Functional Ca2+ Channels between Channel Clusters are Necessary for the Propagation of IP3R-Mediated Ca2+ Waves Piegari, Estefanía; Ponce Dawson, Silvina Martha The specificity and universality of intracellular Ca2+ signals rely on the variety of spatio-temporal patterns that the Ca2+ concentration can display. Ca2+ release into the cytosol through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP 3 Rs) is key for this variety. The opening probability of IP3Rs depends on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. All of the dynamics are then well described by an excitable system in which the signal propagation depends on the ability of the Ca2+ released through one IP3R to induce the opening of other IP3Rs. In most cell types, IP3Rs are organized in clusters, i.e., the cytosol is a "patchy" excitable system in which the signals can remain localized (i.e., involving the release through one or more IP3Rs in a cluster), or become global depending on the efficiency of the Ca2+ -mediated coupling between clusters. The spatial range over which the signals propagate determines the responses that the cell eventually produces. This points to the importance of understanding the mechanisms that make the propagation possible. Our previous qualitative comparison between experiments and numerical simulations seemed to indicate that Ca2+ release not only occurs within the close vicinity of the clearly identifiable release sites (IP3R clusters) but that there are also functional IP3Rs in between them. In this paper, we present a quantitative comparison between experiments and models that corroborate this preliminary conclusion. This result has implications on how the Ca2+-mediated coupling between clusters works and how it can eventually be disrupted by the different Ca2+ trapping mechanisms.

Paleobiology of Argyrolagus (Marsupialia, Argyrolagidae): an astonishing case of bipedalism among South American mammals Abello, María Alejandra; Candela, Adriana Magdalena Argyrolagus constitutes, both for its craniodental and postcranial anatomy, one of the most notably specialized South American Neogene metatherians. Differentiating it from any other South American mammal, bipedal jumping has been proposed for Argyrolagus, even though this hypothesis was not supported by morphofunctional studies. Here, we describe the postcranium of A. scaglai (from the Pliocene of Argentina), perform a functional analysis, and interpret it against a varied background of locomotor adaptations of extant mammals. The configuration of joints, the degree of development and location of muscular insertions were mainly analyzed, and functional indices were evaluated. This study indicates that Argyrolagus had stabilized glenohumeral and humeroulnar joints, a great development of the arm retractors, flexors-extensors of the digits, pronator, and supinator muscles, low restrictive humeroradial joint, powerful extensor muscles of the hip, knee, and ankle, good development of the iliac muscle, and restrictive hind limb joints. Joint configurations are interpreted to be optimal to resist the impacts during jumping, avoiding dislocation, compatible with digging activity. A compromise between the capacities to dig and manipulate objects is inferred. It is concluded that Argyrolagus had bipedal jumping locomotion as well as good capacity to dig, constituting an astonishing case of convergence with the small bipedal rodents and small Australian macropodids. We suggest that bipedal jumping in Miocene and Pliocene argyrolagids should not be necessarily related to a particular arid environment. Finally, we evaluate the importance of postcranial features to understand the phylogenetic relationships of Argyrolagidae in a comprehensive phylogeny of Metatheria.

NJL-type models in the presence of intense magnetic fields: The role of the regularization prescription Avancini, Sidney S.; Farias, Ricardo L. S.; Scoccola, Norberto Nerio; Tavares, William R. We study the regularization dependence of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model (NJL) predictions for some properties of magnetized quark matter at zero temperature (and baryonic density) in the mean field approximation. The model parameter dependence for each regularization procedure is also analyzed in detail. We calculate the average and difference of the quark condensates using different regularization methods and compare with recent lattice results. In this context, the reliability of the different regularization procedures is discussed.

GUNDAM : A toolkit for fast spatial correlation functions in galaxy surveys Donoso, Emilio We describe the capabilities of a new software package to calculate two-point correlation functions (2PCFs) of large galaxy samples. The code can efficiently estimate 3D/projected/angular 2PCFs with a variety of statistical estimators and bootstrap errors, and is intended to provide a complete framework (including calculation, storage, manipulation, and plotting) to perform this type of spatial analysis with large redshift surveys. GUNDAM implements a very fast skip list/linked list algorithm that efficiently counts galaxy pairs and avoids the computation of unnecessary distances. It is several orders of magnitude faster than a naive pair counter, and matches or even surpass other advanced algorithms. The implementation is also embarrassingly parallel, making full use of multicore processors or large computational clusters when available. The software is designed to be flexible, user friendly and easily extensible, integrating optimized, well-tested packages already available in the astronomy community. Out of the box, it already provides advanced features such as custom weighting schemes, fibre collision corrections and 2D correlations. GUNDAM will ultimately provide an efficient toolkit to analyse the large-scale structure 'buried' in upcoming extremely large data sets generated by future surveys.

Species identity, richness and developmental stage of morphology affect enzymatic activiy of the soil microorganisms in arid Patagonia, Argentina Cardillo, Daniela Solange; Busso, Carlos Alberto; Ambrosino, Mariela Lis; Torres, Yanina Alejandra; Ithurrart, Leticia Soledad; Palomo, Iris Rosana Microbial communities are a key for terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, their responses to changes in plant species identity and richness, and stages of developmental morphology have been rarely investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the identity, richness and stage of developmental morphology of plant species on soil microbial communities throughout the enzymatic activity of the dehydrogenase. Studies were conducted under wild, field conditions, and on field experimental plots having different species richness. Treatments included a control (intraspecific monocultures) or combinations of 2, 4, or 6 species pertaining to different functional groups (i.e., perennial either grasses or herbaceous dicots or shrubs). The grass Nassella tenuis and the shrub Larrea divaricata showed a lower (p<0.05) activity of the dehydrogenase than most of the other studied species under wild, field conditions. The enzymatic activity of the dehydrogenase was either similar or greater (p<0.05; e.g., Amelichloa ambigua, L. divaricata), but not lower, as species richness increased in the reproductive stage of developmental morphology. Finally, the dehydrogenase activity was in general greater (p<0.05) at the reproductive (late spring) than vegetative (late fall) stage of developmental morphology in all studied species. These results indicate that species identity, richness and stage of developmental morphology might be important determinants of the degree of microbial activity in the soil.

High mutual cooperation rates in rats learning reciprocal altruism: The role of payoff matrix Delmas, Guillermo Ezequiel; Lew, Sergio Eduardo; Zanutto, Bonifacio Silvano Cooperation is one of the most studied paradigms for the understanding of social interactions. Reciprocal altruism -a special type of cooperation that is taught by means of the iterated prisoner dilemma game (iPD)- has been shown to emerge in different species with different success rates. When playing iPD against a reciprocal opponent, the larger theoretical long-term reward is delivered when both players cooperate mutually. In this work, we trained rats in iPD against an opponent playing a Tit for Tat strategy, using a payoff matrix with positive and negative reinforcements, that is food and timeout respectively. We showed for the first time, that experimental rats were able to learn reciprocal altruism with a high average cooperation rate, where the most probable state was mutual cooperation (85%). Although when subjects defected, the most probable behavior was to go back to mutual cooperation. When we modified the matrix by increasing temptation rewards (T) or by increasing cooperation rewards (R), the cooperation rate decreased. In conclusion, we observe that an iPD matrix with large positive reward improves less cooperation than one with small rewards, shown that satisfying the relationship among iPD reinforcement was not enough to achieve high mutual cooperation behavior. Therefore, using positive and negative reinforcements and an appropriate contrast between rewards, rats have cognitive capacity to learn reciprocal altruism. This finding allows to infer that the learning of reciprocal altruism has early appeared in evolution.

La optimización computacional de un vástago de prótesis de cadera como PDTS Campana, Diego Martin; Di Paolo, José; Michou, Pablo L.; Berli, Marcelo Eduardo; Ubal, Sebastian; Gentiletti, Gerardo Gabriel; Majorel Padilla, Nicolás; Menoret, José El proyecto FITR 009/2013 de FONARSEC-ANPCyT “Desarrollo y Prototipado de Bioimplantes Forjados” fue reconocido como proyecto PDTS por el MINCyT y se ejecuta entre la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos y la empresa Implantes FICO Alemana S.A., para el diseño de un vástago de prótesis de cadera con características innovadoras a ser producido íntegramente en el país mediante forjado. El proceso de análisis y diseño se basó en la utilización del método de elementos finitos para determinar las tensiones y deformaciones de nuevos diseños incluyendo el contacto con el cemento óseo y cargas fisiológicas del orden de 2 [kN], siguiendo los lineamientos de la norma ASTM F2996-1 y la utilización del software comercial con licencia denominado COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a. Los modelos se parametrizaron utilizando un CAD libre, se alteraron las dimensiones de regiones específicas y se reevaluaron en cada situación para la obtención de un prototipo final óptimo.; The PDTS project named “Development and Prototyping of Forged Bioimplants” is related to the FITR 009/2013 FONARSEC-ANPCyT grant and is executing between the Engineering School of the National University of Entre Ríos and FICO Alemana Implants SA. The aim of the project is the design of hip stem prosthesis with innovative features to be produced entirely in the country by forging process. The analysis and design process was based on the use of the finite element method to determine the stresses and displacements of the stem including contact forces with bone cement. Physiological loads of the order of 2 [kN] were imposed following the guidelines of the ASTM standard F2996-1. The commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a was used to solve the model. The models were parameterized using free CAD software and dimensions of specific regions were varied and calculated in each new situation until an optimal final prototype was obtained.

Evaluación de la Inserción Académica y Profesional de Graduados de Posgrado Elizalde, Martina; Cono Blotta, Ana Laura; Aranda, Pilar; la Licata, Ana Clara; Peralta, Nadia Soledad El presente artículo describe los resultados de una investigación sobre la valoración e inserción académica y/o profesional de graduados de carreras de posgrado del Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI) de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Argentina. El diseño general de la investigación es descriptivo transversal (Montero y León, 2002), centrado en el análisis descriptivo de la información sobre egresados suministrada por cada carrera y la aplicación de un cuestionario a la mayor cantidad de graduados de las carreras con graduados al momento de inicio de la investigación, con una muestra constituida por 40 egresados de 7 carreras de posgrado del CEI, tomando como período de estudio desde el inicio de cada carrera hasta 2017. En términos generales, los resultados indican que los graduados tienen una valoración positiva de la formación recibida, destacando el nivel académico de los docentes, la metodología de enseñanza y evaluación, los contenidos y sus efectos en la formación.

Neutral epigenetic inheritance: Being prepared for future generations Capella, Matias; Braun, Sigurd Epigenetic memory of silent chromatin often requires robust feedback loops between factors processing small non-coding RNAs and enzymes involved in heterochromatin assembly. A study published in Molecular Cell now demonstrates that these feedback loops can persist in a phenotypically neutral state even when gene expression is reactivated, and that they maintain the potential to reinstall heterochromatin in later generations when conditions change.

Through the eyes of a pathogen: light perception and signal transduction in: Acinetobacter baumannii Pezza, Alejandro; Tuttobene, Marisel Romina; Abatedaga, Maria Ines de Los Angeles; Valle, Lorena; Borsarelli, Claudio Darío; Mussi, María Alejandra Sunlight is a ubiquitous environmental stimulus for the great majority of living organisms on Earth; therefore it is logical to expect the development of "seeing mechanisms" which lead them to successfully adapt to particular ecological niches. Although these mechanisms were recognized in photosynthetic organisms, it was not until recent years that the scientific community found out about light perception in chemotrophic ones. In this review we summarize the current knowledge about the mechanism of light sensing through the blue light receptor BlsA in Acinetobacter baumannii. We highlight its function as a global regulator that pleiotropically modulates a large number of physiological processes, many of which are linked to the ability of this opportunist pathogen to persist in adverse intrahospital environments. Moreover, we describe with some specific examples the molecular basis of how this photoregulator senses blue light and translates this physical signal by modulating gene expression of target regulons. Finally, we discuss the possible course of these investigations needed to dissect this complex regulatory network, which ultimately will help us better understand the A. baumannii physiology.

Parásitos como indicadores cronológicos: ADN antiguo de Nematodirus spathiger (Nematoda: Molineidae) en coprolitos de camélidos de Patagonia argentina; Parasites as chronological indicators: ancient DNA of Nematodirus spathiger (Nematoda: molineidae) in camelid coprolites from Patagonia Argentina Petrigh, Romina Sandra; Rindel, Diego Damián; Goñi, Rafael Agustín; Fugassa, Martín Horacio Los coprolitos hallados en los sitios arqueológicos pueden contener restos parasitarios identificables por sus caracteres morfológicos y mediante el análisis de fragmentos de ADN. Este diagnóstico preciso nos permite conocer parte de los ensambles parasitarios de los mamíferos holocénicos. Los coprolitos de camélidos han sido recuperados en diversos sitios de Patagonia. Aquí se informa sobre el análisis de huevos larvados atribuidos a Nematodirus sp. aislados de coprolitos de guanaco del sitio arqueológico Alero Destacamento Guardaparque (ADG) ubicado en la Patagonia Argentina. Los huevos y sus larvas fueron tentativamente asignados por microscopía a Nematodirus spathiger Railliet, 1896 y dicha identidad corroborada mediante el análisis del ADN antiguo (ADNa) de dos aislamientos de huevos larvados. Las secuencias de ADNa obtenidas del fragmento del gen mitocondrial correspondiente a la subunidad I de la enzima citocromo c oxidasa (cox1) mostró un 99% de identidad con secuencias de N. spathiger. Además, un fragmento del 5.8S del ADN ribosomal (ADNr) confirmó estos resultados con un 98% de identidad. Este parásito no había sido reportado en estudios previos realizados sobre muestras prehispánicas de camélidos, mientras que existen reportes de su presencia en guanacos patagónicos actuales. Nematodirus spathiger es considerado específico de bóvidos y ovinos, lo que sugiere que su ocurrencia en guanacos es resultado de su colonización por enteroparásitos exóticos que llegaron a Patagonia con el ganado europeo. En consecuencia, este hallazgo demuestra su utilidad como indicador temporal para discutir la antigüedad de las capas superiores del sitio arqueológico ADG.; Coprolites from archaeological sites could contain parasitic remains. These remains are identified according to morphological characters and DNA analysis. Accurate diagnosis allows knowing part of the parasitic assemblages of mammals during Holocene. Coprolites of camelids have been recovered in different archaeological sites of Patagonia. In the present work, larvated eggs attribute to Nematodirus sp. isolated from guanaco coprolites were studied to their accurate identification. Coprolites were collected in the archaeological site Alero Destacamento Guardaparque (ADG) located in the Meridional Patagonia. Eggs and their larvae were assigned to Nematodirus spathiger Railliet, 1896 by morphometric analysis under light microscope. Ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis of two larvated eggs isolates confirmed parasites identity. DNA sequences of mitochondrial fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coxl) gene showed a 99% identity with other N. spathiger sequences. Also, sequences of 5.8 S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragment confirmed coxl results with an identity of 98%. Previous studies on camelids prehispanic samples not reported N. spathiger, but this parasite have been reported in current guanacos in Patagonia. Nematodirus spathiger is considered a specific bovine and sheep parasite suggesting that its occurrence in guanacos is a consequence of host colonization by exotic enteroparasites that arrived in Patagonia with European cattle. Consequently, this finding demonstrates its usefulness as a temporary indicator to discuss the antiquity of the upper layers of the ADG archaeological site.

Aspectos musicales en la crítica deleuziana de la representación; Musical issues in Deleuze’s critique of representation Lucero, Guadalupe En este artículo nos proponemos recorrer la crítica deleuziana del concepto de representación a partir del valor y de la utilidad del concepto estético de forma. Para ello analizaremos dicho concepto no sólo en el interior de la filosofía de Deleuze, sino también en términos estéticos, más concretamente en el marco de la teoría del arte. La hipótesis de este artículo es que a través de una lectura musical del concepto de forma es posible considerar su función en su vecindad y distancia con respecto al concepto de estructura.; In this paper we attempt to follow Deleuze’s critique of representation, taking as a key concept the idea of form. We will analyze this concept within Deleuze’s philosophy and also in art debates. We will try to show that the musical sense of the concept and the musical theories of the 60s may lead us to a new concept of form related to structure.

Fundamentos epistemológicos de la doctrina galénica de las enfermedades del alma; Epistemological foundations in galenic doctrine for the diseases of the soul’s diseases Gargiulo, María Teresa Nos proponemos exponer las distintas acepciones que recibe el concepto de enfermedad del alma en la obra de Galeno. Particularmente analizaremos los fundamentos epistemológicos que legitiman la incumbencia de la medicina galénica para tratar las afecciones del alma. Entre la literatura que se ha ocupado por dilucidar esta cuestión existe una tradición hermenéutica que sitúa la doctrina galénica acerca de las enfermedades del alma en una dimensión estrictamente moral. A nuestro entender dicha tradición corre el riesgo de ofrecer una lectura unilateral y fragmentaria. Pues, en sus escritos el médico formula múltiples distinciones y definiciones en orden a mostrar que las afecciones del alma, no sólo son objeto de un interés de tipo moral, sino que tienen estrictamente una incumbencia médica.

Occurrence of domestic and intrusive triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)in sylvatic habitats of the temperate Monte Desert ecoregion of Argentina Carbajal de la Fuente, Ana Laura; Fernández Deagustini, María del Pilar; Piccinali, Romina Valeria; Rodríguez Planes, Lucía Inés; Duarte, Rosemere; Gurtler, Ricardo Esteban The eco-epidemiology of Triatominae and Trypanosoma cruzi transmission has been little studied in the Argentinean Monte ecoregion. Herein, we provide a comprehensive description of domestic and intrusive triatomines to evaluate the risk of reinfestation of rural dwellings. Triatoma infestans, T. patagonica, T. garciabesi and T. eratyrusiformis were collected by active searches or light traps. None were infected with T. cruzi. One T. infestans male was collected at 1.3 km from the nearest infested house. The finding of intrusive and domestic triatomines in sylvatic foci emphasizes the need of implementing an effective vector surveillance system.

How does levetiracetam compare with other anti-epileptic drugs in terms of congenital malformations in children? Ciapponi, Agustín Reviewers assessed the incidence of congenital malformations in children associated with levetiracetam versus carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxycarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, zonisamide, and valproate; no trial compared levetiracetam with primidone. Major malformations were rare, occurring most commonly with phenobarbital (6% of infants; all values on average), valproate (4%), and topiramate (4%); rates for levetiracetam ranged from 0.1% to 2.4% across comparisons. In absolute numbers, the greatest reductions with levetiracetam were observed when compared with phenobarbital (24 vs 55 per 1000 infants), valproate (7 vs 38 per 1000 infants), topiramate (21 vs 42 per 1000 infants), and phenytoin (14 vs 29 per 1000 infants). Reviewers assessed neural tube, cardiac, orofacial cleft/craniofacial, and skeletal/limb malformations separately; similarly, highest rates were observed with valproate, phenytoin, and phenobarbital, although rates were ≤ 2.5% in all groups across all comparisons. It is worth noting that none of the studies were RCTs and all were classified as being at high risk for selection bias and high or unclear risk for blinding of outcome assessment. In addition, details of the regimens used for each antiepileptic drug were not reported, making it difficult to assess the generalizability of results to clinical practice.

Gracilariopsis hommersandii, a red seaweed, source of agar and sulfated polysaccharides with unusual structures Rodríguez Sánchez, Rodrigo Antonio; Canelon Gonzalez, Dilsia Josefina; Cosenza, Vanina A.; Fissore, Eliana Noemi; Gerschenson, Lia Noemi; Matulewicz, Maria Cristina; Ciancia, Marina Red seaweed Gracilariopsis hommersandii produces important amounts of non-gelling galactans, which were extracted with hot water (GrC, yield, 37%, viscosity average molecular weight, Mv 109 kDa), comprising agarose and sulfated galactan structures. The alkali modified derivative, GrCTr (Mv 95 kDa), gave a galactose:3,6-anhydrogalactose molar ratio of 1.0:0.9, and a more regular structure, favouring gelation (melting and gelling temperatures 64 and 14 °C, respectively). The rheological properties of this product suggest possible applications as hydrocolloid. G. hommersandii also biosynthesizes non gelling sulfated galactan fractions with diads constituted by β-D-galactose and partially cyclized α-L-galactose units or non-cyclized α-D-galactose residues. Sulfation was mainly detected on C6 or C4 of the β-D-galactose units, and on C6 and, in minor amounts, on C3 of the α-L-galactose units. The presence of β-apiuronic acid was demonstrated for these fractions as side chains of the galactan backbone. Carrageenan structures were found for the first time in an agarophyte of the Gracilariales.

'Yo iré y tú quedarás hasta que regrese': El judío errante en la narrativa de Manuel Mujica Lainez; “I go, and you will wait till I return”:Wandering Jew in Manuel Mujica Lainez´s Niemetz, Diego Este artículo analiza las apariciones del judío errante en la obra literaria de Manuel Mujica Lainez. Para ello, en primera medida, se propone considerar el importante rol de la leyenda en la difusión del ideario antisemita a lo largo de varios siglos en Europa. Posteriormente, se aborda la aparición de personajes judíos, estigmatizados mediante la utilización de las características difundidas a través de la leyenda, en la literatura argentina. Finalmente, se analiza cómo el ideario que nutre las representaciones reificadas a partir de un personaje como el judío errante, se manifiestan en la obra de un autor cuya formación pertenece tanto al campo del nacionalismo católico como al sector liberal. El estudio de los tres casos en los que el escritor recurre a la leyenda, tiene por objeto considerar de qué modo y hasta qué punto la representación del colectivo judío es producto de naturalizar lo que, en realidad, es una construcción social.; This article aims to considersthe apparitions of the WanderingJew in Manuel Mujica Lainez ́s literary work.Firstly,it is necessary to consider the important role of the legend in the dissemination of anti-Semitic ideas over several centuries in Europe. Subsequently, we consider briefly the appearance of Jewish characters, stigmatized by using the characteristics spread through the legend, in Argentine literature. Finally, it is analyzed how the ideology that nourishes the reified representations from a character like the WanderingJew, is manifested in the work of an author whose formation belongs both to the field of Catholic nationalism and to the liberal sector. The study of the three cases,in which the writer appealsto the legend, aims to consider in what way and up to what point the representation of the Jewish collective is the product of naturalizing a social construction.

Affine Killing vector fields on homogeneous surfaces with torsion D'ascanio, Daniela; Gilkey, Peter; González Pisani, Pablo Andrés Many  extensions  of  General  Relativity  are  based  on  considering  metric  and  affine  structures as independent properties of spacetime.  This leads to the possibility of introducing torsion as an independent degree of freedom.  In this article we examine the effects of torsion on the affine Killing vectors of two-dimensional manifolds.  We give a complete description of the Lie algebras of affine Killing vector fields on homogeneous surfaces.  This can be used in the search of non-metrizable surfaces of interest.

Clinical, biochemical, and genetic characterization of acute hepatic porphyrias in a cohort of Argentine patients Martinez, María del Carmen; Cerbino, Gabriela Nora; Granata, Bárbara Xoana; Batlle, Alcira Maria del C.; Parera, Victoria Estela; Rossetti, Maria Victoria Background: Acute Hepatic Porphyrias (AHPs) are characterized by an acute neuroabdominal syndrome including both neuropsychiatric symptoms and neurodegenerative changes. Two main hypotheses explain the pathogenesis of nervous system dysfunction: (a) the ROS generation by autooxidation of 5-aminolevulinic acid accumulated in liver and brain; (b) liver heme deficiency and in neural tissues that generate an oxidative status, a component of the neurodegenerative process. Methods: We review results obtained from Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) and Variegate Porphyria (VP) families studied at clinical, biochemical, and molecular level at the CIPYP in Argentina. The relationship between the porphyric attack and oxidative stress was also evaluated in AHP patients and controls, to identify a marker of neurological dysfunction. Results: We studied 116 AIP families and 30 VP families, 609 and 132 individuals, respectively. Genotype/phenotype relation was studied. Oxidative stress parameters and plasma homocysteine levels were measured in 20 healthy volunteers, 22 AIP and 12 VP individuals. Conclusion: No significant difference in oxidative stress parameters and homocysteine levels between the analyzed groups were found.

Conflicto distributivo y crecimiento en Argentina Rapetti, Martín Gervasio El trabajo busca vincular el bajo ritmo de la economía argentina desde la segunda posguerra a la actualidad con la volatilidad económica que surge del conflicto distributivo estructural que subyace en la sociedad.