% of insects feeding on mixed blood sources, 59% included human blood. All T. infestans specimens that included human blood in the mixed blood source were collected from chicken coops and storerooms located in a 12-m area around domiciles. Human blood present in mixed blood meal of adult insects suggests that T. infestans moves from domiciles to peridomicilies and vice versa.; Triatoma infestans es el principal vector de la enfermedad de Chagas en el Cono Sur de Sudamérica. Esta especie está bien adaptada a vivir en el domicilio y estructuras utilizadas para albergar animales domésticos (hábitats peridomésticos). En este trabajo evaluamos la relación entre la fuente de sangre consumida por los adultos de T. infestans recolectados de diferentes hábitats peridomésticos de dos localidades del departamento de Cruz del Eje (Córdoba, Argentina) y su estado nutricional y reproductivo. En cada individuo, la relación entre el peso y la longitud corporal total se utilizó como un indicador del estado nutricional (EN). La presencia de espermatozoides en espermatecas y el número de ovocitos corionados en ovarios y oviductos se consideraron indicadores del estado reproductivo (ER) de las hembras. La fuente de alimentación en el promesenterón de insectos machos y hembras se identificó utilizando antisueros anti-gallina, anti-cabra, anti-humano y anti-perro. Los gallineros fueron las principales estructuras peridomésticas presentes en el área de estudio, así como los sitios con el mayor porcentaje de T. infestans. Los insectos recolectados en las diferentes estructuras peridomésticas mostraron un EN entre 8 y 15 mg / mm. De las hembras evaluadas, el 35,7% presentó ovocitos corionados. Los análisis del perfil alimentario revelaron que las gallinas fueron la principal fuente de sangre. Independiente de la fuente de sangre los triatominos presentaron EN entre 8 y 15 mg / mm. No se encontraron ejemplares alimentados exclusivamente con sangre humana; sin embargo, del 31,48% de los insectos que se alimentaron de fuentes de sangre mixtas, el 59% incluía sangre humana. Todas las muestras de T. infestans que incluían sangre humana en la fuente de sangre se recolectaron en gallineros y depósitos ubicados en un área de 12 m alrededor de los domicilios. La sangre humana presente en las fuentes de alimentación mixta sugiere que T. infestans se mueve de los domicilios a los peridomicilios y viceversa.

El termalismo: un recurso potencial de Bahía Blanca; The termalism: a potential resource gives Bahia Blanca Gambarota, Daniela Melisa; Lorda, María Amalia Las formas de producir, consumir, informar, gestionar y pensar se han modificado y estos cambios han influido en el turismo, el cual debe adaptarse a nuevas demandas. Bahía Blanca constituye un centro urbano intermedio, donde se desarrolla el turismo de Congresos y Convenciones y posee atractivos que son promocionados desde la comuna. Además tiene recursos potenciales que podrían ser incorporados a la oferta turística. Tal es el caso del recurso natural termal que, valorizado como atractivo turístico, podría dar lugar a que la ciudad se posicione como turística. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en analizar el recurso potencial termal de Bahía Blanca. Metodológicamente se realizaron encuestas a pobladores y entrevistas a funcionarios, para conocer la mirada turística y la concepción sobre el recurso termal respectivamente. Se espera que existan condiciones favorables para desarrollar la actividad turística termal en la localidad.; The ways of producing, of consuming, of reporting, of managing and thinking have been modified and these changes have influenced the tourism, which must adapt to new demands. Bahía Blanca constitutes an urban intermediate center, where there develops tourism of Congresses and Conventions and possesses attractions that are promoted from the commune. In addition it has potential resources, which might be incorporated into the tourist offer. Such it is the case of the natural termal resource that, valued as tourist attraction, might give place to which the city is positioned like tourist. The aim of the present work consists of analyzing the potential termal resource of Bahía Blanca. Methodologically they were realized you poll settlers and interview civil servants, to know the tourist look and the conception on the termal resourcer espectively. It hopes that favorable conditions exit to develop the tourist termal activity in the locality.

Autonomía progresiva y derecho a la salud de adolescentes: Un cruce en disputa Herrera, Marisa Trata sobre el cruce entre derechos de infancia y adolescencia y legislación civil, gira en torno al ejercicio del derecho a la salud por parte de las personas menores de edad, en particular, de lxs adolescentes.

Air-sea disequilibrium enhances ocean carbon storage during glacial periods Khatiwala, S.; Schmittner, A.; Muglia, Juan The prevailing hypothesis for lower atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations during glacial periods is an increased efficiency of the ocean’s biological pump. However, tests of this and other hypotheses have been hampered by the difficulty to accurately quantify ocean carbon components. Here, we use an observationally constrained earth system model to precisely quantify these components and the role that different processes play in simulated glacial-interglacial CO2 variations. We find that air-sea disequilibrium greatly amplifies the effects of cooler temperatures and iron fertilization on glacial ocean carbon storage even as the efficiency of the soft-tissue biological pump decreases. These two processes, which have previously been regarded as minor, explain most of our simulated glacial CO2 drawdown, while ocean circulation and sea ice extent, hitherto considered dominant, emerge as relatively small contributors.

Pueblos y poblaciones en las fronteras americanas: Un acercamiento comparativo a partir de los casos de Chihuahua (México) y Buenos Aires (Argentina); Villages and settlements in the American frontiers: A comparative approach based on the cases of Chihuahua and Buenos Aires Barcos, Maria Fernanda El trabajo analiza la formación de pueblos durante el siglo xviii como parte de un proyecto colonizador común para las fronteras norte y sur americanas. México (Chihuahua) y Argentina (Buenos Aires) compartían algunos aspectos comunes que los hacen comparables: estaban desguarnecidos y sometidos a los embates indígenas y desprovistos de población estable y “laboriosa”. Así, en el último cuarto del siglo xviii la Corona española reorganizó los territorios de ultramar y los dotó de una defensa más efectiva a partir de un reordenamiento general. Se parte de la hipótesis que procesos aparentemente lejanos tuvieron más elementos comunes entre sí que con los centros coloniales con los que fueron tradicionalmente asociados.; The work analyzes the formation of villages during the 18th century as part of a common colonizing project for the North and South American borders. Mexico (Chihuahua) and Argentina (Buenos Aires) shared some common aspects that make them comparable: they were deprived and subjected to indigenous attacks, and devoid of stable population and “laborious”. Thus, in the last quarter of the 18th century the Spanish Crown project reorganize overseas territories and provide these areas with a more effective defense from a general rearrangement. The analysis is based on the hypothesis that apparently distant processes had more common elements among themselves than with the colonial centers with which they were traditionally associated.

Putative novel cps loci in a large global collection of pneumococci van Tonder, Andries; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; Lo, Stephanie W.; Nahm, Moon H.; du Plessis, Mignon; Cornick, Jennifer; Kwambana Adams, Brenda; Madhi, Shabir A.; Hawkins, Paulina A.; Benisty, Rachel; Dagan, Ron; Everett, Dean; Antonio, Martin; Klugman, Keith P.; von Gottberg, Anne; Breiman, Robert F.; McGee, Lesley; Bentley, Stephen D.; Faccone, Diego Francisco The pneumococcus produces a polysaccharide capsule, encoded by the cps locus, that provides protection against phagocytosis and determines serotype. Nearly 100 serotypes have been identified with new serotypes still being discovered, especially in previously understudied regions. Here we present an analysis of the cps loci of more than 18 000 genomes from the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing (GPS) project with the aim of identifying novel cps loci with the potential to produce previously unrecognized capsule structures. Serotypes were assigned using whole genome sequence data and 66 of the approximately 100 known serotypes were included in the final dataset. Closer examination of each serotype’s sequences identified nine putative novel cps loci (9X, 11X, 16X, 18X1, 18X2, 18X3, 29X, 33X and 36X) found in ~2.6 % of the genomes. The large number and global distribution of GPS genomes provided an unprecedented opportunity to identify novel cps loci and consider their phylogenetic and geographical distribution. Nine putative novel cps loci were identified and examples of each will undergo subsequent structural and immunological analysis.