Sistemas microparticulados orales para la liberación modificada de fármacos Leonardi, Darío; Lamas, Maria Celina; Salomon, Claudio Javier La microencapsulación es un proceso en el cual sustancias de origen sólido, líquido o compuestos gaseosos son cubiertas o dispersadas en una película de material polimérico. Cuando las dimensiones de las cápsulas obtenidas se encuentran entre 1 mm y 1 mm se denomina microencapsulación, mientras que cuando las dimensiones son menores a 1 μm se emplea el término nanoencapsulación.En un sentido amplio, la micro o nanoencapsulación provee un medio de envasar, separar y almacenar materiales en escala micrométrica o nanométrica, según sea el caso, para su posterior liberación bajo condiciones controladas.

Simple method for estimating the fractional Raman contribution Sánchez, Alfredo Daniel; Linale, Nicolás Martín; Bonetti, Juan Ignacio; Hernandez, S. M.; Fierens, Pablo Ignacio; Brambilla, G.; Grosz, Diego Fernando We propose a novel and simple method for estimating the fractional Raman contribution, fR, based on an analysis of a full model of modulation instability (MI) in waveguides. An analytical expression relating fR to the MI peak gain beyond the cutoff power is explicitly derived, allowing for an accurate estimation of fR from a single measurement of the Raman gain spectrum.

Selected aspects of the Analytical Chemistry of Amlodipine, a widely used long acting Calcium antagonist Kaufman, Teodoro Saul Amlodipine is a poly-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine with activity as a calcium antagonist. The drug inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscles and cardiac muscles; therefore, it is prescribed in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. Amlodipine, which is official in all the recognized pharmacopeias, has been in clinical use during the last 30 years. The drug is currently available as the besylate and to a lesser extent, as the maleate salt.Discussed in this article is the analytical chemistry of amlodipine, from the perspective of the modern concepts of drug purity control and the need of stability indicating assays for quality assurance purposes. Hence, the synthesis and stability of the heterocycle, as well as the preparation of impurities and their determination in different scenarios are presented. Other specific aspects such as phase transitions, as well as the determination of genotoxic impurities, the enantiomers of the drug and compounds resulting from compatibility with excipients and other substances, are also discussed.

Selected aspects of the chemical and biological profile of triclabendazole: A widely used benzimidazole fasciolicidal agent Kaufman, Teodoro Saul Fasciolosis is a very serious parasiticdisease, caused by Fasciola hepaticaand Fasciola gigantica, which isresponsible for heavy economic losses in the production of sheep and cattle inmany countries around the world. In addition, humans and other animals,including pets, may be infected. To date, triclabendazole is the only drug tocontrol fasciolosis, being effective against immature and adult flukes alike.This book chapter focuses on selectedaspects of the chemistry and biology of triclabendazole. Detailed herein arethe different alternative syntheses of the drug, analogs and prodrugs, as wellas its physical properties, with emphasis on its solubility and itscharacteristic conformational and tautomeric structural polymorphism. Inaddition, process impurities are detailed, as well as the pharmaceuticalstability of triclabendazole against stress conditions, including acid andbasic hydrolysis, oxygen (oxidation), heat and light. Thechapter also includes not only a description of the impact of the disease, butalso the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of triclabendazole, with theproduction of different oxidation metabolites on sulfur and on the2,3-dichlorophenoxy ring. Selected analytical methods for the determination ofthe drug and its metabolites in different matrices, including from commercialtablets to biological tissues (meat, liver) and fluids (milk, plasma), arepresented and discussed. Particular emphasis is given to developments thatinclude the use of chromatographic (and hyphenated) methodologies.

La ciencia positivista y la educación escolarizada Figari, Claudia Alicia Susana; Dellatorre, Graciela Focalizamos en el estudio de las bases filosóficas del orden positivista, recuperando conceptos nodales de Compte y Durkheim. Se establecen vinculaciones con la consolidación de los sistemas escolares hacia el siglo 19, poniendo en evidencia cómo el orden científico es transpuesto como orden cultural. Esta aproximación posibilita analizar las bases explicativas de este nuevo ordenamiento social, marco en el cual se problematiza el patrón civilizatorio, y, en ese marco la conformación de un sujeto acorde a las reglas juego imperantes en el orden moderno. En este sentido, se abordan las influencias positivistas e ilustradas en el Río de la Plata a través de los aportes de Sarmiento.

El sistema económico capitalista y el trabajo asalariado: disciplinamientos y resistencias Figari, Claudia Alicia Susana Focalizamos en la la conceptualización de la sociedad moderna, identificando los procesos que convergen en su génesis. Se tiene en cuenta especialmente la transición del feudalismo al capitalismo en Europa Occidental y la configuración económica y política y filosófica hacia el siglo XVII. En este capítulo caracterizamos los procesos económicos que operan en la transformación de la sociedad feudal a la sociedad capitalista, apelando a la categoría de modo de producción, a los efectos de comprender las reglas que lo rigen y su incidencia en la reproducción de las condiciones de vida y en la apropiación de la riqueza por parte de la burguesía. Analizamos también los vínculos orgánicos con la formación de los Estados nacionales modernos impulsado por las revoluciones burguesas del siglo XVIII- y ponemos de manifiesto los mecanismos complejos que contribuyen a legitimar y garantiza la reproducción de la relación social capital-trabajo.

Two-dimensional Sturmian basis set for bound state calculations Randazzo, Juan Martin; Ancarani, Lorenzo Ugo Sturmian functions (SF) constitute a very useful spectral tool to deal with bound states or break-up problems in atomic and molecular physics. In their standard form for the three-body case, the radial part of the wave function is proposed as an expansion in products of one-dimensional generalized SF (GSF). Here, we present an alternative spectral approach. It is based on solutions of a two-dimensional Sturmian eigenvalue problem that is solved with a finite set of one-dimensional GSF. The resulting 2DSF basis set functions depend simultaneously on two interparticle distances and possess a natural reordering. Through calculations of the Helium ground and 41F excited states energy, we compare the efficiency of the two equivalent sets of functions. The superiority of the two-dimensional approach demonstrated here should be particularly useful to reduce computational costs for applications in the continuum regime.

Modelos estadísticos en lenguaje R Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro; Oddi, Facundo José; Aristimuño, Francisco Javier; Aliosha, Nicolás Behnisch Los profesionales de las ciencias económicas y ambientales deben resolver problemas a partir de la colección y el análisis de datos. En general, estos datos son tomados de una muestra procedente de relevamientos o experimentos, es decir que la información con la que trabajan es parcial. Por lo tanto, deben contar con herramientas que los ayuden a tomar la mejor decisión ante preguntas que tienen respuestas inciertas.La estadística aporta las herramientas necesarias para colectar los datos, a la vez que permite resumir y presentar la información contenida en la muestra, para luego inferir en base a ella características fundamentales de la población de la que fue extraída. Además, posibilita cuantificar la incertidumbre asociada a nuestras respuestas o, dicho de otra manera, la probabilidad de equivocarnos en la decisión tomada. Por lo tanto, al utilizar la estadística, las conclusiones estarán sustentadas por un sólido marco de análisis. Este libro cubre los temas de un segundo curso de grado en estadística y amplía sus contenidos a muchas de las herramientas utilizadas actualmente para la resolución de problemas económicos y ambientales, acerca de las cuales la oferta académica es reducida. Creemos que ello, junto con el enfoque de taller del curso, flexibiliza el aprendizaje del lector ayudándolo a lograr independencia para resolver los problemas a los cuales se enfrentará durante su actividad profesional.A lo largo de los capítulos (suponemos que el lector está familiarizado con los conceptos básicos de estadística y probabilidad) ponemos a disposición ejercicios prácticos para adquirir los conocimientos básicos sobre cómo colectar datos (diseño de estudios), modelarlos y analizarlos utilizando el programa R.

Antifungal activity of Bignoniaceae plants on Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus niger Apud, Gisselle Raquel; Aredes Fernández, Pedro Adrián; Kritsanida, Marina; Grougnet, Raphael; Sampietro, Diego Alejandro Twenty four extracts from Bignoniaceae plants of northwest Argentina were tested for antifungal activity against Aspergillus species responsible of the grape black rot. Stems and leaves of Amphilophium cynanchoides, Macfadyena cynanchoides, Tecoma stans and Jacaranda mimosifolia were separately extracted with solvents of increasing polarity to obtain the dichloromethane (fCH2Cl2), ethyl acetate (fEtOAc) and methanol extracts (fMeOH). The fCH2Cl2 from stem of M. cynanchoides had the lowest IC50 (1.0-1.2 mg/mL) and MID values (0.6-1.2 mg) and the highest ID values (5.0-6.8 mm) on A. niger and A. carbonarius. The main contributors of the antifungal activity of fCH2Cl2 were identified as lapachol (MIC = 0.25-1.00 mg/ml) and 1-hydroxy-4-methylanthraquinone (MIC = 0.0625-0.125 mg/mL). These compounds synergized the antifungal activity of sodium metabisulfite and showed an additive effect in mixtures with propiconazol. They might be used as additives of commercial antifungals to protect grapes against A. niger and A. carbonarius.

Obesidad y características de personalidad en adolescentes de Argentina y España. Un estudio transcultural; Obesity and personality characteristics in adolescents from Argentina and Spain: A cross-cultural study Lacunza, Ana Betina; Sal, Francisco Javier; Paredes, Víctor; Collado Yurrita, Luis; Caballero, Silvina Valeria; Diaz Molina, Paula; CordobesRol, Marta; Salazar Burgos, Ramiro Joaquín; Bermejo de las Heras, Sara; Leon, Joana; San Mauro Martin, Isabel Los objetivos fueron: a) comparar la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes escolarizados de Argentina y España, b) comparar las características de personalidad según mediciones antropométricas y lugar de residencia y c) identificar la presencia de riesgo psicopatológico en los adolescentes. Se trató de un estudio comparativo, transversal, con un muestreo intencional. Participaron 272 adolescentes de 11 a 16 años de Tucumán?Argentina (n = 108) y Madrid?España (n = 164). Se administró el Cuestionario de Personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-J) y mediciones antropométricas de talla y peso. Se calculó el IMC, estableciéndose grupos clínico y control. El 39% de los adolescentes españoles y el 43% de argentinos presentaban sobrepeso u obesidad. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas en las características de personalidad según grupo clínico o control y residencia. Sin embargo, los adolescentes con obesidad de ambos países referían mayor neuroticismo. Por su parte, los adolescentes argentinos referían mayor neuroticismo y dureza emocional (4% de alto riesgo). Un 3% de sus pares españoles mostraban alto riesgo en neuroticismo. Los datos observados muestran que no puede establecerse un perfil psicopatológico propio del adolescente con sobrepeso u obesidad, aunque el contexto tiene importancia en los datos descriptos.; The objectives of this study were: 1. To compare the presence of overweight and obesity in adolescents from Ar- gentina vs. Spain, 2. To compare personality according to nutritional diagnosis (ND) and place of residence (PR), and 3. To identify the presence of psychopathological risk (PR). A total of 272 adolescents, men and women from 11 to 16 years completed the Personality Questionnaire for Children of Eysenck (EPQ-J) and body mass index was calculated through height and weight measures. The 39% of the Spanish adolescents and 43% of the Argentinians presented overweight or obesity, two clinical groups were formed, one per country and both control groups were constituted by the normal weight participants. The combination of the variables ND and PR did not show signifi- cant differences in terms of personality dimensions. However, both clinical groups presented greater neuroticism (NE) than their control peers. Regarding the PR, the Argentine adolescents registered higher NE and emotional hardness (4% of high risk) than 3% of high risk of NE in the Spanish. The data obtained did not allow to establish a psychopathological profile of the overweight or obese adolescent, this is because the influence of the country of origin prevailed.

A linked modelling framework to explore interactions among climate, soil water, and land use decisions in the Argentine Pampas García, Guillermo A.; García, Pablo Enrique; Rovere, Santiago Luis; Bert, Federico Esteban; Schmidt, Federico Martín; Menendez, Angel Nicolas; Nosetto, Marcelo Daniel; Verdin, Andrew; Rajagopalan, Balaji; Arora, Poonam; Podestá, Guillermo P. In flat environments, groundwater is relatively shallow, tightly associated with surface water and climate, and can have either positive and negative impacts on natural and human systems depending on its depth. A linked modelling and analysis framework that seeks to capture linkages across multiple scales at the climate/water/ crop nexus in the Argentine Pampas is presented. This region shows a strong coupling between climate, soil water, and land use due to its extremely flat topography and poorly developed drainage networks. The work describes the components of the framework and, subsequently, presents results from simulations performed with the twin goals of (i) validating the framework as a whole and (ii) demonstrating its usefulness to explore interesting contexts such as unexperienced climate scenarios (wet/dry periods), hypothetical policies (e.g., differential grains export taxes), and adoption of non-structural technologies (e.g., cover crops) to manage wáter table depth.

Interception, throughfall and stemflow partition in drylands: Global synthesis and meta-analysis Magliano, Patricio Nicolás; Whitworth Hulse, Juan Ignacio; Baldi, Germán The net amount of rainfall entering into the soil and its spatial distribution at the patch scale are key drivers of ecosystem processes in drylands. The spatial distribution of water is mainly controlled by vegetation canopy which determines the partitioning of rainfall into interception, throughfall and stemflow. In this paper, we synthesized and analyzed rainfall partitioning for 68 woody plant species in drylands (delimited by a rainfall-potential evapotranspiration ratio <0.65; 46 papers). We explored the role of rainfall inputs and plant morphological attributes (life form, phenology, leaf type and bark type) by considering a rainfall gradient from 145 to 805 mm year^−1. On average, interception, throughfall and stemflow accounted for 24.0, 69.8 and 6.2% of total rainfall, respectively. Stemflow was the most variable flux (coefficient of variation = 107.8%), while interception and throughfall were less variable fluxes (coefficient of variation = 39.2 and 20.4%, respectively). Along the increasing rainfall gradient, interception showed a tendency to decrease from 27.1 to 18.9% (p = 0.12), throughfall increased from 61.4 to 81.2% (p < 0.01) and stemflow decreased from 10.0 to 1.6% (p < 0.0001). Shrubs presented higher stemflow than trees (9.4% vs. 3.5%, respectively; p < 0.0001), while trees presented higher throughfall than shrubs (72.3% vs. 63.0%, respectively; p < 0.05). Species with smooth barks presented higher stemflow than species with rough barks (8.3% vs. 4.2%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Both phenology and leaf type had no effect on interception, throughfall and stemflow (p > 0.05 for all cases). Shrubs were more abundant towards the dry edge of the rainfall gradient (145-500 mm year^−1), while trees were more abundant towards the subhumid edge (500-805 mm year^−1). These results suggested that higher stemflow found towards the dry edge of the rainfall gradient was caused by the higher abundance of shrubs, which generated more stemflow than trees. Our findings highlighted the ecohydrological key role of vegetation life form and rainfall inputs affecting the amount of water entering into the soil and its spatial distribution in drylands.

Los visitantes en los museos de arte argentinos: consideraciones a partir de los estudios de visitantes/públicos; Visitors to argentine art museums: some considerations based on visitor/audience studies; Visiteurs des musées d’art argentins: considérations fondées sur des études de visiteurs / publics; Visitantes de museus de arte argentinos: considerações baseadas em estudos de visitantes/públicos; Sug chaiagkasina chi tsabajukuna kawangapa rirkakuna chi Argintinu ruraskata: kawarkakuna imasami maipipuna chi iachachiipi hi chaigkuna kawarkakuna chi puglupi Panozzo Zenere, Alejandra Gabriela El modelo museístico contemporáneo establece una lógica de disciplinamiento vinculado a múltiples ofertas de experiencias, de entretenimiento, de consumo y de diálogo. En este esquema, los gustos, los intereses y las necesidades de los visitantes se vuelven fundamentales para que el museo se reconfigure ante los desafíos del sistema capitalista. La discusión del presente texto abordará las contrariedades que presentan los museos de arte argentinos al generar instancias de indagación sobre sus públicos. Para ello, el trabajo procura desentrañar el nuevo vínculo que se establece con los visitantes desde un contexto determinado y una tipología específica, lo que ayuda a comprender la dinámica que adquieren estos establecimientos en la contemporaneidad. En líneas generales, se apela a un cruce de contenidos sustentados en los enfoques teóricos críticos aplicados a la museología y los estudios de visitantes y, en lo específico, se aportan datos analíticos sobre la utilización los estudios de visitantes en los museos de arte argentinos. Además, se recurre al estudio de casos múltiples al describir algunos estudios que permiten reconocer instancias de diálogo en la dinámica museal.; The contemporary museum model establishes a logic of discipline linked to multiple offers of experiences, entertainment, consumption and dialogue. In this scheme, the tastes, interests and needs of the visitors become fundamental for the museum to reconfigure itself before the challenges of the capitalist system. This article will address the quandaries faced by Argentine art museums when they generate instances of inquiry about their audiences. To do this, we seek to unravel the new link that is established with visitors from a specific context and a specific typology, an aid to understand the dynamics that these establishments exhibit today. More generally, we appeal to the crossing of contents based on critico-theoretical approaches applied to museology and visitor studies and, specifically, analytical data is provided on the use of visitor’s studies in Argentine art museums. In addition, multiple cases are used when describing studies that allow the recognition of instances of dialogue in the museal dynamics.; Le modèle de musée contemporain instaure une logique de discipline liée à de multiples offres d’expériences, de divertissement, de consommation et de dialogue. Dans ce schéma, les goûts, les intérêts et les besoins des visiteurs deviennent fondamentaux pour que le musée se reconfigure face aux défis du système capitaliste. Cet article abordera les dilemmes auxquels les musées d’art argentins sont confrontés lorsqu’ils suscitent des enquêtes sur leurs publics. Pour ce faire, nous cherchons à démêler le nouveau lien établi avec les visiteurs dans un contexte et une typologie spécifiques, ce qui aide à comprendre la dynamique que ces établissements présentent aujourd’hui. De manière plus générale, nous faisons appel au croisement de contenus basé sur des approches théorico-critiques appliquées à la muséologie et aux études sur les visiteurs. Des données analytiques sont notamment fournies sur l’utilisation des études de visiteurs dans les musées d’art argentins. De plus, plusieurs cas sont utilisés pour décrire des études permettant la reconnaissance d’instances de dialogue dans la dynamique muséale.; O modelo de museu contemporâneo estabelece uma lógica de disciplina ligada a múltiplas ofertas de experiências, entretenimento, consumo e diálogo. Neste esquema, os gostos, interesses e necessidades dos visitantes tornam-se fundamentais para o museu se reconfigurar diante dos desafios do sistema capitalista. Este artigo abordará os dilemas enfrentados pelos museus argentinos de arte quando geram instâncias de investigação sobre seus públicos. Para isso, buscamos desvendar o novo elo que é estabelecido com os visitantes de um contexto específico e uma tipologia específica, o que ajuda a entender a dinâmica que esses estabelecimentos exibem hoje. De maneira mais geral, apelamos ao cruzamento de conteúdos baseados em abordagens teórico-críticas aplicadas à museologia e aos estudos de visitantes e, especificamente, dados analíticos sobre o uso de estudos de visitantes em museus de arte argentinos. Além disso, o estudo de casos múltiplos é utilizado na descrição de estudos que permitem o reconhecimento de instâncias de diálogo na dinâmica museal.; Kai tsabaja kai punchakuna ruraska kami iapa mucuchu i chasaiatata iamasami nukanchpa antiwa iachachirirka, parlanakui, gastaikuna i rimanakui. Kai kawaikuna, imami munakuna imami kurtinta i imami kai ruragkuna munankuna chi sug luarmandakunawa iapa iukar kulki kagkunawa. Kaiparlanakui imasami ruraska, kaiarimi imasa iakichinakui tiaska kikin pura kai tsabaju Argentinukuna ruraska. Chasapa ikuti kaiarinkuna sugrgcha tsabaju rurai chasa aidami intindingapa imasami kai punchakuna chi tsabajukunaka rurai. Chasa ruraspaka sugama sugma rimanakuspa. Minkunami imami chaia rurangapa mana tsukai tiangapa kai chaiamigkuna kai musiu, kai aldami iuiaringapa imasami iuiarirka imasami iachaikurkakuna chi tsabaju Argentikui. Chasa kai iachaikaipi kawachirirka chi musé tsabajukuna ruraskata.

Synergism between Terbinafine and a Neo-clerodane Dimer or a Monomer Isolated from Baccharis flabellata against Trichophyton rubrum Rodriguez, María Victoria; Butassi, Estefanía; Funes, Matías Daniel; Zacchino, Susana Alicia Stella The new neo-clerodane dimer (DACD) likely formed by a [4+2] photo-cycloaddition between two molecules of ent-15,16-epoxy-19-hydroxy-1,3,13(16),14-clerodatetraen-18-oic acid (DAC), both isolated from Baccharis flabellata Hook et Arn. var. flabellata (Asteraceae), were tested in combination withterbinafine (Terb) against Trichophyton rubrum. The interactions were assessed with different methodologies such as 3D CombiTool software, LoeweCombination Index (CI) and isobolograms. Results showed that the monomer DAC as well as its dimer DACD act synergistically with Terb against T. rubrum.DAC/Terb and DACD/Terb showed eight and twelve synergistic mixtures respectively in the CombiTool graphics thus suggesting that DACD/Terb was moresynergistic with Terb than DAC. These results were corroborated by the CI values and the isobolograms of the detected combinations. DACD/Terb showedmuch lower CIs (0.34-0.47) than DAC/Terb (0.57-1.15) at the different inhibition percentages tested. Concomitantly, DACD/Terb isobolograms were moreconcave than for DAC/Terb at the different inhibition percentages. This is the first report showing antifungal synergistic interactions of neo-clerodanes dimers and add new evidences that neo-clerodanes monomers interact synergistically with Terb against T. rubrum.

Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic metabolites from native plants of northwest Argentina: isolation, identification and potential for control of Aspergillus species Gómez, Analia de Los Angeles; Terán Baptista, Zareath Pamela; Mandova, Tsvetelina; Baoruti, Angeliki; Kritsanida, Marina; Grougnet, Raphaël; Sampietro Vattuone, Maria Marta; Sampietro, Diego Alejandro Extracts from aerial parts of Prosopis ruscifolia, Bidens pilosa, Cercidium praecox and Phoradendron liga were assayed against toxigenic Aspergillus species. They were obtained by sequential extraction of the aerial parts with hexane (fHex), dichloromethane (fDCM), ethyl acetate (fEtOAc) and methanol (fMeOH). The fMeOH from P. ruscifolia showed the highest antifungal spectrum (MIC = 750–1500 µg mL−1; MID = 50–200 µg; DI = 1.7–3.0 mm). Indolizidine alkaloids (juliflorine and juliprosine) and tryptamine were identified with strong (MIC = 188 µg mL−1) and moderate antifungal activities (MIC = 750 µg mL−1), respectively, towards A. parasiticus and A. flavus. The fMeOH, the indolizidine alkaloids and tryptamine synergized the fungitoxic effect of potassium sorbate and propiconazole. They completely suppressed the biosynthesis of aflatoxins at concentrations of 47, 94 and 375 µg mL−1, respectively. Our results indicate that fMeOH and its identified alkaloids are promisory additives of commercial antifungals and are antiaflatoxigenic agents at concentrations below of those required for complete suppression of fungal growth.

Three solutions for a nonlocal problem with critical growth Cantizano, Natalí Ailín; Silva, Analia The main goal of this work is to prove the existence of three different solutions (one positive, one negative and one with nonconstant sign) for the equation (−Δp)su=|u|ps ⁎−2u+λf(x,u) in a bounded domain with Dirichlet condition, where (−Δp)s is the well known p-fractional Laplacian and ps ⁎=np / n−sp is the critical Sobolev exponent for the non local case. The proof follows the ideas of [28] and is based in the extension of the Concentration Compactness Principle for the p-fractional Laplacian [20] and Ekeland´s variational Principle [7].

Lactic acid bacteria and respiratory health: their beneficial effects on viral infections Villena, Julio Cesar; Suvorov, Alexander; Kitazawa, Haruki; Alvarez, Gladis Susana Respiratory viral infections are a major global public health problem and despite the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs, these infections continue to cause frequent morbidity, and severe outcomes including death, especially in developing countries. Therefore, more research is necessary to expand the options for preventing or treating respiratory viral infections. In this regard, research from the last decade has proved that beneficial microbes with the ability to modulate the immune system (immunobiotics) are an interesting alternative to improve the resistance against respiratory infections. This chapter describes the current knowledge of the positive effects of immunobiotic lactic acid bacteria on the modulation of respiratory antiviral immunity and their impact on the susceptibility to viral infections. Studies have demonstrated that the mucosal priming (oral or nasal stimulation) with immunobiotics is able to improve the resistance against respiratory viruses including Influenza Virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Moreover, it was recently reported that the modulation of the antiviral immune response by immunobiotics could also reduce the severity of secondary bacterial respiratory infections.

Introductory chapter: Vitamin C Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph The word vitamin was originally coined to describe amines that are essential for life. It is now know that although not all vitamins are amines, the are organic micronutrients that mean that they must be consumed in small quantities for the adequate growth and are required in numerous metabolic reactions to maintain homeostasis. There are 13 vitamins that are recognized by all researchers, and these can be classified as either being soluble in fats (fat-soluble) (including vitamins A (retinols and carotenoids), D (cholecalciferol), E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and K (quinones)), or soluble in water (water-soluble) (including vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and the B group vitamins). B-group vitamins include the following: vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic acid or folate) and vitamin B12 (cobalamins).

La construcción del paisaje con frutales euroasiáticos: los cítricos y las rosáceas Stampella, Pablo César; Lambaré, Daniela Alejandra; Hilgert, Norma Ines; Vignale, Nilda Dora; Pochettino, María Lelia Los autores de esta contribución hemos formado un grupo interdisciplinario e interinstitucional dedicado al estudio diversos aspectos de la flora útil de Argentina. El Laboratorio de Etnobotánica y Botánica Aplicada ha abordado en los últimos tiempos la problemática de la percepción local acerca de especies introducidas en distintos ámbitos de nuestro país. El Laboratorio de Botánica Sistemática y Etnobotánica es referente en las investigaciones etnobotánicas, con especial énfasis en zonas áridas y semiáridas del Noroeste de Argentina, en tanto que el equipo de etnobotánica del Instituto de Biología Subtropical se ha dedicado al estudio de la etnobotánica de las selvas de nuestro país. Estas diversas áreas de interés nos han llevado a reunirnos con el fin de estudiar los saberes y valores locales acerca de frutales euroasiáticos introducidos tempranamente en época colonial en dos áreas de Argentina: la Quebrada de Humahuaca (Provincia de Jujuy) y selvas de la Provincia de Misiones.

Solving a multi-objective manufacturing cell scheduling problem with the consideration of warehouses using a simulated annealing based procedure Toncovich, Adrián Andrés; Rossit, Daniel Alejandro; Frutos, Mariano; Rossit, Diego Gabriel The competition manufacturing companies face has driven the development of novel and efficient methods that enhance the decision making process. In this work, a specific flow shop scheduling problem of practical interest in the industry is presented and formalized using a mathematical programming model. The problem considers a manufacturing system arranged as a work cell that takes into account the transport operations of raw material and final products between the manufacturing cell and warehouses. For solving this problem, we present a multiobjective metaheuristic strategy based on simulated annealing, the Pareto Archived Simulated Annealing (PASA). We tested this strategy on two kinds of benchmark problem sets proposed by the authors. The first group is composed by small-sized problems. On these tests, PASA was able to obtain optimal or near-optimal solutions in significantly short computing times. In order to complete the analysis, we compared these results to the exact Pareto front of the instances obtained with augmented ε-constraint method. Then, we also tested the algorithm in a set of larger problems to evaluate its performance in more extensive search spaces. We performed this assessment through an analysis of the hypervolume metric. Both sets of tests showed the competitiveness of the Pareto Archived Simulated Annealing to efficiently solve this problem and obtain good quality solutions while using reasonable computational resources.