Sustainable and Bio-Based Food Packaging: A Review on Past and Current Design Innovations Versino, Florencia; Ortega, Florencia; Monroy, Yuliana; Rivero, Sandra G. M.; Lopez, Olivia Valeria; Garcia, Maria Alejandra Food loss and waste occur for many reasons, from crop processing to household leftovers. Even though some waste generation is unavoidable, a considerable amount is due to supply chain inefficiencies and damage during transport and handling. Packaging design and materials innovations represent real opportunities to reduce food waste within the supply chain. Besides, changes in people’s lifestyles have increased the demand for high-quality, fresh, minimally processed, and ready-to-eat food products with extended shelf-life, that need to meet strict and constantly renewed food safety regulations. In this regard, accurate monitoring of food quality and spoilage is necessary to diminish both health hazards and food waste. Thus, this work provides an overview of the most recent advances in the investigation and development of food packaging materials and design with the aim to improve food chain sustainability. Enhanced barrier and surface properties as well as active materials for food conservation are reviewed. Likewise, the function, importance, current availability, and future trends of intelligent and smart packaging systems are presented, especially considering biobased sensor development by 3D printing technology. In addition, driving factors affecting fully biobased packaging design and materials development and production are discussed, considering byproducts and waste minimization and revalorization, recyclability, biodegradability, and other possible ends-of-life and their impact on product/package system sustainability

Smearing and unsmearing KKLT AdS vacua Graña, Mariana; Kovensky, Nicolas; Toulikas, Dimitrios Gaugino condensation on D-branes wrapping internal cycles gives a mechanism to stabilize the associated moduli. According to the effective field theory, this gives rise, when combined with fluxes, to supersymmetric AdS4 solutions. In this paper we provide a ten-dimensional description of these vacua. We first find the supersymmetry equations for type II AdS4 vacua with gaugino condensates on D-branes, in the framework of generalized complex geometry. We then solve them for type IIB compactifications with gaugino condensates on smeared D7-branes. We show that supersymmetry requires a (conformal) Calabi-Yau manifold and imaginary self-dual three-form fluxes with an additional (0,3) component. The latter is proportional to the cosmological constant, whose magnitude is determined by the expectation value of the gaugino condensate and the stabilized volume of the cycle wrapped by the branes. This confirms, qualitatively and quantitatively, the results obtained using effective field theory. We find that exponential separation between the AdS and the KK scales seems possible as long as the three-form fluxes are such that their (0,3) component is exponentially suppressed. As for the localized solution, it requires going beyond SU(3)-structure internal manifolds. Nevertheless, we show that the action can be evaluated on-shell without relying on the details of such complicated configuration. We find that no “perfect square” structure occurs, and the result is divergent. We compute the four-fermion contributions, including a counterterm, needed to cancel these divergences.

The Assembly of Bacteria Living in Natural Environments Shapes Neuronal Integrity and Behavioral Outputs in Caenorhabditis elegans Urquiza Zurich, Sebastian; García Angulo, Víctor Antonio; Burdisso, Paula; Fernanda Palominos, M.; Fernandez Hubeid, Lucia Eugenia; Harcha, Paloma A.; Castillo, Juan P.; Calixto, Andrea Bacterivore nematodes are the most abundant animals in the biosphere, largely contributing to global biogeochemistry. Thus, the effects of environmental microbes on the nematodes’ life-history traits are likely to contribute to the general health of the biosphere. Caenorhabditis elegans is an excellent model to study the behavioral and physiological outputs of microbial diets. However, the effects of complex natural bacterial assemblies have only recently been reported, as most studies have been carried out with monoxenic cultures of laboratory-reared bacteria. Here, we quantified the physiological, phenotypic, and behavioral traits of C. elegans feeding on two bacteria that were coisolated with wild nematodes from a soil sample. These bacteria were identified as a putative novel species of Stenotrophomonas named Stenotrophomonas sp. strain Iso1 and a strain of Bacillus pumilus designated Iso2. The distinctive behaviors and developmental patterns observed in animals fed with individual isolates changed when bacteria were mixed. We studied in more depth the degeneration rate of the touch circuit of C. elegans and show that B. pumilus alone is protective, while the mix with Stenotrophomonas sp. is degenerative. The analysis of the metabolite contents of each isolate and their combination identified NAD1 as being potentially neuroprotective. In vivo supplementation shows that NAD1 restores neuroprotection to the mixes and also to individual nonprotective bacteria. Our results highlight the distinctive physiological effects of bacteria resembling native diets in a multicomponent scenario rather than using single isolates on nematodes. IMPORTANCE: Do behavioral choices depend on animals’ microbiota? To answer this question, we studied how different bacterial assemblies impact the life-history traits of the bacterivore nematode C. elegans using isolated bacteria found in association with wild nematodes in Chilean soil. We identified the first isolate, Iso1, as a novel species of Stenotrophomonas and isolate Iso2 as Bacillus pumilus. We find that worm traits such as food choice, pharyngeal pumping, and neuroprotection, among others, are dependent on the biota composition. For example, the neurodegeneration of the touch circuit needed to sense and escape from predators in the wild decreases when nematodes are fed on B. pumilus, while its coculture with Stenotrophomonas sp. eliminates neuroprotection. Using metabolomics analysis, we identify metabolites such as NAD1, present in B. pumilus yet lost in the mix, as being neuroprotective and validated their protective effects using in vivo experiments.

Sustainable Refining of Vegetable Oil Made Easy with a Designer Phospholipase C Enzyme Val, Diego Sebastian; Marchisio, Fiorela; Di Nardo, Luisina; Peirú, Salvador; Aguirre, Andres; Abriata, Luciano Andres; Palacios, Luis E.; Rasia, Rodolfo Maximiliano; Castelli, Maria Eugenia; Menzella, Hugo Gabriel The increasing demand pressures the vegetable oil industry to develop novel refining methods. Degumming with type C phospholipases (PLCs) is a green technology and provides extra oil. However, natural PLCs are not active under the harsh conditions used in oil refining plants, requiring additional unit operations. These upfront capital expenditures and the associated operational costs hinder the adoption of this method. Here, we present a process based on ChPLC, a synthetic PLC obtained by consensus sequence design, possessing superior thermal stability and catalytic properties. Using ChPLC, crude soybean oil degumming was completed at 80 °C in 30 min, the temperature and residence time imposed by the design of existing oil refining plants. Remarkably, an extra yield of oil of 2% was obtained using 60% of the dose recommended for PLCs marketed today, saving upfront investments and reducing the operational cost of degumming. A techno-economic analysis indicates that, for medium size plants, ChPLC reduces the overall cost of soybean oil enzymatic degumming by 58%. The process presented here facilitates the implementation of enzymatic technologies to oil producers, regardless of their processing capacity, bringing potential annual benefits in the billion-dollar range for the global economy.

Procedures for microstructurally conditioning an Fe-22Mn-0.6C-1.5Al TWIP steel for optimal mechanical behaviour Sklate Boja, Maria Florencia; Giordana, María Florencia; Malarria, Jorge Alberto; Druker, Ana Velia In this work, we investigate the development of microstructures during thermomechanical processing of an Fe-22Mn-0.6C-1.5Al TWIP steel designed and manufactured in the laboratory, using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effect of rolling at room temperature, 600 °C and 1000 °C followed by annealing at intermediate and high temperatures was related to the mechanical properties measured with tensile tests. We found that the selected chemical composition controlled the value of the stacking fault energy, so that the main deformation mechanism was twinning together with dislocation glide, for all sheet-processing conditions. The addition of aluminium eliminated serrations in the stress-strain curves, guaranteeing stable plastic flow of the material during deformation processes. The accumulation of stacking faults during rolling facilitated the formation of an abundance of twins in subsequent anneals. Twin boundaries appear distorted due to dislocation interactions, and these distortions provided nucleation sites for nanometric mechanical twins. This microstructure reduced the mean free path of dislocations, increasing the hardening rate during deformation, which resulted in excellent mechanical properties. Among the thermo-mechanical processes studied, we found that the sheets rolled at 20 °C and annealed at 750 °C gave a total deformation close to 50% and a maximum strength >1100 MPa, with a yield strength of 350 MPa. This process also produced a small grain size of 7 μm, which is capable of developing a high number of twins during heat treatments and load application. Finally, such a process is a simple and economic procedure, easily adapted to industrial practice.

First genetic analysis of Euschistus heros F. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Argentina and its relative abundance in a newly invaded soybean region Balbi, Emilia Inés; Flores, Fernando Miguel; Arneodo Larochette, Joel Demián The Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros F. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is the main soybean pest in Brazil, for which two major lineages (i. e. “Northern” and “Southern”) were identified. First recorded in Argentina in 2001, up to now no molecular studies have been performed on E. heros specimens occurring within the country. Here, partial sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb) genes revealed that brown stink bugs collected both in central and northern Argentina belonged to the “Southern” lineage and exhibited high genetic variability. This emerging pest has been detected recently in Marcos Juárez county, at the core of the Argentinian soybean producing region. The species composition of the soybean stink bug complex was investigated in this area during 2016, 2018 and 2020. The cosmopolitan Nezara viridula L. was the most abundant pentatomid along the whole study, accounting for 83–93% of the total captures in each season. The other members of the complex were Piezodorus guildinii West., Dichelops furcatus F., Edessa meditabunda F. (all of which were found during the three years of survey) and E. heros (recorded in 2018 and 2020). Though E. heros constituted a small share of the daily total stink bug catches (0—1.6%), this incipient pest invasion should be monitored in order to adopt adequate control measures for preventing eventual outbreaks.

Antiviral effect of natural and semisynthetic diterpenoids against adenovirus infection in vitro Bidart, Juan Esteban; Pertino, Mariano; Schmeda Hirschmann, Guillermo; Alche, Laura Edith; Petrera, Erina The emergence and re-emergence of viruses has highlighted the need to develop new broad spectrum antivirals to mitigate human infections. Pursuing our search for new bioactive plant-derived molecules, we studied several diterpene derivatives synthesized from jatropholones A and B and carnosic acid isolated from Jatropha isabellei and Rosmarinus officinalis, respectively. Here, we investigated the antiviral effect of the diterpenes against human adenovirus (HAdV-5) that causes several infections for which there is no approved antiviral therapy yet. Ten compounds were evaluated and none of them presented cytotoxicity in A549 cells. Only compounds 2, 5 and 9 inhibited HAdV-5 replication in a concentration-dependent manner, without virucidal activity, whereas the antiviral action took place after virus internalization. The expression of viral proteins E1A and Hexon was strongly inhibited by compounds 2 and 5 and, in a lesser degree, by compound 9. Since compounds 2, 5 and 9 prevent ERK activation, they might exert their antiviral action by interfering host cell functions required for virus replication. Besides, the compounds had an anti-inflammatory profile since they significantly inhibited the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 produced by THP-1 cells infected with HAdV-5 or with an adenoviral vector. In conclusion, diterpenes 2, 5 and 9 not only exerted antiviral activity against adenovirus but also are able to restrain pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by the virus.

Wikipedia como recurso para la enseñanza de la Historia en educación secundaria; Wikipedia as a resource for teaching History in secondary education Cuello, Esteban Andres; Alvarez, Guadalupe Objetivo: Explorar las posibilidades que brinda Wikipedia para la enseñanza de la Historia y la alfabetización digital. Metodología: Se recurrió al diseño de una Investigación-acción (IA) llevada adelante en el marco del dictado de la asignatura Historia Reciente en la Escuela Secundaria N°8, Villa de Mayo, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se efectuó un minucioso registro de clases, entrevistas a los estudiantes y relevamiento de producciones. Se realizaron análisis desde un enfoque cualitativo. Resultados: Los estudiantes mostraron inicialmente conocimientos muy básicos de Wikipedia y usos superficiales y acríticos. La propuesta educativa implementada les permitió adquirir conocimientos sobre aspectos y funcionalidades pedagógicamente relevantes de Wikipedia para lograr usos más críticos, activos y reflexivos, e incluso procesos de escritura colaborativa. Conclusiones: Wikipedia, si es utilizada educativamente bajo sólidos criterios pedagógicos y didácticos, constituye un recurso poderoso para andamiar las investigaciones en Historia de los estudiantes secundarios. A su vez, queda en evidencia que la enseñanza de la Historia constituye una oportunidad para promover procesos de alfabetización digital a través del uso de Wikipedia.; Aim: To explore the possibilities of Wikipedia for teaching history and digital literacy. Methodology: An action-research (AR) was conducted within the framework of the subject Recent History at Secondary School 8, in Villa de Mayo, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Data were collected through observations, interviews and student productions. Qualitative data analysis were carried out. Results: The students initially showed basic knowledge, and superficial and uncritical uses of Wikipedia. The educational proposal implemented led students to learn about relevant aspects and functionalities of the online encyclopedia, which allow them to achieve more critical, active and reflective uses, and collaborative writing processes. Conclusions: When Wikipedia is used educationally under solid pedagogical criteria, it constitutes a powerful resource to scaffold history research at secondary school. At the same time, teaching history is an opportunity to promote digital literacy processes by using Wikipedia.

Technical note: Angular dependence in fiber optic dosimetry using YVO4:Eu3+ Martínez Clemente, Nahuel Facundo; Fernández, Johanna; Machello, Soledad; Molina, Pablo Fernando; Massa, José María; Santiago, Martin Alejo Background: Fiber optic dosimetry (FOD) has emerged as a useful technique that can be used in those cases when intracavitary, real time, high spatial resolution dose assessment is required. Among the several factors characterizing a dosimeter, angular response of FOD probes has to be assessed in order to consider possible clinical application. Purpose: The objective of this study was to characterize the angular response of a FOD probe based on a cylindrical shaped YVO4:Eu3+ scintillator under irradiation with a 6 MV photon beam generated by a linear accelerator (LINAC). Methods: A FOD probe was irradiated inside a plastic phantom using a 6 MV LINAC photon beam at different azimuthal angles (0◦ to 360◦,15◦ steps).Scintillation output was measured with a photomultiplier tube. Similar measurements were performed with a second FOD probe having an optical filter interposed between the scintillator and the fiber.Monte Carlo simulations using PENELOPE were carried out in order to interpret the observed results. Results: The FOD output was symmetrical with respect to the scintillator axis. For the unfiltered probe, the signal was maximum at rear incidence (0◦) and steadily decreased down to its minimum value at frontal incidence (180◦) having a signal ratio of 37%. The output of the filtered probe showed a plateau from 15◦ up to 115◦. The signal was maximum at 60◦ and minimum at 180◦ having a signal ratio of 16%. Monte Carlo simulations predicted symmetry of the deposited dose about 0◦ and 90◦,which contrasts with experimental findings. Conclusions: Photoluminescence (PL) of the scintillator induced by the Cherenkov light increases the angular dependence.Radiation attenuation inside the scintillator and partial light collection of the scintillation yield by the optical fiber (OF) are responsible for asymmetrical response. Results from this study should be considered in order to minimize angular dependence in FOD.

A comparison of three main scientific literature databases using a search in aquatic ecology Ferreira, Victor G.; Rosa, Jonathan; Almeida, Nadiny M.; Pereira, Julia S.; Sabater, Lara Milena; Vendramin, Daiane; Zhu, Hong; Martens, Koen; Higuti, Janet Online searches for relevant scientific references using keywords have become common practice. Several multidisciplinary scientific online databases are available, of which Web of Science, Scopus (both payable) and Google Scholar (free of charge) are the most commonly used. We test the hypothesis that results of highly similar searches in these three databases do not necessarily give comparable results. We set out to query the three databases with a real example on “diapause in microcrustaceans” (Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda), using the same time period (2012–2021), the same keywords with the same syntaxis and the same sorting criterion (“relevance”), and compared the first 100 hits provided by each database. There were several references provided which were irrelevant to the search, especially in the Web of Science, and of the remaining relevant references, only 9.84% were provided by all three databases. Our survey showed significant differences amongst the results provided by the databases, especially for “hydroperiod” and “type of environment”. These differences can be the result of different coverage of the scientific literature by the databases, but also of the different ways by which the criterion “relevance” is calculated by the three algorithms. We, therefore, recommend that literature surveys must be based on several databases; otherwise, the results might become biased.

El potencial impacto de la dieta en el desarrollo del cáncer de mama: estudio de una población argentina; The potential impact of diet on the development of breast cancer: study of an argentine population Ocolotobiche, Eliana Evelina; Vidotto, Luna Macarena; Kraft, Jeniffer Antonela; De Angelis, Claudia; Güerci, Alba Mabel Fundamentos: el cáncer de mama constituye un serio problema sanitario. La exposición a ciertas condiciones ambientales y un estilo de vida nocivo, en parte son responsables de ello. Así, se considera necesario determinar los factores de riesgo que operan particularmente en cada población. Dada la falta de estudios locales, el objetivo fue establecer elementos y conductas de riesgo relevantes para el desarrollo del cáncer de mama, en una población argentina.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de orden transversal. A través de una encuesta semiestructurada se indagaron hábitos alimentarios, de vida y antecedentes de 110 pacientes con cáncer de mama de la ciudad de La Plata y zona de influencia. Además, se tuvieron en cuenta parámetros antropométricos.Resultados: se comprobó la asociación entre la obesidad y esta patología, posiblemente debido a la insuficiencia de actividad física y la mala alimentación. Se estableció el patrón alimentario prevalente, reflejando semejanza a la dieta occidental, con potencial carcinogénico. Así, se observó un consumo excesivo en carne roja y pollo, cereales refinados y azúcares y al mismo tiempo deficiente en pescado y fitonutrientes.Conclusiones: a partir de estos hallazgos, se podrían impulsar cambios adecuados mediante el desarrollo de políticas sanitarias basadas en evidencia

¡Si no lo tenemos, no existe!. El surgimiento de las comiquerías en Buenos Aires y una globalizacion de segunda mano (1988-2001); “If we don’t have it, it doesn’t exist!”. The emergence of comic-book shops in Buenos Aires and a second-hand globalization (1988-2001) Labra, Diego ¡La invasión de los ladrones de bateas! Así se tituló la avalancha de historietas importadas que a fines del siglo XX inundaron primero los kioscos y luego un emergente circuito de librerías especializadas conocido como comiquerías. Hoy sabemos que esta circulación de productos culturales es un proceso más complejo, pues, a diferencia de otros bienes que hacen al comercio global, la historieta no puede simplemente transportarse y venderse en otro país. Son necesarias una serie de operaciones simbólicas y materiales que la hagan pasible de ser consumida por el lectorado local. Una cadena de valor simbólico internacional que, al contrario de lo sugerido por la exclamación inicial, contó con la iniciativa de actores locales. En este artículo reconstruimos cómo se configuró en Buenos Aires un circuito de comiquerías durante los noventa. Se trata de un caso testigo del efecto sobre el comercio de productos culturales que tuvo la política económica del gobierno de Menem, pero también del rol necesario que cumplieron actores locales en la articulación de dicho comercio, así como de las maneras en que esos actores intentaron posicionarse mediante él dentro del campo inestable de la historieta, que atravesaba una coyuntura de dramática transformación.; The invasion of the magazine rack thieves! This was the title given to the im- ported comics’ avalanche that at the end of the 20th century flooded, first, the newsstands and, later, an emerging circuit of specialized bookstores known as comic-book shops. Today we know that this circulation of cultural products is a more complex process because, unlike other goods that make up global trade, comics cannot simply be transported and sold in another country. They require a series of symbolic and material operations that make them consumable by the local readership. An international symbolic value chain that, contrary to what is suggested by the initial exclamation, relied on the initiative of local actors. In this article we reconstruct how a circuit of comic shops was configured in Buenos Aires during the nineties. It’s a witness case of the effect that Carlos Menem government’s economic policy had on the trade of cultural products, but also of the necessary role played by local actors in the articulation of such trade, as well as the ways in which these actors tried to position themselves through it within the unstable field of comics, that was undergoing a dramatic transformation.

Meditaciones: Ensayo filosófico Farrán, Roque En este ensayo reúno y reescribo algunas meditaciones que aparecieron intercaladas en varios libros anteriores de mi autoría, separadas esta vez de las consideraciones teóricas o políticas que las acompañaban, para que se pongan a prueba en el ejercicio cotidiano. Se trata de una escritura de sí cuya rigurosidad se evalúa en función de la transformación que habilita y no de la mera comprensión semántica. Por supuesto que no se trata de prescripciones o directivas generales, aptas para todo caso, son propuestas de ejercicios que solo pueden ser útiles para quienes las consideren verdaderas en lo que afirman y convenientes según las circunstancias. Las sentencias y meditaciones siguen un orden clásico de articulación que he dispuesto según tópicos reconocibles: el ser en común, el mundo, el lenguaje, el presente, el ánimo, la teoría, los ejercicios, la repetición, la naturaleza, el conocimiento, etc. Pero pueden ser leídas y ejercitadas en distintos órdenes y repeticiones, porque no se trata a partir de ellas de reconstruir un argumento o dar explicaciones, sino de proponer meditaciones cuya evaluación depende del sujeto mismo que se ejercita, como he dicho anteriormente. No hay conclusión ni desarrollo. Están inspiradas mayormente en el estoicismo y en Spinoza, aunque también reúnen consideraciones althusserianas, lacanianas y nietzscheanas, reelaboradas según un estilo propio.; In this essay I gather and rewrite some meditations that appeared interspersed in several previous books of my authorship, this time separated from the theoretical or political considerations that accompanied them, so that they can be put to the test in daily practice. It is a self-writing prepared for those who want to put themselves to the test. Of course, these are not prescriptions or general directives, they are proposals for exercises that can only be useful for those who consider them true in what they affirm and convenient according to the circumstances. Therefore, the first sentence precisely clarifies the paradoxical nature of life in common and what to do, the others can be read in any order. There is no conclusion or development. They are mostly inspired by Stoicism and Spinoza, although they also bring together Althusserian, Lacanian and Nietzschean considerations, reworked in my own way.

¿Con la democracia se educa? En democracia, los movimientos estudiantiles luchan por la educación Pis Diez, Nayla María; Seia, Guadalupe Andrea Nayla Pis Diez y Guadalupe Seia exponen los distintos mojones que caracterizan al movimiento estudiantil en el camino de cuarenta años de democracia. Estos mojones señalizan: las luchas por la democratización y acceso a la educación en los años ochenta; la resistencia a las políticas neoliberales en la década de 1990 y el crecimiento de los espacios de izquierdas; la oposición al legado de la Ley de Educación Superior en los gobiernos de Néstor y Cristina Kirchner, y las emergentes agrupaciones kirchneristas en la escuela media y en la universidad; la oposición al recorte presupuestario y al discurso del derroche de la ciencia y la educación en los años del gobierno de Macri. Finalmente, ya sin referencias a los gobiernos de turno, revisan el papel del estudiantado en el feminismo, y del feminismo en el estudiantado.

CHANCES: A CHileAN Cluster galaxy Evolution Survey Christopher Haines; Haines, Christopher; Jaffé, Yara; Tejos, Nicolás; Monachesi, Antonela; Pompei, Emanuela; Finoguenov, Alexis; Sifón, Cristóbal; Lopez, Sebastian; Manjunatha, Amrutha Belwadi; Bilton, Lawrence; Comparat, Johan; Cuellar, Rodrigo; D’Ago, Giuseppe; Demarco, Ricardo; Lima-Dias, Ciria; Lösch, Elismar; Merluzzi, Paola; Smith Castelli, Analia Viviana; Sodré, Laerte; Vinicius, Erik CHANCES, the CHileAN Cluster galaxy Evolution Survey, will study the evolution of galaxies in and around ~ 150 massive galaxy clusters, from the local Universe out to z ~ 0.45. It will target ~ 300 000 rAB < 20.5 galaxies with 4MOST, providing comprehensive spectroscopic coverage of each cluster out to 5r200 in synergy with eROSITA. Its wide and deep scope will trace massive and dwarf galaxies from the surrounding filaments and groups to the cores of galaxy clusters, enabling the study of galaxy pre-processing and the role of the evolving environment on galaxies. We will also study the effect of clusters on the cold circumgalactic medium by targeting 50 000 cluster–QSO pairs.

Baseline metals concentration in the sea star Anasterias minuta in San Matías Gulf, Atlantic Ocean; Concentración de metales de referencia en la estrella de mar Anasterias minuta en el Golfo San Matías, Océano Atlántico Arribas, Lorena Pilar; Marquez, Federico; Brogger, Martin Ignacio; Bigatti, Gregorio Los ambientes contaminados con metales pueden inducir a la acumulación de metales trazas en los tejidos blandos de la fauna marina, resultando en efectos negativos. La estrella de mar incubadora Anasterias minuta es una de las especies de depredadores superiores de macroinvertebrados más conspicuas en las costas rocosas de la Patagonia Atlántica que podría acumular elementos traza y usarse como biomonitor de la contaminación costera por metales. El objetivo de este estudio exploratorio fue cuantificar las concentraciones de metales en las gónadas de poblaciones de A. minuta en un área con impacto antrópico y en un Área Natural Protegida. Las estrellas de mar A. minuta fueron recolectadas de dos poblaciones intermareales rocosas del Golfo San Matías, cerca de un muelle de carga de mineral de hierro en Punta Colorada (PC), y en el Área Natural Protegida Puerto Lobos (PL), ubicada 35 km al sur de PC. Los metales esenciales Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr y Ni, y los metales no esenciales Cd y As estuvieron presentes en las gónadas de ambas poblaciones de A. minuta. Sin embargo, el metal esencial Co y el metal no esencial Pb fueron solo detectados en el Área Natural Protegida PL, con valores inferiores al límite de cuantificación en PC. Dado que las altas concentraciones de metales pueden tener un impacto negativo en las poblaciones de estrellas de mar y los hábitats costeros, estos datos de metales obtenidos de las gónadas de las poblaciones de A. minuta podrían ser útiles como referencia para comenzar un programa de monitoreo en áreas urbanizadas y marinas protegidas.; : Environments contaminated with metals can induce accumulation of trace metals in soft tissues of marine fauna resulting in negative effects. The oral brooding sea star Anasterias minuta is one of the most conspicuous macro-invertebrate top-predator species in the Atlantic Patagonian rocky shores that could accumulate trace elements and be used as biomonitor of coastal metal pollution. The aim of this study was to quantify metals concentrations on gonads of A. minuta populations in an anthropogenic impacted and in a natural protected area. Sea stars A. minuta were collected from two rocky intertidal populations in San Matías Gulf, near an iron-ore loading wharf at Punta Colorada (PC), and in the Natural Protected Area Puerto Lobos (PL), located 35 km south to PC. The essential metals Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni, and the non-essential metal Cd and As were present in gonads of A. minuta from both populations. However, the essential metal Co and the non-essential metal Pb were only detected in the Natural Protected Area PL, with values below to quantification limit at PC. As high metal concentrations can impact negatively on sea star populations and shore habitats, this metal survey obtained from gonads of A. minuta populations could be useful as a reference to start a monitoring program in urbanized and marine protected areas.

Malvinas 40 años después: Movimientos posibles en una guerra de posiciones Guber, Rosana La Antropología y la Historia compartimos abordajes desde la singularidad de escenas, situaciones y relaciones sociales. Malvinas fue una guerra que sucedió hace 40 años, entre las Fuerzas Armadas de dos estados nacionales. La primera cuestión que abordaré aquí es qué hace una antropóloga en la temática. La segunda será cómo esta antropóloga fue identificando algunos problemas que nos dificultan comprender e investigar la guerra de 1982 a los académicos argentinos.; This article shows the contributions of Social Anthropology and Ethnography in a typically historical issue such as the Anglo-Argentine conflict of 1982 over the Malvinas/Falkland Islands and the South Atlantic archipelagoes. Through a historical review, this text reconstructs the construction of the positions that came to “solve” the paradox underlying this war and its subsequent memory: it was the dictatorship of the self-called National Reorganization Process (1976- 1983) that carried out the recovery of the Malvinas Islands, with the popular support of the whole country. Despite this 40-year-postwar, these positions remain unshakable and prevent us from understanding that war and, above all, how it was possible.

Low-dose N-acetyl cysteine prevents paraquat-induced mortality in Caenorhabditis ele-gans Gonzales Moreno, Candelaria; Fernandez Hubeid, Lucia Eugenia; Holgado, Andrea; Virgolini, Miriam Beatriz Exposure to the herbicide paraquat (PQ; 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride) affects the redox balance of the cell, an effect that can be restored by antioxidants, including N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). One hour of exposure to PQ (0 mM, 10 mM, 50 mM, or 100 mM) dose-dependently increased mortality in Caenorhabditis elegans after exposure (immediate toxicity), while this effect was more evident 24 hours thereafter (delayed toxicity). Importantly, pretreatment with NAC 0.5 mM for one hour partially prevented mortality in the immediate assay, while it had no effect in the delayed test, revealing the importance of long-term studies when evaluating toxicity.

Los aportes de la perspectiva decolonial al análisis de los movimientos sociales: El caso de la Coordinadora Nacional de Trabajadores y Trabajadoras NO+AFP de Chile (2012-2019); Contributions of the Decolonial Perspective to the Analysis of Social Movements: The Case of the Coordinadora Nacional de Trabajadores y Trabajadoras NO+AFP de Chile (2012-2019) Soto Pimentel, Verónica Paz Este artículo presenta los aportes de la perspectiva decolonial al análisis de los movimientos sociales, e indaga en los saberes que la Coordinadora NO+AFP utilizó para disputar el sistema de pensiones de capitalización individual chileno entre 2012 y 2019. Para ello, se reconstruye la trayectoria de este movimiento mediante una metodología cualitativa y la realización de entrevistas en profundidad y análisis de contenido. Buscando colapsar la frontera entre doxa y episteme, se identifican los saberes de la Coordinadora que emergen de las experiencias y opiniones de sus protagonistas, de saberes científicos y de los significados materiales e ideales que tienen sus reclamos.; In this article I present the contributions of decolonial perspective to the analysis of social movements and I investigate the knowledge that the “Coordinadora NO+AFP” used to dispute the Chilean pension system, based on the individual capitalization, between 2012 and 2019. To do this, I reconstruct the trajectory of this movement through a qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews, and content analysis. I identify the knowledge of the “Coordinadora” that emerges from the opinions of its protagonists, from scientific knowledge, and from the material, and ideal meanings that their claims have, in the frame of implementation of a pension system from the modernity/coloniality logic.

Chondrichthyans from the southern tip of South America with emphasis on the marine protected area Namuncurá-Burdwood Bank: exploring egg nursery grounds Matusevich, Florencia; Vazquez, Diego Martin; Gabbanelli, Valeria; Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín; Mabragaña, Ezequiel The Burdwood Bank (BB) is a subantarctic area, where two of the three Marine Protected Areas (MPA) of the Argentinean Exclusive Economic Zone are located: Namuncurá I, and Namuncurá II. The area is characterized by a high biodiversity of benthic invertebrates and teleost fishes; however, the available information on oviparous chondrichthyans is scarce. The aim of this study is to explore the potential reproductive use that oviparous chondrichthyans could make of the area based on the presence of egg-laying grounds. Additionally, we aim to provide an updated checklist of the species that inhabit the BB. Samples of specimens and egg capsules collected in four research cruises carried out between 2016 and 2018 were analyzed. Six skate species were found in both MPAs: Amblyraja doellojuradoi, Bathyraja albomaculata, B. brachyurops, B. macloviana, B. scaphiops, and Psammobatis rudis; whereas B. cousseauae, and B. magellanica were found exclusively in Namuncurá I, and B. multispinis in Namuncurá II. Here we report, for the first time, the presence of egg-laying grounds for five chondrichthyan species in the BB area: A. doellojuradoi, B. brachyurops, B. macloviana, B. scaphiops, and P. rudis. The results obtained highlighted the importance of the region for the conservation of oviparous chondrichthyans found in the southern Patagonian shelf.